ARE WE AWARE OF ?? © All rights reserved. T.R. Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, October 2012, Ankara. Quotes are allowed providing citation.

Reference: MoEU, 2012. Are We Aware of Climate Change? Publication of the Preparing 's 2nd National Communication on Climate Change Project, 20 pg.

ISBN: 978-605-5294-03-8

T.R. Ministry of Environment and Urbanization General Directorate of Environmental Management, Department of Climate Change Ehlibeyt Mah. Ceyhun Atuf Kansu Cad. 1271. Sok. No: 13 06520 Balgat – Ankara TURKEY Tel: +90 (312) 586 3000 • Fax: +90 (312) 474 0318 http://www.iklim.gov.tr • e-mail: [email protected]

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Birlik Mah. 415. Cad. No: 11 06610 Çankaya - Ankara TURKEY Tel: +90 (312) 454 1100 • Fax: +90 (312) 496 1463 http://www.undp.org.tr

Survey Company: AKADEMETRE Research and Strategic Planning Editors: Deniz Şilliler Tapan, Öznur Oğuz Kuntasal Graphical Design: Iris Communication Solutions

This publication was prepared within the scope of "Enabling Activities for the Preparation of Turkey’s Second National Communication to the UNFCCC Project" which is carried out in coordination with the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, implemented by the United Nations Development Programme and supported by the Global Environment Facility (GEF).

This document shall not be considered as an official document of T.R. Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, GEF and United Nations. ARE WE AWARE OF CLIMATE CHANGE? i

PREFACE Climate change is one of the most important environmental problems that humanity faces today. The devastating effects of climate change not only influences ecological life but also directly influences the fields related to economy, energy, industry investments, social life and law. Climate change affects every phase of our life, principally physical and natural environment today. For our country, which is located in one of the most climate change-sensitive areas that is Mediterranean Basin, it is impossible to imagine not being affected by this change lived at global scale or not taking climate change into consideration. Our country's main goal within the scope of the combating climate change is to take part in international efforts in accordance with sustainable development policies within the framework of principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and Turkey's special conditions. In order to provide welfare and high living standards to all its citizens with a low carbon density, Turkey aims to promote energy efficiency, to increase the use of renewable energy resources and to integrate climate change policies into development policies For these purposes, many projects and studies on combating climate change are carried out in Turkey by public institutions, private sector and non-governmental organizations. Making these projects attain their goals and increasing the effectiveness of combating climate change depends on public awareness and consciousness on combating climate change. It is very important to make the perception of “climate change is a problem affecting every field of our life which should be fought against" widespread for fighting against the problem individually and nationally. Targets and actions are listed in National Climate Change Strategy, a road map for fighting against climate change that is accepted in 2010, and in Climate Change Action Plan, which is prepared in line with this road map by considering the importance of education and public awareness in every segment of the society. Actions for realizing these targets and actions are still ongoing. This document which was prepared within the scope of the Second National Communication Project that is carried out in cooperation with our Ministry, United Nations Development Programme and Global Environment Facility, is a basis for attaining our goals for fighting against climate change. Taking into consideration the importance of identifying shortcomings and needs about awareness rising, this survey aims at identifying consciousness and awareness level of the society in our country, which is sensitive to the effects of climate change. I wish that this work provides basis for future works to increase effectiveness of awareness studies, improve awareness of the society and increase individual, regional and national efforts for combating climate change. I thank every person who took part in this work.

