Preserved Interviews from the Claude Lanzmann Shoah Collection
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Czerniakow, Adam
Czerniakow, Adam (1880-1942), Chairman of the Warsaw Judenrat. Born in Warsaw, Czerniakow was trained as a chemical engineer. He served on the Warsaw Municipal Council from 1927-1934, and was elected to the Polish Senate in 1931. Even though Czerniakow was a member of the Jewish community's executive council before World War II, the Jews of Warsaw did not consider him to be one of their leaders. He was not a member of any Jewish political party, was considered to be an assimilated Jew, and could not speak Yiddish very well. In spite of this, when the Nazis invaded Warsaw and the chairman of the Jewish community council fled the city, the mayor asked Czerniakow to take his place as the leader of the Jews. The Germans ordered him to establish a Judenrat in October 1939. During the first few months of the occupation, some leading Judenrat members managed to leave the country. Czerniakow also had this opportunity, but he refused to shirk his leadership duties and criticized those who did. The Warsaw Ghetto was established in October 1940. At this point, the Judenrat, led by Czerniakow, took on many new municipal-like responsibilities, including food, work, sanitation, housing, culture, and health services for the inhabitants of the ghetto. The Judenrat grew to encompass 25 different departments and 6,000 employees—more than 11 times the number of workers in Warsaw's Jewish Council before the war. Czerniakow was strenuously criticized by Warsaw's underground resistance for what they saw as collaboration with the Nazis. However, Czerniakow's policy of trying to work within the system was his attempt at saving lives. -
Theresienstadt Concentration Camp from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Coordinates: 50°30′48″N 14°10′1″E
Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Theresienstadt concentration camp From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Coordinates: 50°30′48″N 14°10′1″E "Theresienstadt" redirects here. For the town, see Terezín. Navigation Theresienstadt concentration camp, also referred to as Theresienstadt Ghetto,[1][2] Main page [3] was established by the SS during World War II in the fortress and garrison city of Contents Terezín (German name Theresienstadt), located in what is now the Czech Republic. Featured content During World War II it served as a Nazi concentration camp staffed by German Nazi Current events guards. Random article Tens of thousands of people died there, some killed outright and others dying from Donate to Wikipedia malnutrition and disease. More than 150,000 other persons (including tens of thousands of children) were held there for months or years, before being sent by rail Interaction transports to their deaths at Treblinka and Auschwitz extermination camps in occupied [4] Help Poland, as well as to smaller camps elsewhere. About Wikipedia Contents Community portal Recent changes 1 History The Small Fortress (2005) Contact Wikipedia 2 Main fortress 3 Command and control authority 4 Internal organization Toolbox 5 Industrial labor What links here 6 Western European Jews arrive at camp Related changes 7 Improvements made by inmates Upload file 8 Unequal treatment of prisoners Special pages 9 Final months at the camp in 1945 Permanent link 10 Postwar Location of the concentration camp in 11 Cultural activities and -
Jews on Route to Palestine 1934-1944. Sketches from the History of Aliyah
JEWS ON ROUTE TO PALESTINE 1934−1944 JAGIELLONIAN STUDIES IN HISTORY Editor in chief Jan Jacek Bruski Vol. 1 Artur Patek JEWS ON ROUTE TO PALESTINE 1934−1944 Sketches from the History of Aliyah Bet – Clandestine Jewish Immigration Jagiellonian University Press Th e publication of this volume was fi nanced by the Jagiellonian University in Krakow – Faculty of History REVIEWER Prof. Tomasz Gąsowski SERIES COVER LAYOUT Jan Jacek Bruski COVER DESIGN Agnieszka Winciorek Cover photography: Departure of Jews from Warsaw to Palestine, Railway Station, Warsaw 1937 [Courtesy of National Digital Archives (Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe) in Warsaw] Th is volume is an English version of a book originally published in Polish by the Avalon, publishing house in Krakow (Żydzi w