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EU Transport Policy François Decoster Frédéric Versini Professional Workshop “EU Transport and Space Policies” Bruges, 11-12 November 2017 EU Transport Policy College of Europe Outline PART 1: Transport Policy in Context PART 2: Creating A Single European Transport Area PART 3: Connect to Compete : Towards a European Infrastructure Policy PART 4: Transport for Society PART 5: Dealing with Transport in a Professional Context Who shapes transport policy? 1482Tue275 The European Commission Ms Violeta Bulc, Commissioner for transport (Juncker 2014 - 2019) Responsibilities • Pushing forward work on trans-European transport networks and promoting cross-border transport connections. • Facilitating travel by ensuring optimal connections between different transport modes, such as railway and air transport. • Basing new policies increasingly on the "user pays" principle, while preventing discrimination. • Completing negotiations on the new railway regulations (4th Railway package) and pursuing the Single European Sky policy. • Developing common EU standards for transport safety and security to improve the international environment for transport. Project Teams • Jobs, Growth, Investment and Competitiveness • Energy Union • Better Regulation and Interinstitutional Affairs • Budget and Human Resources • Europe in the World 1482Tue275 The European Commission Instruments • Policy development: issue white and green papers to shape the reflection on transport policy • Initiation of legislation: the Commission has the initiative for legislative proposals • Own power of decision: for example, dealing with State aid in the field of transport (regulator) • Implementation: Commission ensures that the provisions of the Treaty and legislation are applied (infringements; passengers’ right; safety or security inspections; Court cases) • Managing financial support programmes: Connecting Europe Facility, Horizon 2020, other specific programmes Directorate General for Transport and Mobility (DG MOVE) Agencies • European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA) • European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) • European Railway Agency (ERA) • Executive Agency for Competitiveness & Innovation (EACI) • Innovation & Networks Executive Agency (INEA) 1482Tue275 Directorate General for Mobility and Transport Former Commissioners and Directors General Commissioner Director general Lambert Schaus (L) 1958-67 Giuseppe Renzetti (I) 1958-61 Bruno Minoletti (I) 1961-1964 Victor Bodson (L) 1967-70 Albert Coppé (B) 1970-72 Paolo Rhe (I) 1965-72 Carlo Scarascia Mugnozza (I) 1973-76 Raymond Le Goy (UK) 1973-81 Richard Burke (Irl) 1977-80 Georges Contogeorgis (Gr) 1981-1984 John Steele (UK) 1981-1986 Former Commissioners and Directors General Stanley Clinton Davis (UK) 1985-1988 Eduardo Peña (ES) 1986-1992 Karel Van Miert (BE) 1989-1992 Abel Matutes (ES) 1993-1994 Robert Coleman (UK) 1992-1999 Neil Kinnock (UK) 1995-1999 Loyola de Palacio (ES) 1999-2004 François Lamoureux (FR) 1999-2006 Jacques Barrot (FR) 2004-2008 Mathias Ruete (DE) 2006-2014 Antonio Tajani (IT) 2008-2010 Siim Kallas (EE) 2010-2014 Joao Aguiar Machado 2014-2015 (PT) Violeta Bulc (SI) 2014- Henrik Hololei (EE) 2015- Internal decision making process Walkthrough of a Commission proposal • Proposals are drafted by Commission officials working in the responsible Directorate General. • External expertise: studies ; stakeholder consultations; modelling • Impact assessment of every legislative measure (economic, environmental and social impact) • Inter-service consultation (all relevant services) • Policy drive – role of cabinet of the Commissioner • Coordination with Vice-Presidents according to project teams • Meeting of the Commission (every Wednesday) – no vote, collegiality Legislative cycle 1482Tue275 The European Commission Infringement cases – Situation on 31.12.2013 - 202 cases The “Transport” Council European Council / Council of Ministers • Co-legislator with the European Parliament • Qualified majority voting system • Expression of consensus and alliances of Member States’ interests • Progressively supported the common transport policy Council preparatory bodies – COREPER and working parties • COREPER I – deputy permanent representatives • Transport Attachés working in Council’s preparatory groups: land transport, aviation, shipping, horizontal issues The rotating Presidency – 6 months • Council meetings: two formal meetings (Brussels/Luxemburg) and one informal meeting (in Presidency’s country) • Chairperson: Ms Kadri Simpson, Minister for Transport and Energy, Estonia The European Parliament The ordinary legislative procedure confers a major role to the European Parliament as co- legislator • Members of Parliaments are divided up among a number of specialised standing committees (20) to prepare work for Parliament’s