Place, Identity and Community Conflict in Mixed-Use Neighbourhoods: the Case of Kings Cross, Sydney

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Place, Identity and Community Conflict in Mixed-Use Neighbourhoods: the Case of Kings Cross, Sydney Place, identity and community conflict in mixed-use neighbourhoods: The case of Kings Cross, Sydney Ryan van den Nouwelant A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Built Environment in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 2017 THE UNIVERSITYOF NEW SOUTH WALES Thesis/Dissertation Sheet Surname or Family name: van den Nouwelant Firstname: Ryan Other name/s: Mark Abbreviation fordegree as given in the University calendar: PhD School: not applicable Faculty: Built Environment Title: Place, identity and community conflict in mixed-use neighbourhoods: the case of Kings Cross, Sydney Abstract This thesis examines the role of urban planning processes in managing community conflict. Mitigating community conflict is one of the central arguments for robust planning systems,so shortcomings need to be identified and understood. Usingthe case study of Kings Cross, Sydney, the research demonstrates how the planning concept of 'the mixed-use neighbourhood', and in particular its inherent contradictions, permeate into the construction of the identity of this particularneighbourhood. Through media analysis and a series of stakeholder interviews, these contradictions are shown to prevail beyond planning discourses, and that they are central to community conflicts in the case study. By framing community conflict as the contestation of the neighbourhood's identity, it is revealed that these conflicts do not always lie between social and economic objectives of planning policy (and so residents and businesses) as is assumed by many stakeholders. Instead, it is argued to lie between the underlying spatial dimensions to the constructed identity: whether the 'self-contained neighbourhood' or the 'well connected neighbourhood'. The thesis concludes that the influence of ambiguous concepts on community conflict stems from fact that pursuing consensus in participatory planning practices comes at the expense of clarity. Importantly, when subsequent planning decisions fail to meet stakeholders' expectations, community support for planning and urban governance structures are weakened. Declaration relating to disposition of project thesis/dissertation I hereby grant to the University of New South Wales or its agents the right to archive and to make available my thesis or dissertation in whole or in part in the University libraries in all forms of media, now or here after known, subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. I retain all property rights, such as patent rights. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis or dissertation. I also authorise University Microfilms to use the 350 word abstract of my thesis in Dissertation Abstracts International (this ....... It ... lJA.��!i.. �Fl .. Date The University recognises that there may be exceptional circumstances req ·ring restrictions on copying or conditions on use. Requests forrestriction fora period of up to 2 years must be made in writing. Requests for a longer period of restriction may be considered in exceptional circumstances and require the approval of the Dean of Graduate Research. FOR OFFICE USE ONLY Date of completion of requirements for Award: Originality Statement I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge it contains no materials previously published or written by another person, or substantial proportions of material which have been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at UNSW or any other educational institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the thesis. Any contribution made to the research by others, with whom I have worked at UNSW or elsewhere, is explicitly acknowledged in the thesis. I also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own work, except to the extent that assistance from others in the project's design and conception or in style, presentation and linguistic expression is acknowledged. Signed COPYRIGHT STATEMENT ‘I hereby grant the University of New South Wales or its agents the right to archive and to make available my thesis or dissertation in whole or part in the University libraries in all forms of media, now or here after known, subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. I retain all proprietary rights, such as patent rights. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis or dissertation. I also authorise University Microfilms to use the 350 word abstract of my thesis in Dissertation Abstract International (this is applicable to doctoral theses only). I have either used no substantial portions of copyright material in my thesis or I have obtained permission to use copyright material; where permission has not been granted I have applied/will apply for a partial restriction of the digital copy of my thesis or dissertation.' Signed ……………………………………………........................... Date ……………………………………………........................... AUTHENTICITY STATEMENT ‘I certify that the Library deposit digital copy is a direct equivalent of the final officially approved version of my thesis. No emendation of content has occurred and if there are any minor variations in formatting, they are the result of the conversion to digital format.’ Signed ……………………………………………........................... Date ……………………………………………........................... Acknowledgements Many, many thanks to all those who made this possible: First and foremost my supervisors Chrissy and Gethin; my co-supervisor Bill and my review panel Kate and Simon; my colleagues at City Futures, my fellow PhD candidates, the People and Place research cluster, and Suzie and the faculty’s support crew; any other researchers who helped along the way, particularly Richard at CUNY, Ethan at PSU, and Jean, Franklin and all at the 2013 SOAC PhD symposium; and finally all my friends and family, especially Rose and Leah and, more than anyone, Jenny. Jenny, If this work was my burden, I was yours. And you carried me the whole way. I’ll always be in awe, in gratitude, and in love. Table of contents Chapter 1: Introduction .......................................................................................... 7 Chapter 2: Theoretical literature on space, place and conflict ......................... 17 Part 1: Place as structuration .............................................................................................................. 18 Part 2: Place as spatiality ...................................................................................................................... 24 Part 3: Defining community conflict .................................................................................................. 31 Part 4: Community conflict as contesting a neighbourhood identity .......................................... 37 Chapter 3: Contextual literature on planning theory and mixed-use neighbourhoods .................................................................................................... 45 Part 1: The role of urban planning in community conflict ............................................................. 46 Part 2: Mixed-use neighbourhoods in planning narratives ........................................................... 50 Part 3: Community conflict in mixed-use neighbourhoods .......................................................... 57 Part 4: Mixed-use neighbourhood: defining a concept ................................................................. 62 Chapter 4: Methodology ...................................................................................... 69 Chapter 5: Case study context ............................................................................. 89 Chapter 6: Kings Cross in policy ......................................................................... 115 Part 1: Metro planning ....................................................................................................................... 116 Part 2: Community planning ............................................................................................................. 124 Part 3: Land-use planning .................................................................................................................. 129 Chapter 7: Kings Cross in the news ................................................................... 141 Part 1: Identity construction of Kings Cross through news media ............................................. 142 Part 2: Local conflicts and stakeholders .......................................................................................... 153 Chapter 8: Kings Cross perspectives .................................................................. 169 Part 1: Perspectives on late trading ................................................................................................. 171 Part 2: The connection to the mixed-use planning concept ....................................................... 177 Part 3: Perspectives on other community conflicts ...................................................................... 184 Chapter 9: Case study synthesis ........................................................................ 197 Part 1: Alternative explanations of Kings Cross community conflicts fall short ....................... 198 Part 2: Socio-spatial constructions lie behind Kings Cross’s contested identity ...................... 205 Part 3: Linking planning practice and community conflicts in Kings Cross ..............................
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