Mehmet Baş General Manager ii ARE WE AWARE OF CLIMATE CHANGE? 1

Public Awareness on Climate Change 1. in Turkey

Awareness raising is the first step for making people act and re-think on their behavioral patterns. Change is only possible if awareness is supported by knowledge. Public awareness and consciousness is very important for combating climate change which directly affects all the sectors and human life with its economic and social dimensions. Education, consciousness and awareness raising studies for climate change started when Turkey became a party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 2004, and accelerated after the publication of Turkey's First National Communication to Climate Change in 2007. Education, training and awareness raising studies on climate change, which is defined in Article 6 of the UNFCCC and Article 10 of the Kyoto Protocol, are carried out within the Change is New Delhi Work Program for five years between 2003 and 2007 (Decision 11/CP8) and only possible Decision to Amend New Delhi Work Program (Decision 11/CP8) and the program extended if awareness is to include the 5-year period between 2008 and 2012. There are some changes in the new supported by plan with the second 5-year period. Education, public awareness, public participation in the process, international cooperation and public access to information are gained more knowledge. importance in the new plan. Improvements of regional and international cooperation are also remarkable in the plan. After Turkey became a party to the UNFCCC, REC Turkey was appointed as New Delhi Work Program National Focus Point between 2005 and 2007. Ministry of Environment and Urbanization General Directorate of Environmental Management was appointed as New Delhi Work Program National Focus Point starting from 2008. Work has been continuing with cooperation of Department of Climate Change and Department of Education and Publications. Strategy and actions on education, awareness raising, capacity development and consciousness were listed in documents, such as National Climate Change Strategy, National Action Plan on Climate Change, National Adaptation Strategy and Action Plan for Climate Change, Action Plan and Energy Efficiency Strategy prepared by Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources. These documents are directly linked to climate change and prepared in coordination with Ministry of Environment and Urbanization and with the participation of central, regional and local public institutions and organizations, private sector representatives, non-governmental organizations and academic institutions. National Climate Change Strategy which was approved by Higher Board of Planning on 3rd May 2010 for the period of 2010-2020 has medium-term goals as below;

► Decreasing the effects of climate change and increasing public awareness and institutional capacity for the adaptation to the process,

► Active participation in negotiations for establishing a comprehensive and functional international cooperation mechanism in efforts for combating and adapting to climate change, 2

► Raising public awareness for being able to change consumption patterns into climate- friendly patterns with the common efforts of all segments of the society such as public, private sector, universities and non-governmental organizations. Establishing "Climate Change Research Institute" with the purpose of encouraging scientific studies on climate change and conducting studies at national and regional level for climate change are described as long-term goals in the strategy document. Climate Change National Action Plan (2011-2023) published in July 2011 targeting the implementation of Climate Change National Strategy Document includes actions for organizing activities on developing institutional capacity and raising awareness for combating and adaptation. Determining the educational needs of Coordination Board on Climate Change (CBCC) members related to climate change; preparing and implementing capacity development programs; organizing institutional trainings about the adaptation to climate change's effects and the situation in Turkey in all the ministries; providing participation in the process of adaptation to climate change at local and regional level; and preparing programs for raising public awareness can be considered among the priority actions. Many trainings and awareness raising studies were realized by central public institutions, local administrations, universities, non-governmental organizations and private sector by considering the requirements of New Delhi Work Program. These studies which are not connected and independent from each other and have been carried out without having a complete relation with climate change were examined in details in the Education and Approximately Awareness Raising section of Turkey's Second National Communication Report. A serious 15 million increase is observed in the studies conducted within the scope of both New Delhi Work people are Program and National Climate Change Strategy since the First Climate Change Strategy, presented in 2007. This is mainly due to the active and constant participation of Turkey thought to be in international climate negotiation processes. For instance, media organizations prepare accessed by special programs about climate change and this may be effective in increasing public awareness awareness. There are also studies of non-governmental organizations about the effects raising studies of climate change and adaptation besides the studies of private sector for reducing green which have house gas emissions and adaptation to climate change in order to raise awareness. Even though some important projects about the effects of climate change on water sources, been realized ecosystem services and agriculture were realized and despite the ongoing studies, there since 2007, is still the need of strengthening participatory processes in Turkey for adaptation to climate when Turkey's change. Moreover, education programs are developed and implemented by universities First National and research institutions and awareness raising studies targeting related public institutions Communication and public are realized. Report was The protection of environment and improving public awareness on environment in Turkey published. is defined in Environment Law No. 2872 (Adopted: 9/8/1983; Revised: 26/4/2006) and this issue is present in the legislation of some related institutions and organizations. The Environment Law mentions about inserting issues about environment in curriculums of formal education institutions of Ministry of National Education starting from pre-school education and TV programs about the importance of environment which can serve for improving public awareness on environment. For this purpose, Ministry of Environment and Urbanization and Ministry of National Education have cooperated and climate change is also addressed in the studies conducted for environment education

