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ProQuest Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600

SEEN THROUGH CERAMIC ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE, 1700-1860

Suzanne Rae Findlen

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the University of Delaware in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Early American Culture

Summer 2001

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 1406306

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Bell & Howell Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TASTE AND CHOICE IN EARLY PORTSMOUTH, NEW HAMPSHIRE AS

SEEN THROUGH CERAMIC ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE, 1700-1860

Suzanne Rae Findlen

Approved: Leslie B. Grigsby, M.A. Professor in charge of thesis on behalf of tKe Advisory Committee

Approved: I James s, Ph.D. Direct the Winterthur Program in Early American Culture

Approved: Conrado M. Gempesajy/II, Ph.D. Vice-Provost for Academic Programs and Planning

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I could not have completed this thesis without the patient, kind and wise counsel

of my advisor, Leslie B. Grigsby of the Winterthur curatorial department. She has

inspired me and pushed me to achieve well beyond what I thought was possible. In

addition, the staff at Strawbery Banke Museum in Portsmouth, New Hampshire deserves

my special thanks. Mary B. Dupre, Sandra DeChard, John Mayer, Carolyn Roy, Rodney

Rowland and in particular, Martha Pinello were more than generous with their time,

guidance and interest in my topic. Carl L. Crossman and Louise Richardson

enthusiastically spoke with me about Portsmouth’s ceramic history and provided me with

critical leads, personal opinions and new insight. Ronald Bourgeault of Northeast

Auctions charitably opened his home to me and encouraged me in my research. I am also

indebted to Neville Thompson of the Winterthur Library for being the font of all

knowledge and always knowing where the best sources are hidden. Without the generous

Lois F. McNeil fellowship I would not have been able to come to Winterthur to study

American material culture or research this thesis.

My classmates deserve my heartfelt thanks. They became my second family, my

support through all things scholarly and personal. Most importantly, they provided

laughter when it was most needed. Thank you Cheryl, Jennifer, Jody, Kate, Sarah,

Stephen, Rachel, Robin and Tova.

iii

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. My sister, Alissa Findlen deserves my gratitude. She believed in me in a way

only sisters can. Although she did not always understand why I thought broken dishes

were so interesting or how I could spend seven horns in a museum without falling asleep,

she did not let that interfere with her undying support of my dreams. She is continually

an inspiration to me.

I owe my greatest thanks to my parents, Anita and Patrick Findlen. They opened

my eyes to the world of museums when I was growing up. They did not become

exasperated with me when I asked a million questions. For providing me with a certainty

in myself, that I can set my dreams high and achieve anything my heart desires I am

thankful. They helped me to understand that passion is a necessary part of life. It is to

my parents that I dedicate this thesis.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES...... vii

ABSTRACT...... viii

Chapter

1. INTRODUCTION...... 1

2. THE DEER TAVERN...... 5

3. THE 1705 HOUSE ...... 11

4. THE RICHARD HART HOUSE...... 15

5. THE HART-SHORTREDGE HOUSE...... 23

6. THE RICHARD SHORTRDDGE HOUSE ...... 30

7. EVALUATION OF SELECTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL FRAGMENTS ...... 34

EARTHENWARE...... 35

UNREFINED RED- AND BUFF-BODIED EARTHENWARE...... 35

TIN-GLAZED EARTHENWARE OR DELFTWARE...... 37

CREAM-COLORED EARTHENWARE OR CREAMWARE...... 39

PEARLWARE...... 41

DIPPED WARE...... 44

LUSTER WARE...... 45

LEAD-GLAZED COLORED-BODIED WARES...... 46

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. STONEWARE...... 47

SALT-GLAZED STONEWARE...... 47

UNGLAZED STONEWARE...... 49

PORCELAIN...... 50

SOFT-PASTE PORCELAIN...... 50

HARD-PASTE (CHINESE EXPORT) PORCELAIN...... 51

8. CONCLUSION...... 54

FIGURES...... 57

APPENDIX A: DEER STREET PROPERTY HISTORY...... 65

APPENDIX B: RECONSTRUCTED VESSEL INVENTORY...... 74

BIBLIOGRAPHY...... 199

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 1813 Map of the Compact Part of the

Town of Portsmouth, New Hampshire, 1850 ...... 57

Figure 2 1850 Map of the City of Portsmouth ...... 58

Figure 3 1892 Sanborn Map of sheet 7 (showing Deer Street) ...... 59

Figure 4 Map of Deer Street archaeology project...... 60

Figure 5 The 1705 House (Lot 6) and the Deer Tavern (Lot 5) ...... 61

Figure 6 The Richard Hart House (Lots 7 & 8C) ...... 62

Figure 7 The Hart-Shortridge House (Lot 8B) ...... 63

Figure 8 The Richard Shortridge House (Lot 8A) ...... 64

vii

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT

Between 1980 and 1985 an archaeological team organized by Strawbery Banke

Museum in Portsmouth, New Hampshire undertook the excavation of five house lots on

Deer Street in Portsmouth’s “North End.” Deer Street, like many areas of the city, had

fallen into disrepair during the twentieth century and during the 1960s and 1970s most of

the residences on the street were raised or moved. Deer Street during the eighteenth

century was an economically thriving area and was inhabited by successful craftsmen and

merchants. Portsmouth’s trade with England suffered during the late eighteenth and early

nineteenth centuries, however, which affected the economic stability of Portsmouth’s

residents. This thesis uses reconstructed ceramic vessels from the Deer Street excavation

and analyses deed histories of the house lots as evidence in a study of the fashion choices

of the families that lived there between 1700 and 1860. Detailed appendices provide

relevant illustrations and documentary histories.

viii

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

In the 1630s the Laconia Trading Company of England settled as a commercial

trading post, Strawbery Banke, which later would be renamed Portsmouth, New

Hampshire. Located near the mouth of the Piscataqua River, large tracts o f land in

Portsmouth were divided by the settlers who relied on a mixture of farming, fishing and

commercial activity for their subsistence. By the eighteenth century maritime trade was

the driving force behind the growth of Portsmouth. By the middle of the eighteenth

century trade with England, the West Indies and other British North American colonies

increased the wealth of the port making it a comparatively affluent small city. The

growth of Portsmouth’s population coupled with an increasing prosperity in the colony

led to a diversification of occupations and increased specialization among the inhabitants.

The large tracts of land originally distributed by the Trading Company in the seventeenth

century would, in the next century, be divided into smaller units to accommodate these

changes. Neighborhoods formed because of this, dividing Portsmouth into four areas:

“the North End” (the primary focus of this paper), “Puddle Dock,” “the South End” and

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. “Market Square” (the commercial center of Portsmouth) (Figure l).1 All of these areas

supported wharves, warehouses and craft shops.

Settlement in the North End began as it had in the Puddle Dock with the

construction of wharves and the development of the lots nearest the river. The first

buildings were constructed on Deer Street in the early eighteenth century. Commercial

activity remained restricted to waterside lots, but craftsmen and some merchants built

houses further along the street. Craftsmen of high standing in the community and

middling merchants would make the North End their home throughout the eighteenth

century.

Portsmouth reached its economic peak during the late 1700s bringing status to the

craftsmen and merchants of Deer Street. The limitation of overseas trade during the

Jeffersonian embargo (1807-1809), however, was a blow to the city’s economy from

which it would never recover.2 Portsmouth had neither solid trading ties to inland

communities, nor a strong industrial base, and without overseas goods to market, there

was little room for growth and development. As a result of this economic stagnation

structures, shapes and sizes of house lots were preserved and few new buildings were

built in Portsmouth’s original neighborhoods.3 The plans within the neighborhoods did

1 Aileen Agnew, “The Historic Archaeology of Deer Street, Portsmouth, New Hampshire” (Strawbery Banke Museum, Portsmouth, NH, 1989, unpublished), 2.

2 Martha Elaine Pinello, “Archaeological Formation Processes and Household Boundaries at Four Domestic Lots in the North End of Portsmouth, New Hampshire, 1730-1830” (Master’s thesis, University of Massachusetts at Boston, 1989), 3.

3 Pinello, 4.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. not change much, the economic and social status of their populations did. During the

nineteenth century, persons of lesser income — widows, immigrants and laborers —

increasingly populated the houses on Deer Street, and by the twentieth century, the North

End had fallen into disrepair.4 Many of the houses on Deer Street were razed or moved

during the 1960s and 1970s as part of urban renewal. These lots remained vacant until

1981 when plans to construct a hotel on the site prompted an historical archaeological

investigation.

The area chosen for archaeology comprised five adjacent house lots on the north

side of Deer Street, which began with the third lot West of Market Street (the street

closest to the waterfront) (Figures 2 and 3). These five lots run between Deer and Russell

Streets (Figure 4) and include the Deer Tavern (lot 5), the 1705 House (lot 6), the Richard

Hart House (lot 7 and 8C), the Hart-Shortridge House (lot 8B) and the Richard Shortridge

House (lot 8A). The archaeological project that explored these house lots was conducted

over the course of five years by a team from Strawbery Banke Museum. Six hundred and

thirty-nine reconstructed objects were cataloged for this thesis (see Appendix B).

The five Deer Street lots under discussion originally came from a single large

tract of land owned by George Vaughan, who subdivided the property between 1702 and

1705.5 By the third decade of the eighteenth century, the five lots contained a core group

of buildings that remained relatively unchanged until the early nineteenth century.

4 Mrs. Harry M. S. Harlow, Directory o f Portsmouth, 1821 (Portsmouth, NH: Wibird Penhallow, 1821).

5 Rockingham County Deeds (New Hampshire Department of State. Division of Records Management & Archives, Concord, NH), 20:49, 6:36 (hereafter cited as RCD).

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Around that time additional outbuildings were constructed. From their first occupation

through the first half of the nineteenth century each lot served continuously as a primary

residence, but some served other purposes as well.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Chapter 2

THE DEER TAVERN

O f the excavated lots, the Deer Tavern (Lot 5), closest to Market Street, was once,

according to Portsmouth tradition, identified by the sign of a deer and it is from this

building that the street was named (Figure 5).6 While many published accounts support

this usage of the structure, there is neither record in the deeds nor strong archaeological

evidence to confirm or deny this association. The history of ownership of the site began

when George Vaughan sold it to carpenter John Lowe in 1702. According to Charles W.

Brewster’s Rambles About Portsmouth and C. S. Gurney’s Portsmouth Historic and

Picturesque, the construction of the house for Lowe began shortly thereafter by John

6 C. S. Gurney, Portsmouth Historic and Picturesque (Portsmouth, NH: Peter E. Randall, 1981), 36.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Newmarch, a local merchant.7 John Lowe died in 1713 leaving the lot to his widow,

Joanna.8 Three years later Joanna Lowe married Axtell Roberts.9 The couple continued

to live on the property and, in 1722, they acquired an adjacent piece of land from George

Vaughan.10

It is unclear what transpired between 1722 and 1761 when the next existing deed

shows the Deer Tavern property passing from the heirs of sailmaker Elisha Briard to

Daniel Hart, joiner.11 Evidence has not been found to suggest when Elisha Briard

acquired the lot, nor from whom he acquired it, but by 1761 Daniel Hart had purchased

the land. Daniel and his wife, Mary, sold the property in 1788 to Daniel's sister and

brother-in-law, Elizabeth and Samuel Briard.12 Within that same year Samuel died

leaving to his wife Elizabeth the property and their house “for her use during the time she

shall remain my widow.” Samuel also made provisions in his will for his daughter

Elizabeth, leaving her “the sole use and improvement of one chamber in my dwelling

house which ever she shall choose, with the privilege of using the kitchen during her

7 Charles W. Brewster, Rambles About Portsmouth, First Series (Portsmouth, NH: Lewis W. Brewster, 1873), 344; C. S. Gurney, C. S., Portsmouth Historic, 36.

8 Rockingham County Probate (New Hampshire Department of State. Division o f Records Management & Archives, Concord, NH), will 404 (hereafter cited as RCP).

9 Agnew, Historic Archaeology o f Deer Street, 14.

10 RCD, 13:110.

11 RCD, 12:65.

12 RCD, 124:65; Louise H. Tallman, “Portsmouth Families” (Portsmouth Athenaeum, Portsmouth, NH, 1982, unpublished).

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. natural life.”13 Upon his death in 1788, Samuel Briard’s total estate was worth

£374.10.4, including “china crockery & glass ware” valued at two pounds. Elizabeth

Briard and, presumably, her daughter continued to live at Deer Street until 1799 when

Widow Briard sold the property for eight hundred dollars to Thomas Walton, a mariner.14

Walton died intestate in 1802 leaving his wife, Mary, to sell of a strip of their Deer

Tavern property to help pay his debts.15 She and Thomas’s other heirs sold the rest of the

lot (forty-six feet along Deer Street and eighty feet back) in 1835 to Leonard Cotton for

three hundred and fifty dollars.16

Leonard Cotton, listed in the Portsmouth Directories as a grocer, rented out the

Deer Tavern as a residence and continued to live at 24 Washington Street.17 After thirty-

one years of ownership, he sold the Tavern to Timothy Reagan for one thousand dollars,

and in 1885, Reagan mortgaged the property to Mary Dunphy, wife of Timothy

Dunphy.18 Timothy Reagan lapsed in his mortgage payments and, in 1899, Mary

Dunphy was forced to foreclose on the property and evict Reagan. According to

Portsmouth City directories, Mary Dunphy’s husband, Timothy, was operating a

13 RCP, will and inventory 5327.

14 RCD, 159:370.

15 RCD, 162:353.

16 RCD, 278:19.

17 Joseph M. Edmonds, Edmonds' Town Directory, (Portsmouth, NH: Joseph M. Edmonds, 1839), 24.

18 RCD, 586:270.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. boardinghouse and saloon on Deer Street from 1890-1899. The building on the lot

continued to function as a boardinghouse until 1909 when the estate o f Mary Dunphy

sold the property to Charles Gray and Herbert Prince.19

Excavation o f the Deer Tavern lot revealed numerous features dating from the

early eighteenth through the nineteenth centuries. The majority of ceramic fragments

from the site are of pieces manufactured during the first three-quarters of the eighteenth

century and include English tin-glazed earthenware (delftware), North Devon slip-

decorated earthenware (slipware), Staffordshire salt-glazed white stoneware, and salt-

glazed brown stoneware (A-0744, A-0996, A-0406, A-0432).20 The most relevant

features, in terms of ceramics, were two wood-lined privies. One of these (DS5.5.F110)

has a deposit date range of 1750 to 1765 and the ceramics found there include enameled

salt-glazed white stoneware (A-0411), lead-glazed buff earthenware with slip decoration

(A-0909) and feather-edged, cream-colored earthenware (A-0720).21 The second privy

(DS2.5.F1) dates to the latter half of the nineteenth century and has a fill date-range

between 1860 and 1870. One transfer-printed pearlware vessel (A-0942) found in this

feature can be dated by the mark on its base, which reads “Oriental Scenery, Sicre Gully

19 RCD, 628:187.

20 Tin-glazed earthenware (delftware) is porous, refined earthenware that is coated with an opaque-white lead glaze that contains tin oxide. Slip-decorated earthenware (slipware) is earthenware decorated with a clay slip. Salt-Glazed stoneware is harder and fired at a higher temperature than earthenware. When left unglazed its surface texture resembles an orange peel. Stoneware can be brown, gray, white, or a metallic brown depending on the clay and decorative technique used in its production.

2 1 Cream-colored earthenware (creamware) is refined earthenware coated with a lead glaze, which gives it a slightly yellow or cream colored appearance.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Pass, I. Hall & Sons.”22 John Hall and Sons in Staffordshire produced this pattern

between 1822 and 1832.23 The majority of ceramics found in this feature were plain

molded whitewares (A-0795, A-0794) which were extremely popular in the United States

from the 1850s on into the 1870s. The only other significant (from a ceramics

standpoint) nineteenth century feature is a barrel (DS2.5.F5) from the site, which was

filled during the last three decades of the nineteenth century.24

Notable eighteenth century deposits from the site include a trash pit (DS5.5.F100)

accumulated between 1715 and 1735 and a circular well (DS5.5.F120) filled between

1690 and 1720. Overall, the ceramics found in the trash pit are from England and date to

the first three decades of the eighteenth century. They include sgraffito (incised) slipware

from North Devon (A-1025), delftware (A-0877), salt-glazed brown stoneware (A-0953),

and trailed slipware, probably from Staffordshire (A-0910). According to the final report

prepared by Strawbery Banke’s archaeologists, the North Devon sgraffito wares from the

pit were decorated in a sloppy fashion leading them to conclude that they are of

eighteenth- rather than seventeenth-century manufacture. The delft chamber pots are of a

type that, according to Noel Hume’s Early English Delftware from London and Virginia,

22 Pearlware is refined earthenware coated with a lead glaze containing a small amount of cobalt, which produces a white or gray-blue tint. Transfer printing is a printing technique, which is used, among other things, to decorate ceramics. Colored oil is applied to a tissue or glue-bat and then pressed to the ceramic body. When the vessel is fired the oil adheres to the ceramic.

23 A. W. Coysh and R. K. Henrywood, The Dictionary o f Blue and White Printed Pottery 1780-1880 (Woodbridge, Suffolk, England: Baron Publishers, 1982), 169.

24 Agnew, Historic Archaeology o f Deer Street, 61.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. was not manufactured until around 1725. There was a fragment of a lead-glazed redware

jug found, which contains the sgraffito signature “Symmes.” This could refer to Thomas

Symmes of Charlestown, Massachusetts, who began work as an earthenware potter in

1726 suggesting that the deposit could not have been made prior to this date.

Feature DS5.5.F120, the early eighteenth century well, contained North Devon

gravel-tempered earthenwares (A-1029), some of it with incised decoration, as well as

English salt-glazed brown stoneware (A-0975) and delftware. All of the ceramics found

in this feature predate 1720.25

25 Agnew, Historic Archaeology o f Deer Street, 74.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Chapter 3

THE 1705 HOUSE

Moving west along Deer Street, the next house lot that was excavated is the 1705

House (Lot 6, Figures 4 and 5). Although the ownership and occupation history of the

1705 House lot is somewhat convoluted, it illustrates important social links in the area.

As was true of the Deer Tavern lot, this property was sold by George Vaughan in 1702.26

Vaughan sold the land to John Jones, a mason from Kittery, Maine. According to several

published accounts a house was built on this property in 1705 by John Newmarch, the

same merchant credited with building the Deer Tavern.27 The 1705 House is named for

its date o f construction, which is painted on its chimney (Figure 5). In 1736, over thirty

years after Jones purchased the lot, he sold it to brothers Thomas and Samuel Newmarch.

Thomas, a blacksmith from Portsmouth, and Samuel, a boatbuilder from Kittery,

purchased the lot for three hundred pounds. The property fronted fifty feet along Deer

26 RCD, 20:49.

27 Gurney, 36.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Street.28 Samuel Newmarch continued to live in Kittery, and Thomas moved into the

1705 House. Five years after the Newmarch brothers bought the lot they divided the

house and property between themselves. Thomas continued to live in his half of the

house and Samuel rented the other half to tenants. In 1761, Thomas Newmarch died

intestate and an inventory of his half of the 1705 House, other personal property and tools

revealed an estate valued at £3009.6.0 in old tenor. The only ceramic items listed in

Thomas’s inventory were “earthenware on the mantle tree” worth one pound.29

Benjamin Newmarch, Thomas and Samuel’s brother, was responsible for the disposal of

Thomas’s estate. No documents detail what Benjamin did with the property in 1761, but

in 1791 the cooper John Cutt, in his sale of the 1705 House lot mentions that he inherited

this property from his mother Joanna Cut, the daughter of Thomas Newmarch.

(Presumably in 1761, Benjamin Newmarch had transferred Thomas’s half of the property

to Thomas’s daughter, Joanna.) In 1791, John Cutt, who was renting out his half of the

house to a Richard Billings, sold the property for sixty pounds to Thomas Chadboume.30

In the same year Chadboume paid twenty-five pounds to Henry Nutter, mariner, for the

eastern half of the house and lot.31 Just four years later (1795) Chadboume sold the

entire house and lot to another mariner, one Samuel Briard, Jr., for sixty pounds (two

28 RCD, 23:277.

29 RCP, inventory 2813.

30 RCD, 141:292.

31 RCD, 141:290.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. hundred dollars).32 At this time, Briard’s mother, Elizabeth, owned the Deer Tavern

(next door) and Richard Hart, Elizabeth’s brother, owned the house on the other side of

the 1705 House. In 1822, Sarah Briard, Samuel’s widow, sold the eastern half of the lot

for two hundred dollars to Portsmouth merchant William Rice, and in 1823 both Rice and

Oliver Briard (Sarah Briard’s son) are listed in the Portsmouth City Directory as living in

the 1705 House.33 In 1833 Oliver Briard, also a merchant, sold the western portion of the

1705 House lot to one Leonard Cotton for five hundred and ninety dollars.34 Cotton, a

well-known Portsmouth landlord, acquired the Deer Tavern as a rental property just two

years later. David Jenkins, a ship carpenter, paid Leonard Cotton seven hundred and fifty

dollars for the western portion of the 1705 House and lot in 1846.j5 The Portsmouth City

Directories record Jenkins as residing there at least until 1851. In the same year, William

Rice left the eastern portion of the lot to his niece Eliza Rice.36 Eliza, in turn, rented the

property out to various laborers until 1874 when the two halves of the lot finally were

reunited under the ownership of Daniel Sullivan.37 David Jenkins sold the western

32 RCD, 140:426; Bernard L. Herman, Rebecca S. Siders and Carey Fleiner, _Portsmouth, New Hampshire 1821-1823 City Directory (Newark, DE: Center for Historic Archaeology and Engineering, University o f Delaware, 1991), 6, 40.

33 RCD, 235:268.

34 RCD, 290:114.

35 RCD, 322:179.

36 Charles W. Brewster, Portsmouth Directory 1851 (Portsmouth, NH: Charles W. Brewster, 1851), 131; RCP, will 16103.

37 RCD, 449:232.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. portion of the lot to Sullivan in 1874, and Sullivan in turn sold the northern half of the lot

to David Jenkins in 1874. By 1878, Jenkins had built a house on the northern section of

the original 1705 House lot. Sullivan used the 1705 House as a rental property as did

the subsequent owners.

The 1705 House was dismantled during urban renewal in the 1960s and 1970s

and at that time, it was moved to Yarmouth, Maine. Archaeological study of this house

lot was not fruitful since the lot had been disturbed several times during the twentieth

century making analysis of the evidence found there difficult. Although ceramic sherds

were found, (nine reconstructed ceramic vessels from this lot are included in Appendix

B), there were no eighteenth or nineteenth century features of note discovered.

38 RCD, 452:182.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Chapter 4

THE RICHARD HART HOUSE

The next three house lots were much more fertile in terms of ceramic finds. The

first of these lots is the Richard Hart site (Lot 7 and 8C) (Figure 4) which differs from the

other four properties included in this study in that the main house, rather than fronting on

Deer Street, faced Russell Street, which runs parallel to Deer. The property consisted of

two small house lots that were combined by Richard Hart in the 1770s to create the

largest of the lots under discussion.

The lot was initially part of the property owned by George Vaughan. Vaughan,

who sold the eighty by eighty foot Lot 7 to saddler William Ayers in 1704.39 Ayers died

intestate in 1716 leaving the property to his widow, Mary.40 By 1721 Mary Ayers had

remarried and she and her husband Samson Doe sold the lot “with ye dwelling house

39 RCD, 8:325.

40 RCD, 9:32.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. thereon which house was ye late dwelling of ye aforesaid Wm Ayers” to mariner Thomas

Landell.41 Just under twenty years later Thomas’s widow, Margaret Landell, sold the

land and buildings to Eliakim Bickford, yet another mariner.42 Bickford only kept the

property for four years before, in 1744, he sold it to blacksmith Col. John Hart for one

hundred and seventy-five pounds.43 No buildings are mentioned in this deed and it is

unclear if Bickford lived on the lot at any point during his four years of ownership.

(Possibly Bickford raised the buildings, which had been a part of the property when he

purchased it.) John Hart had homes both in Portsmouth and Newington, New Hampshire,

but by the time he sold the Portsmouth lot, he is listed as residing only in Newington. In

1774, he sold the Deer Street land to his nephew Richard Hart for one hundred and sixty

pounds.44

When Richard purchased Lot 7 he was already in possession of the other half of

the property, which was to become what is referred to as the Richard Hart site (Lot 7 &

8C). Lot 8C fronted on Russell Street and remained a walnut tree field until it was sold

after 1722 to John Jones, a bricklayer from Kittery, Maine. In 1737, Jones sold the lot to

John Collins a fellow townsman from Kittery. Included in the sale price of one hundred

and fifty pounds was “a frame of a dwelling house erect on ye sd land” (Figure 6).45

41 RCD, 24:249.

42 RCD, 29:180.

43 RCD, 29:180.

44 RCD, 107:477.

45 RCD, 65:214.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Collins died intestate two years later and left his property real and personal to his widow

Marcy. Although John Collins is listed in Portsmouth town records as a mariner, his

inventory suggests that he was also a merchant who imported English goods into the

colony for sale. Collins’s 1739 inventory lists his household effects followed by a

detailed list of goods including cloth, foodstuffs, hardware and many ceramics. The last

including refined earthenware, coarse redware, salt-glazed white and brown stoneware,

and “China” (probably Chinese export porcelain). The value of the ceramics totaled

approximately forty-eight pounds out of an estate worth £1430.3.3.46 After John

Collins’s death Marcy Collins married blockmaker Daniel Jackson and continued to live

in the Russell Street property and in September 1757, John Collins’s and Marcy Collins

Jackson’s daughter Marcy Collins married Richard Hart47 Three years later the

Jackson’s sold the lot and house fronting on Russell Street to Hart for the nominal sum of

five pounds 48 Shortly thereafter, Richard Hart returned to Marcy Jackson one third of

the house that her daughter and son-in-law now inhabited.49

Richard Hart was a prominent merchant in Portsmouth. The majority of his

family were involved in craftsmanship, but Richard made his fortune by trading New

Hampshire raw materials for English manufactured goods. He also was a member of the

North Meeting House where he owned a pew and served as warden of the parish for

46 RCP, will and inventory, 15:1,51.

47 Tallman, “Portsmouth Families.”

48 RCD, 22:506.

49 Agnew, Historic Archaeology o f Deer Street, 22.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. several years. In 1770, four years before he purchased the other half of the lot (Lot 7)

discussed in this study, Hart was listed as number seventeen out of thirty-two principal

taxpayers of Portsmouth.50 He also belonged to the Federal Fire Society of Portsmouth

and in 1781 served as overseer of the poor.51

In 1774 Richard Hart united lots 7 and 8C and from this point on they remained as

one property. Shortly after his unification of the lots, Hart began to refurbish the house

and property. He continued this work after his wife died in 1790 and built a large garden

at the back of his Russell Street house, which effectively linked the front and back of his

property.52 In period accounts Richard Hart’s house is listed as being “in the rear of the

large garden, the house fronting on Russell Street.”53

Hart died at age 87 in 1820 from “Pulmonic Fever.” At his death, he owned a

share in the Portsmouth aqueduct, several rental properties in Portsmouth and other New

Hampshire towns, a wharf and warehouse, seventeen shares in the New Hampshire Union

Bank and a pew in the North Meeting House.54 His obituary in the Portsmouth Oracle

stated, “A friend of news-papers. Richard Hart, Esq. lately deceased in this town was a

30 Brewster, Rambles About Portsmouth, First Series, 165.

31 New Hampshire Gazette, 29 April 1799, 30 April 1781; Charles C. Hall, Joseph Foster and James R. May, Federal Fire Society o f Portsmouth, New Hampshire (Portsmouth, NH: Federal Fire Society of Portsmouth, 1905); North Church Papers (Portsmouth Athenaeum, Portsmouth, NH, Cabinet 1, Shelf 1, “trunk box”, Blue Box, Folder 6-Deed and Pews 1750-1800).

52 Pinello, 97.

53 Gurney, 38.

54 RCP, will and inventory 10092.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. subscriber without intermission, from the first establishment of each of the following

Newspapers to the close of last year and has left complete files of each, viz. the

Portsmouth Oracle, New Hampshire Gazette, Columbian Centinel, Boston Gazette, and

Palladium.”55 Hart’s will divided his substantial estate (worth $34,639.77) between his

four surviving daughters, Mercy Hart Long, Sarah, Mary Joanna and Elizabeth Hart, and

his grandson, notary public Oliver Wendell Penhallow. Richard Hart’s three unmarried

daughters inherited the mansion house between Deer and Russell Streets where they

continued to live.

When she died in 1863 Elizabeth Hart, the last surviving daughter of Richard, left

the family home to her only nephew Oliver Wendell Penhallow.56 Like his grandfather,

Oliver was a prominent citizen in Portsmouth. He belonged to the same fire society that

Richard Hart had, serving as clerk for a number of years. Penhallow also acted as town

treasurer during the 1830s.57 In 1873, ten years after he inherited the Russell Street lot,

Oliver willed the property to his daughter Harriet Louise Penhallow whom, in turn, left

the lot to the South Church in 1884.58 The Richard Hart site had remained in the Hart

family for five generations, surviving relatively unchanged from the time it was built.