drodze do Palestyny 1934–1944. Szkice z dziejów alji bet, nielegalnej imigracji żydowskiej, Krakow 2009) Translated from the Polish by Guy Russel Torr and Timothy Williams © Copyright by Artur Patek & Jagiellonian University Press First edition, Krakow 2012 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any eletronic, mechanical, or other means, now know or hereaft er invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers ISBN 978-83-233-3390-6 ISSN 2299-758X www.wuj.pl Jagiellonian University Press Editorial Offi ces: Michałowskiego St. 9/2, 31-126 Krakow Phone: +48 12 631 18 81, +48 12 631 18 82, Fax: +48 12 631 18 83 Distribution: Phone: +48 12 631 01 97, Fax: +48 12 631 01 98 Cell Phone: + 48 506 006 674, e-mail: [email protected] Bank: PEKAO SA, IBAN PL80 1240 4722 1111 0000 4856 3325 Contents Th e most important abbreviations and acronyms ........................................ -
Holocaust/Shoah the Organization of the Jewish Refugees in Italy Holocaust Commemoration in Present-Day Poland
NOW AVAILABLE remembrance a n d s o l i d a r i t y Holocaust/Shoah The Organization of the Jewish Refugees in Italy Holocaust Commemoration in Present-day Poland in 20 th century european history Ways of Survival as Revealed in the Files EUROPEAN REMEMBRANCE of the Ghetto Courts and Police in Lithuania – LECTURES, DISCUSSIONS, remembrance COMMENTARIES, 2012–16 and solidarity in 20 th This publication features the century most significant texts from the european annual European Remembrance history Symposium (2012–16) – one of the main events organized by the European Network Remembrance and Solidarity in Gdańsk, Berlin, Prague, Vienna and Budapest. The 2017 issue symposium entitled ‘Violence in number the 20th-century European history: educating, commemorating, 5 – december documenting’ will take place in Brussels. Lectures presented there will be included in the next Studies issue. 2016 Read Remembrance and Solidarity Studies online: enrs.eu/studies number 5 www.enrs.eu ISSUE NUMBER 5 DECEMBER 2016 REMEMBRANCE AND SOLIDARITY STUDIES IN 20TH CENTURY EUROPEAN HISTORY EDITED BY Dan Michman and Matthias Weber EDITORIAL BOARD ISSUE EDITORS: Prof. Dan Michman Prof. Matthias Weber EDITORS: Dr Florin Abraham, Romania Dr Árpád Hornják, Hungary Dr Pavol Jakubčin, Slovakia Prof. Padraic Kenney, USA Dr Réka Földváryné Kiss, Hungary Dr Ondrej Krajňák, Slovakia Prof. Róbert Letz, Slovakia Prof. Jan Rydel, Poland Prof. Martin Schulze Wessel, Germany EDITORIAL COORDINATOR: Ewelina Pękała REMEMBRANCE AND SOLIDARITY STUDIES IN 20TH CENTURY EUROPEAN HISTORY PUBLISHER: European Network Remembrance and Solidarity ul. Wiejska 17/3, 00–480 Warszawa, Poland www.enrs.eu, [email protected] COPY-EDITING AND PROOFREADING: Caroline Brooke Johnson PROOFREADING: Ramon Shindler TYPESETTING: Marcin Kiedio GRAPHIC DESIGN: Katarzyna Erbel COVER DESIGN: © European Network Remembrance and Solidarity 2016 All rights reserved ISSN: 2084–3518 Circulation: 500 copies Funded by the Federal Government Commissioner for Culture and the Media upon a Decision of the German Bundestag. -
Family Planning Advice in State-Socialist Poland, 1950S–80S: Local and Transnational Exchanges
Med. Hist. (2020), vol. 64(2), pp. 240–266. c The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press doi:10.1017/mdh.2020.5 Family Planning Advice in State-Socialist Poland, 1950s–80s: Local and Transnational Exchanges SYLWIA KUZMA-MARKOWSKA´ 1 and AGATA IGNACIUK 2* 1American Studies Center, Institute of the Americas and Europe, Al. Niepodleglosci 22, 02-653 Warsaw, Poland 2Institute of Ethnology and Cultural Anthropology, Faculty of History, University of Warsaw, Zurawia˙ 4, 00-503 Warsaw, Poland Abstract: This paper scrutinises the relations between different models of family planning advice and their evolution in Poland between the mid-1950s and the late 1980s, focusing on their similarities and dissimilarities, conflicts and concordances. From 1956 onwards, the delivery of family planning advice became a priority for both the Polish Catholic Church and the party-state, especially its health authorities, which supported the foundation of the Society of Conscious Motherhood and aspired to mainstream birth control advice through the network of public well-woman clinics. As a consequence, two systems of family planning