İklim Değişikliği Konusunda ARE WE AWARE OF CLIMATE CHANGE? 3

Public Awareness on 2. Climate Change Survey

In order to assess the current level of public awareness on climate change as well as progress in and impact of education, training, awareness raising, access to information studies that has been conducted continuously since the submission of the Turkey’s First National Communication in 2007, a nationwide survey was conducted in the year 2012. The survey was conducted within the scope of the Turkey’s Second National Communication Project that is implemented by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), executed by the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization (MoEU) and funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF). The survey aimed at investigating four main areas which are; level of public awareness on climate change, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission mitigation activities carried out by general public, adaptation activities carried out by general public, willingness to pay to mitigate GHG emissions, The survey was conducted via face to face interviews with 3,166 people living in urban and rural areas of 17 provinces that represent the whole country. These provinces are Adana, Ankara, , Artvin, Aydın, Balıkesir, Bursa, Erzurum, Gaziantep, Isparta, , İzmir, Konya, Kütahya, , Sivas and Bitlis. Sampling group was people aged between 15-69 years.The settlement units chosen in these provinces covers NUTS 1 zones and 25 water basins in Turkey. 64.3% of interviews were realized in urban and 35.7% in rural areas. These rates are in parallel with the urban population (68%) and rural population (32%) in Turkey (TÜİK, General Census Results of 2000). 48.5% of the people who participated in the survey are female and 51.5% are male. This rate approximately shows the gender distribution in Turkey (TÜİK, General Population Census Results of 2000). The structure of the survey made it possible to determine the awareness on climate change for people living in different climatic and socio-economic structures of Turkey. A total of 3,166 people were sampled during the survey. It represents the population of whole country within a confidence level of 95% and standard deviation of ±1.74.

3. Findings of the Survey

What is Climate Change?

According to the answers received for the question "What is climate change?" asked in the survey questionnaire, 12.9% of participants do not have any idea about climate change; 39.5% define climate change as seasonal change while 13.5% define climate change as /water 4

shortage and 9.3% define climate change as deterioration in weather conditions. The rate of people who associate climate change with global warming is 6%. The number of people who have no idea on climate change increases as the education level decreases. It is the university graduates who associate climate change with ozone layer depletion and global warming the most.

Figure 1. Participants’ answers for the question "What is climate change?"

Seasonal change 39.5

Drought/Water shortage 13.5 Deterioration in weather conditions 9.3

Air pollution 7.0 Global warming 6.0 Absence of winter 3.9

Disturbance of natural balance 2.7

Decreasing rainfall 2.6

Ozone layer depletion 2.5

Increase in temperature 2.2 Environment pollution 2.0

Absence of four seasons 1.8

Other 8.1

No idea about climate change 12.9

The society is interested in climate change, but have insufficient knowledge... People living in urban areas link climate change with seasonal change, air pollution, global warming and ozone layer depletion more than others. Those living in rural areas associate it more with drought/ water shortage, deterioration of weather conditions and disturbance of natural balance. People living in urban areas are more sensitive to combat with climate change than people living in rural areas. According to the results of the survey, society has an idea about the causes of climate change, its effects on their lives, adaptation to seasonal change and combating climate change however they do not have enough knowledge. The rate of those who are aware of the causes of climate change is 12.5%; those who know adaptation to climate change is 11.1%; those who know the ways of combating climate change is 10.7% and those who are aware of the effects of climate change on their lives is 10.5%. ARE WE AWARE OF CLIMATE CHANGE? 5

Figure 2. Level of knowledge on climate change

Positive Value Mean value: 11.2% Total Male 1.3 11.1 15.9 45.7 26.1 12.4 Regarding the causes of climate Female 1.9 10.7 16.3 36.6 34.5 12.6 change Total 1.6 10.9 16.1 41.3 30.1 12.5

Male 0.8 10.4 13.1 37.5 38.1 11.2 Regarding adaptation to Female 1.2 9.8 13.5 30.9 44.6 11.0 climate change Total 1 10.1 13.3 34.3 41.3 11.1

Male 1.4 9.9 14.4 38.2 36.1 11.3 Regarding the ways of Female 1.5 8.7 15.3 30.7 43.8 10.2 combating climate change Total 1.5 9.3 14.8 34.6 39.9 10.7

Male 4.8 5.8 16.2 42.8 30.3 10.6 Regarding the effects of climate Female 4 6.4 16.7 34.7 38.2 10.4 change on our lives Total 4.4 6.1 16.5 38.9 34.2 10.5

Total Male Female I have very good knowledge I have good knowledge BASIS 3,166 1,631 1,535 I have I have little I don't have knowledge knowledge knowledge

According to the answers given to the question regarding causes of climate change, air pollution is on the first rank (52.6%) and forest degradation (33.7%) is on the second rank.