55 Portsmouth Oracle, 4 March 1820.

56 RCP, will 18951.

57 Hall, Foster and May, Federal Fire Society.

58 RCP, will 1053, will 3169.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. South Church sold the Richard Hart site in 1885 to John Coleman who willed it when he

died in 1901 to his wife Sarah. She sold it to Raphael Paola in 1913.59

Excavation of the Richard Hart site uncovered a wealth of ceramic evidence

linking privies, pits and foundations with the several generations of the Hart family that

resided on the property. Ceramics were found in several areas of the lot, but four features

represent the largest and most important depositions. Two of these are from the southern

portion of the lot (facing Deer Street) and include two foundations. The earlier of the

two, the remains of a small stone cellar foundation (DS5.7.F102), yielded ceramic

evidence which dates the fill to between 1735 and 1745. English delftware and salt-

glazed stonewares variously of English and Rhenish production make up the majority of

the sherds found in this feature. Based on the placement of this feature, it is likely to be

the remains of the William Ayers house, which is listed on deeds prior to 1740 but does

not appear on the 1744 transfer of property from Eliakim Bickford to Col. John Hart.60

The second foundation (DS3.7.F12) belonged to a structure, whose cellar was

filled in between 1750 and 1780. The transfer o f property between Col. John Hart and

Richard Hart does not mention a building on the site suggesting that the building was

demolished before 1774 when Richard purchased Lot 7. By then Richard Hart already

owned the Russell Street half of the property and would not have needed another house

making it likely that he or John Hart demolished the Deer Street house. The ceramics

found there appear to predate the introduction of pearlware to America, but postdate the

59 RCD, 417:310, 647:75, 672:378.

60 Agnew, Historic Archaeology o f Deer Street, 73.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. advent of creamware there. Creamware generally does not appear on American sites

before circa 1750 and pearlware not before circa 1780. These two dates indicate that the

foundation was filled some time between 1750 and 1780.61 Other ceramic sherds from

the cellar include English salt-glazed white stoneware, slipware, tin-glazed earthenware,

sponge-decorated English earthenware and Chinese export porcelain.

The northern half of the Richard Hart site (Lot 8C, Figure 4) yielded several

important features including two privies. The first is wood-lined (DS3.8C.F48) and dates

to the years of John Collins occupation. It contained ceramics with a mean date of circa

1753 and an overall suggested deposition date of circa 1755 to 1760. Sponge-decorated

earthenware, salt-glazed white stoneware, including plates with shaped and molded rims,

and slip-decorated earthenware were found as was one of the most significant artifacts

from this site, a glass bottle seal inscribed “John Collings 1736.”63 This piece, combined

with the ceramic evidence, indicates that the Collins family used this privy during their

occupation of Lot 8C.

The second privy (DS3.8C.F2) is assigned a final filling date of circa 1800.64

Feature 2 contained a large quantity of ceramics and glass at its base including large

quantities of blue and white Chinese export porcelain with matching cups and saucers

61 Agnew, Historic Archaeology of Deer Street, 65; George L. Miller, “Origins of Josiah Wedgwood's ‘Pearlware’,” Northeast Historical Archaeology 16(1987): 83.

62 Chinese Export Porcelain is a hard-fired ceramic composed of kaolin and petuntse made and typically decorated in China for the purpose of export to Europe.

63 Agnew, Historic Archaeology o f Deer Street, 68.

64 Agnew, Historic Archaeology of Deer Street, 63.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. and English hand-painted blue and white pearlware, soft-paste porcelain and creamware.

One molded creamware sauceboat fragment (A-0270) is marked on the base “Walker

Minories” in reference to a distributor rather than, as is more usual, to a manufacturer.

Salt-glazed white stoneware molded plates of the same pattern as those found in the

earlier privy, (Feature 48) were also found. These fragments may indicate Marcy Collins

Jackson passed some of her dinner ware on to her daughter Marcy Collins Hart.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Chapter §

THE HART-SHORTRIDGE HOUSE

The Hart-Shortridge site (Lot 8B, Figure 4), the next lot to the West of the

Richard Hart lot, was at one time inhabited by Richard’s cousin, John Hart, Jr. (John’s

father sold Lot 7 to Richard in 1774.) George Vaughan subdivided the Hart-Shortridge

site in 1705. At that time, Vaughan sold to Richard Waldron the lot that would become

Lots 8A and 8B.65 Waldron purchased the property for one hundred and eleven pounds

and, upon his death, the Deer Street property (Lots 8A and 8B) was passed to his son

George Waldron who in turn sold it in 1758 to his brother Thomas Westbrook Waldron

of Dover.66 This sale also included several other family properties. Waldron continued

to live in Dover and just two years later, in 1760, he sold the eastern half of the lot he had

purchased from George Waldron to John Hart, Jr. for five hundred pounds.67 Hart, a

ropemaker and cousin of Richard Hart, soon built a seven-room Georgian house on the

65 RCD, 7:196.

66 RCD, 103:261.

67 RCD, 73:175.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. property (Figure 7). AS There is no known record of Hart ever marrying or having

children. This may explain why he left his property both real and personal to his

housekeeper Sarah Tripe when he died in 1790. Hart’s will states “I give and bequeath

unto Sarah Tripe who has kept my house for many years past the whole of the dwelling

house, and the lot of land thereto belonging being the same where I now live ... I also

give unto said Sarah Tripe all the furniture now in and belonging to said house for her

own use and benefit for ever.” Included in those belongings were the “China and Glass

in the Western Closet, ditto in the Eastern Closet broken” worth just under four pounds.

Hart’s total estate was worth £1611.16.9.69 Sarah Tripe’s husband and children lived in

the Hart-Shortridge house at this point, but it is unclear if they had been living there

before Hart’s death. When Sarah’s husband, Samuel, died in 1803, the inventory of the

house was almost identical to that taken after John Hart, Jr.’s death, but by the time Sarah

died in 1809 the inventory list was significantly reduced. Sarah7ft Tripe willed the Hart-

Shortridge property to her niece Lois Shortridge and her niece’s children, Sarah Ann

Shortridge Adams and John Hart Shortridge. Lois and her husband Richard Shortridge

were given the right to live in the house until Lois’s death.71 This placed Richard

Shortridge in the house next to that built by his parents Richard and Mary Pitman

68 Diana Edwards, Steven R. Pendery and Aileen Button Agnew, “Generations of Trash: Ceramics from the Hart-Shortridge House, 1760-1860, Portsmouth, New Hampshire,” American Ceramic Circle Journal, 6: 30.

69 RCP, will 5557.

70 RCP, inventory 7093.

71 RCP, will 8378.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Shortridge. Lois and Richard’s children, Sarah Ann and John, inherited one-third and

two-thirds, respectively, of the title to the house and land with the provision that the

house be improved and repaired. John Hart Shortridge went about repairing and

improving the Hart-Shortridge House adding a third floor and updating the colonial-style

house with more fashionable Federal details. He paid for these changes by taking out a

mortgage on the property with Nathaniel Jackson a local tanner in 1822.72 In 1825, John

Hart Shortridge presented the estate with a bill for repairs of $7,007, which in turn

bankrupted it.73 Not surprisingly, Sarah Ann Shortridge Adams’s husband William

Adams sued on Sarah’s behalf to have her brother John removed as an executor of the

estate. Then in 1832 Lois Shortridge sold her life-interest in the Hart-Shortridge property

to her daughter, Sarah Ann Shortridge Adams, for six hundred dollars.74 At that time,

two borders were living in the Deer Street house. Mrs. Adams immediately re-mortgaged

the Hart-Shortridge property to a John Jenness during that same year.75 In 1834 the

Portsmouth City Directory lists, the widow Sarah Ann Shortridge Adams as running a

boarding house on Deer Street and records that John Jenness, the new owner of the

mortgage on her property is boarding at the establishment.76 By 1851, Jenness and his

72 RCD, 234:224.

73 Pinello, 77.

74 RCD, 267:315.

75 RCD, 267:316.

76 Joseph M. Edmonds, The Portsmouth Directory, 1834 (Portsmouth, NH: Joseph M. Edmonds, 1834), 1, 17.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. brother Peter were renting Sarah Adams’s Deer Street property and Mrs. Adams had

moved from the Hart-Shortridge site to a house on Warren Street.77 Sarah sold the house

in 1856 to Peter Jenness who was president of the Bank of New Hampshire and at that

time owned the mortgage on the house property.78 When, in 1865, Peter Jenness died

intestate the lot passed to his wife and children who in turn sold it four years later to

George Vanderhoff.79 Vanderhoff deeded the property to Caroline Augustus Young in

1874 who then sold it to the Old Ladies Home two years later.80 The house remained a

g i home for aged women until it was sold to the Portsmouth Housing Authority in 1970.

The Hart-Shortridge site is unique among the Deer Street lots excavated because it

functioned as more than a single family home for much of its history.

The Hart-Shortridge site yielded large numbers of ceramics with important

features dating to each of the main periods of occupation. The earliest feature, a wood-

lined privy, (DS2.8B.F12) dates to John Hart, Jr.’s residence on the property (1760-

1790). He purchased the lot in 1760 and built a house on the lot soon thereafter, which

included this privy. This feature was filled around 1770 and contained fifty-five

reconstructible vessels with a date range of circa 1735-1770. Twenty-three of the fifty-

five identifiable vessels were salt-glazed white stoneware probably from Staffordshire.

77 Brewster, Portsmouth Directory 1851, 101, 130.

78 RCD, 372:79.

79 RCP, will 19789; RCD, 425:455.

80 RCD, 446:411,456:333.

81 RCD, 2046:288.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Other ceramics included a gilded English delftware tea bowl and an English creamware

saucer (A-0262) with beaded decoration.82

The occupation of the site by Sarah Tripe and her family (1790-1809) is

evidenced by feature 14, a small stone-lined cellar (DS2.8B.F14) that contained forty-

four ceramic vessels. The nature of this feature suggests that these were dumped into the

bottom of the cellar before it was filled. The ceramics include undecorated creamware,

Chinese export porcelain, redwares, and hand-painted pearlware. Of the forty-four

vessels, pearlware and lead-glazed redware made up the largest percentage. These items

suggest a date of deposition circa 1790-1800, shortly after the death of John Hart, Jr.83

Perhaps Sarah Tripe was throwing away some of the broken or outdated items from

Hart’s inventory. This type of wholesale disposal of glass and ceramic vessels in trash

pits, privies and other locations seems to have been a recurring phenomenon in the

Eastern United States during the first three decades of the nineteenth century.84

Feature 14 of Lot 8B appears to be an example of “wholesale deposition,” the

most overwhelming example of this is related to Feature 1 (DS2.8B.F1). That feature,

another stone-lined cellar, yielded more than four hundred reconstructible ceramic

vessels. These all pre-dating 1840 and were densely packed. Many were intact when

deposited and some were dropped into the cellar in stacks.85 The objects represent a long

82 Edwards, Pendery and Agnew, 34.

83 Ibid., 37.

84 Ibid., 49.

85 Ibid., 37.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. period of acquisition and use as indicated by the presence of early English salt-glazed

stoneware and circa 1800 to 1840 transfer-printed pearlware. This type of disposal seems

consistent with a change of household. Sarah Ann Shortridge Adams moved from her

Deer Street property in the early 1850s perhaps prompting the Jenness family to dispose

of items she left behind. These were likely a combination of vessels purchased by Mrs.

Adams and some she inherited from Sarah Tripe and John Hart, Jr.

Chronologically, those ceramics from DS2.8B.F1, which could have been

purchased by John Hart during his residence on Deer Street during the second half of the

eighteenth century, include English salt-glazed stoneware, tortoise-shell and colored-

glazed creamware, and delftware. Many of the items could have been acquired by either

John Hart or Sarah Tripe. These include imported English earthenwares such as

undecorated creamware including a coffeepot manufactured by the Leeds Pottery (A-

0064), hand-painted pearlware such as a set of blue-edged twifflers from Wedgwood (A-

0235, A-0236) and a small quantity of Chinese export porcelain. The majority of vessels

found in Feature 1 were made between 1800 and 1840 and are English export items or

locally produced redware. Pearlware accounts for nearly half of the ceramics and is

composed of blue and green shell-edged dinner wares and transfer-printed teawares.86

The pearlware cups and saucers, variously with over ten different transfer-print patterns,

suggest an importance placed on owning a tea set with a variety of printed patterns rather

than many pieces in a single pattern.

86Shell-edged wares are typically in creamware or pearlware sometimes with blue or green painting on their shell-relief patterned rims. These wares were particularly popular in Europe and America during the last quarter of the eighteenth century.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. The final Hart-Shortridge feature of importance, from a ceramics standpoint, is a

privy (DS2.8B.F5) that was filled in circa 1860 and was probably used by the Jenness

family. The feature contained mainly English export ceramics including a number of

soft-paste porcelain vessels, several porcellaneous white-wares, and copper and pink

luster ware.87 The ceramic vessels recovered from the four main features on the Hart-

Shortridge site help to illustrate the financial circumstances and choices of those people

living on the lot from the mid-eighteenth through the mid-nineteenth centuries.

Edwards, Pendery and Agnew, 47; Porcellaneous white-wares are hard-fired wares having some qualities of porcelain, but lacking its translucency. Luster is decoration having a metallic appearance, either as a ground completely covering the piece or as a design, to a ceramic body. Gold or platinum applied and fired at reduction or oxidation creates different colors ranging from copper-color to silver and pink to orange.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Chapter 6

THE RICHARD SHORTRIDGE HOUSE

The fifth and final lot that was excavated on Deer Street is the Richard Shortridge

site (Lot 8 A, Figure 4). Until 1760, this parcel was part of the Hart-Shortridge site (Lot

8B), but in that year Thomas Westbrook Waldron divided his property into two, selling

Lot 8B to John Hart, Jr. and Lot 8A to mariner Reuben Abbott.88 Also in 1760, Reuben

Abbott deeded his Deer Street property, another Portsmouth lot and a Negro man named

George to his mother, Susannah Pitman “in consideration of the love, good will &

parental affection which I [Reuben] have for & in do bear towards [her].”89 Six years

later (1766) widow Susannah Pitman sold Lot 8A to her son-in-law, cabinetmaker

Richard Shortridge, for one hundred and seventy-five pounds.90 In that same year,

Richard Shortridge had a house built on the property for his family (Figure 8). Richard

died in 1776 and left to his wife Mary Pitman Shortridge his property valued at over eight

88 RCD, 63:335.

89 RCD, 65:403.

90 RCD, 79:320.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. hundred pounds. The following year an inventory was taken of the property, listing “the

mansion house where the widow now dwells.. .and a small house fronting on Deer Street

where Humphry Femald dwells.” Together the two houses were valued at six hundred

pounds. Among ceramics worth a total of over two and a half pounds listed in the

inventory of the front room were “1 large china bowl, 6 china coffee cups, Queens china

[creamware] viz. 1 coffee pot, 1 tea pot, 1 sugar dish, cream pot, lA doz. Plates, 6 cups &

saucers and 3 china cups & saucers.”91 Mary Shortridge continued to live at Deer Street

after the death of Richard and eventually remarried, this time to a mariner named John

Donaldson. In 1783, John and Mary Shortridge Donaldson sold the site for five hundred

pounds to brothers Samuel and Thomas Rice, mariners from Kittery, Maine. Samuel92

Rice and his wife Elizabeth moved to the lot at that time. When he died in 1802, he left

his portion of the Shortridge lot to Elizabeth for her use during her lifetime.93 This

transaction does not mention the smaller house fronting on Deer Street that Humphry

Femald was living in at the time of Richard Shortridge’s death. Over forty years later, in

1848, the heirs of Samuel Rice sold the property to Samuel’s nephew-in-law, Isaac

Parsons for six hundred dollars. Elizabeth Rice Parsons (Samuel Rice’s niece) was

deeded the use of the Shortridge lot when her husband Isaac died in 1851.94 After

91 RCP, will 4326.

92 RCD, 116:94.

93 RCP, will 6947.

94 RCP, will 16108.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Elizabeth’s death, Isaac’s heirs sold the property to one William Femald.95 The property

remained in the Femald family from 1866 until 1913 when widow Sarah H. Femald sold

the lot to Sarah A. Coleman.96 In 1938, the Portsmouth Trust and Guarantee Company

foreclosed on the land which had passed to Sarah’s widower, John Colman.97 The

Shortridge house was moved in 1970 to the north side of Deer Street in an effort to save

some of the eighteenth century houses of Portsmouth from urban renewal.

The disturbance to Lot 8 A caused by moving the house made it possible to

excavate only the front and rear of the site. The earliest feature found in this effort was a

well (DS5.8A.F129), which pre-dates the documented structures at the site. This stone-

lined well was filled before 1750 and yielded English slip-cast, salt-glazed white and

brown stoneware, delftware and locally manufactured redware.98 The filled well was

incorporated into the construction of the small house listed on Richard Shortridge’s 1776

inventory. The house’s stone-lined foundation (DS4.8A.F73), inclusive of the well,

contained refined ceramics (deposit dates to circa 1760-1785) including English unglazed

black “basalt” stoneware, soft-paste porcelain, creamware, and hand-painted pearlware.99

These ceramics may be among those listed in Richard Shortridge’s inventory (see p. 28),

and may have been left behind or thrown away by Mary Shortridge Donaldson when she

95 RCD, 415:236.

96 RCD, 673:150.

97 RCD, 942:230.

98 Agnew, Historic Archaeology o f Deer Street, 75.

99 Ibid., 71.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. sold the property in 1783. A privy (DS3.8A.F58) dating to the time of the Rice family’s

occupation of the site (1783-1848) was found on the rear of the lot. This feature was

filled around 1815 and contained English undecorated creamware, painted and transfer-

printed pearlware and small amounts of Chinese export porcelain.100

100 Ibid., 69.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Chapter 7

EVALUATION OF SELECTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL FRAGMENTS

Each of the five house lots excavated on Deer Street have been analyzed in

regards to their distinct archaeological features and ceramic vessels. Based on familial

and economic connections among the people on Deer Street there is a relatively uniform

nature to many of the wares uncovered there. Some exceptions include fragments from

the Deer Tavern lot, which contained the oldest ceramic finds, and the relatively few

vessels, which were recovered from the 1705 House property. The following analysis of

the excavated and reconstructed vessels is organized by material. Selected objects have

been chosen for discussion because they have characteristics making them particularly

identifiable in a larger decorative arts context. This is not an archaeological analysis of

every ceramic uncovered from these lots, but a sampling of the types of wares which

were found and whose original character, either their form or decoration, is recognizable.

For more detailed information on these and many other Deer Street vessels, refer to the

Reconstructed Vessel Inventory in appendix B. Please note that the thousands of Deer

Street sherds, which have not been reconstructed, are not included in this study.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Earthenware

Unrefined Red- and Buff-Bodied Earthenware

Some of the most common items found at Deer Street were English and American

unrefined red- and buff-bodied earthenwares. Utilitarian in function, these vessels were

used throughout the period under discussion. Earthenware of these types were

inexpensive and therefore available to every family that lived on street, regardless of

economic status. Of the ninety-six reconstructed red- and buff-bodied earthenware pieces

found, the majority were undecorated chamber pots, milk pans, basins and other food

storage vessels (for examples see A-0015, A-0017, A-0254, A-0260, A-0693 and A-

0992).

The Piscataqua region, including Portsmouth, had a number of redware potters at

work during the second half of the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth

centuries and seventy-two of the redware objects uncovered at Deer Street are likely of

Piscataqua manufacture. Two tankards, one (A-0197) from the Hart-Shortridge lot and

the other (A-0699) from the Richard Hart site are indicative of wares produced in the

Piscataqua region. Covered in an iron-rich lead glaze they range in date from 1750 to

1820 the traditional forms and decoration, however, remained unchanged. Slip-decorated

redware were also produced in New England and are in evidence at Deer Street. The

simple patterns are typically composed of intertwined trailed lines of yellow slip on the

red body, as is the case on a baking dish (A-0030) from the Hart-Shortridge lot. More

refined and ornate buff-bodied earthenwares from Staffordshire or Bristol and, in the case

of seven of the pieces, North Devon were also found. An example of the

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Staffordshire/Bristol wares common in Portsmouth is a small buff colored dotware mug

(A-0882) from the Richard Hart house lot. This piece displays the use of dark-on-light

dots, which was popular as a decorative motif for slipware in England and America

throughout the eighteenth century. The wares from North Devon were found exclusively

in the earliest Deer Street features: a circa 1715-1735 pit (DS5.5.F100) and a well

(DS5.5.F120), circa 1690-1720. The finds from these features could have belonged to

any o f several of the inhabitants of the Deer Tavern between 1705 and 1735. During this

period, trade between North Devon and the American colonies was at its height. North

Devon buff-colored, gravel-tempered earthenwares were coated in a pale slip and incised

with designs. The result was a basic utilitarian ware with unique decorative elements.

Although North Devon did produce highly decorated vessels, the Deer Tavern examples

are undecorated or retain simple designs. Two of the most interesting pieces from the

Deer Tavern are large, flat-bottomed bowls (A-1025 and A-0996) with incised birds on

their interior bases. This common form was adapted in one case to serve as an

undecorated colander (A-1029).

Unrefined buff-bodied earthenware vessels, prevalent at most of the house lots,

were not found at the Hart-Shortridge site. This is significant because large numbers of

every other major ceramic type of the period were excavated from that site, including

English tin-glazed earthenware.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Tin-glazed Earthenware or Delftware

Of the twenty-six delftware reconstructed vessels in this study, five were found on

the Deer Tavem property, twelve at the Richard Hart site, three on the Hart-Shortridge

House lot and two at the Richard Shortridge house (see appendix B). Four of the

delftware vessels discussed here can not be linked to a particular lot (A-0010, A-1037,

DS4.4.026 and DS5.012). The feature summary from Aileen Agnew’s final

archaeological report for Deer Street lists four features as containing significant amounts

of delftware; one from the Hart-Shortridge house lot (D31/2.8B.F1) and three from the

Deer Tavem site (DS5.5.F100, FI 10 and F120). The present study adds to these several

features at the Richard Hart site (DS3/4.7.F12, DS4.7.F46, DS3/4.7.F78, DS5.7.F102 and

DS3.8C.F2) and two features from the Richard Shortridge lot (DS4.8A.F58 and F72A).

The reconstructed delftware vessels are predominantly of English origin. This is

not surprising since most of the merchant vessels sailing into Portsmouth were bearing

English goods. Portsmouth was originally established as an English trading colony and

that country continued to influence trade in the town even after the American Revolution.

Although not unusual elsewhere in America, Continental ceramics were uncommon in

Portsmouth during the eighteenth century. Three pieces of French tin-glazed earthenware

found indicate that England did not have an exclusive hold on trading networks. The first

fragments are from the Richard Hart site and include a scalloped plate rim (A-0758) with

cobalt and iron decoration found in a circa 1750-1775 posthole and a bowl rim with

manganese shell (?) decoration (A-0753) from a circa 1770-1800 privy. Both date to the

period when Richard Hart and his family occupied the Lots 7&8C. The third piece, a

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. dish with a manganese band surmounting a geometric border around the interior rim,

came from a circa 1800-1815 privy at the Richard Shortridge lot. This feature was filled

during the time of the Rice family’s ownership of the property (Lot 8 A). Hart and Rice

both had access to imported wares through their connections with trade and sailing

vessels. Rather than buying at local shops perhaps Hart imported his pieces on one of his

own ships and Rice may have purchased his dish while in a foreign port.

Bowls, plates, dishes, a tile, a basin, a cylindrical vessel and several other English

delftware sherds were found at four of the five lots excavated on Deer Street, but by far

the most common form uncovered was the punch bowl. Predominantly decorated with

blue and white Chinese-inspired landscapes or chinoiserie designs, these eight bowls

reflect the importance of punch in eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Portsmouth

culture. Two bowls (A-0008 and A-0075) found on the Hart-Shortridge property in a late

eighteenth century cellar (DS1/2.8B.F1) with a circa 1840 fill date represent a type that

was particularly popular in colonial America. The first example (A-0008) has a

powdered manganese ground with reserves filled with painted blue fish. Such bowls are

typically dated to the 1730-1750 era, but evidence from the Rhinelander papers proves

that they continued to be popular, at least in New York, until 1776, when Frederick

Rhinelander mentioned them in a letter to his Liverpool agent.101 The Hart-Shortridge

fish bowl also is significant because it was repaired (glued) before it was discarded in the

cellar. Several Portsmouth merchants advertised ceramic mending services including a

101 Arlene Palmer Schwind, “The Ceramic Imports of Frederick Rhinelander, New York Loyalist Merchant” Winterthur Portfolio\9, no. 1 (Spring 1984): 26.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Clement Jackson who declared in The New Hampshire Gazette in January o f 1767 the he

“mends all sorts of China ware (when crack’d or broken).. .in the neatest and best

manner.”102 The second Hart-Shortridge punch bowl is decorated on the exterior with a

Chinese landscape and on the interior with the phrase “Success to Trade,” written in blue

script. According to John Austin’s British Delft at Williamsburg, at least three other

recorded bowls and three partial bowls in America bear this inscription. Success is more

frequently wished to an entity such as a ship, a person, or a war rather than an activity as

in the case of the Hart-Shortridge example.103 The vessels in this feature, as mentioned

previously, appear to have been disposed of en masse in conjunction with the change of

household between Sarah Ann Shortridge Adams and the Jenness family. Sarah most

likely inherited these pieces from John Hart, Jr. through her aunt, Sarah Tripe. John Hart

must have purchased them some time before his 1790 death. The vessels were discarded

in the nineteenth century, long after they were out of date. Both this passing of vessels

from one generation to another and the repairing of such pieces imply that they had some

social importance to their owners.

Cream-Colored Earthenware or Creamware

Next to pearlware (see section D), cream-colored earthenware, with one hundred

and four objects, is the most common type of reconstructed vessel included in this study.

107 Advertisement, • The New Hampshire Gazette, 23 January 1767.

103 John C. Austin, British Delft at Williamsburg (Williamsburg: The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 1994), 92, pi. 64.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Of that number, forty-seven are undecorated and range from teacups and saucers to sugar

casters and from pint bowls to mugs. Undecorated examples were found on all five

house lots in a variety of features ranging in date from 1750 to 1870, with the most

fragments deposited in early nineteenth century features. After that time pearlware, with

or without decoration came strongly into fashion. In response, Deer Street families seem

to have discarded their older creamware services. Feather edged and royal edged

creamware, as well as shell-edged pearlware dinner services were ubiquitous in late

eighteenth and early nineteenth century features on all five sites. Few of the relevant

vessels are marked. The exceptions include several royal edged muffin plates (A-0235,

A-0236) found on the Hart-Shortridge site. They bear an impressed heart on their bases;

probably a potters mark used at Wedgwood during the second half of the eighteenth

century.104

The highest number of reconstructed creamware vessels of the five sites come

from the Hart-Shortridge site with thirty vessels and the Richard Shortridge lot with

forty-four. Several pieces from both sites are decorated with “tortoiseshell” colored lead

glazes. Included among these is an oval plate (A-0023) with a relief molded basket

border design found on the Hart-Shortridge site. This Staffordshire piece is likely a stand

for a basket or a covered serving dish. A circa 1750-1755 sugar bowl (A-0021) from the

same site may have been made at the Whieldon factory. This vessel, lacking its original

cover, is decorated with sprig-molded flowers and sponged brown and green glaze. It

104 Donald C. Towner, English Cream-Coloured Earthenware (London: Faber and Faber, 1957), 92-94.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. was deposited on the site in the same cellar as the afore mentioned oval plate

(DS1.8B.F1). Both pieces were probably owned by John Hart, Jr. or Sarah Tripe and

deposited in the feature by someone from the Shortridge household.

Potteries such as Whieldon, Wedgwood, in Staffordshire and Leeds, in Yorkshire

produced the majority of cream-colored earthenware found at Deer Street. Eight

reconstructed creamware vessels from the Richard Hart lot are attributable. Six of these

were from a circa 1750-75 cellar (DS4.7.F12) which was filled during Col. John Hart’s

time there, with a final deposition and fill occurring in conjunction with Richard Hart’s

purchase of the property in 1774. The creamware fragments include a circa 1760-1780

molded cabbage or cauliflower teapot handle and spout (A-0785 and A-0788) with relief

leaf decoration and sponged colored lead glaze. According to Donald Towner, the

combination of this handle and spout verifies that Wedgwood manufactured the piece.105

Another Wedgwood attribution can be applied to a circa 1759-65 melon-shaped (A-0700)

teapot decorated with rouletted bands of dots and vertical stripes of green and yellow.

Similar examples in the collections of Winterthur Museum and Temple Newsam House

are attributed to Wedgwood.106

105 Ibid., 65.

106 Object File 1955.0136.012A,B, Registrar’s Office, Winterthur Museum, Winterthur, DE; Peter Walton, Creamware and Other English Pottery at Temple Newsam House, Leeds (London: Manningham Press, 1976), 82, fig. 270.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Pearlware

During the nineteenth century, pearlware (pale buff-colored earthenware coated in

a slightly blue-tinted lead glaze) replaced creamware as the most common dinner and

teaware in Portsmouth and other American cities. Two hundred and sixty-six

reconstructed late eighteenth and early nineteenth century pearlware vessels from Deer

Street were examined, and these represent the largest number of reconstructed vessels

from the lots. Predominantly decorated with either cobalt hand-painted motifs or

transfer-printed designs the vessels were, in large part (150 pieces), excavated at the

Hart-Shortridge House.

The decorative motifs on the pearlware are predominately of Chinese porcelain

inspiration. Such patterns were particularly sought after in England and Europe during

the fist half of the eighteenth century, however their popularity persisted in Portsmouth

and elsewhere in America well into the 1800s. As a rule exotic landscapes dotted with

pagodas and tropical flowers surpassed naturalistic and patriotic decorative schemes in

popularity. Oddly none of the transfer-printed or painted wares from Deer Street display

patriotic or American landscape themes.