plenary sittings • The EP has supported the development of the common transport policy since the beginning based on strong integrationist convictions • ECJ case in 1985 was the result of an EP initiative The TRAN Committee The Transport and Tourism Committee TRAN • Chairman is Karima Delli (Greens, FR) • Vice-Chairmen are Dominique Riquet (ALDE/FR), Dieter Koch (EPP/DE), Tomasz Piotr PORĘBA (ECR, PL) and István UJHELYI (S&D, HU) • Role of political groups’ co-ordinators • There are about 50 permanent members • TRAN draws up, amends and adopts legislative proposals and own-initiative reports on transport issues • They consider Commission and Council proposals and, where necessary, draw up reports to be presented to the plenary assembly Ordinary legislative procedure Role of other institutions European Court of Justice: • 28 Judges and eight Advocates General • types of proceedings (preliminary rulings; failure to fulfil obligations; annulment; failure to act; appeals and reviews) • major cases: AETR 1971; EP 1985; Altmark 2004 European Economic and Social Committee: • consultative body representing socio-occupational interest groups • a formal platform to express their points of views on EU issues • Section for transport, energy, infrastructure and information society (TEN) European Committee of the Regions: • Political assembly representing local and regional authorities • Commission for territorial cohesion (COTER) • Political groups / cooperation between certain regions Decentralization : European Agencies Development of decentralised bodies of the European Union • Difference between Regulation Agencies and Executive Agencies (still part of the European Commission – management of programmes) • Agency is a body governed by European public law; distinct from the Community Institutions (Council, Parliament, Commission, etc.) and has its own legal personality. • It is set up by an act of secondary legislation in order to accomplish a very specific technical, scientific or managerial task, in the framework of the European Union’s “first pillar”. European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA) – created in 2003 (Lisbon) • Tighten up the range of legal tools for maritime safety • Involved in maritime safety controls, classification societies and port reception facilities for hazardous substances • Exchange of information about ships and their cargoes and harmonizing Member States’ methodologies in post-accident investigations Decentralization : European Agencies European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) – created in 2002 (Cologne) • Establish and maintain a high uniform level of civil aviation safety • Provide technical expertise to the European Commission for aviation safety and relevant international agreements • Carry out certain executive tasks related to aviation safety (certification of aeronautical products; their design, production and maintenance) • Competencies progressively enlarged to all other areas of civil aviation safety (air operations and flight crew licensing) European Railway Agency (ERA) – created in 2004 (Valenciennes) Mission consists in reinforcing safety and interoperability of railways throughout Europe: • development and implementation of Technical Specifications for Interoperability • a common approach to questions concerning railway safety • current proposal to strengthen its role and competences Executive Agency – INEA • INEA has been established to implement Union programmes on behalf of the Commission and under its responsibility. • DG MOVE is the lead (pivot) DG for INEA, which also works for ENER, RTD and CNECT. • INEA's portfolio for 2014-2020 covers parts of the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) for transport, energy and ICT infrastructure, parts of transport and energy research under Horizon 2020, and the legacy of the TEN-T and Marco Polo programmes. • Budget is up to €37 billion (€30 billion for CEF and €7 billion for H2020). Industrial dimension The SESAR Joint Undertaking • public private partnership - the implementation instrument for the technology pillar of the Single European Sky (SES). I • in charge of the SESAR project's development phase, i.e. is the "guardian" and the executor of the European Air Traffic Management (ATM) Master Plan. • budget contribution from DG MOVE for 2014 amounts to €20 million (commitments) and €65 million (payments). Together with contributions from other stakeholders, total appropriations in 2014 are estimated at €33 million (commitments) and €126 million (payments) The Shift2Rail (S2R) Joint Undertaking • Public private partnership - better align EU rail research and innovation efforts to support the completion of the Single European Railway Area while accelerating the market take-up of innovative solutions. • The budget contribution from
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