Figure 3. Level of knowledge on the causes of climate change

Air pollution 52.6

Forest degradation 33.7 Increasing number of factories and manufacturing plants 33.0 Contamination of streams, rivers and seas 28.7 Increase in population 18.9 Increase in number of cars 14.7 Increase in fuel consumption 13.9 Increase in individual consumption 13.7 Increase in greenhouse gases 11.8 Migrations 11.6 Unplanned urbanization 10.5 Increase in plane voyages 3.8 Ozone layer depletion 1.6 6

According to the answers given for "the effects of climate change", temperatures above seasonal normals and increasing drought are the most important effects of climate change. Accordingly, is the most invisible effect of climate change.

Figure 4. Level of knowledge on the effects of climate change

Positive Mean value 75.6% Value Total Temperatures above seasonal 33.7 45.3 4.7 1 0.4 14.8 79.0 normals

Increasing 39.4 39.3 5.1 0.9 0.5 14.7 78.7

Glacial melting 35.6 39.2 7.8 0.7 0.4 16.3 74.8

Decreasing water in 33.1 41.5 7.9 0.8 0.4 16.4 74.5 water basins Increase in the frequency of heavy 35.2 39.3 6.8 2.7 0.7 15.3 74.5 rainfalls

Sea level rise 31.1 40.9 9.3 1.10.5 17.1 72.0

Very effective Effective Neither effective nor ineffective

Not effective Not effective at all No idea

What is the information source for climate change?

TV programs and TV news are the main sources of information on climate change and environmental issues followed by family members as the source of information. However there are significant differences between urban and rural areas in information sources. Information source for those living in urban areas are internet and non-governmental organizations while it is teachers, religious officials and village headmen for those living in rural areas. Moreover, 74.1% of the participants think that courses about combating climate change should be given in elementary and high schools. ARE WE AWARE OF CLIMATE CHANGE? 7

Figure 5. Information sources for climate change and environmental issues

Television programs 46.7 Television news 43.9 Family members 28.6 Closer environment as friends, neighbors 24.2 Newspaper news 19.5 Universities and scientists 17.0 Teachers 11.4 Religious officials 8.0 Advertisements 7.6 Internet news and websites 5.7 Radio news 5.7 Explanations by political authorities 4.4 NGOs or associations 3.9 Village headmen 3.5 Magazines 0.5

Society's approach towards climate change

66% of the people who were interviewed within the survey, thinks that climate change problem is threatening. 34.6% think that climate change is a serious problem and measures should be taken urgently, while 34.3% think that there are enough evidences that climate change exists and it will be useful to take some measures.

Figure 6. Degree of finding climate change problem as threatening

Very threatening 15.2

Threatening 50.8

Neither threatening nor not threatening 12.8

Not threatening 6.9

Not threatening at all 1.5 8

What is done to combat with climate change, who are in charge of it?

Energy saving practices were found to be the most effective actions for combating climate change by participants. According to results, top five practices to combat with climate change are; unplugging devices when they are not used, using public transportation more often, using energy-saving light bulbs, reducing garbage production and buying low-energy consuming white goods.

Figure 7. Degree of effectiveness of actions in combating climate change

Positive Mean 69.9% Value Index Total Unplugging electrical devices when they 0.2 are not used 30.4 43.5 9.5 1.6 14.7 73.9 52.9 Using public transportation more often 0.2 30.8 41.6 9.5 2.1 15.8 72.4 51.8 Using energy-saving light bulbs 0.2 30.2 41.9 10.2 1.4 16.2 72.1 51.6 0.2 Reducing garbage production 30.0 41.9 10.7 1.6 15.5 71.9 51.4

Buying low-energy consuming white 0.1 goods 28.0 42.1 12.1 1.7 16.1 70.1 50.1 0.2 Heat insulation 26.9 43.0 11.0 2.5 16.5 69.9 50.0 0.3 Separating wastes according to their 30.4 39.1 11.3 2.5 16.5 69.4 49.6 types 0.1 Buying environmental-friendly labeled 25.9 43.1 12.3 1.8 16.7 69.0 49.4 products 0.1 Not excess heating at homes 26.6 42.1 12.6 1.6 17.0 68.6 49.1 Consuming seasonal fruits and 0.2 vegetables 24.9 43.2 13.9 2.0 15.8 68.1 48.7 Double glazing windows 0.0 26.7 41.3 12.2 2.3 17.4 68.1 48.7 Preferring walking or biking for short 0.3 27.1 40.9 12.4 3.2 16.2 68.0 48.6 distances 0.1 Using low fuel consuming cars 24.1 42.6 12.1 3.8 17.3 66.7 47.7

Basis; 3166

Very effective Effective Neither effective nor not Not effective Not effective I have no idea effective at all