Three hand-painted pearlware teabowls (A-0380, A-0964 and A-0384) help to

illustrate the popularity of a particular Chinese landscape design on wares used by

Portsmouth residents. Often referred to as the tree, house and fence pattern, this

combination of elements was frequently used by Staffordshire pearlware potters to

decorate their earlier teawares. The two teabowls that are from the Richard Shortridge

site (A-0384 and A-0964, respectively from DS4.8A.F72A and DS4.8A.F73) have

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. vertically ribbed bodies. The one from the Richard Hart lot (A-0380 from DS3.8C.F2) is

smooth-sided. All three cups were painted by different hands, but the overall Chinese

landscapes are the same. Twenty-two teaware vessels with variations of this pattern were

discovered across all five Deer Street sites.

Hand-painted, shell-edged pearlwares with the central reserves left undecorated

were popular English export items from around 1790 and were long in fashion in

America. Blue and green shell-edged dinner wares (see A-0032 and A-0526) were used

in large numbers by Portsmouth inhabitants and eighty-two examples were excavated at

various Deer Street lots. Unlike the overall Asian landscapes, which are most often

found on Portsmouth teasets, this border design typically decorated dinner services.

Shell-edged plates were still being used in Portsmouth well into the third decade of the

nineteenth century, well after they had gone out of vogue in England.

The largest deposits of pearlware unearthed at the Portsmouth sites were

decorated with blue transfer-print designs. The Hart-Shortridge site yielded the most

vessels of this type, as well as the greatest variety of patterns. Twenty-three distinct

patterns were excavated from the lot, six of which variously were also found on at least

one other Deer Street site. All but six of the Hart-Shortridge pearlware vessels were

found in feature DS1.8B.F1 (cellar), which had the largest vessel count of any feature on

the street. The ceramics from the cellar were deposited over a period of at least fifty

years and include items owned by John Hart, Jr., Sarah Tripe, John Hart Shortridge and

Sarah Ann Shortridge Adams (see also pp. 24-27). Many of these vessels were likely

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. passed from one family member to another before finally being disposed of around 1840

when the property passed out of Shortridge ownership.

A large deposition o f this type aids in the analysis of the broad range of transfer

printed wares being sold in Portsmouth during the first forty years of the nineteenth

century. Nearly all of the patterns are based on loose interpretations of Chinese export

porcelain designs or depict English country life. The Chinese landscapes including the

“Willow n” pattern were found at the Richard Hart and Richard Shortridge sites and are

represented by two muffin plates, a saucer, a teabowl and a plate (A-0057, A-0073, A-

0872, A-0873 and A-0977). English rural designs such as the “Milk Maid” (see A-0149,

A-0499 and A-0935) and “Wild Rose” (see A-0076, A-0502 and A-0989) were found at

more than one property. The “Milk Maid” on teawares from the Richard Shortridge and

Hart-Shortridge properties and the “Wild Rose” on plates, a milk jug and a pitcher.

One pattern that caught the eye of Deer Street residents is unusual for being a

classical-revival print. It is in the style of the miniature portrait painter Adam Buck and

is depicted on five reconstructed vessels (A-0762, A-0762a-d) from three different sites.

This design portrays a woman and child in a neoclassical interior. Buck’s work was

frequently adapted for transfer-prints on pottery dating from the 1820s through the 1850s.

Dipped Ware

Dipped ware, made in pearlware and creamware, is common among fragments

found in features with deposition dates between 1760 and 1860. Vessels of this type are

decorated variously in mocha (dendritic) patterns, banding, marbling, variegated motifs,

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. engine-turning or inlaid designs, but were commonly referred to as dipped wares in the

period.107 Twenty-three dipped ware vessels from Deer Street were reconstructed. Seven

of these can not be attributed to a specific site or feature. Eight others were found at the

Hart-Shortridge site, five at the Richard Shortridge House lot, two on the Deer Tavern

property and one at the Richard Hart lot. These finds variously display all of the above

mentioned decorative schemes and date to the late eighteenth or early nineteenth century.

They could have been deposited by any of the families that lived on the property during

that period. Two jugs from feature DS2.8B.F1 (cellar, circa 1840) at the Hart-Shortridge

site help to demonstrate the diversity of decoration that was executed on similar vessel

shapes. These bear handles with identical press molded foliate terminals, however, one

vessel is in creamware with mocha decoration (A-0059) and the other is in pearlware

with a banded striped slip surface (A-0052). The pieces are both circa 1805-1820 and

from England. The Deer Street dipped ware finds are illustrative of eighteenth and

nineteenth century English production and American consumption.

Luster Ware

English luster ware was made in small amounts from 1780 until 1800 after which

it increased in popularity through the 1830s when it was produced in massive quantities

mainly for the Dutch and American markets.108 It is unclear which factory first produced

English luster ware, but at the height of its popularity the majority of potteries were

107 Jonathan Rickard and Donald Carpentier, “Methods of Slip Decoration on Fine Utilitarian Earthenware” American Ceramic Circle Journal 10 (1997): 37.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. manufacturing it. One small copper luster sherd (A-0772) was found at the Richard Hart

site and the six reconstructed luster vessels from the Hart-Shortridge House lot are all

from feature DS1.8B.F1, a late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century cellar. These

pieces were likely owned by Sarah Tripe or her grandchildren John Hart Shortridge and

Sarah Ann Shortridge Adams. Four of the six have creamware bodies — two with copper

luster (DS2.8B.150a and DS2.8B.150b) and two with pink luster (A-0222 and A-0452).

The remaining two vessels are whiteware decorated with pink luster (DS2.8B.115 and

DS2.8B.106&155). The term “pink luster” refers to wares bearing any amount of rose-

colored gold decoration including printed wares, even if there is only one line of luster

around the rim, as is the case with one mug (A-0222). The majority of the fragment that

retained the printed landscape is missing from this black transfer-printed creamware

piece. The popular inscription “When this you see/Remember me” remains, however,

and versions of it appear on a London delftware wine bottle in 1640 and on a slipware jug

dated 1666, among other early vessels. The phrase was still in use as late as 1864 when it

was inscribed on a flowered slipware puzzle jug made by Rogers and Sons of

Somerset.109

Lead-glazed Colored-Bodied Wares

Only two lead-glazed colored-bodied refined ware vessels were found during the

excavations. The first fragment, from the Richard Shortridge site, is a red-bodied

108 Daniel Catton Rich, “Pink Luster” Antiques no. 6 (Dec. 1922): 268. 109 Leslie B. Grigsby,The Longridge Collection o f English Slipware and Delftware (London: Jonathan Home Publications, 2000), 152, no. S90.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. earthenware (or possibly stoneware) lid sherd (A-0972) with bands of engine-turned

striated ribbing created with a rose and crown lathe. The vessel originally was cylindrical

in shape with sharply angled shoulders, a low domed lid with a simple finial, and

probably a thrown tapered cylindrical spout and press-molded handle. The second find is

from the Hart lot and is a blackware creamer with a glossy black glaze over a dark red

body. The piece probably had a short cylindrical foot and an ear-shaped handle formed

from an extruded strap with a pinched lower terminal.

Stoneware

Salt-glazed Stoneware

During the first three-quarters of the eighteenth century salt-glazed white

stoneware was preferred over creamware in Portsmouth homes. Sixty-three salt-glazed

white, brown and gray stoneware reconstructed vessels are included in this study, and

represent the largest number of stonewares excavated. The final archaeological report

written for Deer Street lists ten features as containing significant quantities of salt-glazed

white- and brown-bodied stoneware. These features represent all of the lots included in

the excavation, except the 1705 House lot. Due to a lack of information eleven vessels

from the group can not be attributed to specific sites or features. Of these, four pieces are

of “Nottingham-type,” meaning glossy brown-bodied, salt-glazed stoneware. As

Nottingham-type wares were found at Deer Tavern, the examples from unknown features

perhaps also came from that lot.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Tne Deer Tavern site yielded twenty-four reconstructed stoneware vessels from

two features. This is the largest collection of reassembled stoneware from any of the five

lots on Deer Street. Uncovered in the earliest feature on any of the five sites, a circa

1690-1720 well (DS5.5.F120) were two mugs, one brown (A-0986) and one gray-bodied

with cobalt floral decoration (A-0900), a gray-bodied tankard (A-0884) and a brown

pitcher with incised floral design (A-0975). The property changed hands several times in

that thirty-year period, which makes it difficult to associate these pieces with any one

particular family. The remaining stoneware excavated at Deer Tavern came from a circa

1750-1765 privy (DS5.5.F110). O f note among these find are several pieces of

undecorated dinner ware and teaware, press-molded plain white-bodied salt-glaze plates

and bowls with scratch blue decoration in popular shapes and floral patterns.

Vessels from the Hart-Shortridge property include a brown-bodied salt-glazed

stoneware pitcher (A-0028) with several incised lines and the impressed mark

“CHARLESTOWN” on the shoulder. This is one of the few marked pieces uncovered

during the Deer Street excavation and it was made in Charlestown, Massachusetts, by the

Edmands Pottery. Bamabus Edmands and his brother-in-law, William Burroughs,

founded the Edmands Pottery in 1812 and retained Frederick Carpenter as master potter.

Jugs of this type are associated with the pottery’s earlier work and are thought to have

been executed by Carpenter who died in 1827.110 Sarah Ann Shortridge Adams, her

husband William and her brother John Hart Shortridge were living on the property during

110 Lura Woodside Watkins, Early New England Potters and Their Wares (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1950), 84, ill.93c.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. the years that the Edmands jug was produced and purchased. This is one of the few

stoneware vessels that can be associated with Sarah and John.

In contrast, a piece they most likely inherited from Sarah Tripe or John Hart, Jr. is

a remarkable slip-cast salt-glazed white stoneware sauceboat (A-0018) found in the same

feature as the Edmands Pottery pitcher. Three paw feet with lion’s head knees support

the sauceboat, which is covered in grapevines that meander around and support the body

of a naked boy (also known as the “boy in tree” pattern). This piece, (see also the

delftware punch bowl, p. 36, no. A-0008) was repaired with glue prior to its final

disposal in the cellar. The Edmands jug and sauceboat are unusual because they are more

decorative than the majority of stoneware excavated at Deer Street.

Press molded dinner wares with relief borders were found in almost every pre-

1800 feature at Deer Street. These plates do not necessarily match exactly from site to

site, but many do contain the same elements of herringbone, scroll, basket and diamond

patterns. This type of ware was popular throughout the colonies during the mid- to late-

eighteenth century. The Richard Shortridge House lot, in particular, yielded a number of

such plates as well as undecorated wares including the only recognizable tea caddy (A-

0776) fragment found on the street.

Unglazed Stoneware

Only three colored-bodied unglazed stoneware vessels unearthed on Deer Street

were of recognizable forms. A red stoneware teapot lid with floral sprig molded

decoration (A-1042) is from an unidentified location. A black basalt stoneware bowl (A-

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 0767) with ribbing was excavated from a circa 1800-1815 privy at the Richard Shortridge

lot, and a black basalt teapot rim (A-0768), also with ribs, came from a circa 1750-1775

cellar at the Richard Hart site.

Porcelain

Soft-Paste Porcelain

There were only eight reconstructable English soft-paste porcelain vessels found

during the excavations. From the Hart-Shortridge house site were an oval teapot lid with

hand-painted pink enamel decoration (site DS2.8B.F1, no. A-1016) and a teacup (site

DS2.8B.F5, no. A-0462) with gilding around the lip. These vessels both were excavated

from nineteenth-century features and display decoration more commonly associated with

European design than Eastern motifs. In contrast, the one piece of soft-paste porcelain

(A-0281) from the Richard Hart house lot is decorated with a blue floral chinoiserie

transfer-print, an older design element than the empire style displayed by the Hart-

Shortridge pieces. The earliest English soft-paste porcelain found was recovered from a

circa 1760-1785 cellar (DS4.8A.F73) on the Richard Shortridge property and includes

two saucers (A-0377 and A-0365) and a globular teapot (A-0364) displaying Chinese

design elements, while incorporating European vessel forms. One of the saucers (A-

0377) bears a hand-painted, under-glaze blue dragon, which directly relates in design to

three Chinese export porcelain pieces (A-0363, A-0371 and A-0546) also excavated on

the lot. Perhaps the English piece was purchased as part of a set of saucers to match the

€>

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. larger Chinese bowls. Colonial consumers were purchasing both types of wares and

presumably using them simultaneously.

Hard-Paste (Chinese Export) Porcelain

The three reconstructed dragon design Chinese porcelain bowls from the Richard

Shortridge site (A-0363, A-0371 and A-0546) were the only examples of this design in

hard-paste found at Deer Street. All of the hard-paste porcelain found on Lot 8A was

associated with features that date to the time of Richard Shortridge or his wife’s

ownership of the property (1766-1783). These include six other hard-paste porcelain

vessels five of which are ornamented in polychrome enamels. A porcelain, one-inch high

finial in the form of a dog with under-glaze blue shading (A-0470) is the sixth piece.

Unfortunately, it is not clear what type of vessel this fragment originated on.

In total, forty-two hard-paste porcelain reconstructed vessels were included in this

study, but hundreds of sherds were recovered from the Deer Street lots. The Richard

Hart site yielded the largest amount of porcelain included in this excavation. Fifteen

hard-paste porcelain reconstructable vessels were found on the lot, with five of the

vessels being from features pre-dating Hart’s ownership of the property. A Batavia-type

saucer (A-0284A) and several Asian landscape decorated teabowls (A-0392, A-0393 and

A-0520) were excavated from DS3/4.7.F12, a cellar from Lot 7, which was filled circa

1750-1775. This fill date coincides with the 1774 transfer of Lot 7 from Col. John Hart

to his nephew, Richard Hart. The feature contained ceramic sherds associated with use as

a trash pit for several years rather than housecleaning typical of a change of household.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Col. John Hart lived on Lot 7 from 1744 until 1774 and these four pieces of porcelain

may well have belonged to him. It appears that successful craftsmen in Portsmouth, like

blacksmith Hart, owned high quality porcelain wares. The remaining eleven

reconstructed porcelain pieces found at the Richard Hart house were deposited in a privy

(DS3.8C.F2) whose fill dates to the time of the Richard Hart family’s residence (1770-

1800). The porcelain fragments from this feature are teabowls and saucers with blue

floral or Chinese landscape designs or Batavia-type ornament, with a cafe-au-lait ground

and white reserves. A set of four vessels, one teabowl (A-0282) and three saucers (A-

0352, A-0353 and A-0354), bear the basket and bridge design common on Chinese

export wares dining the second half of the eighteenth century. It seems likely that these

pieces were part of a larger teaset.

The Deer Tavern site did not contain much hard-paste porcelain. Three of the

four pieces excavated there came from a circa 1750-1765 privy (DS5.5.F110) and are of

approximately the same date range as the Lot 7 finds associated with Col. John Hart. The

fourth Deer Tavern vessel, a pint bowl (A-0570) with a Chinese landscape design is from

a nineteenth century feature (DS5.5.F111). This number is significantly less than the

several late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century pieces recovered at the Hart site. An

explanation for the lesser amount of fashionable Chinese export wares at the Deer

Tavern, when compared to the Hart lot, is the lesser wealth of the residents.

In total, fourteen hard-paste porcelain reconstructible vessels from Hart-

Shortridge were included in this study. The majority of Chinese export porcelain

excavated at Deer Street displayed more or less similar chinoiserie motifs. Perhaps the

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. only set represented, is a group of five patty pans (A-0039, A-0040 and A-0319) found at

the Hart-Shortridge site.111 These vessels are identical in form and blue floral decoration.

They date to circa 1750-1770 and were uncovered in a late eighteenth to early nineteenth

century cellar (DS1.8B.F1) whose final filling occurred circa 1840. Also found in this

feature was a circa 1800-1825 octagonal plate (A-0019) with an Asian landscape design

in under-glaze blue in the so-called “Canton” style. The remainder of the porcelain found

at Hart-Shortridge were teawares of several different patterns.

111 The remaining two patty pans from feature DS1.8B.F1 have not been reconstructed and are therefore not included in appendix B.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Chapter 8

CONCLUSION

The ceramic vessels uncovered in the excavation of Deer Street predominantly

were typical of American consumption patterns during the eighteenth and nineteenth

centuries. The people of Portsmouth looked to local potters for utilitarian earthenwares

such as milk pans, food storage vessels and simple tankards. Western culture placed an

emphasis on fashionable ceramics, however, and the residents of Deer Street came to rely

heavily on imported English wares and Chinese export porcelain, and during the

eighteenth century such goods were brought into Portsmouth in large quantities.

Advertisements in The New Hampshire Gazette indicate the wealth and

importance of this small city in the larger network of Trans-Atlantic and coastal trade. In

1757 merchant Hugh Hall Wentworth was selling “English China dishes, plates and

butter boats, Delfware, etc.” Robert Traill imported from Bristol shiploads of “hogsheads

of earthenware, crates of stone and yellow ware all well sorted.”112 New Hampshire and

Boston merchants advertised before the American Revolution that the majority of their

ceramic shipments also were bound from Bristol. Such English wares variously came

1 1“^ Advertisements, • The New Hampshire Gazette , 25 February 1757 and 15 November 1757.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. from Liverpool, Bristol, London, Staffordshire and Yorkshire, while others made the long

voyage from China. The Deer Street families consumed with a few exceptions what was

available to them in the shops of Portsmouth and Boston. Comparatively few Continental

European ceramics came into New Hampshire and Deer Street examples typically seem

to have formed part of personal trade (see p. 37).

The American Revolution and the War of 1812 changed the economic good

fortune of Portsmouth by limiting trade with England. This is evident in changes in the

quality and variety of the nineteenth-century ceramics found in the excavations. Deer

Street’s families continued to replace out-dated wares with newer, fashionable services,

but evidence suggests that they did not do this as often as they had prior to the economic

downturn. They passed goods from one generation to another more frequently and

mended broken vessels instead of replacing them immediately. Quality English wares

did continue to be imported, but in smaller quantities than previously.

Post-war advertisements indicate the rise of Liverpool as a major player in the

export of ceramics to America. Earlier eighteenth-century ships originated in Bristol, but

late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century shipments are listed as coming from

Liverpool. Portsmouth merchant Edward J. Peirce advertised in November of 1799 as

having “imported in the last vessel from Liverpool, a large and complete assortment of

crockery and glass ware, among which are some very nice.”113

Documentary and archaeological evidence suggests that the economic prosperity

of Deer Street continued to decline as the nineteenth century progressed into the

113 Advertisement, The New Hampshire Gazette, 6 November 1799.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. twentieth. Houses changed hands frequently and became multi-family dwellings. The

archaeological excavation of Deer Street occurred long after the area had ceased to be the

fashionable region for up-and-coming merchants and successful craftsmen.

The reconstructable ceramics uncovered at Deer Street create a picture of one

aspect of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century consumption. The residents possessed the

best, high-quality ware types and most fashionable decorative schemes that were

available during the eighteenth century. They continued that trend into the nineteenth

century, although hindered by decreased economic status. The property history of these

lots coupled with the catalog of the reconstructed vessels from the Deer Street excavation

should act as a tool for further research and form a first step of analysis of what will

hopefully continue to be a rich resource for future scholars.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Figure 1: 1813 Map of the Compact Part of the Town of Portsmouth, New Hampshire. The detail is of Portsmouth’s “North End.” Courtesy of Strawbery Banke Museum.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Figure 2: 1850 Map of the City of Portsmouth. Detail is of Deer Street, the focus of this study. Courtesy of Strawbery Banke Museum.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Figure 3: 1892 Sanborn Map of Sheet 7 (showing Deer Street). For reference, the Faith Home is the Hart-Shortridge house and the number 34 is on the Richard Hart house lot.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Russell Street

Richard Hart-Shortridge Richard Hart Shortridge Lot 8B Lot 8C Lot 8A

Lot 7

1705 House Deer Lot 6 Tavern Lot 5

Deer Street

Figure 4: Map of Deer Street archaeology project. Five house lots were the focus of the archaeology at Deer Street and this study. The archaeological team from Strawbery Banke Museum assigned the lot names and numbers.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Figure 5: The 1705 House (Lot 6) and the Deer Tavern (Lot 5), respectively. Courtesy of Strawbery Banke Museum, Patch Photographic Collection.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Figure 6: The Richard Hart House (Lots 7 & 8C). Courtesy of Strawbery Banke Museum, Patch Photographic Collection.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Figure 7: The Hart-Shortridge House (Lot 8B). Courtesy of Strawbery Banke Museum, Patch Photographic Collection-

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Figure 8: The Richard Shortridge House (Lot 8 A). Courtesy of Strawbery Banke Museum, Patch Photographic Collection.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. APPENDIX A

DEER STREET PROPERTY HISTORY

The following six tables outline the property transactions for the five Deer Street house lots examined for this study from the time of first settlement until the twentieth century. All of the deeds, wills and inventories are on file at the New Hampshire department of state in the division of records management and archives in Concord, New Hampshire.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Table Al: Property Transactions

Deer Tavern Lot 5

Date Transaction Reference 1702 George Vaughan to John Rockingham County Deed Lowe, carpenter (RCD)Vol. 6, p. 36 1713 John Lowe to his widow Rockingham County Joanna Lowe Probate Will (RCPW) 404 1716 Joanna Lowe marries Axtell Roberts 1722 (5A) George Vaughan to Axtell RCD Vol. 13, p. 110 Roberts 1761-2 Heirs of Elisha Briard to RCD Vol. 12, p. 65 Daniel Hart 1788 Daniel Hart (Richard Hart’s RCD Vol. 124, p. 65 brother) to his brother-in- law Samuel Briard (Elisha Briard’s brother), mariner 1788 Samuel Briard to his widow RCPW 5327 Elizabeth Hart Briard (sister of Daniel and Richard Hart) 1799 Elizabeth Briard, widow, to RCD Vol. 159, p. 370 Thomas Walton, mariner 1802 Mary Walton to Joseph RCD Vol. 162, p. 353 Stoodley. A strip of land 10’ x 82’ 1835 Mary Walton and other RCD Vol. 278, p. 19 Thomas Walton heirs to Leonard Cotton 1866 Leonard Cotton to Timothy RCD Vol. 422, p. 186 Reagan 1885 Timothy Reagan to Mary Dunphy, wife of Timothy Dunphy, mortgage 1899 Heirs of Timothy Reagan to RCD Vol. 586, p. 270 Mary Dunphy, foreclosure 1899 Mary Dunphy to RCD Vol. 572, p. 34 Portsmouth Savings Bank, mortgage 1909 Estate of Mary Dunphy to RCD Vol. 628, p. 187 Charles W. Gray

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Table A2: Property Transactions

1705 House Lot 6

Date Transaction Reference 1702 George Vaughan to John Rockingham County Deeds Jones, mason (RCD)Vol. 20, p. 49 1736 John Jones to brothers RCD Vol. 23, p. 277 Thomas and Samuel Newmarch 1741 Division of Newmarch Household; Samuel Lot 6A (eastern portion), Thomas Lot 6B (western portion) 1761 6B: Thomas Newmarch to Rockingham County his brother Benjamin Probate Will (RCPW) 2813 Newmarch 6B: Benjamin Newmarch to his niece Joanna Cutt, daughter of Thomas 6B: Joanna Cutt to John Cutt 1791 6A: Henry Nutter to RCD Vol. 141, p. 290 Thomas Chadboume 1791 6B: John Cutt to Thomas RCD Vol. 141, p. 292 Chadboume 1795 Thomas Chadboume to RCD Vol. 140, p. 426 Samuel Briard, Jr. 1822 6A: Sarah Briard to William RCD Vol. 235, p. 268 Rice 1833 6B: Oliver Briard to RCD Vol. 270, p. 114 Leonard Cotton 1846 6B: Leonard Cotton to RCD Vol. 322, p. 179 David Junkins 1851 6A: William Rice to his RCPW 16103 niece, Eliza Rice 1874 6A: Eliza Rice to Daniel RCD Vol. 449, p. 232 Sullivan Daniel Sullivan to Eliza Rice, mortgage

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 1874 Daniel Sullivan to David RCD Vol. 452, p. 182 Junkins, northern section of lot on Russell Street; 6B: David Junkins to Daniel Sullivan 1874 David Junkins to Eliza RCD Vol. 451, p. 211 Rice, transfer of mortgages on Deer Street lots 1874 Daniel Sullivan to George RCD Vol. 457, p. 34 Scott, mortgage 1877 Daniel Sullivan to Wingate RCD Vol. 463, p. 67 Llsley, mortgage 1880 Daniel Sullivan to RCD Vol. 480, p. 117 Benjamin F. Chandler, mortgage 1884 Daniel Sullivan to RCD Vol. 494, p. 263 Benjamin F. Chandler, foreclosure 1884 Benjamin F. Chandler to RCD Vol. 495, p. 350 Frank Jones

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Table A3: Property Transactions

Richard Hart House Lot 7

Date Transaction Reference 1704 George Vaughan to William Rockingham County Deed Ayers, saddler (RCD) Vol. 8, p. 325 1716 William Ayers dies intestate RCD Vol. 9, p. 32 1721 Samson and Mary Ayers RCD Vol. 24, p. 249 Doe to Thomas Landell, mariner 1740 Margaret Landell, widow to RCD Vol. 29, p. 180 Eliakim Bickford, mariner 1744 Eliakim Bickford to Col. RCD Vol. 29, p. 180 John Hart, blacksmith 1774 Col. John Hart to his RCD Vol. 107, p. 477 nephew Richard Hart 1820 Richard Hart to daughters Rockingham County Sarah, Elizabeth and Mary Probate Will (RCPW) Joanna Hart 10092 1863 Elizabeth Hart to her RCPW 18951 nephew Oliver W. Penhallow 1873 Oliver W. Penhallow to his RCPW 1053 daughter Harriet Louise Penhallow 1884 Harriet L. Penhallow to RCPW 3169 Pastor, Warden South Church 1885 South Church to John L. O. RCD Vol. 417, p. 310 Coleman 1901 John L. 0. Coleman to RCD Vol. 647, p. 75 Sarah A. Coleman 1913 Sarah A. Coleman to RCD Vol. 672, p. 378 Raphael Paola 1913 Raphael Paola to RCD Vol. 671, p. 362 Portsmouth Savings Bank, mortgage

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Table A4: Property Transactions

Richard Hart House Lot SC

Date Transaction Reference 1737 John Jones, bricklayer of RCD Vol. 22, p. 506 Kittery to John Collins, mariner also from Kittery 1739 John Collins to his widow RCD Vol. 65, p. 214 Marcy Collins; Marcy Collins marries Daniel Jackson 1757 Richard Hart marries John Portsmouth Families. Collins and Marcy Collins Compiled by Louise H. Jackson’s daughter Marcy Tallman, (Portsmouth Athenaeum, 1982). 1760 Daniel Jackson to his step- RCD Vol. 65, p. 213 son-in-law Richard Hart 1774 Richard Hart joined Lot 8C and Lot 7

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Table A5: Property Transactions

Hart-Shortridge House Lot 8B

Date Transactions Reference 1705 George Vaughan to Richard Rockingham County Deed Waldron (RCD) Vol. 7, p. 196 1758 George Waldron to his RCD Vol. 103, p. 261 brother Thomas Westbrook Waldron 1760 Thomas Westbrook RCD Vol. 73, p. 175 Waldron to John Hart, Jr., ropemaker 1790 John Hart to his Rockingham County housekeeper Sarah Tripe Probate Will (RCPW) 5557 1809 Sarah Tripe to her RCPW 8378 grandchildren John Hart Shortridge and Sarah Ann Shortridge Adams 1822 John H. Shortridge to RCD Vol. 234, p. 224 Nathaniel Jackson, mortgage 1825 Settlement of Sarah Tripe RCPW 8378 estate. John H. Shortridge bankrupts estate. William Adams given permission to prosecute in the interest of his wife, Sarah Ann Shortridge Adams 1832 Nathaniel Jackson to Sarah RCD Vol. 267, p. 315 Ann Adams, mortgage repayment 1832 Sarah Ann Adams to John RCD Vol. 267, p. 316 Jenness, mortgage 1856 John S. Jenness to his RCD Vol. 372, p. 79 brother Peter Jenness, transfer of mortgage 1856 Sarah Ann Adams to Peter RCD Vol. 372, p. 79 Jenness 1865 Peter Jenness died intestate, RCPW 19789 property passed to wife

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 1869 Heirs of Peter Jenness to RCD Vol. 425, p. 455 George Vanderhoff 1874 George Vanderhoff to RCD Vol. 446, p. 411 Caroline Augustus Young 1876 Caroline Young to Old RCD Vol. 456, p. 333 Ladies Home 1881 Old Ladies Home to Home RCD Vol. 478, p. 317 for Indigent Women (Later called Faith Home or the Home for Aged Women) 1952 Home for Aged Women to RCD Vol. 1269, p. 331 Gennaro and Rose Martini 1970 Gennaro and Rose Martini RCD Vol. 2046, p. 288 to Portsmouth Housing Authority

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Table A6: Property Transactions

Richard Shortridge House Lot8A

Date Transaction Reference 1705 George Vaughan to Richard Rockingham County Deed Waldron (RCD) Vol. 7, p. 196 1758 George Waldron to his RCD Vol. 103, p. 261 brother Thomas Westbrook Waldron 1760 Thomas Westbrook RCD Vol. 63, p. 335 Waldron to Reuben Abbot 1760 Reuben Abbot to his mother RCD Vol. 65, p. 403 Susannah Pitman 1766 Susannah Pitman to her RCD Vol. 79, p. 320 son-in-law Richard Shortridge 1776 Richard Shortridge to his Rockingham County widow Mary Shortridge Probate Will (RCPW) 4326 1783 John and Mary Shortridge RCD Vol. 116, p. 94 Donaldson to brothers Samuel and Thomas Rice, mariners 1802 Samuel Rice to his widow RCPW 6947 Elizabeth Rice 1848 Heirs of Samuel Rice to RCD Vol. 332, p. 148 Samuel’s nephew-in-law Isaac Parsons 1848 William Rice to Isaac RCD Vol. 332, p. 153 Parsons, strip of land on west side of lot 1851 Isaac Parsons to his widow RCPW 16108 Elizabeth Rice Parsons 1866 Heirs of Isaac Parsons to RCD Vol. 415, p. 236 William D. Femald 1893 Heirs of William D. Femald RCPW 7819 to Charles Femald 1913 Sarah H. Femald, widow, to RCD Vol. 673, p. 150 Sarah A. Coleman 1938 John Coleman, widower, to RCD Vol. 942, p. 230 Portsmouth Trust and Guarantee Co., foreclosure

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. APPENDIX B

RECONSTRUCTED VESSEL INVENTORY

The following appendix is a list of all the reconstructed vessels excavated at Deer Street which were examined for this thesis. The vessels are currently in the collection of Strawbery Banke Museum in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. A representative number of objects were chosen for photography for this project. Measurements are available only for those items that were photographed. When length, width or height were relevant they are mentioned, however in the case of smaller sherds where the overall form of the vessel is not clear, measurements are not delineated by the aforementioned designations. The accession numbers and feature numbers were assigned to the vessels by the archaeological staff of Strawbery Banke. The “A” number is an accession number system based on a chronological listing of items. The feature number indicates when and where the vessel was uncovered. Each feature number can be broken into three sections; year of excavation, lot, and feature. DS1.8B.F1 indicates that the sherd was found during the first year of excavation at Deer Street on lot 8B, the Hart-Shortridge lot, and in feature one. Not every vessel has complete feature number information or an accession number. The chart is sorted according to lot and then in order by “A” number. Vessels from the 1705 House Lot can be found on pages 88-89 (No. 106-114); from the Deer Tavern Lot, pages 90-101 (No. 115-184); from the Hart-Shortridge Lot pages 101-159 (No. 185-423); from the Richard Hart Lot pages 159-172 (No. 424-494); from the Richard Shortridge Lot pages 172-198 (No. 495-640).

