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' Brookhaven National Laboratory ' BNL 364 (AS·g) i._leAl- JJt£ORMATIOIi OiVISIOJ BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY Allllutl'Beport J ..lgl~ 19Sa ] ] Associated Universiti~s,?lllc. under contract with the United States Atomic EnergyCoDlmission ADDua' Report Ju'" 1~ 1955 BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY Associated Universities, Inc. Upton, New York Brookhaven National Laboratory is operated under a contract between the United States Atomic Energy Commission and Associated Universities, Inc. This, the sixth in a series of unclassified Annual Reports, gives an account of the progress of the Laboratory during the period July 1, 1954 -June 30, 1955, and its plans for the future. It is submitted under the terms of Contract No. AT-30-2-GEN-16 between Associated Universities, Inc. and the Atomic Energy Commission. Previous reports in this series are: BNL 74 (AS-4) July 1, 1950 BNL 131 (AS-5) July 1, 1951 BNL 196 (AS-6) July 1, 1952 BNL 246 (AS-7) July 1, 1953 BNL 303 (AS-8) July 1, 1954 The Atomic Energy Commission makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy or usefuln~ of the information or statements contajn~ in this report, or that the us.e of any information, apparatus, ~thod or process disclosed in this re­ port may not infringe privately owned rights. The Commission assumes no liability with respect to the use of, or for damages resulting from the us.e of, any information, apparatus, method or process disclosed in this report. Reproduction of this information is encouraged by the United States Atomic Energy Commission. Arrangements for your republication of this document in whole or in part should be made with the author and the organization he represents. PRINTED IN USA PRICE 75 CENTS Available from the Office of Technical Services, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washmgton 25, D.C. March 1956 2200 copies CONTENTS INTRODUCTION VI1 PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING PHYSICS 1 ELECTRONICS ....... 18 ACCELERATORS 20 CHEMISTRY 29 ENGINEERING , " .. .. 46 LIFE SCIENCES BIOLOGy.............................................. 60 MEDICINE "" .. .. 71 TECHNICAL OPERAnONS AND SERVICES 80 ADMINISTRATION AND OPERAnONS 94 APPENDIX - A. UNCLASSIFIED PUBLICATIONS, JULY 1, 1954 - JUNE 30, 1955 105 B. OFFICERS AND ScIENTIFIC STAFF 121 Brookhaven National Laboratory is operated by The officers of AUI are shown on the organization Associated Universities, Inc. under contract with the chart for the Laboratory (Figure 1). AUI has ap­ United States Atomic Energy Commission. Nine pointed five visiting committees to Brookhaven Na­ northeastern universities .sponsor Associated Univer­ tional Laboratory to provide a continuing independ­ sities, Inc. Two representatives from each univer­ ent evaluation of the research program of the Lab­ sity, one an administrative officer of the University oratory. These visiting committees cover the fields and the other a scientist, join together to form the of biology, chemistry, engineering, medicine, and Board of Trustees of AUI. The composition of the physics, and members report annually to the Board Board as of July 1955 is shown in the table below. of Trustees. BOARD OF TRUSTEES of ASSOCIATED UNIVERSITIES, INC. As of June 30, 1955 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY Frank D. Fackenthal (Honorary) George B. Pegram I. I. Rabi CORNELL UNIVERSITI' Theodore P. Wright Franklin A. Long HARVARD UNIVERSITY Edward Reynolds Harvey Brooks JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY P. Stewart Macaulay William D. McElroy MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Edward L. Cochrane Jerrold R. Zacharias PRINCETON UNIVERSITY George A. Brakeley Joseph c. Elgin UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. Carl C. Chambers Francis C. Wood UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER LaRoy B. Thompson William S. McCann YALE UNIVERSITY C. Hamilton Sanford, Jr. William W. Watson COMMITTEES TO VISIT THE DEPARTMENTS OF BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT Raymond E. Zirkle, Chairman Sanford S. Atwood University of Oticago Cornell University J. Walter Wilson Sterling B. Hendricks Brown University us D ·of Dr. John T. Edsall Elmer G. Butler Harvard University Princeton University CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT Joseph W. Kennedy, Chairman Joseph E. Mayer Washington University University of OJicago George B. Kistiakowsky Paul D. Bartlett Harvard University Harvard University Ralph S. Halford Charles D. Coryell Columbia University Massachusetts Institute of Technology MEDICAL DEPARTMENT G. Failla, Chairman Joseph T. Wearn Columbia University Western Reserve University A. Baird Hastings Joseph c. Hinsey Harvard University The New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center Russell H. Morgan Frank L. Horsfall, Jr. The Johns Hopkins Hospital The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research ENGINEERING DEPARTMENTS Thomas B. Drew, Chairman Alvin M. Weinberg Columbia University Oak Ridge National Laboratory Augustus B. Kinzel Lyle B. Borst Union Carbide & Carbon Research Laboratories, Inc. New York University Philip Sporn Cyril Stanley Smith American Gas & Electric Company University of OJicago PHYSICS DEPARTMENT Eugene T. Booth, Chairman Samuel K. Allison Nevis Cyclotron Laboratories University of Chicago Hans A. Bethe Frederick Seitz Cornell University University of Illinois Victor F. Weisskopf E. M. Purcell Massachusetts Institute of Technology Harvard University .. ..,;> • .....'