Energy saving is stated to be the most popular individual practice for decreasing the effects of climate change. It is followed by water saving and keeping environment clean. ? ? ARE WE AWARE OF CLIMATE CHANGE? 9

Figure 8. Individual practices for decreasing the effects of climate change

Energy saving 17.4 Water saving 8.7 Keeping environment clean 7.5 Using energy-saving light bulbs 5.7 Separating garbage 5.4 Using public transportation more often 4.8 Forestation 3.7 Heat insulation 2.7 Using natural gas 2.0 Not using aerosol products 1.4 Using recyclable products 1.4 Protecting nature 1.4 Buying environmental friendly products 1.2 Using high-quality coal 1.1

It is expressed that the most important duty of society in combating climate change is to keep environment clean (14.4%) and the most important duty of public institutions is to raise awareness of the society (17.2%). The duty of private sector in combating climate change is to filter wastes and not to pollute environment (7.3%) and non-governmental organizations' duty is to give trainings and seminars besides raising awareness of the society by going from door to door (12.6%). Only 10.8% of the participants know about the practices of public institutions to combat with climate change. These studies are mainly composed of recycling wastes and garbage. It is followed by encouragement of some practices which may provide energy saving such as the usage of less water in agriculture by ameliorating agricultural irrigation systems and heat insulation in buildings.

Figure 9. Awareness on the practices of public institutions/organizations

10.8 No, I don't know 89.2 Yes, I know 10

Figure 10. Awareness on the practices of public institutions/organizations

Recycling wastes and garbage 7.7

Encouraging renewable energy sources 4.3

Ameliorating agricultural irrigation systems 3.7 Encouraging energy efficiency 2.4 Encouraging organic agriculture practices 2.2

Making public transportation widespread 1.9

Making hydroelectric energy sources widespread 1.8 Making nuclear energy widespread 1.6

Forestation 1.5

Increasing consumers' level of knowledge 1.3 Encouragement of investments causing less 1.2 environment pollution by state Making biking widespread 1.0

Steps to combat with climate change: Reducing and adaptation to the effects of climate change

34.1% of participants believe that they will have to change their life styles in the future to reduce the effects of climate change, while 22.9% believe that new technologies and technological improvements are important factors for combating climate change. 16.6% of the participants stated that adaptation to climate change is possible, while 11.3% stated that nothing could be done to combat with climate change.

Şekil 11. Change of attitude towards climate change in the future

We will have to change our life styles 34.1

New technologies will be produced 22.9

We will learn to live in a warmer climate 16.6

I don't think any action about the issue will be taken although it is an important problem 11.3

I don't think any action about the issue will be taken as it is not an important problem 2.2 ARE WE AWARE OF CLIMATE CHANGE? 11

Even though the rate of people who find climate change threatening is 66%, the rate of those who pay attention to products' labels indicating less harm to environment less is 32%. This fact shows that the measures taken are at a low level despite the high perception and interest in the climate change issue. The share rate of people who do not pay attention to labels indicating that the product is environmentally friendly or it was produced with environmental-friendly methods is 30.8%. 33.2% of those who were interviewed said that they would pay more if it was indicated on the product that the environment was damaged less during its production. According to the survey, in the target group, for a product of 100 TL, the people may pay 4 TL more as the mean quantity if the product is produced with environmentally friendly methods.

Figure 12. Willingness to pay

Paying more to buy a product when it is known that the Additional quantity which might be paid for buying a environment was damaged less during its production product of 100 TL Would you pay more if you knew that the environment was damaged You said that you would pay more for buying a product if less during the production of a product? you knew that the environment was damaged less during its production. What is the maximum amount that you can pay additionally for a product of 100 TL which damaged the environment less during its production?

Mean 12.05 TL

More than 50 TL No information on climate change; 12.9% 25.01 TL - 50 TL No; 53.9% 20.01 TL- 25 TL

15.01 TL - 20 TL Yes; 33.2%

10.01 TL - 15 TL

5.01 TL - 10 TL

1 TL - 5 TL Basis; 3166 Within the target group, the mean quantity of additional payment is 4.0 TL. Less than 1 TL

Basis; 1051 12

? Climate Change and 4. Women

Women, particularly in rural areas in developing countries are among the forefront as they highly dependent on local natural resources for their livelihood, because of their responsibility to secure water, food and energy for cooking. The effects of climate change make it difficult to secure these resources. In addition, they have limited access to information, decision- making and economic assets that compound the challenges of climate change. It is therefore very vital to mainstream gender to all actions on climate change and women's specific needs and priorities are identified and addressed.