Please refer to the following chart as a key to the organization of the table.

No. Accession Lot Type of Place and Date Description Photograph Measurements No. & Feature of Manufacture and Notes Feature No.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. lAn H 3" H 6” W Measurements and and Measurements 3” H 7 W For similar examples examples similar For examples similar For H 3" H 6” W A-0205 A-0003, see A-0206. and A-0205 A-0001, see A-0206. and Notes Photograph 9 an iron rich lead lead rich iron an glaze. floral and bridge bridge and floral Redware bellied bellied a Redware with vessel storage glaze. lead with basin Redware bowl with cobalt cobalt with bowl base. interior the on the center of the the of center the is which vessel, mocha with overlaid mocha with bowl band decoration a of composed the of center the is which vessel, ornamentation. with bowl Redware lead rich iron an glaze. glazed Tin punch earthenware the on decoration flower a and exterior Description with mocha mocha with decoration ornamentation. around slip brown of mocha with overlaid composed of a band band a of composed around slip brown of Piscataqua Region, Region, Piscataqua England New England New Piscataqua Region, Region, Piscataqua England New Piscataqua Region, Region, Piscataqua New England New England creamware Dipped England creamware Dipped Manufacture Type of Featureof of Type Date and Place Lot DS1 A-0014 DS1 DS1.108 DS1 DS1 A-0003 A-0001 A-0001 1.108 DS Accession No. & & No. Accession Feature No. Feature 1. 5. A-0010 6. 7. A-0015 3. 2. 4. A-0005

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. see A-0137. see For similar example example similar For and A-0157. and H4” 3” W For additional additional For this of examples pattern see A-0158 A-0158 see pattern shell edged twiffler. edged shell flowers. small Pearlware green green Pearlware muffin edged shell Pearlware green green Pearlware chocolate with painted ornamented cup Redware porringer porringer Redware lead rich iron with strap a and glaze handle. landscape with birds, birds, with landscape plate. Redware straight strap Redware with mug sided handle. landscape design. landscape Chinese a of a and teahouse a the on Marked river. an with base “D”. uppercase Pearlware blue hand- glaze. hand- blue Pearlware blue Pearlware, printed transfer design with saucer Redware dish with with dish Redware sided mug with a a with mug sided an iron rich lead lead rich iron an painted straight painted Chinese England England England hand- blue Pearlware Piscataqua Region, Region, Piscataqua New England New Piscataqua Region, Region, Piscataqua England England New England New Piscataqua Region, Region, Piscataqua England 1820-1830 c. New England New DS1 DS1 A-0054 DS1 A-0027 DS1.43 A-0026 DS1 DS1 DS1 DS1 A-0016 A-0022 13. A-0035 15. 14. A-0046 12. 11. 10. A-0024 8. 9.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. see A-0129. see For similar example example similar For band around the the around band edge. painted saucer with with saucer painted enamel floral polychrome a in decoration shell edged muffin muffin edged shell plate. twiffler. edged shell shell edged muffin muffin edged shell plate. shell edged plate. edged shell muffin edged shell plate. yellow around the the around yellow rim. green Pearlware flowers and a brown brown a and flowers yellow lead glaze on on glaze lead yellow exterior. the transfer printed printed transfer an with teacup pattern floral overall of border a and with polychrome polychrome of with decoration enamel border. and interior on the glaze lead brown painted coffee cup cup coffee painted England hand- Pearlware England Englandgreen Pearlware green Pearlware England green Pearlware England green Pearlware England England brown Pearlware England with bowl Redware England hand- Pearlware DS1 A-0130 DS1 DS1 DS1 A-0117 DS1 DS1 A-0113 A-0080 DS1.190 A-0077 DS1 DS1 A-0056 19. A-0111 24. 18. 22. 23. A-0120 17. 21. A-0115 16. 20.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. For similar example example similar For see A-0054. see additional For examples of this this of examples A-0158 see pattern A-0024. and additional For examples of this this of examples A-0272. and pattern see A-0170 A-0170 see pattern 3” H 6” W Pearlware blue hand- hand- blue Pearlware flowers small painted chocolate chocolate with painted ornamented cup Pearlware, blue blue Pearlware, design with saucer birds, with landscape transfer printed printed transfer Chinese a of a and teahouse a the on Marked river. Pearlware blue blue Pearlware base with an an with base “D”. uppercase transfer printed printed transfer shepherd with saucer pattern. sheep base and the on Marked an with blue in printed uppercase Redware dish with with dish Redware glaze. lead creamware Dipped band a of composed slip of yellow of center the around vessel. the Redware deep dish dish deep Redware glaze. lead a with decoration with bowl England England England England Piscataqua Region, Region, Piscataqua Piscataqua Region, Region, Piscataqua New England New England New DS1 DS1 DS1 A-0171 DS1.108 A-0186 DS1 DS1 A-0204 25. A-0137 26. A-0157 27. 30. 28. 29. A-0195

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.

" Vi V" Vi" W 2'/«” W H 2 2 H For similar examples examples similar For examples similar For A-0003, A-0001, see H 3” H 3 H 2 W W 6” W A-0003 A-0001, see A-0206. and 6” W A-0205. and H 3" H 0 1 □ sided mug. sided serving dish. serving Creamware Creamware plate. undecorated straight Creamware worn off and is is and off worn green Pearlware oval edged shell unidentifiable. Creamware black black milk Creamware printed transfer completely almost composed of a band band a of composed around slip brown of a with tankard sided handle. strap the center of the the of center with the overlaid vessel mocha Dipped creamware creamware Dipped composed of a band band a of composed around slip brown of ornamentation. bowl with mocha mocha with bowl decoration the of center the is which vessel, mocha with overlaid ornamentation. straight Creamware Dipped creamware creamware Dipped mocha with bowl decoration jug, the pattern has has pattern the jug, England England England England England England England DS1.94/149 DS1 A-0225 A-0225 A-0229 DS1 DS1.108 DS1 DS1.108 A-0205 36. 37. 35. A-0216 34. A-0212 32. A-0206 33. A-0210 31.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.

'A" Vi" L5” For additional additional For H 2 2 H 2” W examples of this this of examples A-0171. and 2 H W 5” W pattern see A-0170 A-0170 see pattern m □ floral decoration in in decoration floral Salt-glazed white white Salt-glazed with teabowl brown. and Creamware undecorated teabowl. molded stoneware scroll and diamond porcelain Soft-paste enamel polychrome purple orange, pink, shell edged plate. edged shell bowl. undecorated basket, with plate on relief in pattern rim. sauceboat with with sauceboat sheep and shepherd Creamware Creamware transfer printed printed transfer on Marked with pattern. blue in base the printed uppercase an Pearlware blue hand- hand- blue Pearlware rim. the undecorated saucer. undecorated swags, flowers and a a and flowers at swags, color of band solid painted bowl with with bowl of painted decoration border England England England England EnglandEngland Creamware blue Pearlware England England green Pearlware A-0337 DS3 DS4.718 DS4 A-0376 DS1.116 DS1.106 A-0327 DS1.158 A-0272 DS1 DS1 44. A-0345 43. 45. 42. 39. 41. A-0302 38. A-0237 40. A-0291

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. sherd Vi 3” x 1 1 x 3” H 2” ” H J/4 1 W jjP^I with pink enamel enamel pink with edge. flowers on the grass. the on flowers Pearlware saucer saucer Pearlware a in decoration the around border and brown. Scene Scene brown. of and basket a depicts Nottingham-type Nottingham-type salt-glazed cup brown coffee stoneware metallic a with Soft-paste porcelain porcelain Soft-paste brown glaze. brown in blue green, sepia sepia green, blue in brown. and with sherd teacup and hand-painted blue underglaze enamel polychrome green in decoration Pearlware hand- hand- Pearlware ribbons and flowers which incorporates a a incorporates which white Salt-glazed rim. the with saucer painted enamel polychrome small of decoration bridge. molded stoneware a Chinese landscape, landscape, Chinese a fence on Chinoiserie relief in pattern Chinese export export Chinese with plate porcelain bowl with with bowl porcelain England England England England England China DS3.282 DS1.098 A-0478 DS5.156 A-0400 DS3.119& DS4.682 A-0385 DS4.143 51. A-0485 50. A-0483 49. A-0479 48. 47. 46.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. vr 9 9 H 3" 3" H 5” W w l mm i^i iron rich lead glaze glaze lead rich iron decoration and a a and decoration rim. sepia with mug Redware formed hand and handle. with cobalt cobalt with Redware porringer handle. porringer Redware lead iron-rich with glaze. with lead glaze and a a and glaze lead with strap a and glaze rim saucer porcelain strap handle. strap lead rich iron with leaves and stems. and leaves Redware tankard tankard Redware porringer Redware lead rich iron with strap a and glaze handle. tankard Redware Pearlware hand- hand- Pearlware molded Creamware royal a with plate edge. painted teabowl with with teabowl painted brown and green of design enamel Piscataqua Region, Region, Piscataqua Piscataqua Region, Region, Piscataqua China export Chinese England New New England New England Piscataqua Region, Region, Piscataqua Region, Piscataqua England England New England New England New DS4 A-0571 DS5.118 A-0613 DS5.155 DS1.014 A-0517 DS5 58. 59. 57. A-0567 54. A-0539 55.DS5.155 A-0559 56. A-0564 53. 52. A-0509

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.

Vi" W rim 5” rim W H 8" H H 3 3 H W 5 14" 5 W 4” x 3 14" sherd 14" 3 x 4” H SI floral pattern. floral vessel. influenced Asian Pearlware blue hand- hand- blue Pearlware an with ornamented stoneware pitcher pitcher stoneware Ornamented glaze. incised with the on the decoration of third bottom painted bowl rim rim bowl painted with metallic brown brown metallic with herringbone Nottingham-type Nottingham-type salt-glazed brown saucer with an an with saucer horizontal bands of of bands horizontal spaced evenly black turned engine slip trailed yellow transfer printed printed transfer salt-glazed base Brown mug stoneware incised three with the around rings base. Buff earthenware earthenware Buff overall floral pattern. floral overall Dipped ware milk milk ware Dipped and slip green lines. wavy ovals. with porringer Pearlware blue blue Pearlware decoration in vertical vertical in decoration jug decorated with with decorated jug England England England England England A-0990 England A-0947 DS5.023 A-0922 DS1 65. A-1021 64. 63. 61. 62. A-0945 60. A-0719

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. sherd V" zr Vi" 6 x

2 4 V" 2 2 W W w H 3 '/«” '/«” 3 H ■ G glaze and a strap strap a and glaze handle. Redware tankard tankard Redware lead rich iron with in bands around around bands in brown salt-glazed salt-glazed brown tankard stoneware metallic with base glaze. brown body. stoneware bowl rim rim bowl stoneware rouletted with a in decorating pattern herringbone Nottingham-type Nottingham-type streaks of black black of streaks brown metallic with Ornamented glaze. Redware bowl with with bowl Redware iron. by caused Nottingham-type salt-glazed brown a lead glaze with with glaze lead a iron rich glaze glaze rich iron exterior. the around glaze and a swirl of of swirl a and glaze with blue wavy line line wavy blue with sprig molded molded sprig decoration. Buff earthenware earthenware Buff lead with porringer Red stoneware stoneware Red floral with lid teapot earthenware bowl bowl earthenware border. Tin glazed glazed Tin Piscataqua Region, Region, Piscataqua New England New England Piscataqua Region, Region, Piscataqua England New England New England England England DS4.179 DS3 A-1067 A-1067 DS2 DS4.270 DS4.154 A-1042 A-1042 DS4.824 DS4 72. A-1086a 72. A-1086a 71. 70. A-1064 69. A-1063 67. 68. A-1050a 66. A-1037

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 2'/2” sherd 2'/2” x ” j 4 ,/ For similar edge see see edge similar For and A-0092 A-0101, A-0110, A-0106, A-0106, A-0110, A-0243. Mi pw| m edged plate. edged green Pearlware plate. edged shell Pearlware blue shell shell blue Pearlware shell blue Pearlware plate. edged shell blue Pearlware Pearlware blue shell shell blue Pearlware plate. edged widths. The widest widest The widths. ornamentation. shell blue Pearlware plate. edged plate. edged shell green Pearlware plate. edged shell shell blue Pearlware plate. edged lid. is yellow of band mocha with overlaid plate. edged green Pearlware undecorated teapot teapot undecorated creamware Dipped horizontal with and bowl yellow of bands varying in slip black Pearlware blue shell shell blue Pearlware edged plate. edged England England England England England England England England England DS2.233 DS3.195 DS2.233 DS2.233 DS2.229DS2.233 England DS2.229 DS2.229 DS2.229 DS1.127 England Creamware DS1.109 England 84. 83. 82. 81. 77. 80. 76. 79. 78. 75. DS1.94 74. 73.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 1" sherd 1" 3” sherd 3” Creamware molded molded Creamware rim. on relief in shell edged plate. edged shell with plate in octagonal pattern diamond rim. on relief with sherd plate pattern reel and bead landscape design on on design landscape interior the around rim. green Pearlware molded Creamware edged plate sherd. plate edged plate. edged shell landscape Chinese punch earthenware cobalt bowl a and exterior the shell edged plate. edged shell hand- blue a Pearlware with saucer painted design. line double blue England England England England shell blue Pearlware England glazed Tin DS4.100 DS3.227 92. DS4.126 91. 86. DS3.23687. DS3.23688. DS3.25489. DS4.026 England90. DS4.086 green Pearlware England green England Pearlware 85.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 2 '/»” sherd '/»” 2 2” x 1 Vi” 1 x 2” 3 sherd W 3 sherd 2” For similar example example similar For 2 Vi” sherd Vi” 2 A-1092. see ___ and basket pattern in in pattern basket and rim. on relief Salt-glazed white white Salt-glazed molded stoneware plate with dot, diaper diaper dot, with plate edged plate. edged with a geometric geometric a with rim. stoneware mug rim rim mug stoneware Creamware feather feather Creamware Redware tankard tankard a and Redware glaze lead with handle. strap relief. in design rim. dagger a with on plate relief in pattern Gray bodied bodied Gray Salt-glazed white white Salt-glazed molded stoneware on relief in pattern with iron rich lead lead rich iron with strap a and glaze rim. bowl barley with plate Redware tankard tankard Redware edged plate. edged handle. England England England England molded Creamware Germany England England beaded Creamware England feather Creamware New England New DS4.637 DS4.542 DS4.274 DS4.264 & & DS4.264 DS4.231 DS4.232 Region, Piscataqua 101 100 98. DS4.332 99. DS4.366 96. 95. 94. 93. DS4.159 oo 97. DS4.277

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. sherd 'A" Vi' x 1 1 x W 5” W additional For this of examples A-0508 see pattern A-0510. and 2 14” sherd 14” 2 3 W H 3 Vi" Vi" 3 H 2 2 'A" leaves around rim. around leaves Design of large large of Design with polychrome polychrome with decoration. enamel Pattern depicts a a depicts Pattern field. a through man driving cows cows driving man Creamware, black black bowl Creamware, transfer-printed base. plate or stoneware mug mug stoneware ribs. horizontal deep edged plate. edged with ornamented enamel flowers and and flowers blue enamel of border shell a sepia. and edged plate. edged earthenware sherd sherd earthenware polychrome with I I i England saucer Pearlware England England feather Creamware England shell blue Pearlware England glazed Tin 19th century 19th 19th century 19th Privy Privy 1705 House 1705 1705 House 1705 A-0507 DS5.6.F107 DS5.6.F107 DS5.121 DS5.012 106 A-0487 105 DS5.95 England salt-glazed Brown 103 104 DS5.124 102 107

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. W 3 K" 3 W additional For A-0507 see pattern A-0508. and Vi” 5 W this of example A-0513. see pattern H 2" H 'A” 3 W additional an For Vi’’ 8 W H 2” H this of examples A-0507 see pattern A-0510. and additional For this of examples additional an For example of this this of example pattern see A-0512. see pattern IB m 1 the rim. the Pearlware blue shell- blue Pearlware edged plate. edged stoneware molded molded stoneware on relief in patterns yellow with cobalt cobalt with yellow stems. glaze under Pearlware teabowl teabowl Pearlware polychrome of with flowers enamel Salt-glazed white white Salt-glazed basket, with plate scroll and diamond yellow with cobalt cobalt with yellow leaves and branches branches and leaves leaves and branches branches and leaves bowl. the with polychrome polychrome with with polychrome polychrome with decoration. enamel large of Design of center around under glaze stems. glaze under Redware bellied bellied a Redware with vessel storage neck. narrow Pearlware teabowl teabowl Pearlware polychrome with decoration. enamel large of Design of center the around enamel flowers of of flowers enamel Pearlware teabowl teabowl Pearlware bowl. England England England saucer Pearlware England England Piscataqua Region, Region, Piscataqua New England New 19* century 19* 19* century 19* 19* century 19* 19* century 19* 19th century 19th 19* century 19* Privy Privy Deposit Ash England 1705 House 1705 Privy 1705 House1705 Privy 1705 House 1705 1705 House 1705 1705 House 1705 Privy House 1705 Privy 1705 House 1705 DS5.6.F112 DS5.6.F107 DS5.6.F107 A-0512 DS5.6.F107 DS5.6.F107 DS5.6.F107 DS5.6.F17 A-0510 A-0508 114, A-1084 110 111 A-0513 112 A-0631 113 A-0694 109 108

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. V" vr

2 2” x 3 '/*" sherd '/*" 3 x 2” 3” x 5” x 3” 4 x 3” H 3” H w Two sherds sherds Two n E l yellow centers and and centers yellow with enamel enamel with on decoration of Design exterior. with flowers purple floral design on on design floral leaves. brown stoneware bellied bellied stoneware a with tankard Enamel terminal. brown, in exterior purple. and blue salt-glazed rim White, bowl stoneware flowers around around flowers blue scratch pinched handle handle pinched Salt-glazed white white with Salt-glazed bowl stoneware blue scratch pattern Herringbone and rim around with bowl stoneware Flowers and decoration. exterior around White, salt-glazed salt-glazed White, bowl stoneware salt-glazed White, teabowl stoneware decoration. decoration. middle pattern herringbone lines wavy rim. and interior around England England salt-glazed White, England England salt-glazed White, England England 1750-1765 1750-1765 1750-1765 1750-1765 1750-1765 1750-1765 Privy Deer Tavem Deer Privy Deer Tavem Deer Privy Deer Tavem Deer Tavem Deer Privy Privy Deer Tavern Deer Tavern Deer Privy A-0407 DS5.5.F110 DS5.5.F110 DS5.5.F110 DS5.5.F110 DS5.5.F110 A-0405 DS5.5.F110 120 119 A-0406 117 A-0403 118 116 A-0396 115 A-0396

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 1 3/8" x 4" sherd 4" x 3/8" 1 W 7” W H 3” 3” H W 3” W H 1 5/8” 5/8” 1 H _ ■Bn undecorated plate. undecorated Redware quart bowl bowl quart Redware glaze iron-rich with undecorated quart quart undecorated Creamware Creamware bowl. Creamware White, salt-glazed salt-glazed White, mug stoneware salt-glazed with brown bowl stoneware third. bottom the metallic brown brown metallic Ornamented glaze. rouletted with around decoration Salt-glazed white white Salt-glazed porringer stoneware shell scallop with press-molded design handle. stoneware teabowl stoneware White, salt-glazed salt-glazed White, Piscataqua Region, Region, Piscataqua England England New England New England Nottingham-type England England England 1715-1735 19th century 19th 19th century 19th 1750-1765 1750-1765 1750-1765 Privy 1750-1765 Privy Privy Deer Tavem Deer Pit Deer Tavem Deer Deer Tavem Deer Deer Tavem Deer Privy Deer Tavem Deer Privy Deer Tavem Deer Privy Deer Tavem Deer DS5.5.F100 A-0489 DS5.5.F107 DS5.5.F107 A-0477 DS5.5.F110 DS5.5.F110 A-0412 DS5.5.F110 DS5.5.F110 2.A-0488 126. 125 124 A-0432 123 122 A-0411 121 A-0408 121

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The 'A" H 3 '/*” '/*” 3 H 5” W W4 '/<” W4 Pottery 1780-1880 Pottery by A. W. Coysh and and Coysh W. A. by Henrywood, K. R. 399-400. Dictionary of Blue of Dictionary “Wild Rose” pattern pattern Rose” “Wild in discussed Printed White and examples of this this of examples and A-0906 A-0501, A-0989. W 8 8 W additional For A-0076, see pattern m decorated with hand- hand- with decorated cobalt. in design ‘tree, fence, house, house, fence, ‘tree, porcelain pint bowl bowl pint porcelain landscape painted stoneware saucer stoneware 18* century garden garden century 18* fence, tree’ pattern. tree’ fence, 1811 after a drawing drawing a after 1811 with hand-painted hand-painted in with decoration cobalt in England from the the from England in 1850s to 1820s late porcelain saucer saucer porcelain scene is of Nuneham Nuneham of is scene famous a Courtenay, Oxford. of southeast popularly was It firms many by used in Staffordshire or or Staffordshire in W. by in engraving published Cooke The Owen. S. by Yorkshire, England. England. Yorkshire, Pearlware, blue, blue, plate Pearlware, transfer-printed “Wild the with Made pattern. Rose" is source print The an on based England salt-glazed White, China export Chinese China export Chinese Staffordshire or or Staffordshire England, 1830-1840 c. Yorkshire, 1750-1765 19* Century 19* 1750-1765 Privy 1860-1870 Privy Deer Tavem Deer Deer Tavem Deer Privy Deer Tavem Deer Deer Tavem Deer Privy DS5.5.F111 DS5.5.F110 A-0570 DS5.5.F110 DS2.5.F1 A-0502 131 130 A-0539 129 A-0531 128

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. yr 3 3 w W 8” W 3 ’/i” x 1 Vi” sherd Vi” 1 x ’/i” 3 H 1” H ■ Redware bowl with with bowl Redware lead glaze on interior interior on glaze lead lead glaze on interior interior on glaze lead decorated Sgraffito wavy incised with the around lines Redware large large Redware with vessel storage Redware baking pan pan baking on Redware glaze lead with interior. interior. the of sides plate. muffin edged BulT-earthcnware, BulT-earthcnware, narrow mouth and and mouth narrow cobalt decoration in in decoration cobalt Creamware saucer saucer Creamware of circle a with center. Redware deep deep Redware only. only. gravel-tempered handle. pitcher green glaze. green with hand-painted hand-painted with beading in the the in beading bird in tree pattern. tree in bird baking dish with with dish baking porcelain saucer saucer porcelain England Piscataqua Region, Region, Piscataqua England or New New or England England New England New England feather- Creamware England Piscataqua Region, Region, Piscataqua England New England New North Devon, Devon, North China export Chinese 1690-1729 1750-1765 1690-1720 1750-1765 1750-1765 1715-1735 1750-1765 1750-1765 Well Privy Privy Pit Privy Privy Deer Tavem Deer Deer Tavem Deer Well Deer Tavem Deer Privy Deer Tavem Deer Deer Tavem Deer Deer Tavem Deer Deer Tavem Deer Deer Tavem Deer DS5.5.F120 DS5.5.F110 DS5.5.F120 A-0638 DS5.5.F110 A-0720 A-0635 DS5.5.F100 A-0616 DS5.5.F110 A-0661 DS5.5.F110 DS5.5.F110 A-0572 138 A-0698 137 A-0697 134 135 139 133 136 132

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. vr 5 5 w W 7 1/8” 7 W H 3” H 614" W n flower arrangements arrangements and flower green black, in line Black red. rim. the around enamel decoration of of decoration and enamel vine small three withpolychrome- withpolychrome- interior. the lighter blue blue lighter the body. with combed slip slip combed with on decoration floral White, salt-glazed salt-glazed White, small stoneware pink Whiteware, transfer-printed with muffin-plate willow weeping pearlware Dipped over bottom and top Buff earthenware, earthenware, Buff plate scallop-edged decoration. glazed Tin glaze under blue of base and exterior bowl. with pot chamber the around blue dark pattern. earthenware punch punch earthenware cobalt with bowl banded decoration in in decoration banded Englandsaucer Pearlware England England England England England 1860-1870 1860-1870 1750-1765 1750-1765 1860-1870 1715-1735 Privy Privy Pit Deer Tavem Deer Privy Deer Tavem Deer Privy Deer Tavem Deer Deer Tavem Deer Privy Deer Tavem Deer Deer Tavem Deer I DS2.5.F1 DS5.5.F110 DS2.5.F1 A-0790 A-0792 A-0764 A-0764 DS2.5.F1 DS5.5.F110 DS5.5.F100 A-0744 A-0740 145, A-0793 142 143 144 141 140

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 'A" W 7 7 W H 2” H 5%" additional For this of example A-0794. see pattern H 2 2 H 4” W For additional additional For this of example A-0795. see pattern a landscape pattern. landscape sgraffito decoration. sgraffito Gray-bodied, salt- salt- Gray-bodied, stoneware glazed base. tankard blue, mug Pearlware transfer-printed English an with Buff earthenware earthenware Buff with rim dish pattern in cobalt. in pattern and geometric geometric and with a gray/green gray/green a with with a bold floral floral bold a with Dipped ware jug jug ware Dipped black and rim body the around bands base. and Tin glazed glazed Tin plate earthenware Pearlware, teal, teal, Pearlware, saucer. spatterware, Pearlware, teal, teal, Pearlware, teacup. spatterware, England England England North Devon, Devon, North England England England England 1690-1720 1860-1870 1690-1720 Well Privy 1860-1870 1715-1735 1860-1870 Pit 1860-1870 Deer Tavem Deer Deer Tavem Deer Deer Tavem Deer Well Deer Tavem Deer Privy Tavem Deer Deer Tavem Deer Privy Deer Tavem Deer Privy DS5.5.F120 DS2.5.F1 A-0887 DS5.5.F120 DS5.5.F100 DS2.5.F1 A-0795 DS2.5.F1 DS2.5.F1 152 151 A-0884 150 A-0879 149 A-0877 148 A-0797 147 146 A-0794

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Vi" W 9” W L 10”, sherd sherd 10”, L W 4” W rim W 3 3 W rim H 3" 3" H 2 Vi” x 2” 2” x Vi” 2 Two sherds sherds Two 4” x 2" sherd 2" x 4” BWi M 1 Pearlware, blue blue Pearlware, transfer-printed pattern a with saucer with incised sgraffito sgraffito incised with birds depicting trees. in perched Buff earthenware earthenware Buff press- rectangular with platter molded slip- combed, gravel-tempered gravel-tempered decoration. porringer with lead lead with porringer Decorated glaze. iron of spots with on glaze rich exterior. Buff earthenware, earthenware, Buff decoration. bowl lip ornamented ornamented lip bowl mug base and rim rim and base mug cobalt floral with Buff earthenware earthenware Buff straight-sided mug mug straight-sided handle. strap with decoration. glazed stoneware stoneware glazed around band Cobalt top. Gray-bodied salt- salt- Gray-bodied stoneware glazed Gray-bodied salt- salt- Gray-bodied England England England England North Devon, Devon, North England Germany 1 19th century 19th 1750-1765 1715-1735 1715-1735 Privy 1690-1720 1750-1765 Pit Pit Deer Tavem Deer Deer Tavem Deer Deer Tavem Deer Deer Tavem Deer Privy Deer Tavem Deer Well Deer Tavem Deer Privy DS5.5.F118 A-0911 DS5.5.F100 DS5.5.F100 DS5.5.F110 DS5.5.F120 A-0900 DS5.5.F110 A-0888 156 A-0910 157 155 A-0909 154 153 758] A-0938