counselling emerged: the professional, secular family planning movement and Catholic pre-marital and marital counselling. We argue that reciprocal influence and emulation existed between state-sponsored and Catholic family planning in state-socialist Poland, and that both models used transnational organisations and debates relating to contraception for their construction and legitimisation. By evaluating the extent to which the strategies and practices for the delivery of birth control advice utilised by transnational birth control movements were employed in a ‘second world’ context such as Poland, we reveal unexpected supranational links that complicate and problematise historiographical and popular understandings of the Iron Curtain and Cold War Europe. -
THE POLISH POLICE Collaboration in the Holocaust
THE POLISH POLICE Collaboration in the Holocaust Jan Grabowski The Polish Police Collaboration in the Holocaust Jan Grabowski INA LEVINE ANNUAL LECTURE NOVEMBER 17, 2016 The assertions, opinions, and conclusions in this occasional paper are those of the author. They do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. First printing, April 2017 Copyright © 2017 by Jan Grabowski THE INA LEVINE ANNUAL LECTURE, endowed by the William S. and Ina Levine Foundation of Phoenix, Arizona, enables the Center to bring a distinguished scholar to the Museum each year to conduct innovative research on the Holocaust and to disseminate this work to the American public. Wrong Memory Codes? The Polish “Blue” Police and Collaboration in the Holocaust In 2016, seventy-one years after the end of World War II, the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs disseminated a long list of “wrong memory codes” (błędne kody pamięci), or expressions that “falsify the role of Poland during World War II” and that are to be reported to the nearest Polish diplomat for further action. Sadly—and not by chance—the list elaborated by the enterprising humanists at the Polish Foreign Ministry includes for the most part expressions linked to the Holocaust. On the long list of these “wrong memory codes,” which they aspire to expunge from historical narrative, one finds, among others: “Polish genocide,” “Polish war crimes,” “Polish mass murders,” “Polish internment camps,” “Polish work camps,” and—most important for the purposes of this text—“Polish participation in the Holocaust.” The issue of “wrong memory codes” will from time to time reappear in this study. -
La Place De L'helvète : Considérations Sur Un Vivant Qui Passe
RubriqueUn vivant cinéma qui suissepasse 77 Un vivant qui passe La place de l’Helvète : Considérations sur Un vivant qui passe 1 Le cinéma « alternatif » Spoutnik, à Genève, l’a montré en septembre 2001. par Alain Freudiger 2 Cette phrase d’un discours de Jean-Pascal Delamuraz, alors président de la Confédéra- tion, prononcée en 199 avait été relevée par l’écrivain Adolf Muschg dans un essai intitulé « Wenn Auschwitz in der Schweiz liegt », paru en Réalisé par Claude Lanzmann en 1997, Un vivant qui passe n’a jamais été français peu après. Voir Adolf Muschg, Cinq dis- 1 cours d’un Suisse à sa nation qui n’en est pas projeté en Suisse – à une exception notable . Cela est d’autant plus sur- une, Ed. Zoé, Genève, 199. prenant que, outre l’importance majeure de Lanzmann comme réalisa- 3 « Dr Rossel : mais ils avaient l’impression de teur depuis Shoah (1985), ce film touche à des questions particulièrement faire quelque chose d’utile. C’est l’impression cruciales pour la Suisse : la neutralité, la Croix Rouge, l’humanitaire, la que ça donnait, parce que, si on leur parlait des non-implication… Il est possible que personne n’ait souhaité program- camps, des prisonniers, des détenus, quoi, et des choses comme ça, ils disaient : ‹ Oui, mais mer ce film à sa sortie, puisque la Suisse était alors empêtrée dans la crise enfin, l’Allemagne fait maintenant, ici, un travail des fonds en déshérence. Pourtant, il constitue une excellente réponse invraisemblable, extraordinaire, dont toute l’Eu- rope nous sera reconnaissante. › » Claude Lanz- au trop fameux « Auschwitz, ce n’est quand même pas en Suisse ! » de mann, Un vivant qui passe. -
Eichmann's Role in the Destruction of Jews