The gender issue in climate change in Turkey was assessed according to result of the survey. Some of the main findings are as follows:

► The rate of women who answers "I have no idea about climate change" is 16.5% of all participants, This rate is higher in rural areas while it is lower in urban areas.

► Awareness and action level of women living in urban areas is higher compared to the level of women living in rural areas.

► Although the level of knowledge is higher for man, putting this knowledge into action is higher for women (among the participants who has knowledge on climate change).

► The primary source of information is TV programs.

► More than 70% of women think that education on combating climate change should be given in schools.

The survey indicates that in Turkey, individual approach level, action level and willingness to pay related to climate change increases as knowledge, perception and level of awareness on climate change increases. The survey revealed that there is an urgent need on awareness rising and education of women on climate change in the country. It might be expected to observe an increase in the level of action and mitigation efforts of women being parallel to increased awareness and education activities. ARE WE AWARE OF CLIMATE CHANGE? 13

Conclusions and 5. Recommendations

► Survey results demonstrated that society's level of concern on climate change is high but their level of knowledge is low. The society has an idea about what the climate change is however their level of knowledge is insufficient. The causes of climate change and the measures taken to cope with it are not well known.

► Climate change is perceived as a problem by public both in Turkey and in the world. Concern However, it has not been considered as important as other social, economic and political problems. The society established a link between environmental problems and their on climate daily life however they cannot associate climate change with human life yet. According change is to the survey, decrease in water and food resources and increase in epidemics are high but level considered among the most important problems for the world by the society. However, of knowledge they have not been associated with climate change. Relation between climate change is low. and increase in these problems should be explained to public so that so that perceived importance of climate change will increase.

► Moreover, the perceived importance of climate change is lower in rural areas than in urban areas. According to the results of the survey, it is seen that climate change is associated more with drought and water shortage in rural areas. Focusing on these issues especially for people living in rural areas and telling them about the direct effect of climate change on their income sources such as agriculture, livestock might help to increase the low perception. Addressing such issues as drought, increasing water shortage and the fact that agriculture and livestock are affected might reveal the importance of adaptation measures in rural areas in combating climate change.

► According to survey results, public states that both individuals and government have roles in combating climate change. Hence as future actions, concrete mitigation actions should be thought to public while providing information on climate change, and comprehensible and explicit projects should be developed by the government.

► Survey resulted that the society tends more to apply saving practices such as energy saving and water saving. As future actions, emphasizing the energy saving practices in public communications might be effective in combating with climate change.

► The society has not enough knowledge on the causes and effects of climate change, the ways of combating climate change and the effects of climate change on their lives. According to the results of the survey, it is understood that awareness raising studies on climate change should continue for different segments of the society. The level of knowledge decreases especially within the group above 30 years-old which are the decision maker in household consumption. 14

► TV programs and news are the most commonly used sources of information. Survey Awareness indicated that women receive information especially from TV. Accordingly, the raising might importance of TV programs in accessing women should be considered. Additionally, change NGOs and internet have an important role in accessing information for urban population individual while teachers, village headmen and religious officials have an important role as an information source for rural population. behavioral patterns. ► 74.1% of the participants believe that courses should be given in elementary and high schools regarding the combating with climate change. Moreover, it is believed that a public awareness campaign conducted by the state will be more effective for creating an overall change.

► Society accept the existence of climate change problem and it will have the tendency of changing its life style. Hence, concrete actions/measures and behaviors in addition to awareness raising studies should be introduced to the society.

► Finally, 33% of the participants stated that they could pay more to buy a product if they knew that the environment was damaged less during its production. This finding gives an important clue that awareness raising might lead to behavioral changing.

(Detailed information can be reached at www.iklim.gov.tr and www.undp.org.tr )

Ehlibeyt Mah.CeyhunAtufKansuCad.1271.Sok.No:13 United NationsDevelopmentProgramme(UNDP) Tel: +90(312)5863000•Fax: +90(312)4740318 Tel: +90(312)4541100•Fax: +90(312)4961463 General DirectorateofEnvironmentalManagement T.R. MinistryofEnvironmentandUrbanization http://www.iklim.gov.tr •e-mail:[email protected] 06610 Çankaya-AnkaraTURKEY 06520 Balgat-AnkaraTURKEY Department ofClimateChange Birlik Mah.415.Cad.No:11 http://www.undp.org.tr

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