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. V” Vi" H 2” H W 9 9 W W 2 2 W mm ■ Salt-glazed white white Salt-glazed white Salt-glazed molded stoneware rim on relief in teacup with an all- all- an with teacup missing handle. A handle. missing Gully Sicre Scenery, English the by Pass" & Hall “I firm Sons”. Pearlware, blue, blue, lid Pearlware, transfer-printed English an with pattern. landscape bowl. stoneware and fence scroll, patterns herringbone England printed this this printed England during pattern leaf Pearlware, blue, blue, Pearlware, transfer-printed Pearlware, blue, blue, Pearlware, transfer-printed canted with creamer a and comers the on mark this printed identifies base “Oriental as pattern plate with basket, basket, with plate over floral pattern. pattern. floral base over the on Marked in “X” an with Many cobalt. in firms ceramic and flower of type nineteenth the century. Sons, Sons, & England England England England Staffordshire, Staffordshire, England John Hall Hall John c. 1822-1832 c. 1750-1765 1860-1870 1750-1765 1860-1870 1860-1870 Privy Privy Deer Tavem Deer Deer Tavem Deer Tavem Deer Privy Deer Tavem Deer Privy Deer Tavem Deer Privy DS2.5.F1 DS5.5.F110 A-0949 DS5.5.F110 DS2.5.F1 DS2.5.F1 A-0939 162 161 A-0944 163 A-0950 160 A-0942 159

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Vi" W 4 W 3 '/2" W 3 '/2" Rim H 3” Base H 3 '/2” Twopieces H 2 3/8” W 5 '/«” H 5” W 3 '/<” I \ ^ 1 ■ decoration. Buffearthenware porringer with swirled slip Brown salt-glazed stoneware pitcher stylized floral motif. Pearlware, redand greenspatterware saucerornamented with anenameled central flower. Salt-glazed white with an incised stoneware bowl with with metallic brown with incised lines at stoneware bowl. scratchblue offlowers on lines on interiorrim. stoneware tankard glaze. Ornamented base andlip. decoration. Designs exteriorand wavy Nottingham-type brown salt-glazed England England England England England Salt-glazed white England 1750-1765 1690-1720 1860-1870 1750-1765 1750-1765 Privy Well 1750-1765 Privy Privy DeerTavem DeerTavem DeerTavem Privy DeerTavem DeerTavem Privy DeerTavem DS5.5.F110 DS2.5.F1 DS5.5.F120 A-0966 A-0952 DS5.5.F110 DS5.5.F110 A-0953 DS5.5.F110 A-0951 169 A-0981 168 A-0975 167 165 166 164

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. y«” 2 1029. H 1 H Vi” 1 W 12 Vi” similarform see A- w For similardesign see A-1025 and for H 3 '/i” geometricborder on the interior. theexterior and a cobaltdecoration depictinga Crane perched ina tree on withhand-painted undecorated tankard. Chinese export large, two handled, flatbottom bowl. Sgraffitodecoration onbase depictinga aroundthe sides. porcelainteabowl Creamware gravel-tempered birdwith leaves the bowl. Buffearthenware, affixedto one side of Blue floral decorationon exterior. oftrailed slip exterior. Handle rimofa vessel, Brown salt-glazed stoneware mug. Redware chamber pot with wavy lines decorationon glazedstoneware perhaps a bowl. Gray-bodied salt- ! China England England NorthDevon, England PiscataquaRegion, New England Germany 1860-1870 1750-1765 1690-1720 Privy Privy 1690-1720 1715-1735 1750-1765 Well DeerTavem DeerTavem DeerTavem DeerTavem Well DeerTavem Pit DeerTavem Privy DS5.5.F110 DS2.5.F1 A-0996 DS5.5.F120 DS5.5.F100 A-0992 A-0986 DS5.5.F120 A-0985 DS5.5.F110 175 A-1023 174 A-1004 173 171 172 170

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. H 3 Vi” W 12 Vi" H 4 Vi" W 10 !4" 7” sherd 3 54" x 3 3 Vi" 54" Forsimilar decoration see A- 0996. ! ■ EH 1 iron-richglaze on shell-edgedplate decorated with manganese flowers. Buffearthenware, containerwith an Pearlware, blue, Tin-glazed earthenware tile vaguely lobbed lip. gravel-tempered, two-handled Redware storage the interior. large bowl. Thrown in slightly tocreate colander. witha stamped seal “GR” inrelief and and then lippushed large, flatbottomed incised sgraffito onthe interiorbase. glazed stoneware mug, ornamented bearing the letters highlighted with cobalt. gravel-tempered bowl base with decoration ofabird Gray-bodied salt- England England England North Devon, England gravel-tempered Piscataqua Region, NorthDevon, Buffearthenware, New England North Devon, Buffearthenware, Germany 1750-1765; 1715-1775 1690-1720 1860-1870 1860-1870 1715-1735 1715-1735 England 1750-1765 Pit F100— FI10-Privy DeerTavem Well DeerTavem DeerTavem Privy DeerTavem Privy DeerTavem Pit DeerTavem Pit DeerTavem Privy DS5.5.F120 A-1090 DS2.5.F1 DS5.5.F100 DS2.5.F1 DS5.5.F100 DS5.5.F100 A-1025 DS5.5.F110 A-1024 179 A-1029 182. DS5.5.F110& 180 A-1034 178 A-1027 177 176 ~W \

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Unearthing New Unearthing Published in For similarexample see A-0618. Ceramic Evidence, Ceramic 77, no. 215. H 2 J/«” W 5 '/2” England’s Past: Past: England’s The " incised lines around the exterior. green floral band. wasdisposed off. Dippedpearlware lines ofbrown slip. Redwarerefined bowl withrouletted interior. Pearlware hand- with underglaze blue abrown, yellowand on exterior. Tinglazed earthenwarepunch bowl withblue fish painted in reserve on apowered manganese-purple ground. Bowl was repairedbefore it bowl withhorizontal Tin-glazed earthenware dish rim with cobalt hand- dishwith cobalt hand-painted flowers onexterior and paintedpunch bowl andpolychrome enamel decoration in Tin-glazed earthenware deep painted floraldesign England England England England Bristol or Wincanton, c. 1760 England England 19* century, 19* filled 19* century,19* filled century,19* filled 19th century, filled 19th 1690-1720 1690-1720 Late 18*-Early inc. 1840 Late 18th - Late Early18th Late 18*-Early c. 1840 c. 1840 Late 18th-E arly Cellar Cellar c. 1840 Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge A-0009 DS1/2.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 DS1/2.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 A-0007 A-0008 A-0004 DS5.5.F120 DeerTavem Well DS5.5.F120 DeerTavem Well 186 188 187 185 184 183

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. H 3" W 7” H 3" W 6” iron rich lead glaze. Redware basin with green, blackand brown slip. Creamware undecoratedbowl. Dipped creamware horizontalbands of Pearlware blue transferprinted bowl with a Chinese landscape pattern. bowl decoratedwith England Piscataqua Region, New England England England 19th century, filled 19th 19th century, filled 19th 19th century, filled 19th 19th century, filled 19th c. c. 1840 Late 18th-E arly Late 18th-E arly c. 1840 c. 1840 Cellar Late 18th -Late Early 18th Cellar Late 18th-E arly Cellar c. 1840 Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge DS1/2.8B.F1 DS1/2.8B.F1 A-0013 DS1.8B.F1 A-0012 A-0011 DS1.8B.F1 192 A-0017 191 190 189

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"Saltglaze” with "Saltglaze”with The Unearthing New Unearthing Ceramic Evidence, Ceramic W 9” England's Past: The 78, no. 221. Williamsburg, The Albert Museum. Published in Luxmoore, pi. 40 Examples ofthis Colonial Newark Museum and the Victoria and sauceboatpictured in Notes o f a oa Notes Collector f (1970.0415), Unearthing New Unearthing Polychrome enamel version ofthis by Chas. F. C. pattern are in collections at Winterthur Museum Ceramic Evidence, Ceramic 76, no. 210. H 2 '/«” W 2 Vi” L 5 Vi" Published in England’s Past: The EsnPEflnflHH EB So-called “Canton” Chinese export landscape design. style. fixed before its final porcelainoctagonal plate witha Chinese early repairon the spout, which was disposal. around and support the bodyof a naked covered in grapevines that twist boy. There is an Salt-glazed white feet with lion head the "naked boy” pattern. Three paw stoneware slip-cast knees support the vessel, which is sauceboatdepicting China c. 1800-1825 Staffordshire, England c. 1745-1765 19* century,19* filled Late 18th-E arly c. 1840 19th century, filled 19th Late 18*-E arly c. 1840 Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar DS1.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 194 A-0019 193 A-0018 o

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.

” 2 / 1 v r zr

4 2 1967.1431A.B. Unearthing New Unearthing W 3 H 2" H w Forsimilar example see A-0784. A similarcovered bowl exists inthe collectiono the f Winterthur Museum, Published in Ceramic Evidence, Ceramic 77, no. 213. L 7” W 6 '/j” England's Past: The H M landscapepattern. leadglaze applied in design. Chinese export withaChinese edged circulardish. applied flowers and twigdecoration. Originallyhad a cover. Creamware sugar bowl withbrown a sponged manner with vertical stripes ofgreen, sprig green lead glaze and a basketweave Pearlware blue hand- painted saucerwith a Chinese landscape porcelainteabowl Creamware oval plate, possiblya patternon the rim. basket stand, with England Pearlwareblue shell Whieldon Factory, FentonVivian, England, China Staffordshire, England England c. c. 1750-1775 19* century,19* filled 19* century,19* filled century,19* filled 19* century,19* filled Late -E 18* arly Late 18*-E arly Cellar c. 1840 Late 18*-E arly c. 1840 Late 18*-Early c. c. 1840 Cellar c. 1840 Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge DS1/2.8B.F1 A-0024 DS1.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F118 A-0020 DS1.8B.F1 198 199 A-0025 196 A-0021 197 A-0023 195

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.

Early

W Vi" For similaredge see A-0123 and A-0125. A-0107, A-0099, Unearthing New Unearthing W 6” W 3” Evidence, Ceramic illustrated in Lura Woodside Watkins, pi. 93c. W 11 '/>” Published in England’s Past: The H 6 84, no. 256 A similarpitcher is EnglandPotters New and Their Wares H 3 Pearlwareblue shell intertwinedwavy lines around the sidesof the interior. edged muffinplate. ironrich leadglaze. with yellow slip Pearlware blue shell edged muffinplate. Redware straight sidedtankard with Redwarebaking dish trailed decoration in wavy lines around the rimand inpressed mark Brown salt-glazed stonewarebellied “CHARLESTOWN” on the side. There are four incised lines strap handle. pitcher withthe belowthe neckand a England England Piscataqua Region, Piscataqua Region, NewEngland New England Edmands Pottery, Massachusetts c. 1812-1825 Charlestown, 19* century,19* filled 19* 19* century, filled 19* century, filled 19* century, filled Late 18*-E arly c. 1840 19* century,19* filled Late 18*-Early c. 1840 Late 18*-E arly Late 18*-E arly Cellar c. c. 1840 c. 1840 Cellar Late 18*-Early c. 1840 Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge A-0036 DS1.8B.F1 DS1/2.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 A-0029 DS1.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 203 A-0032 202 A-0030 20! 200 A-0028

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dA-0289. Unearthing New Unearthing Foradditional examples ofthis patternsee A-0044, A-0152, A-0153, A- 0154, A-0155 and Unearthing New Unearthing Ceramic Evidence, Ceramic Published in England's Past: The 78, no. 220. W 5” For similarexamples see A-0040 and A- Evidence, Ceramic 78, no. 220. see A-0039 and A- 0319. H 2” W 3" 0319. Published in England's Past: The For similarexamples transferprinted teabowl witha neoclassical scene and otherclassical ruins. depicting anobelisk witha flowerdesign landscape onthe Hart-Shortridge site. undecorated saucer. witha flowerdesign onthe interior and a exterior. One offive excavatedat the Creamware undecorated teabowl. Chinese export landscape onthe exterior. One offive Hart-Shortridge site. Pearlwareblue shell porcelainpatty pan on the interiorand a excavatedat the edgedplate. Chinese export porcelainpatty pan England Pearlware blue England Creamware England China c. 1750-1770 c. 1750-1770 England China 19* century,19* filled 19* century,19* filled 19* century,19* filled Late 18*-E arly 19* century, filled 19* century,19* filled c. c. 1840 Late 18*-E arly 19* century,19* filled Late 18*-E arly c. 1840 c. 1840 c. 1840 Late 18*-Early Late 18*-E arly Cellar Late 18*-Early Cellar c. 1840 c. 1840 Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge DS1.8B.F1 A-0042 DS1.8B.F1 A-0043 DS1.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 A-0040 DS1.8B.F1 DS2.8B.F1 210 209 208 A-0041 207 206 A-0039 205 A-0038 o Os

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. " j '/ Forsimilar mark see H 6 '/<” W 3 pattern see A-0043, A-0152, A-0153, A- For similaredge see A-0280, A-0240 and A-0089, A-0091, A- 0097, A-0105 andA- Foradditional examples ofthis 0154, A-0155 and dA-0289. 0280. A-0096. H flowerson the and medallions of exterior in yellow, Pearlware hand- painted ribbed teabowl withenamel decoration pinkin onthe interior rim pinkand brown. yellow, orange, blue complex floral design in green, Pearlware hand- andbrown. saucer witha neoclassical scene ruins. Pearlware blue shell mark thatreads paintedpitcher with decoration ina depicting anobelisk andother classical edged soupplate. Marked on diebase withan impressed “ROGERS”. polychrome enamel transferprinted George & England Staffordshire or England, Yorkshire, c. 1795-1815 John Rogers, Staffordshire, England c. 1790-1820 England Pearlware blue 19* century,19* filled 19* century,19* filled century,19* filled Late - 18* early Late 18*-E arly Cellar c. 1840 Late -E 18* arly Cellar c. 1840 c. 1840 Cellar Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge DS2.8B.F9 DS2.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 A-0044 DS1.8B.F1 214 A-0050 212 A-0047 213 A-0049 211

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6:44. Unearthing New Unearthing 1760-1860" in Ceramic Evidence, Ceramic 83, no. 245. W 3 H” H 3 Vi" W 3” Published in England's Past: The H 7” Published in fromthe Hart- Shortridge House, Circle Journal Circle “Generations of Trash: Ceramics American Ceramic s Pearlware bellied mustardpot with lid. Decorated with two motif, one around the middle ofthe molded foliate body andone around the lid. Dipped pearlware applied overthe slip are around the handleterminals. bands ofblue shell entire surface and then scored away in vertical stripes to reveal the white body. Several horizontal bands of brown and yellow rimandbase. Press jug withbrown slip England England c. 1805-1820 c. 1800-1820 19th century, filled 19th 19th century, filled 19th Late 18lh - Late Early 18lh Late 18th - Late early18th c. 1840 c. 1840 Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar DS2.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 A-0052 A-0051a 216 215

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6:44. by Robert XA" 1760-1860” in Unearthing New Unearthing Circle Journal Circle fromthe Hart- Ceramic Evidence, Ceramic 81, no. 237. Patternpublished in England's Past: The Designpictured in H 6 ” Published in Trash: Ceramics Shortridge House, W 5” Foradditional pattern see A-0073, A-0872, A-0873, A- 0977 and A-1011. Pattern andOther Pattern Chinese W 3 “Generations of Copeland, 37, fig. 7. American American Ceramic examples ofthis Spode's Willow afterthe Designs a ■ dendritic decoration. molded foliate handle terminals. Minton. yellowband of slip overentire body overlaid withbrown rimand base. Press Dipped and mocha Three narrow horizontalbands of Pearlware blue engravedby Thomas creamwarejug with blue slip aroundthe transferprinted muffinplate withthe “Willow II” pattern England c. 1805-1820 Spode, Staffordshire, England c. 1800-1810 19* century, 19* filled 19th century, filled 19th Late 18*-early c. 1840 Late 1 8 * - Early c. 1840 Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar DS2.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 218 A-0059 217, A-0057

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6:44. by English Unearthing New Unearthing 1760-1860” in Evidence, Ceramic 80, no. 226. Ceramic Evidence, Ceramic H %: 1 W 3” Unearthing New Unearthing 79, no. 224. Published in England's Past: The England's Past: The Circle Journal Circle Spout and handle are Cream-Coloured 74-76. Published in DonaldC. Towner, fromthe Hart- Shortridge House, H 7” W 4” W 3” pictured in Earthenware H 6” Published in “Generations of Trash: Ceramics American Ceramic " landscape design. witha Chinese Creamware caster with knop finial. Chinese export porcelain teabowl floral terminals, an base ofthe spout. top andbase and a two-part twisted handle with molded acanthus leafatthe lineargeometric handle terminals. Creamware coffeepot withbead molded acanthus leaf Dipped pearlware tankard with bands the rimand base. decorated with engine turned inlaid darkbrown slip ina pattern. Press decorationaround ofbrown slip around The sides are England c. 1790-1810 China Leeds Pottery, England England c. 1770-1815 c. c. 1805-1820 19th century, filled 19th century, filled 19th Late 18th -E Late arly18th c. 1840 Late 18th -Early Late 18th c. 1840 19th century, filled 19th 19th century, filled 19th Late 18th-E arly c. 1840 Late 18th-early c. 1840 Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar DS1.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 A-0065 DS1.8B.F1 DS2.8B.F1 A-0060 221 222 A-0066 220 A-0064 219

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The

sherd 'A" V” x4 ’A” Unearthing New Unearthing Unearthing New Unearthing Ceramic Evidence, Ceramic Ceramic Evidence, Ceramic Unearthing New Unearthing 76, no. 211. Published in England's Past: The Castleford Pottery Castleford 78, no. 219. 4 Ceramic Evidence, Ceramic reprint, 4, pi. 14. W 6 H 5/8” 1 W 2 %" Published in England's Past: The W 5" Published in 79, no. 225. Formpictured in BookPattern 1796, England’s Past: Past: England’s The interiorthere is an Salt-glazed white stonewarequart typical floral design. orange, andon the tankard withscratch bluedecoration in withan impressed “2” decorationon the exterior ingreen, gilt, brownand orange scrollborder. for lemons with withenamel Creamware molded Markon the base Chinese export polychrome floral holes indiamond Creamware drainer plate with royal rim. porcelain teabowl patterns, both handles missing. Staffordshire, England c. 1750 England China c. 1760-1770 England Pottery, Yorkshire, The Castleford c. 1790-1800 1755-1765 19th century, filled 19th 19th century, filled 19th 19th century, filled 19th Late 18th -Early Late 18th c. 1840 Late 18th-E arly c. 1840 Cellar Late 18th-early c. c. 1840 1 Hart-Shortridge Privy Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar DS2.8B.F12 A-0070 DS1.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 A-0069 DS2.8B.F1 226 224 A-0068 225 223 A-0067

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by Robert Unearthing New Unearthing Evidence, Ceramic New Unearthing Ceramic Evidence, Ceramic 78, no. 217. 80, no. 229. W 6 '/2” H 2 '/<” W 3 '/i” Published in Foradditional examples ofthe same pattern see A-0057, A-0872, A-0873, A- 0977 and A-1011. Designpictured in Chinese W 7 ‘/2" Published in England's Past: The Copeland, 37, fig. 7. H 3” England's Past: The Spode's Willow Pattern andOther the Designs after landscape design. Minton. exterior a is Chinese Pearlware blue transferprinted twiffler withthe pattern “Willow 11” engravedby Thomas floral decoration. earthenwarepunch the interiorbase of thebowl. Onthe Pearlware fluted Tinglazed bowl with “success totrade” incobalt on teabowl withhand- paintedpink enamel England Spode, Staffordshire, England, c. 1800-1810 England, Liverpool, c. 1760-1770 c. 1790 19* century,19* filled 19* century,19* filled 19th century, filled 19th Late -Early 18* Late 18*h - Early Late 18*h Late 18th-E arly c. 1840 c. 1840 c. 1840 Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar DS1.8B.F1 DS1/2.8B.F1 A-0073 DS1.8B.F1 A-0071 228 227 229 A-0075

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The V" Unearthing New Unearthing Evidence, Ceramic 81, no. 236. England's Past: The Unearthing New Unearthing Patternpublished in Ceramic Evidence, Ceramic 82, no. 238. R. K. Henrywood, 399-400. Foradditional examples ofthis A-0132, A-0133, A- 0173, A-0174, A- 0175 and A-0176. Published in “Wild Rose” pattern discussed in oBlue Dictionary f Printed and White patternsee A-0082, H H 4 Foradditional A-0502, A-0906 and England's Past: The Pottery 1780-1880 by A. W. Coyshand W 3" examples ofthis pattern see A-0501, A-0989. 18* century18* garden 1811 1811 aftera drawing Pearlware blue men fishing. transferprinted teabowl with the “Gothic Ruins” patterndepicting two fromthe late 1820s It was popularly usedby many firms to 1850s England. The print source is an scene is oNuneham f southeastof Oxford. Pearlware blue Rose” pattern. engraving by W. Cooke published in by S. Owen. The Courtenay, a famous transferprinted milk jug with “Wild Stevenson, England, c. 1816-1830 Andrew Cobridge, England, Staffordshire or c. 1830-1840 Yorkshire, 19* century,19* filled, 19* century,19* fdled Late 18*-Early c. 1840 Late 18th-E arly c. 1840 Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge DS1.8B.F1 A-0081 A-0076 DS1/2.8B.F1 231 230

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. without prohibited reproduction Further owner. copyright the of permission with Reproduced M os •c -o Q < OO CNrs X CS c/a t: E o QO CQ Cellar Andrew Pearlware blue |§ W 5 '/«” CQ u* Late 18* -early Stevenson, transfer printed 19* century, filled Cobridge, saucer with the For additional c. 1840 England, “Gothic Ruins” examples of this c. 1816-1830 pattern depicting two pattern see A-0081, men fishing. A-0132, A-0133, A- 0173, A-0174, A- 0175 and A-0176.

Pattern published in Unearthing New l England's Past: The Ceramic Evidence, 81, no. 236. s I •o i CN a < OO 00 ro X CO •c *c 00 £ E o eg V OO Cellar England, Pearlware blue For additional Um X Late 18* - Early c. 1820-1830 transfer printed examples of the same 14 1 19* century, filled teacup with a pattern see A-0144, c. 1840 Chinese landscape A-0156 and A-0290. pattern, which incorporates, birds, a Pattern published in man, and a pagoda. Unearthing New England's Past: The Ceramic Evidence, 81, no. 235 35 f OO OO < .e *c •o CO X E E O(0 CO O 00

Q Cellar England or Redware teapot with Published in -fcU u- CQ Late 18*-Early Philadelphia, manganese lead Unearthing New 19* century, filled Pennsylvania glaze and a trimmed England's Past: The c. 1840 c. 1800-1825 foot and body. Ceramic Evidence, i 84, no. 255. 53 ? a < OO CQ 00 vo •R •a X C/3 x £ •s u o p o

Cellar Piscataqua Region, Redware teabowl ^ Late 18* - Early New England with a dark brown 19* century, filled lead glaze and c. 1840 trimmed foot. V a " Forsimilar edge see A-0047, A-0280 and A-0097, A-0122, For similaredge see DS1.109, A-0110, A-0106, A-0101 and A-0243. A-0240. For similarmark see A-0047, A-0091, A- 0097, A-0105 and A- 0280. For similaredge see A-0108, A-0100, A-0124 and A-0091. W 9 Forsimilar mark see For similaredge see A-0108, A-0100, A-0303, A-0725, A-0124 andA-0089. A-0097, A-0122, A-0303, A-0725, A-0047, A-0089, A- 0097, A-0105 andA- 0280. □ Pearlware blue shell edged muffinplate. Pearlware blue shell edged muffinplate. Inpressed markon the base that reads “ROGERS”. Pearlware blue shell Impressed markon the base that reads Pearlwareblue shell edged soupbowl. edged soup plate. “ROGERS”. edgedbowl. England England c. 1790-1820 Staffordshire, England Staffordshire, England England Pearlware blue shell Rogers, c. 1790-1820 John& George Rogers, c. 1790-1820 John& George 19* century,19* filled 19* century,19* filled 19th century, filled 19th 19* century, filled Late 18*-E arly 19th century, filled 19th c. 1840 Late 18th -E Late arly 18th c. 1840 Late 18th-E arly Late 18th-E arly c. 1840 Late 18th-E arly c. 1840 Cellar c. 1840 Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shoitridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge A-0096 DS1.8B.F1 A-0092 DS1/2.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 A-0091 DS1/2.8B.F1 A-0089 A-0088 240 239 238 236 237

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 'A” 0280. W 8 Forsimilar mark see A-0047, A-0089, A- 0091, A-0097 and A- A-0106, A-0092 and A-0725, A-0124, A-0089 and A-0091. W 6 Vi” For similaredge see DS1.109, A-0110, A-0243. A-0107, A-0036, A-0123 and A-0125. Forsimilar edge see Forsimilar edge see A-0108, A-0100, A-0122, A-0303, A-0725, A-0124, A-0089 and A-0091. For similaredge see A-0108, A-0097, A-0122, A-0303, A-0047, A-0089, A- 0091, A-0105 and A- 0280. For similar marksee □ Impressed markon “ROGERS”. Pearlwareblue shell edgedplate. the base that reads edged muffinplate. edged muffinplate. shelled edged muffin plate. Impressed markon the base that reads “ROGERS”. edged muffinplate. Pearlware blue shell edged muffin plate. Staffordshire, England c. 1790-1820 England Pearlware blue shell Rogers, England Pearlware blue shell John& George England Pearlware blue England Pearlware blue shell Staffordshire, Rogers, England c. 1790-1820 John & George 19* century,19* filled 19* century,19* filled 19th century, filled 19th 19th century, filled 19th century, filled 19th Late 18*-E arly c. 1840 Late 18*-Early c. 1840 Cellar 19th century, filled 19th Late 18th -Late Early18th c. 1840 Late 18th -E Late arly 18th c. 1840 Late 18th -E Late arly 18th c. 1840 Late 18th-E arly c. c. 1840 Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar DS1.8B.F1 A-0105 DS1/2.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 A-0097 DS1.8B.F1 246 245. A-0102 244 A-0101 243, A-0100 242 A-0099 241

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Vi" A-0122, A-0303, A-0089 andA-0091. For similaredge see DS1.109, A-0106, For similaredge see For similaredge see A-0100, A-0097, A-0725, A-0124, A-0101, A-0092 and A-0243. A-0036, A-0099, A-0123 and A-0125. W 8” For similaredge see DS1.109, A-0110, A-0101, A-0092 and A-0243. W6 KIlS shell edged muffin shell edged muffin Pearlware green plate. Pearlware green shell edged muffin shell edged muffin plate. Pearlware green plate. Pearlware green plate. Pearlware blue shell edged muffinplate. withan incised “X”. edged muffinplate. Markedon the base Pearlwareblue shell edged muffinplate. Pearlware blue shell edged muffinplate. Pearlware blue shell England England England England England England England England 19* century,19* filled 19* century,19* filled 19* century,19* filled 19* century,19* filled 19* century,19* filled Late 18*-Early c. 1840 Late -E18* arly c. 1840 19* century,19* filled c. c. 1840 Cellar 19th century, filled 19th Late 18*- early 19* century,19* filled Late 18*- early c. 1840 Late 18*-Early Late 18*-Early c. 1840 c. c. 1840 c. c. 1840 Late 18th-E arly Late 18th-E arly Cellar c. 1840 Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Cellar DS1/2.8B.F1 DS1/2.8B.F1 DS1/2.8B.F1 A-0118 DS1/2.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 A-0112 A-0108 DS1.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 A-0106 A-0107 254 A-0119 253 252 A-0114 250 A-0110 251 249 248 247

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. CN ao ro a>$ 5

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Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.

