Emu 2014 © BirdLife Australia 2014 © BirdLife Australia 2014 doi:10.1071/MU14033_AC

Supplementary material: Emu, 2014, 114(4), 343–351

Frugivory and seed dispersal role of the Yellow-striped Brush-Finch (Atlapetes citrinellus), an endemic emberizid of Argentina

Román A. RuggeraA,B,D, M. Daniela GomezA,C and Pedro G. BlendingerA,B

AConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Crisóstomo Álvarez 722, 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.

BInstituto de Ecología Regional, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, C.C. 34, 4107 Yerba Buena, Tucumán, Argentina.

CFacultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Alberdi 47, 4600 San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina.

DCorresponding author. Email: [email protected]

Page 1 of 9 Emu 2014 © BirdLife Australia 2014 © BirdLife Australia 2014 doi:10.1071/MU14033_AC

Fig. S1. The location of the Austral Yungas in north-western Argentina, and our field study sites. 1, Chorro de Loros (24°43′45.6′′S, 64°40′30′′W , 1020 m ASL); 2, Pozo Verde (24°45′24′′S, 64°41′38.4′′W, 1309 m ASL); 3, Santa Bárbara (24°05′53.4′′S, 64°26′56.4′′W, 1870 m ASL); 4, San Javier (26°76′S, 65°33′W, 900 m ASL); 5, La Florida (27°13′37.2′′S, 65°37′28.2′′W, 455 m ASL); 6, Los Chorizos (27°15′S, 65°53′19.8′′W, 1120 m ASL); 7, Quebrada del Portugués (27°01′46.2′′S, 65°46′26.4′′W, 1584 m ASL). Modified with permission from Fundación Proyungas (http://siga.proyungas.org.ar/wp- content/uploads/2013/12/Sectores-Yungas-y-protecci%C3%B3n.jpg, accessed 2 June 2012).

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Emu 2014 © BirdLife Australia 2014 © BirdLife Australia 2014 doi:10.1071/MU14033_AC

Table S1. List of bird species considered as fruit consumers Species of bird recorded eating fruit during systematic observations during November–February from 2008–09 to 2011–12 at seven localities in the Austral Yungas, north-western Argentina. An x denotes occurrence of a species. Forest type: B, basal montane forest; M, myrtaceous montane forest; C, cloud forest. Latitude shown by sector: southern sector, middle sector. Nomenclature and classification follow that of the South American Classification Committee, coordinated by the American Ornithologists’ Union (http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm, accessed 31 March 2014)

Order Family Species Forest type Sector B M C Southern Middle Galliformes Cracidae obscura x x x x x Columbiformes Columbidae Leptotila megalura x x x x x Patagioenas fasciata x x Trogoniformes Trogonidae Trogon curucui x x Piciformes Ramphastidae Ramphastos toco x x x Passeriformes Tyrannidae Elaenia albiceps x x x x x Elaenia obscura x x x x x Elaenia parvirostris x x x x Elaenia strepera x x x x x Myiodynastes maculatus x x x x x Pachyramphus validus x x x Corvidae Cyanocorax chrysops x x x x x Turdidae Turdus amaurochalinus x x Turdus chiguanco x x Turdus nigriceps x x x x x Turdus rufiventris x x x x x Catharus dryas x x x Catharus ustulatus x x x x x Vireonidae Vireo olivaceus x x x x x Cyclarhis gujanensis x x x x x Thraupidae Pipraeidea melanonota x x x x x Pipraeidea bonariensis x x Poospiza erythrophrys x x x x x Thlypopsis ruficeps x x x Thlypopsis sordida x x x x x Thraupis sayaca x x x x x Incertae sedis Saltator aurantiirostris x x x x Emberizidae Arremon flavirostris x x x Arremon torquatus x x x x Atlapetes cirtinellus x x x x x Chlorospingus flavopectus x x x x x Zonotrichia capensis x x x x Cardinalidae Pheucticus aureoventris x x x x Piranga flava x x x Icteridae Cacicus chrysopterus x x x Fringillidae Euphonia chlorotica x x x x Euphonia cyanocephala x x x x

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Emu 2014 © BirdLife Australia 2014 doi:10.1071/MU14033_AC

Table S2. Records of fruit consumption and fruit-handling by Yellow-striped Brush-Finches Number of records are the number of interactions observed during field work at each locality. Forest types: B, basal montane forest; M, myrtaceous montane forest; C, cloud forest; forest type not identified for published studies. Fruit handling methods: PS, pluck and swallow; CM, cut or mash; B, bite (see Methods); method not identified for published studies. Under Source: SO, systematic observations made during the present study; F–IO, seeds found in faeces or observed eaten during incidental observations during the present study; other sources as cited