end. "The more we suffier the more brilliant will be the revival of eter nal Germany." "I have sown good seed, I have implanted in the heart of the German people a proper un derstanding of its war of survival." Eichmann ~ Role (25 February). "In this cruel world in which we have been plunged in~ to two wars, only those white races in the Destruction of Jews will survive and prosper who know how to suffer, who have the courage to fight, even without hope, until By DR. J. KERMISCH death . .." This was the explanation offered by the criminal. But at that INCE the Nuremberg Trials-as Jundenfrage", and at the same time time others were explaining it quite the arraignment of twenty one was engaged in the complete imple differently. S leading war criminals before the In mentation of the plans, gave his or Among the handful of Jews still ternational Military Tribunal in that ders, as far was possible, orally. For surviving in these last months of the city is known-the world has be obvious reasons this method was al war, and who were still capable of come more closely acquainted with so adopted by other important Nazis thought, some pondered the reasons the name of SS Obersturmbann in carrying out their criminal plans. for the delaying of the end and of fUhrer Adolf Eichmann, "that sin In spite of this, however, there re death and destruction which that ister figure", as he was termed at mains a not inconsiderable body of delay spelt. They came to this con the time by the American Public written documents bearing Eich d1\sion: Prosecutor J ackson,-"upon whom mann's signature and touching upon "It is only right and just that the was laid the duty of destroying the this aspect of his work, which have Germans should prove obstinate Jews." After the names of the four survived. -
USHMM Finding
http://collections.ushmm.org Contact [email protected] for further information about this collection RG-50.862: EHRLICH COLLECTION - SUMMARY NOTES OF AUDIO FILES Introductory note by Anatol Steck, Project Director in the International Archival Programs Division of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum: These summary transcription notes of the digitized interviews recorded by Leonard and Edith Ehrlich in the 1970s as part of their research for their manuscript about the Jewish community leadership in Vienna and Theresienstadt during the Holocaust titled "Choices under Duress" are a work in progress. The project started in April 2016 and is ongoing. The summary notes are being typed while listening to the recordings in real time; this requires simultaneous translation as many of the interviews are in German, often using Viennese vernacular and/or Yiddish terms (especially in the case of the lengthy interview with Benjamin Murmelstein which the Ehrlichs recorded with Mr. and Mrs. Murmelstein over several days in their apartment in Rome and which constitutes a major part of this collection). The summary notes are intended as a tool and a finding aid for the researcher; researchers are strongly encouraged to consult the digitized recordings for accuracy and authenticity and not to rely solely on the summary notes. As much as possible, persons mentioned by name in the interviews are identified and described in the text; however, as persons are often referred to in the interviews only by last name, their identification is sometimes based on the context in which their names appear within the interview (especially in cases where different persons share the same last name). -
„Das Gesundheitswesen Im Ghetto Theresienstadt“ 1941 – 1945
Diplomarbeit Titel der Diplomarbeit „Das Gesundheitswesen im Ghetto Theresienstadt“ 1941 – 1945 Verfasser Wolfgang Schellenbacher angestrebter akademischer Grad Magister der Philosophie (Mag. Phil.) Wien, 2010 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt A 312 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt Geschichte Betreuerin: Univ.-Doz. Dr. Brigitte Bailer 1 Index 1. Einleitung ............................................................................................................................ 4 1.1 Aufbau der Arbeit ........................................................................................................................ 5 1.2 Quellenlage und Forschungsstand............................................................................................ 