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Értekezés a Doktori (Phd) Fokozat Megszerzése Érdekében Az Irodalomtudományok Tudományágban

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Értekezés a Doktori (Phd) Fokozat Megszerzése Érdekében Az Irodalomtudományok Tudományágban SPACE, MOVEMENT AND IDENTITY IN CONTEMPORARY BRITISH ASIAN FICTION Értekezés a doktori (PhD) fokozat megszerzése érdekében az Irodalomtudományok tudományágban Írta: Pataki Éva okleveles angol nyelv és irodalom szakos bölcsész és tanár Készült a Debreceni Egyetem Irodalomtudományok doktori iskolája (Angol-amerikai irodalomtudományi programja) keretében Témavezető: Dr. Bényei Tamás ................................................................ (olvasható aláírás) A doktori szigorlati bizottság: elnök: Dr. ................................................................ tagok: Dr. ................................................................ Dr. ................................................................ A doktori szigorlat időpontja: 201................................................... Az értekezés bírálói: Dr. ................................................................ Dr. ................................................................ Dr. ................................................................ A bírálóbizottság: elnök: Dr. ............................................................... tagok: Dr. ............................................................... Dr. ............................................................... Dr. ............................................................... Dr. ............................................................... A nyilvános vita időpontja: 201………………………………….. Én, Pataki Éva, teljes felelősségem tudatában kijelentem, hogy a benyújtott értekezés önálló munka, a szerzői jog nemzetközi normáinak tiszteletben tartásával készült, a benne található irodalmi hivatkozások egyértelműek és teljesek. Nem állok doktori fokozat visszavonására irányuló eljárás alatt, illetve 5 éven belül nem vontak vissza tőlem odaítélt doktori fokozatot. Jelen értekezést korábban más intézményben nem nyújtottam be és azt nem utasították el. 2 Doktori (PhD) értekezés Space, Movement and Identity in Contemporary British Asian Fiction Pataki Éva Debreceni Egyetem BTK 2014. 3 4 Table of Contents Introduction............................................................................................................................ 7 Chapter 1: “All these metamorphoses” Transformations of Identity and Space in the Diasporic Novel ...................................... 26 Maps for Lost Lovers ................................................................................................ 28 Dislocation, reterritorialization and isolation ................................................ 29 Diaspora space and hybridization .................................................................. 37 Mapping and movement in diaspora space ................................................... 44 Anita and Me ............................................................................................................ 49 Perspective and diasporic presence ............................................................... 51 Community, performativity and memory ...................................................... 57 Mimicry and identity performance ................................................................ 63 The Black Album ...................................................................................................... 71 Situatedness and identity crisis ...................................................................... 72 Alternative ways of belonging and sensing place .......................................... 78 Identity positions and performances of the self ............................................. 84 Chapter 2: “Any kind of movement” Tourism, Flânerie and Nomadism in Urban and Suburban Space ................................ 92 The Buddha of Suburbia .......................................................................................... 94 In-betweenness and the hybrid(ity) of suburbia ............................................ 94 Mimicry and performance ............................................................................. 99 The city as a theatre ...................................................................................... 103 Journeys and nomadic routes ........................................................................ 109 Tourism .................................................................................................................... 116 Tourism in the English countryside .............................................................. 117 The mask and routes of the tourist ................................................................ 121 The flâneur of the postmodern metropolis .................................................... 128 5 Chapter 3: “A long way from home” Cosmopolitanism, Nomadism and Female Agency in the Emancipatory City ............. 136 The Glassblower’s Breath ........................................................................................ 139 Transnational spaces and the traveller self .................................................... 140 Cosmopolitanism and transgression .............................................................. 150 Fate and the female nomad ............................................................................ 159 Brick Lane ................................................................................................................ 164 Confined versus open space .......................................................................... 167 Female agency in domestic and diaspora space............................................. 175 Subjectivity in the emancipatory city ............................................................ 180 (Beyond) Conclusion............................................................................................................ 189 Works Cited ......................................................................................................................... 212 List of abbreviations AM – Anita and Me BA – The Black Album BS – The Buddha of Suburbia BL – Brick Lane MLL – Maps for Lost Lovers P - Psychoraag T – Tourism TGB – The Glassblower’s Breath 6 INTRODUCTION Space, Movement and Identity My dissertation addresses the issues of space, movement and identity and investigates the complex nature of their interconnectedness in contemporary British Asian diaspora fiction. Through the close reading of representative novels the chapters that follow will investigate issues like the mutually interdependent and transformative relationship between space and identity, the types of movements generated by space, and the influence movements have on space and the sense of place. Within the scope provided by the framework and the chosen corpus, I shall explore ways in which space and movement are affected by one’s identity formation and, conversely, how identity is transformed (transfused, transmuted, metamorphosed) by and through various forms of movement in diverse spaces and places. I will look at how space, movement and identity become intertwined and inseparable within the context of British diasporic consciousness and subjectivity – all this in selected representatives of contemporary British Asian fiction: Monica Ali’s Brick Lane (2004), Nadeem Aslam’s Maps for Lost Lovers (2004), Nirpal Singh Dhaliwal’s Tourism (2006), Sunetra Gupta’s The Glassblower’s Breath (1993), Hanif Kureishi’s The Buddha of Suburbia (1990) and The Black Album (1995) and Meera Syal’s Anita and Me (2004). Although, due to what is often referred to as the ‘spatial turn’ in criticism, the interconnectedness of space, movement and identity has received a great deal of critical attention in the past two decades, the study of British diaspora literature has in general neglected this approach. There have been a number of references to space, movement and identity (either individually or in conjunction) in the critical work on contemporary British Asian fiction,1 but a monographic treatment of their relations and interrelatedness has never been attempted. To remedy this lack, my dissertation first and foremost investigates the pivotal role of space and movement in identity formation and construction, identity performance and performativity, agency and subjectivity, as manifested and depicted in a selection of contemporary British Asian novels. The primary reason why my dissertation revolves around the notions of space, movement and identity is that they are the inseparable 1 Examples include Mark Stein’s Black British Literature: Novels of Transformation (2004); Ruvani Ranasinha’s South Asian Writers in Twentieth-century Britain: Culture in Translation (2007); and British Asian Fiction: Framing the Contemporary (2008), edited by Neil Murphy and Wai-chew Sim. 7 core elements of diasporic existence, and human existence itself, for that matter. Furthermore, I believe that investigating the complex interrelationships of these concepts in British Asian diaspora fiction may in fact enable and contribute to a better understanding of the fundamentally social phenomenon and issue of diaspora and diasporisation in today’s globalised world. The comparative analysis of seven novels is obviously not sufficient to provide a comprehensive account and complete picture of the whole of British Asian diaspora fiction, nor is it aiming to offer generalised statements about or case studies of the interrelatedness of space, movement and identity. Instead, my choice of novels adopts a roughly chronological pattern, following the past three decades of the evolution of British Asian fiction from post-
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