Fruit species Family Number Locality Forest Fruit-handling Source of records type method parlatorei 9 San Javier C CM F–IO Peperomia sp. Piperaceae 1 San Javier – – Giannini (1999) 2 San Javier B F–IO Duchesnea indica 1 Quebrada del Portugués C CM SO 2 San Javier – – Giannini (1999) ulmifolius Rosaceae 10 Los Chorizos M B SO 1 Los Chorizos M F–IO Rubus imperialis Rosaceae 1 La Florida B SO 1 San Javier – – Giannini (1999) Morus alba Moraceae 1 San Javier B F–IO Scutia buxifolia Rhamnaceae 1 Pozo Verde M SO Celtis iguanaea Cannabaceae 1 San Javier B F–IO Urera baccifera Urticaceae 1 San Javier B F–IO Myrcianthes mato Myrtaceae 1 Los Chorizos M F–IO 1 Santa Bárbara C SO Myrcianthes pseudomato Myrtaceae 1 Los Chorizos M SO 1 San Javier – – Giannini (1999) Schinus gracilipes Anacardiaceae 99 Quebrada del Portugués C CM SO Allophylus edulis Sapindaceae 4 Los Chorizos M CM SO Phoradendron sp. Santalaceae 6 San Javier – – Giannini (1999) 3 La Florida B CM SO Muehlenbeckia tamnifolia Polygonaceae 7 Quebrada del Portugués C SO 2 Santa Bárbara C SO altissima 1 San Javier B F–IO 2 La Florida B SO

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Emu 2014 © BirdLife Australia 2014 doi:10.1071/MU14033_AC

Fruit species Family Number Locality Forest Fruit-handling Source of records type method Rhipsalis lumbricoides Cactaceae 1 San Javier B F–IO Rhipsalis floccosa Cactaceae 1 San Javier B F–IO Myrsine coriacea Myrsinaceae 15 Los Chorizos M PS SO Psychotria carthagenensis Rubiaceae 27 San Javier B CM F–IO Citharexylum joergensenii Verbenaceae 2 Santa Bárbara C SO Cestrum kunthii Solanaceae 19 Quebrada del Portugués C CM SO Cestrum lorentzianum Solanaceae 4 Los Chorizos M CM SO Cestrum strigillatum Solanaceae 2 Los Chorizos M SO Salpichroa sp. Solanaceae 1 Quebrada del Portugués C SO Solanum aligerum Solanaceae 1 Santa Bárbara C F–IO 2 Santa Bárbara C SO 4 Quebrada del Portugués C SO Solanum aloysiifolium Solanaceae 1 Los Chorizos M B SO Vassobia breviflora Solanaceae 1 San Javier – – Giannini (1999) Sambucus nigra Adoxaceae 2 Los Chorizos M CM, B SO 4 Santa Bárbara C SO 1 Pozo Verde M PS SO 9 Quebrada del Portugués C PS SO Unidentified Unidentified 1 San Javier – – Giannini (1999)

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Emu 2014 © BirdLife Australia 2014 © BirdLife Australia 2014 doi:10.1071/MU14033_AC

Table S3. species recorded with ripe fruit Plant species recorded with ripe fruit from all 50-m strip-transects conducted during November– February from 2008–09 to 2011–12 at seven localities in the Austral Yungas, north-western Argentina. Biomass is the total weight of dry pulp for each species per area of transect per stratum in which most of each fruit crop located: U, understorey, with most fruit <5 m above the ground; C, canopy, most fruit >5 m. Plant species not observed to be eaten during systematic observations are indicated with an asterisk (*); plant species observed to be eaten by Yellow- striped Brush-Finches during systematic observations are indicated in bold; remaining fruit species were observed to be eaten by frugivores other than Yellow-striped Brush-Finches. Nomenclature and classification follow the Instituto de Botánica Darwinion (http://www2.darwin.edu.ar/Proyectos/FloraArgentina/Especies.asp, accessed 31 March 2014)

Order Family Species Biomass Stratum (g ha–1) Podocarpaceae Podocarpus parlatorei 9.4 C Laurales Lauraceae Cinnamomum porphyrium 383.5 C Ocotea puberula* 1.8 C Piperales Piperaceae Piper hieronymi* 1536.3 U Piper tucumanum 1043.4 U Liliales Smilacaceae Smilax campestris* 0.2 U Poales Bromeliaceae Aechmea distichantha 319.8 C Ranunculales Menispermaceae Berberis cf. commutata 5.9 U Cissampelos pareira* 0.1 U Vitales Vitaceae Cissus striata 49.9 C Malpighiales Salicaceae Azara salicifolia 0.4 C Rosaceae Duchesnea indica 40 U Prunus tucumanensis 39.7 C Rubus imperialis 109.8 U Rubus ulmifolius 624.1 U Moraceae Morus alba 226 C Rhamnaceae Rhamnus sphaerosperma 188.4 C Scutia buxifolia 41.9 U Cannabaceae Celtis ehrenbergiana 0.2 C Celtis iguanaea* 0.5 C Urticaceae Urera baccifera 1.3 U Urera caracasana 0.8 U Myrtales Myrtaceae Amomyrtella güili 34.5 C Blepharocalix salicifolius 1284.7 C Eugenia uniflora 74 U Myrcianthes mato 81.4 C Myrcianthes pseudomato 520.2 C Myrcianthes pungens 10 C Anacardiaceae Schinus gracilipes 126.3 U Sapindaceae Allophylus edulis 816.9 C Cupania vernalis 28.9 C coco 3.2 C Santalales Santalaceae Phoradendron sp. 89 C Polygonaceae Muehlenbeckia tamnifolia 128 C Achatocarpaceae Achatocarpus praecox* 2.6 C Amaranthaceae Chamissoa altissima 8.4 U Phytolaccaceae Phytolacca bogotensis* 5.5 U Rivina humilis* 0.6 U Cactaceae Pfeiffera ianthothele* 1 C

