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Turkey's National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy and Action Plan

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Turkey's National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy and Action Plan Turkey’s National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy and Action Plan T.R. MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND URBANIZATION ©All rights reserved. Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, November 2011, Ankara Only reference citations are allowed. Bibliography: Turkey’s National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy and Action Plan, T.R. Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, November 2011, Ankara (1st edition) T.R. Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, August 2012, Ankara (2nd edition) T.R. Ministry of Environment and Urbanization General Directorate of Environmental Management Department of Climate Change Ehlibeyt Mah. Ceyhun Atıf Kansu Cad. 1271. Sok. No:13 06520, Balgat, Ankara Tel: 0 312 474 03 37 Fax: 0312 474 03 18 [email protected] http://www.iklim.gov.tr Coordinator: Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, General Directorate of Environmental Management, Department of Climate Change Design: Tasarımhane Ltd, Şti., Ankara Cover Photo: UNDP Turkey Archive Printing: BMS Matbaacılık, Ankara This document has been prepared in the context of United Nations Joint Programme on Enhancing the Capacity of Turkey to Adapt to Climate Change that has been executed under the coordination of Ministry of Environment and Urbanization. Turkey’s National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy and Action Plan Table of Contents List of Tables 4 List of Figures 4 Abbreviations 5 Foreword 8 1. Introduction 11 a. Global Look 11 b. Turkey and Climate Change 14 2. The Need for a National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy in Turkey 17 a. Climate Change Projections for Turkey 17 b. Impacts of Climate Change Observed in Turkey 25 3. Development Method of the Turkey’s National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy and Action Plan 29 a. Development Method of the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 30 b. Vulnerability Analysis in Turkey 31 c. Stocktaking Analysis 32 Strategies, Policies and Plans 32 Legal Framework 34 Institutional Structure 39 Financing 40 Economic Tools 41 Research-Development, Data and Information Systems 42 Training, Awareness Raising and Capacity Building 42 d. Model Implementation for Supporting Strategy Development: Seyhan River Basin 43 e. Participatory Vulnerability Analysis 47 4. Road to the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 49 a. What’s National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy? 49 b. Principles of a National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 52 c. Framework of National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 53 5. Turkey’s National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy and Action Plan 55 I. Water Resources Management 55 II. Agriculture Sector and Food Security 64 III. Ecosystem Services, Biological Diversity and Forestry 78 IV. Natural Disaster Risk Management 85 V. Public Health 88 VI. Crosscutting Issues in Adaptation 92 6. Turkey’s National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy and Action Plan Tables 99 I. Management Water Resources 99 II. Agriculture Sector and Food Security 104 III. Ecosystem Services, Biological Diversity and Forestry 110 IV. Natural Disaster Risk Management 115 V. Public Health 117 VI. Crosscutting Issues in Adaptation 120 Turkey’s National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy and Action Plan 5 List of Tables Table 1. The Impacts of Climate Change and Susceptible Sector/Regions in Turkey. 18 Table 2. Projected seasonal surface temperature changes (°C) in 2071-2099 period over 1961-1990 period based on diff erent scenario simulations. W indicates the western half of Turkey and E indicates the eastern half of Turkey. 20 Table 3. Projected seasonal surface runoff changes (%) in 2071-2099 period over 1961-1990 period based on diff erent scenario simulations. W indicates the western half of Turkey and E indicates the eastern half of Turkey. 20 Table 4. The Impacts of Climate Change and Susceptible Sector/Regions in Turkey. 25 Table 5. Legislation directly related to climate change adaptation 35 Table 6. Legislation indirectly and secondarily related to climate change adaptation 36 List of Figures Figure 1. Projected changes (over 1961-1990 period) in surface temperature (°C) for winter and summer 17 Figure 2. Projected changes (over 1961-1990 period) in precipitation (%) for winter and summer 19 Figure 3. Projected changes (over 1961-1990 period) in surface runoff (%) for winter and summer 21 Figure 4. Projected annual changes (over 1961-1990 period) in hot spell and heavy rain days 25 6 Abbreviations AFD Agence Française de Développment ARDSI Agriculture and Rural Development Support Institution ARIP Agricultural Reform Implementation Project CAE Chamber of Agriculture Engineers CATAK