6 1.2.1 Literatur zur Ghettoselbstverwaltung............................................................................................12 2. Geschichte Theresienstadts...............................................................................................14 2.1 Planungen zur Errichtung des Ghettos Theresienstadt.....................................................14 2.2 Exkurs: Die Festung Theresienstadt ......................................................................................16 2.3 Sammel- und Durchgangslager für Juden aus dem „Protektorat“ (November 1941 bis Juni 1942)............................................................................................................................................18 2.4 Altersghetto..................................................................................................................................21 -
Nazi Concentration Camp Guard Service Equals "Good Moral Character"?: United States V
American University International Law Review Volume 12 | Issue 1 Article 3 1997 Nazi Concentration Camp Guard Service Equals "Good Moral Character"?: United States v. Lindert K. Lesli Ligomer Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/auilr Part of the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Ligorner, K. Lesli. "Nazi Concentration Camp Guard Service Equals "Good Moral Character"?: United States v. Lindert." American University International Law Review 12, no. 1 (1997): 145-193. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington College of Law Journals & Law Reviews at Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in American University International Law Review by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NAZI CONCENTRATION CAMP GUARD SERVICE EQUALS "GOODMORAL CHARACTER"?: UNITED STATES V. LINDERT By K Lesli Ligorner Fetching the newspaper from your porch, you look up and wave at your elderly neighbor across the street. This quiet man emigrated to the United States from Europe in the 1950s. Upon scanning the newspaper, you discover his picture on the front page and a story revealing that he guarded a notorious Nazi concen- tration camp. How would you react if you knew that this neighbor became a natu- ralized citizen in 1962 and that naturalization requires "good moral character"? The systematic persecution and destruction of innocent peoples from 1933 until 1945 remains a dark chapter in the annals of twentieth century history. Though the War Crimes Trials at Nilnberg' occurred over fifty years ago, the search for those who participated in Nazi-sponsored persecution has not ended. -
Private Kaltman by Michael Kaltman
HERITAGE THE JEWISH GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY OF ILLINOIS VOLUME XXVII • NUMBER I SPRING 2012 ‘Saving’ Private Kaltman by Michael Kaltman This discussion explores three sometimes overlooked sources of information about relatives who served in the United States military during World War I. As in the case cited below, this information can give a more complete picture of that relative than the more commonly cited genealogical resources can, thereby “saving” them from obscurity. As a bonus, the information also provides a plausible explanation for the Ellis Island ship manifests of Private Kaltman’s parents. Schmerke Kaltman came to America in 1910 on the re-internment in U.S. military cemeteries in France, and SS Estonia, sailing out of Libau, Russian Empire (now the program to repatriate the bodies of soldiers. Also, Liepaja, Latvia). He was approximately 18 years old Laskin has included extensive reference citations and was listed as a “Hairdresser.” His trip began on all aspects of the war, including divisional in Samokhvalovichi, a tiny settlement about histories. 12 miles south-southwest of Minsk, Belarus. Sometime after his arrival in Laskin’s direct writing style sparked a America, Schmerke Americanized renewed interest in finding out about his name to Samuel. From his Samuel. After surfing the Internet, I naturalization records and his WWI decided to start my search with the Draft Registration Card, we know three volume Soldiers of the Great that his complexion was “dark,” his War by Haulsee, Howe, and Doyle, height was 5 feet 5 inches, and he 1920. This enormous compendium had a “medium” build. He owned lists every soldier who lost his life a barbershop on Avenue B in New in the war.