Unearthing New Unearthing 81, no. 236. Ceramic Evidence, Ceramic Foradditional examples ofthis patternsee A-0135 and A-0498. Unearthing New Unearthing Patternpublished in 81, no. 236. 0175 andA-0176. England’s Past: The Patternpublished in Evidence, Ceramic A-0082, A-0132, A- 0173, A-0174, A- Foradditional examples ofthis 0175 and A-0176. Past: England’s The pattern see A-0081, For additional 0173, A-0174, A- Forsimilar example see A-0I30. examples ofthis pattern see A-0081, A-0082, A-0133, A- frontof a house with a woman sitting in chickens ather feet. Pearlwareblue teabowl with transferprinted medallions depicting men fishing. Pearlwareblue transferprinted teabowl withthe “Gothic Ruins” patterndepicting two Pearlwareblue transferprinted teabowl withthe “Gothic Ruins” men fishing. Pearlware hand- pattern depicting two painted teabowl with polychrome floral decoration around the exterior in a band. England England, Stevenson, c. 1816-1830 Andrew Cobridge, Stevenson, England, England Andrew Cobridge, c. 1816-1830 19* century,19* filled 19* century,19* filled Late - 18* Early c. 1840 Cellar 19* century,19* filled 19th century, filled 19th Late -E 18* arly Cellar c. 1840 Late 18*-E arly Late -E18* arly c. 1840 Cellar c. 1840 Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Cellar DS1.8B.F1 A-0134 DS1.8B.F1 A-0133 DS1.8B.F1 A-0132 DS1/2.8B.F1 A-0129 264 263 262 261

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 0150A, A-0159, A- 0161, A-0293, A- 0294, A-0295, A- 0300, A-0301 and A- 0496. For additional examples ofthis 0142, A-0143, A- H 2'/«” W 3 '/<” pattern see A-0149, examples ofthis A-0140, A-0141, A- and A-0498. Foradditional pattern see A-0139, A-0150, A-0151, A- 0499, A-0876, A- 0935 and A-0936. Foradditional examples ofthis pattern see A-0134 transferprinted teabowl with camel and oasis pattern. withhouse behind Pearlware blue transferprinted teabowl with the “Milk Maid” pattern Pearlwareblue medallions ofscene with woman sitting herand chickens at her feet. Pearlware, blue transferprinted teabowl with England England England 19* century,19* filled 19* century,19* filled 19* century,19* filled c. c. 1840 Late 18*-Early Late 18*-E arly Cellar c. 1840 Late IS01 - EarlyLate IS01 c. 1840 Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar DS1.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 DS1/2.8B.F1 266 A-0136 267 A-0138 265 A-0135

i « Pearlware blue m CQ 5. o o s oo H 2 V” **- a U I n transfer printed W 3 >(S 'A" & teabowl with camel 2 and oasis pattern. For additional examples of this pattern see A-0138, A-0140, A-0141, A- 0142, A-0143, A- 0150A, A-0159, A- 0161, A-0293, A- 0294, A-0295, A- 0300, A-0301 andA- NO O

0^1* 00 00 ^ cd o 0496. OC/3 CO J3 X 3T3 T3 d 2 3 . 0 C tS O O O00 OO 0> V geg eg S n

s s 2 •s 2 ■s Pearlware blue E For additional 0 Oo C O C oo O C 00 ^ w -^== ^ S 9 i transfer printed examples of this

121 teabowl with camel pattern see A-0138, and oasis pattern. A-0139, A-0141, A- 0142, A-0143, A- 0150A, A-0159, A- 0161, A-0293, A- 0294, A-0295, A- 0300, A-0301 and A- o

.c 0496. X 2 J 33 d 2 <3,3 r w e c OO Pearlware blue E For additional ^ W eg transfer printed examples of this T3 ^ teabowl with camel pattern see A-0138, and oasis pattern. A-0139, A-0140, A- 0142, A-0143, A- 0150A, A-0159, A- 0161, A-0293, A- 0294, A-0295, A- 0300, A-0301 and A- 0496. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. without prohibited reproduction Further owner. copyright the of permission with Reproduced •a M s TJ* oo ca •q .3 3 CQ s r X (N t-* w Q < r € CO o a C oo c oo C/3i 2

■s Pearlware blue For additional ^ 6 0 bu « « ■§ ^ i

o g transfer printed examples of this *T3 s « 2 teabowl with camel pattern see A-0138, and oasis pattern. A-0139, A-0140, A- 0141, A-0143, A- 0150A, A-0159, A- 0161, A-0293, A- 0294, A-0295, A- 0300, A-0301 andA- 0496.

-i « Pearlware transfer For additional _>».H uu* tu o g » O W c3 *3 “ 1 printed teabowl with examples of this T3 „• 2 camel and oasis pattern see A-0138, pattern. A-0139, A-0140, A- 0141, A-0142, A- 0150A, A-0159, A- 122 0161, A-0293, A- 0294, A-0295, A- 0300, A-0301 and A- 0496. M 00 ^ T3 2 = ^ 9 CQ^1* r^ TT •o JS t ci tti Q < A OO V o2 oo £ B

€ € Pearlware blue H 2 '/«" O O OO g OO CO O transfer printed W 3” teacup with a Chinese landscape For additional pattern, which examples of the same incorporates, birds, a pattern see A-0083, man, and a pagoda. A-0156and A-0290.

Pattern published in Unearthing New England's Past; The Ceramic Evidence, 81, no. 235. 'A" / ” 3/« A-0177, A-0178, A- 0179 and A-0320. Foradditional A-0177, A-0178, A- Foradditional examples ofthis 0179 and A-0320. examples ofthis pattern see A-0147, H 2 W 4” pattern see A-0148, Foradditional A-0168, A-0169 and A-0292. W 6” examples ofthis pattern see A-0145, H 2 W 3 '/ 2” examples ofthis A-0292. Foradditional pattern see A-0146, A-0168, A-0169 and ■ m ■ landscape pattern. 1770-1829, a Dublin saucerwith castle transferprinted chocolate cup with castle landscape pattern. Pearlwareblue transferprinted 1829, a Dublin glass have soldthis pattern. saucer with“Dragon James Donovan, fl. merchant and decoratorknown to transferprinted and Key” pattern. Pattern attributed to glass andchina andchina merchant anddecorator known to have sold this Pearlware blue Pearlware blue transferprinted attributedto Janies Donovan, fl. 1770- pattern. chocolate cup with “Dragon and Key” pattern. Pattern England Pearlwareblue England England England century, filled 19* century,19* filled 19* century, filled c. 1840 Late 18th-E arly 19111 Late 18th-E arly c. 1840 19th century, filled 19th Late IS"1 - Late Early IS"1 c. 1840 Cellar Late 18lh-Early c. 1840 Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge A-0148 DS1.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 A-0146 DS1.8B.F1 277 276 A-0147 275 274 A-0145

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. examples ofthis A-0149, A-0150, A- 0935 andA-0936. For additional patternsee A-0136, 0499, A-0876, A- 0294, A-0295, A- 0300, A-0301 and A- 0496. 0161, A-0293, A- A-0149, A-0151, A- Foradditional examples ofthis A-0139, A-0140, A- 0141, A-0142, A- 0143, A-0159, A- Foradditional 0499, A-0876, A- 0935 andA-0936. pattern see A-0138, W 5” examples ofthis patternsee A-0136, W 5 Vi" examples ofthis Foradditional pattern see A-0136, A-0150, A-0151, A- 0499, A-0876, A- 0935 andA-0936. ! transferprinted saucerwith the “MilkMaid” pattern. Pearlwareblue saucer with camel Pearlware, blue andoasis pattern. transferprinted transferprinted saucerwith the “MilkMaid” pattern. transferprinted saucer with the “MilkMaid” pattern. England England England Pearlwareblue England Pearlware blue 19* century, 19* filled Late 18*-Early c. 1840 19* century, filled 19* century,19* filled Cellar Late 18*-Early c. 1840 19* century,19* filled Late 18*-E arly c. 1840 Late -18* Early c. 1840 Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar DS1.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 A-0149 DS1/2.8B.F1 A-0150 281. A-0151 280 A-0150A 279 278

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. A-0044, A-0152, A- 0153,A-0154 andA- 0289. 0289. W 5'/«" Foradditional For additional examples ofthis pattern see A-0043, For additional examples othis f A-0044, A-0153, A- 0154, A-0155 andA- Foradditional examples othis f patternsee A-0043, patternsee A-0043, 0289. examples othis f A-0044, A-0152, A- 0154, A-0155 and A- A-0044, A-0152, A- 0153, A-0155 and A- 0289. pattern see A-0043, and otherclassical ruins. neoclassical scene depicting anobelisk transferprinted teabowl with a neoclassical scene depicting anobelisk Pearlwareblue transferprinted saucer witha andother classical ruins. Pearlwareblue Pearlware blue transferprinted saucer witha neoclassical scene depicting anobelisk andother classical ruins. depicting anobelisk ruins. Pearlware blue transferprinted saucer with a neoclassical scene and otherclassical England England England England 19* century, 19* filled 19* century,19* filled 19* century,19* filled century,19* filled c. c. 1840 Late 18*-Early Late 18*-Early c. 1840 Late 18th-E arly Cellar Cellar Cellar c, 1840 Late 18*-E arly Cellar c. 1840 Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge DS1.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 A-0153 DS1.8B.F1 A-0152 DS1.8B.F1 284 A-0154 285 A-0155 283 282

1 * Pearlware blue For additional b ° o £ °° o a* U oo 3 *3c3 ^ 1 transfer printed examples of this T3 saucer with a pattern see A-0083, Chinese landscape A-0144 and A-0290. pattern, which incorporates, birds, a Published in man, and a pagoda. Unearthing New England’s Past: The Ceramic Evidence, 81, no. 235. -C t-»* *

o O g 1o Pearlware, blue W 5” fcu © cd o ^ to .S' — .S' 00 C«1 s a transfer printed T3 saucer with design For additional of a Chinese examples of this landscape with birds, pattern see A-0024 a a teahouse and a and A-0157. 126 river. Published in Unearthing New England's Past: The Ceramic Evidence, 81, no. 235. oo OS 00 D C O*' C/3 1 d 2 3 . 3 n oo «n ac tu "3) *s € op O cq Ctf B

S € -S Pearlware blue W 5'/«" £ CQ °° °° .S' — .S' w w s a transfer printed •a © 5 ^ saucer with camel For additional and oasis pattern. examples of this pattern see A-0138, A-0139, A-0140, A- 0141, A-0142, A- 0143, A-0150A, A- 0161, A-0293, A- 0294, A-0295, A- 0300, A-0301 and A- 0496. Spode, butother factories made many slightly different examples ofthis versions. Foradditional pattern see A-0163, A-0164and A-0165. The “Woodman” pattern is believed to have been introduced c. by 1814 Spode. This example isnot For additional examples ofthis A-0139, A-0140, A- 0143, A-0150A, A- 0159, A-0293, A- 0294, A-0295, A- 0300, A-0301 andA- 0496. W 5 pattern see A-0138, 0141, A-0142, A- “Woodman”pattern depicting a woman holding a child and talking to a man with anax. Pearlwareblue andoasis pattern. Pearlware blue transferprinted saucer with the transferprinted teabowl withcamel England Staffordshire, England c. 1815-1840 19* century,19* filled 19* century,19* filled c. 1840 Late - 18* Early Late 18*-Early c. 1840 Cellar Cellar Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge DS1/2.8B.F1 A-0162 A-0161 DS1.8B.F1 290 289

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. factories made many Spode, but other slightly different versions. factories made many versions. For additional examples ofthis Spode,but other c. by 1814 Spode. This example is not slightlydifferent pattern see A-0162, A-0163, andA-0165. The “Woodman” Foradditional have been introduced c. by 1814 Spode. This example is not patternbelieved is to have beenintroduced examples ofthis pattern see A-0162, A-0164 and A-0165. The “Woodman” pattern isbelieved to Pearlware,blue transferprinted teabowl with the “Woodman”pattern depicting a woman holding a child and talking to a man with anax Pearlware blue holding achild and transferprinted teabowl with “Woodman” pattern depicting a woman talking to a man with an ax. Staffordshire, England c. 1815-1840 England Staffordshire, c. 1815-1840 19* century,19* filled 19* century,19* filled Late -E18* arly Cellar c. 1840 Late arly18Ul-E c. c. 1840 Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Cellar DS1/2.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 A-0163 292 A-0164 291

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Spode, but other factories made many slightly different have been introduced c. by 1814 Spode. This example is not versions. Foradditional H 2 1/8" W 3 14” Foradditional A-0163 and A-0164. examples othis f A-0292. pattern see A-0145, A-0146, A-0169 and examples othis f The “Woodman” pattern see A-0162, pattern believedis to 1770-1829, a Dublin Pearlware blue transferprinted saucer with “Dragon glass and china merchantand decoratorknown to have soldthis pattern. and Key”pattern. Pattern attributedto James Donovan, fl. transferprinted Pearlware blue holdinga child and an ax. teabowl with the “Woodman” pattern depicting a woman talkingto a man with England Staffordshire, England c. 1815-1840 19* century,19* filled 19th century, filled 19th Late - 18* Early c. 1840 Late 18th-E arly c. c. 1840 Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar A-0168 DS1.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 A-0165 294 293

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V” Ceramic Evidence, Ceramic Unearthing New Unearthing 81, no. 236. England's Past: The W 3 Patternpublished in H 2'/«" Foradditional and A-0272. Foradditional 0133, A-0174, A- 0175 and A-0176. Foradditional examples ofthis pattern see A-0145, A-0146, A-0168 and A-0292. examples ofthis pattern see A-0171 examples ofthis pattern see A-0081, A-0082, A-0132, A- B 1829, 1829, a Dublinglass shepherd and sheep Pearlware transfer printed teabowl with Pearlwareblue transferprinted teabowl with the “Gothic Ruins” pattern depicting two men fishing. to have sold this pattern. pattern Pearlware blue transferprinted chocolate cup with “Dragonand Key” pattern. Pattern attributed to James Donovan, fl. 1770- and china merchant and decoratorknown England Stevenson, Andrew England, c. 1816-1830 Cobridge, England 19* century,19* filled 19* century,19* filled 19* century,19* filled Late 18*-Early Late 18*-E arly Late -E18* arly c. 1840 Cellar c. 1840 Cellar Cellar c. 1840 Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge DS2.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 DS1/2.8B.F1 296 A-0170 297 A-0173 295 A-0169

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Unearthing New Unearthing Evidence, Ceramic 81, no. 236. Patternpublished in 0174 and A-0175. Past: England’s The 0133, A-0173, A- Unearthing New Unearthing Evidence, Ceramic 81, no. 236. Foradditional Unearthing New Unearthing A-0082, A-0132, A- examplesof this Patternpublished in England's Past: The Ceramic Evidence, Ceramic 81, no. 236. A-0082, A-0132, A- 0133, A-0173, A- 0174 andA-0176. pattern see A-0081, 0133, A-0173, A- 0175 andA-0176. Pattern published in Past: England’s The Foradditional examples ofthis pattern see A-0081, Foradditional examples ofthis pattern see A-0081, A-0082, A-0132, A- men fishing. patterndepicting two Pearlware blue saucer with the transferprinted “Gothic Ruins” lowercase “o”. men fishing. with an impressed teabowl withthe “Gothic Ruins” patterndepicting two transferprinted teabowl withthe “Gothic Ruins” patterndepicting two men fishing. Markedon thebase Pearlware blue transferprinted Pearlwareblue c. 1816-1830 Stevenson, England, Andrew Cobridge, c. 1816-1830 Stevenson, England, Stevenson, England, c. 1816-1830 Andrew Cobridge, Andrew Cobridge, 19th century, filled 19th Late 18th-E arly 19th century, filled 19th Cellar 19th century, filled 19th c. 1840 Late 18th-E arly c. 1840 Late 18th-E arly Cellar c. 1840 Cellar Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge DS1.8B.F1 A-0176 DS1.8B.F1 A-0175 A-0174 DS1.8B.F1 300 299 298

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. W 6” For additional pattern see A-0147, A-0148, A-0178, A- 0179 and A-0320. Foradditional examples ofthis W 2 '/<” For additional examples ofthis pattern see A-0147, 0178 and A-0320. H 2” examples ofthis A-0148, A-0177, A- pattern see A-0147, A-0148, A-0177, A- 0179 and A-0320. ■ landscapepattern. landscapepattern. Pearlwareblue transferprinted saucerwith castle Pearlwareblue transferprinted chocolate cup with Pearlwareblue transferprinted teabowl with castle castle landscape pattern. England England England 19* century,19* filled 19* century,19* filled century, 19* filled Late 18*-Early Late 18*-E arly Cellar Late 18"’-Early c. 1840 c. 1840 c. c. 1840 Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge DS1.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 A-0177 DS1.8B.F1 302 A-0178 303 A-0179 301

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6:44. 1770-1860” in H 2 14" W 4” Foradditional examples ofthis pattern see A-0181, A-0218 and A-0271 andA-0556. Patternpublished in “Generations of fromthe Hart- 1760-1860” in Trash: Ceramics Shortridge House, Circle Journal Circle ftomthe Hart- Shortridge House, Foradditional American American Ceramic examples ofthis A-0218, A-0271 and A-0556. Patternpublished in “Generations of American Ceramic Circle Journal. Vol. VI, p. 44 pattern see A-0180, Trash: Ceramics ii Pearlware blue transferprinted “Cottage Pattern”. chocolate cup with Pearlware blue saucer with “Cottage Pattern”. Pearlware blue shell transferprinted edged oval serving dish. Herculaneum Pottery, Liverpool, England, c. 1810-1815 England, Herculaneum Pottery, Liverpool, c. 1810-1815 England c. 1790-1820 19th century, filled 19th Late 1 8 " '-Early 19th century, filled 19th 19* century,19* filled Cellar c. 1840 Late 18th-E arly Late 18*-E arly c. 1840 c. 1840 Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar DS2.8B.F1 A-0180 DS2.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 304 305 A-0181 306 A-0182 U) u>

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. H 5 Vi" H 5 Vi" W 3 14” H 3” W 7 14” L 10 14" W 5 Vi” W 5 Vi” ff t t ■ H incised rings around the topbelow the pouring lip. withiron rich lead glaze and a strap with leadglaze and Redware tankard handle. Redware pitcher dots ofironrich areas withtwo lead glaze. Redware bowl with ironrich leadglaze. Piscataquaregion. Redwareporringer with ironrich lead edged dish. 17” Redware small pitcher with iron rich glaze and a strap handle. edged servingdish. Piscataqua Region, PiscataquaRegion, New England New England Piscataqua Region, EnglandPiscataqua Region, Pearlware blue shell New England Piscataqua Region, England Pearlwareblue shell NewEngland New England 19* century, filled 19* century, filled 19* century,19* filled 19* century,19* filled 19* century,19* filled 19* century,19* filled 19* century,19* filled c. 1840 Late - 18* Early Late -18* Early Cellar c. 1840 Late 18*-E arly Late 18*-Early c. 1840 c. c. 1840 Late 18*-Early Late 18*-Early Late 18*-Early Cellar c. 1840 c. 1840 Cellar Cellar Cellar c. 1840 Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge DS1.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 A-0201 DS1.8B.F1 DS2.8B.F2 DS1.8B.F1 A-0185 DS1.8B.F1 A-0187 A-0183 DS1.8B.F1 A-0184 313 312 A-0197 310 311 A-0189 309 308 307

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Unearthing New Unearthing Ceramic Evidence, Ceramic 81, no. 231. H 3 !4" W 7” Published in England's Past: The H 2 %” W 6” a a flowers anda dog. Pearlware blue hand- ofsmall flowers. painted chocolate bowl withdecoration turban onher head, a woman with a Dipped pearlware the restof thebowl slip. Pearlware black transferprinted coffee mug depicting band ofbrown slip around the rimand and yellow marbled slip above and below ornamented with slip overlaid with thin lines ofbrown the larger yellow punchbowl with a brown, green, red Dipped creamware mocha decorated solidband of yellow brown mocha decorationand two band. punchbowl witha England England England England 19* century,19* filled 19* century,19* filled Late - 18* Early 19th century, filled 19th Cellar c. 1840 19th century, filled 19th Late 18th-E arly c. 1840 Late 18th-E arly c. 1840 Cellar Late 18th -Early Late 18th c. 1840 Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar DS1/2.8B.F1 A-0215 DS1.8B.F1 DS2.8B.F1 A-0207 DS1/2.8B.F1 317 315 A-0211 316 A-0213 314

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6:44 1760-1860” in Circle Journal Circle fromthe Hart- H 3 '/«" W 6 '/«" Patternpublished in “Generations of Trash: Ceramics Shortridge House, For additional A-0556. examples ofthis pattern see A-0180, A-0181, A-0218 and American Ceramic Pearlwareblue hand- and two thin lines of brown slipabove andbelow the larger yellowband. design. Dipped creamware ofyellow slip overlaid withbrown mocha decoration Chinese landscape Pearlware blue transferprinted bowl with “Cottage Pattern”. Markedon bowl with mocha decoration composedof banda painted teabowl with the base with a blue printed “o”. England England Herculaneum Pottery, Liverpool, England c. 1810-1815 1 19* century, 19* filled 19* century,19* filled 19* century,19* filled Cellar Late 18*-E arly c. 1840 Late 18*-E arly Cellar c. 1840 c. 1840 Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge DS1/2.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 Late 18*-E arly A-0218 320, A-0219 319 A-0218a 318 O i u>

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sherd ” j !/ x 2 *4” sherd x 2 *4” 'A" The Longridge The Collection o English Collection f Foradditional 2” x 2 English ceramics see Leslie B. Grigsby’s H 4” examples ofthis pattern see A-0227. W 8” 2 2 For a discussionof andSlipware Delftware. the use ofthis rhyme on otherpieces of 9 s interiorand exterior Pearlware teacup withblue lines on rimand small leaves handle. inscription was a late as 1864. coated in brown slip andcut away in a Creamware undecorated sugar caster. and dotson the undecoratedplate. interiorand exterior remember me”. This Englishceramics as earlyas and1640 as Creamware gridpattern to reveal the whitebody underneath. mug withpink luster rimand black transferprinted words thatread “whenthis you see popularaddition to Creamware luster England England England Dipped ware mug England England 19* century,19* filled 19* century, filled 19th century, filled 19th 1755-1765 19th century, filled 19th Late - 18* Early Late 18*-Early c. 1840 Cellar c. 1840 Late IS *-E arly c. 1840 Cellar Cellar Late 18*- Early Cellar c. 1840 Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Privy Hart-Shortridge A-0226 DS1.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 A-0220 DS1.8B.F112 A-0223 A-0222 DS1.8B.F1 325 324 A-0224 321 323 322

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by ______

Vi" yr Coloured Earthenware Donald C. Towner, English English Cream- pp. 92-94. Markdiscussed in For an example of this mark see A- 0236. W 5” W 5’ h 4 W 2” examples ofthis H 3 %" W 2 For an additional pattern see A-0226. This potters mark is associated with Wedgwood. impressedheart. muffinplate with royal edge. Marked on the base with an Creamware molded Creamware undecorated saucer. undecorated saucer. interiorand exterior. creamer. Creamware withblue line on the Creamware undecorated mug. Creamware undecorated Pearlware saucer Staffordshire, England c. 1770-1775 England Wedgwood, England England England England 19* century,19* filled 19* century,19* filled 19* century,19* filled Late 18*-E arly 19th century, filled 19th century,19* filled c. 1840 19lh century, filled 19lh Late -E18* arly c. 1840 c. 1840 Cellar Late -E 18* arly Late -Early 18* c. 1840 Cellar Late 18th -Early Late 18th Late 18th — Early — Late 18th c. 1840 Cellar c. 1840 Cellar Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge DS2.8B.F1 A-0235 DS1.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 A-0232 A-0231 DS1.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 A-0230 DS2.8B.F1 A-0227 331 330. A-0233 329 328 327, 326 u> 00

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V” vr 6 A-0106, A-0101 and For similar edge see DS1.109, A-0110, A-0092. W 10 A-0047, A-0280 and A-0096. Coloured Markdiscussed in Forsimilar edge see English English Cream- DonaldC. Towner, Foran example of this mark see A- 0235. Earthenware 92-94. w i 51 Pearlwareblue shell edgedplate. dish. Pearlware blue shell edged charger. Pearlware blue shell edged serving17” edged muffinplate. edged muffinplate. Pearlware blue shell associated with Wedgwood. Pearlware blue shell royal rim. Marked withan impressed hearton the base. muffinplate with Thispotter's mark is Creamware molded England England England England England England Staffordshire, c. 1770-1775 Wedgwood, 19* century,19* filled 19* century,19* filled 19* century,19* filled 19* century,19* filled Late 18*-Early c. 1840 19* century,19* filled Late 18*-Early Late 18*-Early c. 1840 19* century,19* filled Late 18*-Early c. 1840 Cellar c. 1840 Late -18* Early c. 1840 Cellar Late -18* Early c. 1840 Cellar Hart-Shortiidge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge DS1.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 DS2.8B.F1 A-0241 DS2.8B.F1 A-0239 DS2.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 A-0236 337 A-0243 335 336 A-0242 334 A-0240 333 332

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. H 4 ” W 3/<” 10 H 4 ” W 14 '/2” m lead glaze. Redware dish with with leadglaze. ironrich lead glaze. Pearlwareblue shell edgedplate. Redwarebaking dish with slip trailed interior. Redware dish with iron rich leadglaze. with leadglaze. decoration instraight vertical lines from top tobottom of the Redware dish with Redware basin with slip trailed line around the rim andconnected figure “8”s onthe interior decoration ina wavy base. England Redware bakingdish England Piscataqua Region, England Redwarebaking dish New England Piscataqua Region, Piscataqua Region, Piscataqua Region, Piscataqua Region, NewEngland New England NewEngland New England 19* century,19* filled 19* century,19* filled 19th century, filled 19th 19th century, filled 19th 19* century,19* filled 19th century, filled 19th 19* century,19* filled century,19* filled Late 18*-E arly Late 18th-E arly Late 18111- Early Late 18111- Late 18th-E arly Late 18*-E arly Late 18*-E arly Late 18th- Early c. 1840 c. 1840 c. 1840 Cellar c. c. 1840 - Late Early18th c. c. 1840 Cellar Cellar c. 1840 Cellar Cellar c. 1840 Cellar c. 1840 Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge DS1.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 DS1/2.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 A-0248 A-0251 DS1.8B.F1 DS1/2.8B.F1 A-0245 345 A-0256 339 340 A-0249 341 342 A-0252 343 A-0253 344 A-0254 338

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. W 4 %” H 1 W 3” W 9” Creamware molded plate. undecorated saucer. Chinese export withbead decoration around the interior porcelain undecoratedbowl. Redware milkpan Creamware saucer base. Redware pieplate and yellow slip trailed decoration with lead glaze. Chinese export withenamel floral decoration. Creamware with greenish glaze around the rim. porcelainteabowl England China England England England Piscataqua Region, New England China 1 1790’s 1790’s 1755-1765 19* century,19* filled 19* century,19* filled 1790’s 1790’s 19* century,19* filled F14-Cellar Late 18lh-E arly Late 18th-E arly c. 1840 F I-C e lla r Late 18*-Early c. 1840; c. 1840 Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Privy Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge DS2.8B.F14 DS2.8B.F14 A-0263 DS2.8B.F12 A-0262 A-0260 DS2.8B.F1 DS2.8B.F14 DS2.8B.F1/F14 A-0261 A-0258 DS2.8B.F1 352. A-0265 350 348 349 347 A-0259 346 HI

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6:46. V” y4n 3 3 1760-1860” in W 5 Circle Journal Circle fromthe Hart- Shortridge House, Published in “Generations of H 8” w Trash: Ceramics American Ceramic ■ saucerwith anall- floralpattern. transferprinted over floralpattern. in 1790. withan all-over Bennett-Dodge ofJohn Hart at the time ofHart’s death transferprinted handle froma Redwarepitcher with lead glaze and handle. Winthrop Bennett, 1789-1860, establishedthe potteryand was a creditorto the estate pitcheror teapot spots ofiron rich glaze and a strap England Pearlwareblue England Pearlware blue Bennett-Dodge Pottery, Portsmouth, New Hampshire c. 1790-1800 19* century,19* filled 19* century,19* filled Late 18*-Early c. 1840 1790’s Cellar Late -E 18* arly Cellar c. 1840 Cellar Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge DS1.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 A-0268 DS2.8B.F14 A-0267 355, A-0269 354 353

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6:44. 1760-1860” in Circle Journal Circle H 7” W 4” fromthe Hart- Shortridge House, H 4 3/«” H 4 3/«” W 3” 8” x 8" sherd Patternpublished in Trash: Ceramics American Ceramic For additional A-0181, A-0218and A-0556. “Generations of examples ofthis pattern see A-0180, terminals. acanthus leafmolded scene depicting two ovalplatter with royaledge. Creamware pitcher witha handle with Pearlwareblue transferprinted creamer with a Chinese fanning men, one ofwhom is onan ox. Creamware molded Pattern”. Pearlwareblue transferprinted bowl with “Cottage England England England c. c. 1810-1815 Herculaneum Pottery, Liverpool, England 19* century,19* filled 1830-1865 century, 19* filled 19* century,19* filled c. 1840; F5 - Privy Late - 18* Early c. 1840 Late 18*-Early Cellar Late 18th- Early c. 1840 F I-C ellar 19* century,19* filled Cellar Late 18*-E arly Cellar c. 1840 Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge DS1.8B.F1 A-0277 DS2.8B.F1/F5 A-0276 DS1/2.8B.F1 A-0273 DS1.8B.F1 A-0271 359 358 357 356.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Forsimilar marksee W 10” A-0096. Foradditional A-0044, A-0152, A- 0153, A-0154 and A- 0155. A-0047, A-0089, A- 0091, A-0097 andA- 0105. H 5” Forsimilar edge see A-0047, A-0240and H 3” W 2” examples ofthis patternsee A-0043, * n landscapepattern. Pearlwareblue transferprinted saucer witha floral transferprinted neoclassical scene and otherclassical ruins. teapot missingthe lid. All-over floral Pearlware blue shell Markedon die base withan impressed teabowl witha depictingan obelisk Whiteware blue transferprinted unknownmaker. edged soupplate. markthat reads “ROGERS”. pattern with a butterfly featured prominently, known as the “Flora” pattern. Byan George & England England Pearlwareblue Staffordshire, England John Rogers, England c. 1790-1820 19* century,19* filled 19* century,19* filled 19* century,19* filled 19* century,19* filled Late -18* Early c. c. 1840 Late 18*-Early c. 1840 Late 18*-Early Cellar c. c. 1840 c. 1840 Late 18*-Early Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge A-0288 DS1.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 A-0280 DS1/2.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 A-0279 362 363 A-0289 361 360

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0300, A-0301 and A- 0496. Unearthing New Unearthing 0159, A-0161, A- 0294, A-0295, A- Foradditional Ceramic Evidence, Ceramic 81, no. 235. examples ofthis patternsee A-0138, A-0139, A-0140, A- 0141, A-0142, A- 0143, A-0150A, A- England's Past: The Foradditional examples ofthis pattern see A-0145, A-0146, A-0168 and A-0169. Foradditional examples ofthis A-0144 and A-0156. Published in pattern see A-0083, 1829, aDublin glass saucerwith camel transferprinted and decoratorknown tohave sold this andoasis pattern. Donovan, fl. 1770- and china merchant pattern. “Dragon and Key” attributed to James incorporates, birds, a transferprinted chocolate cup with pattern. Pattern Pearlware blue transferprinted teacup with a pattern, which man, and a pagoda. Chinese landscape England Pearlware blue England Pearlwareblue England, c. 1820-1830 19* century, filled 19* century, 19* filled Late 18*-E arly c. 1840 19* century,19* filled Late 18*-Early c. 1840 Late 18*-Early Cellar c. 1840 Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge DS1.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 A-0292 DS1.8B.F1 A-0290 366 A-0293 365 364