Environmentally Based Agricultural Land Protection CBCC Coordination Board on Climate Change CMB Capital Market Board (SPK) CoHE Council of Higher Education CORINE Coordination of Information on the Environment Project DA Development Agencies DEMP Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency (AFAD) DGAR General Directorate for Agricultural Reform (TRGM) EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development EE Energy Effi ciency EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIB European Investment Bank EIE General Directorate of Electrical Power Resources Survey and Development Administration EIS Environmental Information System EMRA Energy Market Regulatory Authority (EPDK) EU European Union FAO United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization GAP Southeastern Anatolia Project Regional Development Administration GDP Gross Domestic Product GDM General Directorate of Meteorology (MGM) GEF Global Environment Facility GIS Geographic Information System GM Greater Municipalities HPP Hydroelectric Power Plant ICCAP Impact of Climate Change on Agricultural Production in Arid Areas IEA International Energy Agency IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change KAMAG Support Program for Research and Development Projects of Public Institutions KOSGEB Small and Medium Scaled Enterprises Development Organization LA Local Authorities LC Land Consolidation LULUCF Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry MCT Ministry of Culture and Tourism MENR Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources METU Middle East Technical University MEU Ministry of Environment and Urbanization Turkey’s National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy and Action Plan 7 MEUA Ministry for European Union Aff airs MFA Ministry of Foreign Aff airs MFAL Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock MFWW Ministry of Forestry and Water Works MIA Ministry of Internal Aff airs MoCT Ministry of Customs and Trade MoD Ministry of Development MoE Ministry of Economy MoF Ministry of Finance MoH Ministry of Health MoNE Ministry of National Education MTMAC Ministry of Transport, Maritime Affairs and Communications MSIT Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology NAMA Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action NCCAP National Climate Change Action Plan NCCS National Climate Change Strategy NGO Non-Governmental Organization NPC National Productivity Center OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development ORBIS Forestry Information Systems OR-KOOP Central Union of Turkish Forestry Cooperatives PA Privatization Administration PPA Public Procurement Authority Pro. Dir. Provincial Directorates R&D Research and Development RE Renewable Energy REC Regional Environmental Center REDD+ Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries RER Renewable Energy Resources RI Research Institute SCST Supreme Council for Science and Technology SFM Sustainable Forest Management SHW General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works (DSİ) SME Small and Medium Scaled Enterprises SPA Special Provincial Administration SPO State Planning Organization TAGEM General Directorate of Agricultural Research TAKEP Turkey Agricultural Drought Action Plan TARSIM Agricultural Insurance Pool TBB Union of Municipalities of Turkey TEFER Turkey Emergency Flood and Earthquake Recovery TEIEN Technical Assistance for the Establishment of Turkish Environmental Information Exchange Network TIGEM General Directorate of Agricultural Enterprises TKDK Support Authority for Agricultural and Rural Development 8 TOBB The Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Turkey TSE Turkish Standards Institute TSKB Industrial Development Bank of Turkey TTGV Technology Development Foundation of Turkey TUBA Turkish Academy of Sciences TUBITAK The Scientifi c and Technological Research Council of Turkey TUBITAK MRC TUBITAK Marmara Research Center TUGEM General Directorate of Agricultural Production and Development TUOP Turkey’s National Forestry Programme TURKSTAT Turkish Statistical Institute TUSIAD Turkish Industry and Business Association UCES EU Integrated Environmental Approximation Strategy UCTEA Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers and Architects UN United Nations UNCBD United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity UNCCD United Nations Convention to Combat Desertifi cation UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization Unv. Universities VCM Voluntary Carbon Market WHO World Health Organization YIGM General Directorate of Construction Aff airs Abbreviations in Tables US Adaptation Water Resources UT Adaptation Agriculture and Food Security UO Adaptation Ecosystems, Biodiversity and Forestry UA Adaptation Natural Disaster Risk Management UİS Adaptation Public Health UYK Adaptation Crosscutting Issues Turkey’s National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy and Action Plan 9 Foreword The universe that shelters human kind as well as all its living and non-living existence has been carefully created in a certain
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