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Marta Tesis Version Final View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repositori d'Objectes Digitals per a l'Ensenyament la Recerca i la Cultura Universitat de València Facultad de Derecho Departamento de Filosofía del Derecho, Moral y Política “Los crímenes de honor en las sociedades islámicas dentro de la Unión Europea”. TESIS DOCTORAL PRESENTADA POR: Marta Szygendowska DIRIGIDA POR: Dra. Margarita Soler Sánchez Dr. Joaquín Martín Cubas Valencia, 2014 A mis padres, por sus sacrificios, paciencia y apoyo en cada decisión. Gracias a vosotros he llegado hasta aquí. Moim Rodzicom, za po świ ęcenie, cierpliwo ść i wsparcie w ka żdej decyzji. Dzi ęki Wam udało mi si ę dotrze ć do ko ńca. Agradecimientos En primer lugar, quiero dar las gracias a los Directores de tesis, Dra. Margarita Soler Sánchez y Dr. Joaquín Martín Cubas, por su inestimable ayuda y apoyo durante los últimos dos años y medio de la realización de esta tesis. A mis padres, por los años de paciencia y por haberme enseñado que lo imposible no existe. A Elena Martínez-Zaporta Aréchaga, una excelente abogada, mi mentora en el mundo del derecho pero, sobre todo, una gran amiga, por sus sabios consejos y ayuda a lo largo de los años. Gracias a Paola Silva Oviedo y Enrique Acosta-Pumarejo, unos grandes abogados, mis compañeros universitarios y amigos, por el entusiasmo transmitido, apoyo y horas pasadas en conversaciones de las que he aprendido mucho. A Eduard Martínez Guaita, por su amistad y apoyo incondicional, aunque lejos, en todas las etapas de mi vida. ÍNDICE ABREVIATURAS .............................................................................................. VI INTRODUCCIÓN, OBJETO Y METODOLOGÍA ............................................. 1 CAPÍTULO 1. CRÍMENES DE HONOR-ASPECTO GENERAL ................... 12 1.1. Significado de crímenes de honor................................................. 14 1.1.1. La relación entre el patriarcado y la violencia contra la mujer ................................................................................. 20 1.1.2. Definición de honor .............................................................. 24 1.1.3. Origen de los crímenes de honor .......................................... 29 1.1.4. Motivos de crímenes de honor.............................................. 32 1.2. Crímenes de honor y crímenes de pasión ..................................... 37 1.3. Circunstancias culturales, religiosas y legales .............................. 39 1.3.1. Aspecto cultural .................................................................... 40 1.3.2. Aspecto religioso .................................................................. 43 1.3.3. Aspecto legal ........................................................................ 46 CAPÍTULO 2. EL ESTATUTO DE LAS MUJERES EN EL ISLAM .............. 53 2.1. La situación de las mujeres en la península arábiga en la época pre- y postislámica ........................................................................ 54 2.1.1. Las mujeres en las civilizaciones antiguas ........................... 54 2.1.2 La mujer en la época preislámica ........................................ 56 2.1.3 La mujer en la época postislámica ........................................ 61 2.2. El estatuto de la mujer en el Corán ............................................... 65 2.3. Los derechos de la mujer en el Islam: aspecto general ................ 69 I 2.3.1. La mujer como hija ............................................................... 70 2.3.2. La mujer como madre ........................................................... 73 2.3.3. La mujer como esposa .......................................................... 76 2.4. La igualdad entre el hombre y la mujer y la discriminación de las mujeres en el Islam ............................................................. 84 2.4.1. La igualdad ........................................................................... 85 2.4.2. La discriminación ................................................................. 91 2.5. La protección jurídica de las mujeres en los países musulmanes .................................................................................. 98 CAPÍTULO 3. LOS CRÍMENES DE HONOR COMO VIOLACIÓN DE LOS DERECHOS FUNDAMENTALES PROTEGIDOS POR EL SISTEMA INTERNACIONAL : ASPECTO LEGAL Y JURÍDICO ................................ 105 3.1. Obligación de proteger el derecho a la vida con arreglo al derecho internacional ................................................................................ 108 3.1.1. Derecho a la vida en el sistema universal (ONU): Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos y Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos .......................................... 112 3.1.2. Derecho a la vida en el sistema europeo: El Convenio Europeo para la protección de los Derechos Humanos y Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea ............................................................................... 116 3.1.3. La responsabilidad de los Estados de proteger la vida en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos ............................................................. 120 3.2. Derecho a la igualdad y a la no discriminación .......................... 129 3.2.1. Derecho a la igualdad y a la no discriminación en el sistema universal (ONU): Declaración Universal de los Derechos II Humanos, Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos y Pacto Internacional de Derechos Económicos, Sociales y Culturales .......................................................... 133 3.2.1.1. Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre la Eliminación de todas formas de discriminación contra la mujer ....................................................................... 141 3.2.2. Derecho a la igualdad y a la no discriminación en el sistema europeo: Convenio Europeo para la Protección de los Derechos Humanos y de las Libertades Fundamentales y Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea ............................................................................... 147 3.2.2.1. El principio de igualdad y no discriminación en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos y el Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea ................................................... 152 3.3. Crímenes de honor en el contexto de la violencia de género ..... 159 3.3.1. La violencia contra las mujeres como forma de violación de los derechos fundamentales ........................................... 163 3.3.2. Jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos relativa al problema de la violencia contra la mujer en el ámbito internacional ................................................... 167 CAPÍTULO 4. CRÍMENES DE HONOR EN LAS COMUNIDADES MIGRANTES EN EUROPA ............................................................................ 175 4.1. Comunidades islámicas en Europa ................................................ 175 4.1.1. La inmigración musulmana contemporánea en Europa: un breve análisis .................................................................. 180 III 4.2. Crímenes de honor en Europa Occidental .................................. 190 4.2.1. Francia ................................................................................. 194 4.2.1.1. Población musulmana en Francia ............................... 196 4.2.1.2. Datos relevantes sobre los crímenes de honor en Francia .................................................................... 198 4.2.1.3. Legislación .................................................................. 201 4.2.1.4. Protección y prevención ............................................. 203 4.2.2. Alemania ............................................................................. 205 4.2.2.1. Población musulmana en Alemania ........................... 208 4.2.2.2. Datos relevantes sobre los crímenes de honor en Alemania ................................................................ 211 4.2.2.3. Legislación .................................................................. 213 4.2.2.4. Protección y prevención ............................................. 216 4.2.3. Reino Unido ....................................................................... 218 4.2.3.1. Población musulmana en el Reino Unido .................. 222 4.2.3.2. Datos relevantes sobre los crímenes de honor el Reino Unido ............................................................ 225 4.2.3.3. Legislación .................................................................. 230 4.2.3.4. Protección y prevención ............................................. 234 4.2.4. España ................................................................................. 237 4.2.4.1. Población musulmana en España ............................... 239 4.2.4.2. Datos relevantes sobre los crímenes de honor en España .................................................................... 242 4.2.4.3. Legislación .................................................................. 245 4.2.4.4. Protección y prevención ............................................. 251 IV CAPÍTULO 5. INSTRUMENTOS Y MEDIDAS APLICADAS RELATIVAS A LA CUESTIÓN DE VIOLENCIA DE GÉNERO EN EL ÁMBITO DE LA UNIÓN EUROPEA ......................................................................................... 256 5.1. Actos jurídicos y medidas aplicadas por las instituciones de la Unión Europea referidos al problema de violencia de género ....................................................................................
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