.'" • ' .. " , .. ..... • ~ . " , : _~_:. ...:,.-::.......,,-.... •• ~. ,.;1__~_~.. ~::- .. ~ ~\.. ~ ~ ••• _••:--.. ;..••• " .;.••_:. ••" t ._..tI • ..,. _ . 0 •• .. • ~~..,&;;._ .'t'.. '._~" ~~ _0 •_ ••.• _ .. _ •. _-":'0- - . •• _. .. •• .. •••._ ••'.6'". .. .... .. ' ",,.0 _. _. _ ... , " 0° ....... #' eO .... _ .._.__-..&... ....--;.._----r,."r-'-- _ -'. ' ,.,,,-- ..... .,...!;,...;=J':........ - ...... _ ~ -. '.. ~ . '. ~'. ~-'-......._.- -~_.... .............--.. .. I A • .0 . •" I ' 1 ... .. ;.=:;.,~:;..:.:~ _:. 1 :. .. ::...==~ ';":-'::.:"':'::' ::::.:.a-;~ ~~:~ ..;,._ : '. ~ . ' .. ' .. 0 "t'. : • , • • I> ••• .:<;&"'T,~ :.:.'-'-'.':".-:'- -;-;~._-; ..- - .. ,.~.-.-.. ~.. ".: ... " • • ' • ....... Picture taken at the Cosmotron with a University of Mich­ igan Bubble Chamber. Cosmotron particles, entering from the left, leave tracks of tiny bubbles in the almost boiling liquid, The photograph demonstrates how this recently in. vented technique may show, in one picture, several collisions and interactions of fast Cosmotron particles with atomic nuclei of the liquid. INTRODUCTION o This annual report of Brookhaven National Lab­ It was reported last year that the demand for op­ oratory describes its program and activities for the erating time at the Cosmotron was increasing. This fiscal year 1955. The progress and trends of the is still true. The 6 months' shutdown aggravated the research program are presented along with a descrip- situation. Upon completion of the repairs, operatjon tion of the operational, service and administrative on a 24-hour, 5-day schedule was initiated. Even activities of the Laboratory. The scientific and tech­ this schedule has not satisfied the demand from both nicaldetails of the many research and development Brookhaven scientists and from the many university activities are covered more fully in scientific and scientists participating in the high energy research technical periodicals and in the quarterly scientific program. The Laboratory is continuing to try to progress reports and other special reports of the Lab­ meet this demand through more efficient operation oratory. (The record of publications since 1946 is and machine use. The fraction of effective operating shown in Figure 2.) Hence the activities of the Lab­ time (for research) as measured against scheduled oratory service organizations are treated more fully time is now 80 percent and probably· cannot be in­ in this report, whereas research activities are cov­ creased substantially. Lack of duplicate equipment ered in summary. and restrictions on space cause excessive down time while rearrangements of experimental equipment are being made. The need for a greater floor area has PRESENT RESEARCH FACILITIES been recognized (FY 1957 budget request-Cosmo­ The Laboratory's Cosmotron, a 3-Bev proton­ tron Target Area). This increase would permit large synchrotron, and the nuclear reactor continue to sup­ experimental arrays to remain in place throughout port the major fraction of the research effort. the duration of a given experiment and reduce down Unfortunately, the Cosmotron broke down on time. Also, several compatible experiments could November 5, 1954 and use of the machine for re­ then be operated simultaneously. The effectiveness search did not get under way again until April of of the Cosmotron would be greatly increased thereby. 1955. A short circuit developed in the magnet wind­ It must be remembered that the Brookhaven Cos­ ing of quadrant number 2 and resulted in the melt­ motron and the Berkeley Bevatron are the only heavy ing of some copper on one bar and damage to adja­ particle accelerators now operating in the billion cent conductors. This necessitated practically com­ electron volt range in the United States. No other plete dismantling of the damaged quadrant, the re­ US accelerators will be operating in this energy pair or replacement of conductors and their assem­ range before 1959, so that it is imperative that max· bly. This misfortune, costly in terms of lost research imum use be made of existing machines. Research time, was not without its gains. The enforced shut­ priorities will undoubtedly have to be continued. down period was used to make modifications which The Brookhaven nuclear reactor continued its very would permit increased usefulness of the machine.
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