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 0143, A-0150A, A- 0159, A-0161, A- 0293, A-0294, A- 0300, A-0301 andA- 0496. Foradditional A-0139, A-0140, A- 0141, A-0142, A- 0496. examples ofthis pattern see A-0138, 0141, A-0142, A- 0143, A-0150A, A- 0159, A-0161, A- 0293, A-0295, A- 0300, A-0301 and A- A-0139, A-0140, A- Foradditional examples ofthis pattern see A-0138, edgedplate. Pearlware blue shell undecoratedplate. saucer withcamel andoasis pattern. transferprinted Pearlware blue transferprinted saucer withcamel and oasis pattern. England England Creamware England Pearlware blue England 19* century,19* filled 19* century,19* filled Late 1 8 * - Early 19* century,19* filled Late 18*-E arly c. 1840 Cellar c. 1840 19th century, filled 19th Late 18th-E arly Cellar c. 1840 Late -E18* arly c. 1840 Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Cellar DS1.8B.F1 A-0299 DS1.8B.F1 A-0297 A-0295 DS1.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 A-0294 370 369 368 367

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. W 9 !4" For similaredge see 0295, A-0300and A- For similaredge see A-0088. 0159, A-0161, A- 0293, A-0294, A- 0295, A-0301 and A- 0496. A-0139, A-0140, A- 0141, A-0142, A- 0143, A-0150A, A- pattern see A-0138, A-0139, A-0140, A- 0141, A-0142, A- 0143, A-0150A, A- 0159, A-0161, A- 0293, A-0294, A- Foradditional examples ofthis 0496. Foradditional A-0108, A-0100, A-0097, A-0122, A-0725, A-0124, A-0089and A-0091. pattern see A-0138, examples ofthis BUS edgedplate. edged mutfinplate. Pearlware blue shell edged muffinplate. saucer withcamel andoasis pattern. transferprinted saucerwith camel and oasispattern. transferprinted England Pearlware blue shell England Pearlware blue shell England England Pearlwareblue England Pearlware blue 19th century, filled 19th 19*0., filled c. 1840 19* century,19* filled Late 18th-E arly 19th century, filled 19th 19th century, filled 19th Late 18th -E Late arly 18th Cellar c. 1840 Late 18th-E arly c. c. 1840 Late 18th-E arly Late 18th-E arly c. 1840 c. 1840 Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar DS1.8B.F1 DS1/2.8B.F1 A-0303 DS1/2.8B.F1 A-0303 DS1.8B.F1 A-0300 DS1.8B.F1 375 A-0304 373 374 372, A-0301 371

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Ceramic Evidence, Ceramic 78, no. 220. A-0148, A-0177, A- Unearthing New Unearthing Foradditional examples ofthis pattern see A-0147, 0178 andA-0179. H 1 H %" 1 W 6” For similar examples see A-0039 andA- 0040. Published in Past; England’s The W 10 '/<” i chocolate cup with castle landscape Pearlwareblue landscape on the exterior. One offive Hart-Shortridge site. transferprinted pattern. structure onopposite witha flowerdesign onthe interiorand a simple central flower excavated at the bank. Aprinted cartouche on the “Phillips”. Pearlware hand- design. Chinese export porcelainpatty pan Whiteware blue transferprinted plate witha pattern depicting a manand women onthe bank ofa river with spire underside titles the painted large tea or coffee pot witha pattern“Parisian” by England c. 1750-1770 England China Staffordshire, England c. 1834-1848 George Phillips, 19* century,19* filled 1830-1865 19th century, filled 19th 19th century, filled 19th 19* century,19* filled 1830-1865 Late 18*-E arly c. 1840 Late 18th- Early Cellar c. 1840 c. 1840; F5 - Privy Late 18th -early Late 18th F5 F5 - Privy Late IS*-E arly c. 1840; Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge FI-Cellar Hart-Shortridge FI-Cellar A-0320 DS1.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 A-0319 A-0314 DS2.8B.F1/F5 A-0310 DS2.8B.F1/F5 379 378 377 376

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vr W 5” H 2 H 2” W 3” H 2" W 3” W 3” W4” H 6 '/>" H 6 '/>" Creamware teabowl with farm scenepattern undecorated bowl. transferprinted depictingcats anda cow. Creamware undecorated saucer. Creamware undecorated teabowl. to the “Wild Rose” undecorated teabowl. onthe bankof a riverrelaxing with pattern. depicting gentlemen buildings in background. Similar transferprinted pitcher withpattern England England Pearlware blue England England England Creamware England Pearlware blue 19* century, filled 19* century,19* filled 19th century, filled 19th 19* century,19* filled Pit Early century19* c. 1840 Late 18*-Early 1830-1865 Late 18*-Early Late 18*-E arly c. 1840 c. 1840 Late -E 18* arly c. 1840 Privy Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge DS1.8B.F1 DS2.8B.F20 DS2.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 A-0326 DS2.8B.F1 A-0322 DS2.8B.F5 384 A-0328 383 385 A-0330 382 A-0325 381 A-0323 380

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. W 5” H 3 %” W 2 %” Foradditional examples ofthis andA-0871. patternsee A-0542 sh o w Wpjrw' withpolychrome teacup withgilding around the lipon the exterior. enamel design of cherries inbunches. lusterteacup with floral decoration. undecorated saucer. sheep. A large dish with thispattern Phillips mark, butall Pearlwareblue hand- Shepherd” pattern lady seatedamongst bears the impressed painted mug witha Chinese landscape design. transferprinted teabowl with “Piping depicting a shepherd otherexamples are unmarked. playing hispipe to a England Pearlware teabowl England Soft-paste porcelain England Creamware England Creamwarepink England England Pearlwareblue 19* century,19* filled 1830-1865 1830-1865 19* century,19* filled Late 18*-E arly c. c. 1840 Late - 18* Early 1790’s c. c. 1840 Privy Cellar 19* century, 19* filled Late 18*-Early c. 1840 Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Privy Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge FI-Cellar DS1.8B.F1 DS2.8B.F5 DS1.8B.F1 A-0462 DS2.8B.F5 A-0452 A-0332 DS2.8B.F14 DS2.8B.F1 391 A-0480 390 388 A-0338 389 387 386 A-0331 C/i O

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. andA-0135. Foradditional A-0139, A-0140, A- 0141, A-0142, A- 0143, A-0150A, A- W 5 3/8” Foradditional examples ofthis examples ofthis pattern see A-0138, 0159, A-0161, A- 0293, A-0294, A- 0301. 2” x 3” sherd pattern see A-0134 0295, A-0300 and A- m MLm frontof a house with withdeer design and Pearlware blue transferprinted saucer with medallions depicting chickens ather feet. Chinese export porcelainsaucer cross hatchborder. Pearlware blue transferprinted and oasispattern. decoration. Pearlware hand- pinkenamel floral a woman sitting in teabowl withcamel paintedcreamer with England England China England 1830-1865 19* century, 19* filled 19th century, filled 19th 19th century, filled 19th Late 18th -E Late arly18th c. 1840 Late 18th -E Late arly18th c. 1840 Late 18*-E arly c. 1840 Cellar Cellar Cellar 1 Hart-Shortridge Privy Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge A-0500 DS2.8B.F5 DS2.8B.F1 A-0498 DS1.8B.F1 A-0484 DS1.8B.F1 1 395. 394 393 A-0496 392.

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6:44. 1770-1860” in Circle Journal Circle fromthe Hart- Shortridge House, W 6 '/«" Foradditional A-0271. Patternpublished in “Generations of American American Ceramic H 3” examples ofthis pattern see A-0180, A-0181, A-0218 and Trash: Ceramics H 3" W 6” Foradditional examples ofthis pattern see A-0331 and A-0871. a a Pattern”. sheep. A large dish withthis pattern Phillips mark, but all Pearlwareblue transferprinted bowl with “Cottage transferprinted bowl with “Piping Shepherd"pattern lady seatedamongst bears the impressed otherexamples are unmarked. Pearlwareblue depictinga shepherd playing his pipe toa England Pottery, Liverpool, Herculaneum c. 1810-1815 England 19* century,19* filled 19th century, filled 19th Late 18*-Early c. 1840 Cellar Late 18th-E arly c. 1840 Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Cellar DS1/2.8B.F1 A-0556 DS1.8B.F1 A-0542 397 396

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. sherd 'A" 'A” H 2” W 6 For similaredge see A-0105 andA-0121 3 3 ,/2,,x 2 sherd ,/2” 2” x 2 Fora similar example see A-0361. m U P- .t> greenishpatches. Redware dish with lines around the rim, wall and edge of to slip resulting edgedplate. trailed slip decoration in wavy base. Copperadded interior withenamel andbrown. floweron the porcelain saucer polychrome floral decoration inpink Cafe-au-laitground with ablue line and Batavia-type ornamentation. porcelaincup with England Pearlware blue shell Piscataqua Region, New England China Chinese export China Chinese export 19th century, filled 19th 1755-1765 1755-1765 Late 18th - Late Early 18th c. 1840 Privy 1830-1865 Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge F 1 2 - Privy Hart-Shortridge Privy DS1.8B.F1 DS2.8B.F12 DS2.8B.F12 A-0578 DS2.8B.F5 401 A-0724 400 A-0660 399 A-0579 398

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American 6:47. 1860” in Shortridge Site 1760- Ceramic Circle Ceramic L 11” fromthe Hart- H 5 Vi” Foradditional A-0762b, A-0762C andA-0762d. Published in “Generations of Trash: Ceramics examples ofthis Journal, patternsee A-0762a, womanand child. was frequently the vessel. with cantedcomers, classical revival Buck was a miniature portrait painterwhose work adapted fortransfer impresseduppercase “M” onthe base of White ironstone red transferprinted rectangularteapot spoutand sides. printdepicting a prints onpottery in the 1820s-1850s. There is an missing lid and Acanthus left terminals onthe handle. Print is an AdamBuck style beadingalong the Staffordshire, England c. c. 1845-1855 1830-1865 Privy Hart-Shortridge DS2.8B.F5 402. A-0762

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6:47.

'A" 1760-1860” in Circle Journal Circle fromthe Hart- Shortridge House, “Generations of Trash: Ceramics and A-0542. Foradditional A-0762a, A-0762b and A-0762c. Patternpublished in H 2 W4 VS" Foradditional examples ofthis examplesof this pattern see A-0762, American Ceramic pattern see A-0331 impressedPhillips large dishwith this Creamware undecorated sherd, possiblythe topof a Buck was a shepherdplaying his patternbears the mark, butall other examplesare unmarked. fragment withan was frequently adapted fortransfer transferprinted waste bowl with “Piping Shepherd” patterndepicting a miniature portrait pipe toa ladyseated amongst sheep. A Pearlware red transferprinted jug AdamBuck style womanand child. painterwhose work prints onpottery in the 1820s-1850s. Salt-glazed white stoneware undecoratedbowl. jaror pitcher. classical revival print depictinga England England Pearlware blue Staffordshire, England, England c. 1845-1855 19* century,19* filled 19* century,19* filled 19* century, filled Late 18*-E arly c. 1840 c. 1840 Cellar Late 18th-E arly Late 18*-Early c. 1840 Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge A-0904 DS1.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 A-0871 DS1.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F94 406 405 404 A-0781 403 A-0762d

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W' H 6 W 2 »/4" L3»/«" L3»/«" W 2 Salt-glazed stoneware vessel. Pearlware blue shell cylindrical storage Pearlware blue transferprinted teapot lid with leaf and circlepattern. edged plate. England England England 1830-1865 19th century, filled 19th 1830-1865 Late 18"'-Early c. 1840 Hart-Shortridge Privy Hart-Shortridge Privy Hart-Shortridge Cellar DS2.8B.F5 A-1008 DS1.8B.F1 DS2.8B.F5 A-0994 409 407 408 A-1007 Os U i

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, ,

by Robert Unearthing New Unearthing Evidence Ceramic 81, no. 237. Designpictured in Foradditional Patternpublished in England's Past: The Spode's Willow Chinese 4'/«” sherd examples ofthis A-0073, A-0872, A- 0873 and A-0977. Pattern andPattern Other the after Designs Copeland, 37, fig. 7. pattern see A-0057, PI 1800-1810. Marked landscape design. longer visible. Pearlware blue hand- stoneware cylindrical storage vessel. Pearlware blue shell edgedplate. blue onthe base. base withaChinese Stone China blue Minton for Spode, c. Soft-paste porcelain The pattern is no paintedpunch bowl “Willow 11” pattern “Willow 11” engraved byThomas with ‘H & RG’ in oval teapot lid with hand-paintedenamel decoration inpink. transferprinted platter with the England Salt-glazed England England England England 19* century,19* filled 1830-1865 19* century,19* filled Privy 1830-1865 Late 18*-E arly c. 1840 Late 18*- Early Privy c. 1840 Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge DS2.8B.F5 DS2.8B.F157/ F100 DS1.8B.F1 DS1.8B.F1 A-1011 DS2.8B.F5 413 A-1022 414 A-1059 412 A-1021 411 A-1016 410 Ul 'J

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'A" 'A" L 6” W 2 1/8” H214" H 3” W 6” H 3 W 2 2” x sherd 1” Foran additional example ofthis pattern see A-1075. Foran additional example ofthis pattern see A-1074. m H Whiteware pink luster wastebowl lusteraround the furtherarticulated by floral motifs. floral and border with a wide band of exterior that is Whiteware pink lustercreamer with Tinglazed withenamel floral andyellow Pearlwareblue edged teacup. Pearlware light blue transferprinted abstract foliate printed bluein on the base reads “7”. Pearlware lightblue transferprinted teacup with an the base reads “7”. designs. earthenware sherd decorationin purple teacupwith an pattern. Mark abstract foliate pattern. Mark printed inblue on England England England England England 19th century, filled 19th 19th century, filled 19th Late 18th-E arly c. 1840 Late 18,h-E arly Cellar c. 1840 Hart-Shortridge England Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge Cellar Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge DS2.8B.115 DS2.8B.106&155 A-1078 DS2.8B.F151 DS2.8B.F1 DS2.8B.F1 420, 419 418 DS2.8B.063 416 A-1075 417 415 A-1074

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Vi" V" h i'A " H 5” W 3 •/«" W 1 3/«” H 2 W 3 H 2 H HMBHDBHHi Soft-paste porcelain cartouche pattern. impressed markon “Walker Minories”. Markassociated witha retailer rather thanthe Chinoiserie lusterpitcher with decorationon the sides andcopper lusterminiature luster interior. sauceboat withan the base thatreads manufacturer. blue transferprinted bowl witha Creamware copper whiterelief floral vine reliefaround the rim. lid, handle ends in leafterminals, Creamware copper waste and sand in wideband around exteriorand pink Creamware undecoratedmolded pitcher withpotters Pearlware green shell edged plate sherd. Creamware round possibly a serving dish lid. England England c. 1785-1800 England England England 1770-1800 1770-1800 19* century 19* century19* Privy Privy Stone and Concrete Cellar Posthole ! Richard Hart Richard Hart Hart-Shortridge Hart-Shortridge England Hart-Shortridge RichardHart DS3.8C.F2 DS3.8C.F2 A-0281 A-0270 DS2.8B.150a DS2.8B.150b A-0264 DS2.8C.F36 l ! j 426, 425 421 422 423 DS4.8B.F87 424

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 'A" vr 1" x1" 2” sherd Forsimilar examples see A-0352, A-0353 h i W 2 ■//’ H 2” W 3 and A-0354. J^B H rfl Be' □ with white reserve with Batavia-type ornamentation. Cafe-au-lait ground containingfloral decoration. Redware bellied storage vessel witha narrow neck. line around the interiorrim. Chinese export porcelainsaucer rim floral decorationand with Batavia-type ornamentation. Cafe-au-laitground with white reserve decoration anda red with a basketand bridge design. with Batavia-type ornamentation. containingblue gilding. Chinese export porcelainteabowl containing floral Chinese export porcelainteabowl Chinese export Cafe-au-lait ground with white reserves porcelainteabowl China Piscataqua Region, New England China China c. 1770 China 1750-1780 1770-1800 1700-1745 1770-1800; 1770-1800 1770-1800 Privy Cellar F102-Cellar F2 - Privy Privy Richard Hart RichardHart Richard Hart Richard Hart Richard Hart Privy DS3.8C.F2 DS4.7.F12 A-0339 A-0284a F102 DS3/5.7/8C.F2/ DS3.8C.F2 DS3.8C.F2 431 430 429 A-0284 427 A-0282 428. A-0283

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. see A-0356 andA- 0395. 3 14” sherd 3 14” see A-0352, A-0353 andA-0282. W 5” Forsimilar examples For similar examples see A-0353, A-0354 andA-0282. For similar examples W 5 14" lunette and dagger interiorborder. incorporating a with floral decoration and a type decoration with floral with a basket, bird andbridge design. Chinese export witha basketand bridge designon the exteriorand an alternating lozenge andcircle interior rimborder. porcelainsaucer saucer with Imari- scroll and floral decoration. Chinese export porcelain saucer, design and a crosshatch, diamond and flowerborder. Chinese export porcelain saucer porcelainsaucer China Chinese export China c. 1770 Chinaor Japan Hard-paste porcelain China c. 1770 China 1770-1800 1770-1800 1770-1800 1770-1800 1770-1800 Privy Privy Privy Privy 1 Richard Hart Richard Hart Privy Richard Hart Richard Hart RichardHart DS3.8C.F2 A-0357 DS3.8C.F2 DS3.8C.F2 A-0354 DS3.8C.F2 A-0356 DS3.8C.F2 I 436 434 A-0355 432 A-0352 433 435

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Vi' Vi' Vi' Vi' 2" W 2 H 2 W 3” For a similar example see A-0578. W 5 H 2” W Forsimilar examples see A-0389 and A- H 1 H 1 0383. KS E l landscape design. interior. with Chinese transferprinted molded teabowl with aChinese landscape pattern. witha crosshatch interiorborder and a landscape designon Pearlwareblue hand- Pearlwareblue hand- Pearlwareblue hand- paintedcoffee cup porcelain teabowl the exterior. porcelain teabowl with Batavia-type Cafe-au-laitground painted saucerwith Chinese landscape design. paintedteabowl with Chinese landscape design. ornamentation. on the exteriorand blue floral decorationon the England Pearlwareblue England England China Chinese export China Chinese export 1770-1800 1770-1800 1750-1780 1770-1800 1770-1800 Privy Cellar Shallow Trench England Privy Richard Hart Richard Hart Richard Hart RichardHart Privy Richard Hart Privy Richard Hart DS3.8C.F2 DS4.7.F12 DS3.8C.F7 DS3.8C.F2 A-0381 DS3.8C.F2 DS3.8C.F2 A-0379 A-0359 442 A-0391 441 439 440 A-0380 437 438 A-0361

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 11” 11” sherd Forsimilar examples W 10” L 13 Vi" 2 H” sherd see A-0366 and A- 0520. H andherringbone rim. stoneware saucer. stoneware molded Salt-glazed white patterns inrelief on platter with basket, scroll and star in diamondpatterns in reliefon the rim. stoneware molded soupplate rimwith landscape design. scroll patterns in reliefonrim. basket, scroll, fence Chinese export stoneware molded basket, diamond and porcelain teabowl base witha Chinese porcelain teabowl base withcobalt decoration depicting a boat. platter rim with England Salt-glazed white England Salt-glazed white England England Salt-glazed white ChinaChina Chinese export 1750-1775 1770-1800 1750-1780 1750-1780 1770-1800 1750-1780 Cellar Cellar Richard Hart Cellar Richard Hart Privy Richard Hart Cellar Richard Hart Richard Hart Privy Richard Hart A-0410 DS3/4.7.F12 DS3.8C.F2 DS4.7.F12 DS3.8C.F2 A-0392 DS4.7.F12 DS3.7.F12 446 A-0397a 447 A-0401 445 A-0397 443 444 A-0393

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. sherd V" Forsimilar examples ofdecoration see A- 0020 and A-0028. 3" x 6 Forsimilar examples see A-0066, A-0366 andA-0393. W 9” glaze. witha landscape design. Redware pitcher witha straphandle and ironrich lead Chinese export porcelainsaucer floral decorationon landscape designon sepia colored rim. the exterior. porcelain teabowl witha Chinese the exteriorand stoneware molded earthenware plate stoneware molded the rim. rimand herringbone, scroll, basket, and fence fretpatterns in reliefonrim. base withcobalt plate with herringbone, scroll, basketand diamond patterns inrelief on plate withshaped Piscataqua Region, China New England China Chinese export England Tinglazed England Salt-glazed white England Salt-glazed white 1770-1800 1770-1800 1750-1780 Privy 1770-1800 1770-1800 1770-1800 Privy Cellar Privy Privy Richard Hart RichardHart Richard Hart Richard Hart Richard Hart Privy Richard Hart A-0610 DS3.8C.F2 A-0583 DS3.8C.F2 DS3.7.F12 DS3.8C.F2 DS3.8C.F2 A-0515 A-0418 DS3.8C.F2 454 453 452 A-0520 451 450 A-0419 449

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 'An x 2” 'A” Vi" 1955.0136.012A.B. A-0089and A-0091. Winterthur Museum, A-0097, A-0122, A-0303, A-0124, 2 2 2” x 2” exists in the collection ofthe W 10” For similaredge see A-0108, A-0100, H 5” W 3 Two sherds H 3 A similarteapot stripes ofgreen and yellowglaze. incised lines in shaped teapot sherds roulettedbands of Pearlware blue shell- edgeplate. Creamware melon decorated with dots and vertical dishrim with swirled slip straight-sided storagejar with horizontal bands aroundthe body. decoration. Redware tankard withan ironrich glaze. Staffordshire, England England c. 1759-1765 England Buffearthenware England Buffearthenware Piscataqua Region, c. 1780-1820 New England 1770-1800 1750-1780; 1750-1765 1750-1780 1735-1755 1750-1780 FI10-Privy Privy F12-Cellar Privy Cellar Richard Hart DeerTavern RichardHart Richard Hart Richard Hart Richard Hart Cellar DS3.8C.F2 DS4.7.F12 & DS5.5.F110 DS3.7.F12 A-0662 DS3.7.F12 DS4.7.F48 458 A-0700 459 A-0725 456 455 A-0630 457 A-0699

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Zi" 'A” W 8 Vi" H 2 Vi" H 2 Vi" H 2 W 3” sherd 2” x4” sherd H 2 W 2 y4" o ES interior. scallopedplate rim withcobalt and iron decoration. andpurple decoration highlighting the star and heartpattern along the rim. Tin glazed earthenware basin with manganese floral motifon Tin glazed earthenware rimwith manganese shell designon the rim Tinglazed earthenware bowl glazed stoneware mugrim withblue borderand central Rouen, France England France Germany Gray-bodied salt- 1770-1800 1700-1745 floorof F12, Posthole inthe floorof F12 cellar, 1750-1775 (Cellar 1750-1775) Richard Hart Richard Hart Posthole in the Richard Hart Privy Richard Hart Cellar DS4.7.F46 DS3/4.7.F78 DS3.8C.F2 DS5.7.F102 461 A-0752 463 A-0758 462 A-0753 460 A-0748

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American 6:47. 1860” in 1" sherd 1" Ceramic Circle Ceramic fromthe Hart- Shortridge Site 1760- 3” sherd Foradditional examples ofthis A-0762a, A-0762b andA-0762d. Patternpublished in Trash: Ceramics pattern, see A-0762, “Generationsof Journal • ■ . g g transfer-printed sherd withan Adam Buck style classical luster sherd with white slip reserves andpink and orange Salt-glazed white incised lines around Pearlware black revival print depictinga woman andchild. Buck was painter whose work was frequently adapted fortransfer the 1820s-1850s. withribbed a miniature portrait prints onpottery in Creamware copper enamel decoration. stoneware bowl with bodied teapot rim decoration. base. Staffordshire, England England England Blackbasalt dry c. c. 1845-1855 England 1750-1780 1750-1780 1750-1780 1750-1780 Cellar Cellar Richard Hart Richard Hart Cellar Richard Hart Richard Hart Cellar A-0768 DS3.7.F12 DS3.7.F12 A-0778 DS3.7.F12 A-0762c DS3.7.F12 A-0772 465 464 466 467 0\

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by by English English 1 1 '/i” x l sherd 'A” Cream-Coloured 74-75. x 3” sherd 3 Vi” Spout and handle are Earthenware Donald C. Towner, See A-0785 forthe pictured in Spoutand handle are Cream-Coloured 74-75. L 2 ’/ j ” spout fromthe same teapot. See A-0788 for the pictured in DonaldC. Towner, L3” handle fromthe same teapot. Earthenware Dipped ware rim sherd withrouletted andbanded decorationand blue and green slip. Salt-glazed white stoneware mug with molded strap handle tortoiseshell manner, green, brownand yellow glazes mixed. leafdecoration and colored lead-glaze applied ina sponged tortoiseshell manner, Creamware molded cabbage or cauliflowerteapot handle withraised spout withraised leafdecoration and colored leadglaze applied in a sponged gray, brown and yellowglazes mixed. Creamware molded cabbage or cauliflowerteapot England England Staffordshire, England c. c. 1760-1780 Staffordshire, Wedgwood, Wedgwood, England c. 1760-1780 1750-1780 1750-1780 1750-1780 Cellar 1750-1780 Richard Hart Cellar Richard Hart Richard Hart Cellar Richard Hart Cellar DS3.7.F12 DS3.7.F12 A-0791 A-0788 DS4.7.F12 DS4.7.F12 A-0785 471 A-0876 470 469 468 O'* oo

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V" 'A" v r Vi' W 2 H 2" W 2” L 5” H 2 W 5 H 2 ” 5” x4 H H rimwith cobalt abstractborder design. flowers and around the exterior. Tinglazed earthenware plate stonewarepint bowl with scratchblue horizontal lines sided mug witha strap handle. decoration. Ornamented with Salt-glazed white floraldecoration. Redware straight stoneware slip-cast sauceboat with relief small mugdecorated with iron-rich spots landscape including Buffearthenware onthe exterior. a man inaboat. scallopededge. earthenware punch bowl withcobalt hand-painteddesign ofa Chinese Buffearthenware molded rectangular dish with stripedslip decorationand a England England Salt-glazedwhite England England England Tinglazed England 1700-1745 1735-1755 1735-1755 1700-1745 1750-1775 1750-1780 Privy 1750-1780 1 Richard Hart Cellar Richard Hart RichardHart Privy Richard Hart Cellar Richard Hart Cellar England Richard Hart Cellar RichardHart Cellar A-0901 DS5.7.F102 A-0897 DS4.8C.F48 DS5.7.F102 DS4.7.F48 A-0883 DS3/4.7.F12 A-0882 DS4.7.F12 A-0881 A-0880 DS4.7.F12 1 477 475 476 A-0889 474 473 472

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'A" V" 3” x 3” sherd W 5" H 2 H 3 '/«” H 3 '/«” W 1 W 1 M . V interiorbase. in the royal shape. Pearlware saucer with cobalt ring aroundrim and with a molded edge green underglaze decoration. Creamware plate sherd withthe “The Creamware black transferprinted Flowing Can” Creamware fluted bowlwith stripes of pattern. Chinoiserie floral design. terminal. earthenware punch bowl with formed froman Tinglazed extruded strap with a pinched lower Probablyhad a cylindrical footand anear-shaped handle Refinedblackware creamer sherd with a glossyblack glaze. England England England Liverpool, England England England 1735-1755 1770-1800 1750-1780; 1760-1780 FI 2FI - Cellar F48-Privy 1750-1780 Privy 1700-1745 Yard Deposit 1750-1780 Cellar Richard Hart RichardHart Richard Hart Richard Hart Cellar Richard Hart Cellar Richard Hart DS4.7/8C.F12/ F48 A-0971 DS3.8C.F2 A-0999 DS3.8C.F6 DS3.7.F12 A-0932 DS5.7.F102 A-0928 DS4.7.F12 483 481 A-0962 482 A-0968 480 479 "484

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. H 6” W 7” ■ earthenware bowl base with hand- interiordepicting rocks andgrass. a house. Tinglazed painted cobalt decorationon the decorationdepicting flowers. earthenware bowl base with cobalt hand-painted white reserve with Tin glazed floral designs in withblue spatterware greenand pink and red. Pearlware teacup decorationand a teacup withenamel decoration, small brightblue, green PearlwaTe moldedPearlwaTe therim of the piece. Redware bellied storage vessel with a lead glaze and spots incised lines around ofblackon the exteriorand four England England England England Piscataqua Region, New England 1750-1780 1750-1780 19* century19* 19,h century 19,h 1770-1800 Privy Richard Hart Cellar Richard Hart Cellar Richard Hart Privy RichardHart Richard Hart Privy DS3.7.F12 DS3.7.F12 DS5.8C.F114 A-1072 DS5.8C.F114 DS3.8C.F2 489 488 487 486 A-1071 485 A-1031