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Emu 2014 © BirdLife Australia 2014 © BirdLife Australia 2014 doi:10.1071/MU14033_AC

Order Family Species Biomass Stratum (g ha–1) Rhipsalis floccosa 125.3 C Rhipsalis lorentziana 8.5 C Rhipsalis lumbricoides 3.5 C Rhipsalis monacantha* 1.2 C Ericales Myrsinaceae Myrsine coriacea 449 C Styracaceae Styrax subargenteus 6.3 U Boraginales Boraginaceae Tournefortia lilloi 133.7 U Gentianales Rubiaceae Hoffmannia australis* 0.1 U Psychotria carthagenensis 755.1 U Randia micracantha* 931.41 U Lamiales Oleaceae Ligustrum sinense* 59.8 U Verbenaceae Citharexylum joergensenii 348.7 C Duranta serratifolia 46.2 C Solanales Solanaceae Cestrum kunthii 40.3 U Cestrum lorentzianum 193.8 U Cestrum strigillatum 69.6 U Salpichroa sp. 7.6 U Solanum aligerum 2640.6 U Solanum aloysiifolium 2.6 U Solanum cf. americanum 1.8 U Solanum delitescens* 55.1 U Solanum riparium 381.4 C Solanum symmetricum* 2.1 U Solanum tenuispinum* 115.2 U Solanum indet. sp. 1 20 U Solanum indet. sp. 2 20 U Solanum indet. sp. 3 5.5 U Vassobia breviflora 470.1 U Apiales Araliaceae Aralia soratensis* 1.5 C Dipsacales Adoxaceae Sambucus nigra 104.8 U Viburnum seemenii 10.5 U

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Emu 2014 © BirdLife Australia 2014 doi:10.1071/MU14033_AC

Table S4. Mean weight of seeds, number of seeds per fruit and, where known, notes on the fate of seeds of fruit species eaten by Yellow-striped Brush-Finches in the Argentinean Yungas forests Fruit plant Weight of seeds Seeds per fruit Notes (mg) Myrcianthes mato 250.0 1.4 Celtis iguanaea 170.9 1 Myrcianthes pseudomato 105.3 1.1 Seed recorded in one faecal sample Allophylus edulis 64.6 1 One fruit was plucked and taken away where pulp was eaten and seed was discarded Podocarpus parlatorei 42.5 1 Four fruits were first mashed and then swallowed with seeds; seeds were dropped from two fruits; two other fruits were plucked and eaten in other Citharexylum joergensenii 35.9 2 Myrsine coriacea 23.0 1 Three fruits were swallowed Schinus gracilipes 21.4 1 Nine fruits were first mashed and then swallowed with seeds; seeds were discarded from four fruits; peel was discarded from five fruits but seeds were swallowed Scutia buxifolia 17.3 2.8 Psychotria carthagenensis 8.3 2 Seeds were dropped from two fruits Cestrum kunthii 5.9 6.9 Discarded the peel from two fruits, but some seeds were swallowed Cestrum strigillatum 6.1 3 Urera baccifera 5.5 1 Muehlenbeckia tamnifolia 5.2 1 Cestrum lorentzianum 3.5 7.2 One fruit was plucked and eaten in another tree; some seeds were swallowed Phoradendron sp. 2.6 1 Seeds recorded in six faecal samples; three fruits observed to be plucked, mashed and then swallowed along with seeds Sambucus nigra 1.6 4.5 One fruit was picked and eaten in other tree; another fruit was pecked without being plucked; three fruits were swallowed Solanum aligerum 1.9 42.5 Seed recorded in one faecal sample Chamissoa altissima 2.1 1 Vassobia breviflora 0.6 33.4 Seed recorded in one faecal sample Rubus imperialis 0.9 80.8 Seeds recorded in one faecal sample Solanum aloysiifolium 0.2 58.1 Pecked pulp without plucking the fruit; some seeds were swallowed Rhipsalis lumbricoides 0.2 51.7 Rhipsalis floccosa 0.2 20.8 Duchesnea indica 0.3 Half of one fruit was swallowed (along with seeds), and the other half taken away; seeds recorded in two faecal samples Peperomia sp. 0.3 Seed recorded in one faecal sample Rubus ulmifolius 0.9 Seeds recorded in one faecal sample; one fruit was pecked at from a perch without being plucked, and the seeds were swallowed. Morus alba 0.9

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Emu 2014 © BirdLife Australia 2014 © BirdLife Australia 2014 doi:10.1071/MU14033_AC

Reference Giannini, N. P. (1999). La interacción de aves-murciélagos-plantas en el sistema de frugivoría y dispersión de semillas en San Javier, Tucumán, Argentina. Ph.D. Thesis, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.

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