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. sherd 'A" x4 V" b. 5 5 Foradditional examples ofthe same patternsee A-0954a, 4” x 3” sherd with floral deer”pattern. andstriped slip decoration. Tinglazed earthenware plate decoration. Pearlwareblue transferprinted Buffearthenware withscalloped rim pitcher with“fallow press moldeddish onthe exteriorof a man inaboat. Buffearthenware withscalloped rim and combed slip decoration. interiordepicting a press molded dish with cobalthand- Tinglazed earthenware punch bowl base with hand-painted cobalt decorationon the rock and grass. Tinglazed earthenware bowl painted decoration England England England 1750-1780 1750-1780 Cellar Richard Hart England Richard Shortridge Richard Hart England Richard Hart DS1.8A DS4.7.F12 494, DS5.8C.63 495, A-0053 493 DS4.8C.670 492 DS4.8C.358 Richard Hart England 491 490 DS3.7.F12 Richard Hart Cellar

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V? Vi" 3” sherd 3 3 '/j” x 2” sherd H 3” W 5 H 4 W 3” 4” sherd B E! a dragondesign. withpolychrome decoration inpink, blackand orange. Chinese export porcelainbowl with enamel floral landscape. Chinese export porcelain saucer twodeer in an Asian landscape. underglazeblue hand-painted withdragon design in blue. Marked withgreen and band around rim. saucerwith Chinese-inspired underglazeblue globularteapot with anAsian man and Chinese export with Asian characters on the browncolored glaze swirled around the porcelainpint bowl base. Creamwarebowl bodyand a brown China China England Soft-paste porcelain, England Soft-paste porcelain China England 1750-1775; 1760-1785 1760-1785 F72A -Stone Wall F73-Cellar 1760-1785 1760-1785 1820-1840 1760-1785 Cellar Cellar Cellar Cellar Privy Richard Shortridge Richard Shortridge Richard Shortridge Richard Shortridge Richard Shortridge Richard Shortridge A-0371 DS4.8A.F72A/ F73 DS4.8A.F73 DS4.8A.F73 DS4.8A.F73 DS4.8A.F73 DS1/2.8A.F133 A-0363 A-0072 501 500 A-0367 499 A-0365 498 A-0364 497 496

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Vi" V-i' 'sherd Vi see A-0503, A-0382 andA-0382A. Forsimilar examples seeA-0382A, A- W 5” H 2” W 2 3/8" 3 3 W 6” For similarexamples 0503 and A-0384. H 2 W 2 Forsimilar examples seeA-0382, A-0503 Forsimilar example see A-0389 and A- 0380. and A-0384. Chinese landscape design. Pearlwareblue hand- teabowl witha design. Markedwith a script“N” onthe cup with a Chinese landscape design. Pearlwareblue hand- Chinese landscape painted molded swags andbell flowers aroundthe rim. Soft-paste porcelain Pearlware blue hand- base. Pearlware blue hand- painted saucer witha design. painted saucer with saucer with the design. Chinese landscape paintedchocolate dragon and fieryball painted saucer witha England England England Pearlware hand- England England England 1760-1785 1760-1785 1760-1785 1800-1815 1760-1785 1760-1785 Cellar Richard Shortridge Cellar Richard Shortridge Cellar Richard Shortridge Richard Shortridge Privy Richard Shortridge Cellar Richard Shortridge Cellar A-0384 DS4.8A.F73 DS4.8A.F73 DS4.8A.F73 DS4.8A.F73 A-0382 A-0382A DS3/4.8A.F58 A-0377 DS4.8A.F73 507 506 A-0383 504 505 502 A-0375 503 •u-

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. W 3 l/2” sherd W 3 l/2” H 2" W 5” v' B scrollborder on the interior. floral designofblue, underglazeblue. Hard-paste porcelain quartbowl with Imari-type decoration. Exterior redand gold witha interior rim. Chinese landscape porcelain teabowl withenamel decorationon the exteriorand apink porcelain teacup base withred enamel decorationand Chinese export Pearlware hand- painted saucer witha design. polychromepink and brown floral Pearlware blue hand- Chinese landscape design. blue line onthe painted saucerwith China Chinese export England China orJapan England China 1800-1815 1800-1815 1800-1815 1750-1775; 1760-1785 1800-1815; 1760-1785 F73-Cellar F73-Cellar F72 A - Stone Wall Richard Shortridge Privy Richard Shortridge Privy Richard Shortridge Privy Richard Shortridge F58 -Privy Richard Shortridge A-0434 DS3.8A.F58 DS4.8A.F58 A-0390 A-0388 DS4.8A.F58 DS4.8A.F72A/ F73 A-0389 DS4.8A.F58/F73 A-0386 511 512 509 510 508

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3 %" H 114" W 2” H 1” W 2 '/2” h W 6 1/8” Foradditional examplesof this pattern see A-0136, A-0149, A-0150, A- 0876, A-0936 andA- 0935. 5 3 withpolychrome figural designon the Chinese export the formof a dog, porcelain teacup enamel decoration incorporatinga the interiorand a transferprinted Pearlware blue muffinplate withthe “Milk Maid”pattern. exterior. Chinese export porcelain finial in possibly froma teapot, shaded with cobaltunderglaze hexagonalborder on decoration. Pearlware blue creamjug with a Chinese landscape pattern. transferprinted Anuppercase “H” is printedon the base. China England England China 1760-1785 1820-1840 1760-1785 1820-1840 Cellar Cellar Privy Privy Richard Shortridge Richard Shortridge Richard Shortridge Richard Shortridge DS4.8A.F73 A-0446 DS4.8A.F73 DS5.8A.F133 DS5.8A.F133 A-0497 A-0499 513 514 A-0470 515 516

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The

Vi V*” H 2” W 3 J4” W 2 For similarexamples H 2 discussed in R. R. K. Henrywood, 399-400. see A-0382 and A- Foradditional Forsimilar mark se A-0906. "Wild Rose” pattern DictionaryoBlue f and PrintedWrite Pottery 1780-1880 byA. W. Coysh and 0384. W 7 3/8” examples ofthis pattern see A-0076, A-0502, A-0906 and A-0989. g | edge. flowers 1811 after1811 adrawing centurygarden 18th an image ofthe Creamware molded plate withroyal setting sun. Pearlware teabowl withhand-painted polychrome enamel scene is ofNuneham fromthe late 1820s Pearlware blue hand- design. painted teacup with Courtenay, a famous Usedby many firms to the 1850s. painted saucer witha Chinese landscape Rose” pattern. A lowercase “o” is impressedon the base. The print source is an engravingby W, Cooke published in southeastof Oxford. Pearlware blue transferprinted plate with the “Wild by S. Owen. The England England England Pearlwareblue hand- England Staffordshire or England, Yorkshire, c. 1830-1840 1800-1815 1800-1815 1760-1785 1760-1785 Privy 1820-1840 Cellar Cellar Richard Shortridge Richard Shortridge Privy Richard Shortridge Richard Shortridge Richard Shortridge Privy DS4.8A.F58 A-0511 DS4.8A.F58 DS5.8A.F73 A-0506 DS5.8A.F73 DS5.8A.F133 521 A-0517 520 519 518 A-0503 517 A-0501

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Z" sherd Zi" W 5” W 6 L 10” W 8” 6” x 5” sherd W 7" 6 LJ undecorated. undecorated. thebase withan impressed lowercase Creamware saucer, “o”. impressed “18”. shelledged muffin shell edged muffin thebase withan plate. Marked on shell edged oval sided mug witha strap handle and patches ofironrich glaze. plate. Markedon dish. royal edge. Redware straight reliefonrim. Redware tankard with a lead glaze. octagonalplate with diamondpattern in edged plate. Creamware oval platter with molded Creamware molded England Creamware saucer, England England Pearlware green England Pearlware green England Pearlware green England England Creamware feather England England England 1800-1815 1800-1815 1820-1840 Privy 1800-1815; 1820-1840 1760-1785 1760-1785 1800-1815 Privy 1800-1815 1760-1785 1800-1815 F73-Cellar F58 -Privy Richard Shortridge Richard Shortridge Privy Richard Shortridge Richard Shortridge Privy Richard Shortridge Richard Shortridge CellaT Richard Shortridge Privy Richard Shortridge Privy Richard Shortridge Cellar Richard Shortridge Privy DS4.8A.F58 DS3.8A.F58 DS5.8A.F133 DS5.8A.F133 DS4.8A.F73 DS4.8A.F58/F73 A-0526 DS4.8A.F58 A-0521 DS4.8A.F73 DS4.8A.F58 A-0522 DS4.8A.F58 528 A-0532 529 A-0533 526 A-0523 527 523 525 A-0523 524 522 A-0518 IT T A-0536 ~530! A-0534

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sherd vr Vi' Vi" V”

2 'A" L 5 L 5 see A-0555. W 3” H 2 W 2 Vi" For similarexample H 2” W 3” H 2 W 5” W4” H 2” W 3” H 2” W 3” H 2” H 5” w 4 W 5” H featheredged sauceboat witha strap handle with flowerterminals and ribbonshanging off each flower. Creamware molded ribbedbase anda twopart twisted undecorated undecorated. teabowl. undecorated. Creamware teapot, undecorated. Creamwarebowl, Chinese export undecorated. Creamware teabowl, undecorated. undecorated undecorated. a dragondesign. Creamware saucer, porcelainbowl with England c. 1775 England Creamware saucer, England England England Creamware teabowl, England China England England Creamware England Creamware teabowl, 1800-1815 1800-1815 1800-1815 1800-1815 1760-1785 1750-1775 1800-1815 1820-1840 1800-1815 1800-1815 Cellar Privy Richard Shortridge Richard Shortridge Privy Richard Shortridge Privy Richard Shortridge Privy Richard Shortridge Privy Richard Shortridge Stone Wall Richard Shortridge Richard Shortridge Privy Richard Shortridge Privy Richard Shortridge Privy DS4.8A.F73 DS4.8A.F58 A-0543 DS4.8A.F58 A-0554 DS4.8A.F58 DS4.8A.F58 A-0552 DS5.8A.F133 A-0541 DS4.8A.F58 DS4.8A.F72A A-0538 DS4.8A.F58 A-0550 A-0537 A-0540 DS4.8A.F58 536 541 537 A-0544 540 535 533 538 A-0546 534 539 532

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. H 3” W 6” For similarexample see A-0004. H 3” W 6” H 6” H 3” For similarexample see A-0554. 3 3 y<” W 3 14” m ■ m either side. two small handleson interspersedamong decorationaround the rimcomprised of decoration. Redware leadglazed storage vessel with Redwareporringer withan ironrich leadglaze and a straphandle. withvignettes of bowl with polychrome blue, brown, yellow andgreen floral sauceboat witha and two ovals depicting a farm scene. Pearlwareblue transferprinted bowl with an overall Pearlware blue transferprinted buildings the flowers. featheredged ribbedbase andthe remains ofa twopart twistedstrap handle. basket weave pattern pitcher withan overall floral pattern Creamware molded England Pearlware punch England Piscataqua Region, New England England England England c. c. 1775 1800-1815 1760-1785 1760-1785 1820-1840 1820-1840 1760-1785 Privy Richard Shortridge Cellar Richard Shortridge Privy Richard Shortridge Cellar Richard Shortridge Privy Richard Shortridge Richard Shortridge Cellar DS4.8A.F73 DS3/4.8A.F58 A-0628 DS4.8A.F73 DS5.8A.F133 A-0557 DS5.8A.F133 A-0558 A-0555 DS4.8A.F73 547 546 A-0618 545 A-0561 543 544 542

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. H 2 54" H 2 54" W 10” W 3 '/2” H 4'/«” H Q an iron rich lead interior. glaze. leadglaze onthe Redwarebowl with with an ironrich an ironrich lead Redware bellied storage vessel with an ironrich lead glaze. Redware baking dish glaze. Redwarebowl with iron rich lead glaze onthe interior. Redware leadglazed Redware baking dish with lead glaze on the interior. Redware bakingdish with patches ofan bowl. with incised around the body. decoration inarches stonewarebellied storage vessel. stonewarebellied storage vessel. Buffearthenware bowl orpitcher base New England PiscataquaRegion, Piscataqua Region, Piscataqua Region, New England NewEngland Piscataqua Region, New England Piscataqua Region, New England Piscataqua Region, New England Piscataqua Region, New England England Sait-glazed white England England Salt-glazed white 1760-1785 1760-1785 1760-1785 1760-1785 1760-1785 1760-1785 1760-1785 1760-1785 1760-1785 1760-1785 Cellar Richard Shortridge Cellar Richard Shortridge Cellar Richard Shortridge Cellar Richard Shortridge Richard Shortridge Cellar Richard Shortridge Cellar Richard Shortridge Cellar Richard Shortridge Cellar Richard Shortridge Cellar Richard Shortridge Cellar DS4.8A.F73 A-0672 DS4.8A.F73 DS4.8A.F73 DS4/5.8A.F73 DS4.8A.F73 A-0655 DS4.8A.F73 DS4.8A.F73 A-0654 A-0657 DS4.8A.F73 DS4.8A.73 A-0632 DS4.8A.F73 A-0633 557 A-0675 556 555 A-0667 554 A-0665 552 553 551 550 A-0634 548 549

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.

Vi" W 8” W 9'/«” H 3 W 5” ■ with anoverall floral plate witha royal Pearlware blue transferprinted bowl pattern. the rim. Creamware molded edge. Salt-glazed white stoneware molded plate withthe barley pattern in reliefon straphandle. interiorand exterior. lead glaze and a platterwith a royal edge. Creamware molded plate witha royal edge. Redware milkpan with lead glaze on Redwareporringer with an iron rich lead glaze and a straphandle. Redware porringer with ironrich glaze. Redware porringer with aniron rich England England England Creamware molded England England Piscataqua Region, Piscataqua Region, New England Piscataqua Region, New England New England New England 1820-1840 1820-1840 1760-1785 1760-1785 1750-1775; 1760-1785 1800-1815 F73-Cellar 1760-1785 1760-1785 F72A -Stone Wall Cellar Richard Shortridge Privy Richard Shortridge Privy Richard Shortridge Richard Shortridge Privy Richard Shortridge Cellar Richard Shortridge Cellar Richard Shortridge Richard Shortridge Piscataqua Region, Richard Shortridge Cellar DS5.8A.F133 DS5.8A.F133 A-0717 F73 A-0695 A-0693 DS3/4.8A.F58 DS4.8A.F72A/ DS4.8A.F73 DS4.8A.F73 A-0715 DS4.8A.F43 DS4.8A.F73 A-0678 DS4.8A.F73 565 A-0716 566 562 561 564 560 A-0679 563 A-0696 559 558 A-0677

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. sherd Vi" V" vr x 2” sherd Vi" W10” w7 W 9 3” x 5 2 ______inscribedon the Pearlware blue shell base. edgedplatter. white checkerboard rim. edge. Creamware feather edge soupplate. Pearlware green shell edged muffin plate. An anchor is turnedblack and designaround the Creamware soup plate withroyal slip onthe body in narrowvertical bands surmounted by a wide horizontal bandand engine onthe body and engine turnedblack and white bowl withblue slip Dippedpearlware bowl rim with green checkerboard design around the rim. England England England England England Dippedpearlware England 1820-1840 1800-1815 1820-1840 1760-1785 1800-1815 1800-1815 Cellar Richard Shortridge Privy Richard Shortridge Richard Shortridge Privy Richard Shortridge Privy Richard Shortridge Privy Richard Shortridge Privy A-0730 DS5.8A.F133 DS4.8A.F73 DS5.8A.F133 DS4.8A.F58 A-0723 A-0718 DS3.8A.F58 A-0722 DS3.8A.F58 572 571 A-0728 569 570 A-0726 568 567, oo U)

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. two

'A" V" x 2” Vi"

'A" Vi" sherds 3 x 2 3 3 3” x 2” H 2 H%” W 2 ThreePieces 3 x4 '/j” m Dippedpearlware alternating with horizontal bands of bowl withbanded blue slipdecoration black andred inlaid crosses. stripes inalternating shades. the interiorrim and cylindrical vessel withhorizontal blue undecorated. Pearlwareblue shell edged sauceboat with molded body. shelledged small earthenware dish with manganese geometric shapes Tinglazed earthenware plate witha royal Pearlware green Tinglazed decorationaround below. edge. bowl. I 1 1 England England England Creamware molded England England Creamwaresaucer, England France 1750-1775 1760-1785 Stonewall 1750-1775 1800-1815 1760-1785 1820-1840 1800-1815 Cellar Privy . . I . .. . _ .... Richard Shortridge RichardShortridge Richard Shortridge Stone Wall Richard Shortridge Privy Richard Shortridge Cellar RichardShortridge Richard Shortridge Privy l DS4.8A.F72A A-0749 DS4.8A.F73 DS4.8A.F72A DS4.8A.F58 DS4.8A.F58 A-0747 DS4.8A.F73 DS5.8A.F133 A-0737 579, 578 577, A-0743 574 A-0733 576 573, A-0731 575, A-0735

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V" H 2 W 5” 2” x 2” sherd 4” x 2” sherd 3 r a with strap handle. shaped finial. Creamware tankard undecorated. base and an urn Creamware coffeepot lid with beading around the surmountedby Dippedpearlware bands ofslip with dendritic designs. Creamware saucer, undecorated. engine turned horizontalband decoration inbrown bowl witha green and yellow overlaid England Creamware bowl, England England England England 1760-1785 1800-1815 1760-1785 1760-1785 Privy 1750-1775; 1750-1775 F72A -Stone Wall F73-Cellar RichardShortridge Cellar Richard Shortridge Richard Shortridge Cellar Richard Shortridge Richard Shortridge Stone Wail DS4.8A.F73 DS4.8A.F58 A-0759 DS4.8A.F73 DS4.8A.F72A/ F73 A-0755 DS4.8A.F72A A-0751 584 A-0761 583 582 A-0756 581 580

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American American 6:47. 6:47. x sherd 1” sherd Vz" Z" 1860” in Ceramic Circle Ceramic 1860" in 1 fromthe Hart- Shortridge Site 1760- Ceramic Circle Ceramic Trash: Ceramics Journal, Foradditional Patternpublished in “Generations of andA-0762d. fromthe Hart- Shortridge Site 1760- examples ofthis A-0762a, A-0762c 2 2 Foradditional examples ofthis pattern see A-0762, Pattern published in Journal pattern, seeA-0762, A-0762c and A- 0762d. “Generations of Trash: Ceramics “ Redware pitcher with lead glaze and a strap handle. the 1820s-1850s. adapted fortransfer prints onpottery in transferprinted was frequently Pearlware sepia sherd withan Adam andchild. Buck was a miniatureportrait painter whose work Buck style classical revival print depicting a woman AdamBuck style classical revival the 1820s- 1850s. Pearlware black transferprinted creamer with an miniatureportrait was frequently adapted fortransfer printdepicting a womanand child. Buck was a painter whose work printson pottery in Piscataqua Region, New England England, Staffordshire, c. 1845-1855 England Staffordshire, c. 1845-1855 1760-1785 19th century 19th 1800-1815 Privy Richard Shortridge Cellar Richard Shortridge Privy Richard Shortridge A-0765 DS4/5.8A.F73 DS5.8A.F134 A-0762b DS4.8A.F58 A-0762a 587 586 585 n oo O

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sherd Vi' sherd x 3 Vi" /" 6 Unearthing New Unearthing Ceramic Evidence, Ceramic 83, no. 247. A similarexample is Published in 2'/«” sherd 2" sherdx 1 '/«" England's Past: The 4 Salt-glazed white stoneware molded nm. stoneware mug with the rimand base and a lightbrown drab wash around the bodyof the mug. Salt-glazed white plate with reel pattern in reliefon stoneware ribbed White salt-glaze Blackbasalt dry leafdecoration. Salt-glazed white stoneware tankard with incised lines around thebase. blackbands around teabowl base. bodied stoneware ribbedbowl base. Pearlware tureen lid withgreen cabbage Salt-glazed white stoneware tea caddy rim. England England England England England England c. 1800-1820 England 1750-1775 1800-1815 1760-1785 1750-1775 1750-1775 1820-1840 1750-1775 Stone Wall Stone Wall Stone Wall Privy Privy Stone Wall Cellar Richard Shortridge Richard Shortridge Richard Shortridge Richard Shortridge Richard Shortridge Richard Shortridge Richard Shortridge DS4.8A.F72A DS4.8A.F73 DS4.8A.F72A DS4.8A.F72A A-0779 DS4.8A.F72A A-0782 DS5.8A.F133 DS4.8A.F58 A-0776 A-0769 A-0767 594 A-0783 591 592 A-0780 593 590. 589. 588 oo

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. x 4” lA" sherd lA" Vi" 1967.1431A.B. 3” x 2 For similar example see A-0021. Winterthur Museum, 2” x l ” sherd Two sherds H (full) 2 bowl exists in the collection othe f 4” x 1 A similarcovered m 2 m four incised lines storage vessel with stoneware caster. Salt-glazed white stoneware pitcher spout. Redwarebellied around thepiece. Creamware undecoratedbowl. Salt-glazed white in alternating vertical bands. lead-glaze applied in a sponged tortoiseshell manner. Creamware teapot sherdsdecorated andgreen lead glaze lid with a flower shaped knob and greenand brown lead glaze applied in tortoiseshell manner gray,in brown and floral decoration and with sponged brown a sponged green, sprig applied a beadand reel rim. Originally hada lid. Creamware teapot Creamware sugar bowl withcolored England Piscataqua Region, New England England England England England Staffordshire, England c. c. 1750-1780 1760-1785 1820-1840 1750-1775 1760-1785 1750-1775; 1800-1815 1750-1775 Privy 1750-1775 Cellar F58 -Privy Stone Wall Richard Shortridge Stone Wall Richard Shortridge Cellar Richard Shortridge Richard Shortridge Richard Shortridge F72A - Stone Wall Richard Shortridge Richard Shortridge Stone Wall DS4/5.8A.F73 DS4.8A.F72A DS5.8A.F133 A-0796 A-0817 DS4.8A.F73 A-0787 DS4.8A.F72A/ F58 DS4.8A.72A A-0786 DS4.8A.F72A 599 600 A-0805 601 598 A-0792 597 596 595 A-0784

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, ,

by Robert by Robert Chinese Designs after the Designs Copeland, 37, fig. 7. Unearthing New Unearthing 81, no. 237. Designpictured in Ceramic Evidence Ceramic Spode’s Willow andPattern Other Patternpublished in England's Past: The Chinese Copeland, 37, fig. 7. Foradditional examplesof this pattern see A-0057, Unearthing New Unearthing the after Designs A-0073, A-0872, A- 0977 andA-1011. Pattern and Pattern Other Patternpublished in Evidence Ceramic 81, no. 237. Designpictured in Spode’s Willow A-0073, A-0873, A- 0977 and A-1011. Past: England’s The For additional examples ofthis pattern see A-0057, flutedteabowl with Pearlwareblue the “Willow II” Thomas Minton. transferprinted patternengraved by fluted saucer with the “Willow 11” Thomas Minton. Pearlwareblue transferprinted patternengraved by Spode, Staffordshire, England c. 1800-1810 Staffordshire, England Spode, c. 1800-1810 1820-1840 1820-1840 Richard Shortridge Privy Richard Shortridge Privy DS5.8A.F133 DS5.8A.F133 603 A-0873 602 A-0872 oo vo

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 3” x 7 14" sherd3” x 7 14" H 2” W 3” Foradditional examples ofthis A-0149, A-0150, A- 0151, A-0499, A- 0935 and A-0936. W 5” pattern see A-0136, Pearlware blue shell andbead edged bowl. Pearlware blue transferprinted “MilkMaid” pattern. flowers and swags. teabowl with the withbrown enamel the rimcomprised of landscape pattern. Pearlware blue Pearlware saucer decorationaround transferprinted bowl witha Chinese England England England England 19th century 19th 1820-1840 1800-1815 1820-1840 Privy Privy Richard Shortridge Privy Richard Shortridge Privy Richard Shortridge Richard Shortridge DS5.8A.F134 DS5.8A.F133 A-0876 DS3/4.8A.F58 DS5.8A.F133 607j A-0899 606 605 A-0875 604 A-0874 © vo

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.

The For similar mark see Foran additional patternsee A-0931. Pottery 1780-1880 R. K. Henrywood, 399-400. A-0989. A-0501. “Wild Rose"pattern W 7" exampleof this byA. W. Coysh and Dictionary o f Blue Dictionary o f Foradditional examples ofthis patternsee A-0076, discussed in and Printed White A-0501, A-0502 and M Lake” pattern. 1811 after1811 adrawing century garden 18th leadglaze on the “Ladyof the interior. Redwarepitcher lead glaze. transferprinted rectangular lid with withgreen-tinted impressed lowercase fromthe late 1820s withan iron rich Pearlware blue Redwarepress molded small plate with “Wild Rose” the base with an “o”. The print source anis engraving by W. southeastof Oxford. Used by many firms to the 1850s. Pearlware blue transferprinted plate Cooke published in scene is ofNuneham Courtenay, a famous pattern. Marked on by S. Owen. The Piscataqua Region, England New England Piscataqua Region, New England Staffordshire or England, Yorkshire, c. 1830-1840 1760-1785 1750-1775 1800-1815 1820-1840 Cellar Privy Richard Shortridge Richard Shortridge Stone Wall Richard Shortridge Privy Richard Shortridge A-0927 DS4/5.8A.F73 DS4.8A.F72A A-0929 DS4.8A.F58 A-0912 DS5.8A.F133 610 611 609 608 A-0906

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Vi" W 5 W 5 Foradditional H 2 '/2" W 4” A-0149, A-0150, A- 0151, A-0499, A- 0876 and A-0936. examples ofthe same A-0149, A-0150, A- 0876 and A-0935. Foradditional pattern, see A-0136, 0151, A-0499, A- Foran additional example ofthis examples ofthe same pattern, see A-0136, L 6 3/8" W 3” pattern see A-0929. 9 m m landscapes. containing exterior floral design with medallions with anoverall floral number “22” inblue Pearlware blue transferprinted bowl with interior floral borderpattern and Pearlware blue transferprinted bowl thebase with impressed fourpetal flowerwhich has the printed ontop ofit. Pearlware blue pattern. Marked on transferprinted teacup with the “Milk Maid” pattern. transferprinted teacup with the “MilkMaid" pattern. sauce boat withthe “Ladyof the Lake” Pearlware blue pattern Pearlware blue transferprinted England England England England England 1750-1775 1750-1775 1820-1840 1820-1840 1820-1840 Privy Richard Shortridge Stone Wall Richard Shortridge Stone Wall Richard Shortridge Privy Richard Shortridge Richard Shortridge Privy DS4.8A.F72A DS4.8A.F72A A-0940 A-0936 DS5.8A.F133 DS5.8A.F133 DS5.8A.F133 616 A-0946 615 614 613 A-0935 612 A-0931

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'A" Vi" For similarpattern see A-0384. H 2 '/2” W 5” 2 '/<” sherd 2 '/<” example othis f pattern see A-0053. Sherd A - 2 S h e rd B -l For an additional finial. lid, possiblya teapot lid, with flower Creamware round Pearlwareblue hand- teabowl rimwith design. painted molded Chinese landscape undecorated. sherds with “fallow Pearlwareblue transferprinted bowl deer”pattern. England England Creamware caster, England England 1820-1840 1750-1775 1760-1785 Privy 1820-1840 Richard Shortridge Richard Shortridge Cellar Richard Shortridge Stone Wall Richard Shortridge Privy DS5.8A.F133 A-0969 A-0967 DS4.8A.F73 DS4.8A.F72A DS5.8A.F133 620 619 618 A-0964 617 A-0954a,b vo u>

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. sherd W V" 2 H 2 Lead-glazed red lowdomed lid witha leaves. lid sherdwith simple fmial, a tapered cylindrical spoutand a press cup with twisted handle ending in floral rosette terminals withthree earthenware decoration. Thislid probablybelonged to a cylindershaped vessel withsharply angled shoulders, a moldedhandle. (possibly stoneware) horizontal bands of engine turned Creamware coffee England England 1760-1785 1800-1815 Privy Richard Shortridge Cellar Richard Shortridge DS4.8A.F73 DS3.8A.F58 A-0972 622 A-0973 621 vo

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.

by Robert

'A" A" Unearthing New Unearthing Ceramic Evidence, Ceramic 81, no. 237. Designpictured in Patternpublished in Past: England’s The Chinese H 3 W 4 '/2” sherd For additional examples ofthis A-0073, A-0872, A- 0873 and A-1011. W 4" H 2 W 3" 3” x 4” sherd Spode's Willow Pattern andOther afterthe Designs pattern see A-0057, Copeland, 37, fig. 7. 61 visible onthe base. thebase and acanthus leafpattern onthe spout. swirled slip decoration. Dipped ware tankard with swirled slip decoration blue,in brown, red and green. sided teapot witha Buffearthenware chocolate cup with with the “Willow II" patternengraved by Thomas Minton. A mark partiallyis Creamware straight- bead designaround Pearlware blue transferprinted plate England England England England, Spode, Staffordshire, c. 1800-1810 1760-1785 1760-1785 1760-1785 1750-1775 Cellar Cellar Cellar Stone Wall Richard Shortridge Richard Shortridge Richard Shortridge Richard Shortridge DS5.8A.F73 DS4.8A.F73 DS4.8A.F73 DS4.8A.F72A 625 A-0982 626 A-0983 624 A-0980 623 A-0977

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.

The R. R. K, Henrywood, W 9” “Wild Rose” pattern discussed in Blueo Dictionary f 399-400. and White Printedand White Pottery 1780-1880 by A. W. Coysh and For a similarpattern see A-0940. A-0501, A-0502, A- 0906 and A-0989. For additional examples ofthis pattern see A-0076, r v ~ * i - 1 1811 after1811 adrawing centurygarden 18th with leadglaze on undecorated saucer. Redwarepie plate floral pattern. undecorated saucer. southeastof Oxford. edge plate. scene is ofNuneham fromthe late 1820s transferprinted bowl withan all over Cookepublished in by S. Owen. The Courtenay, a famous Used bymany firms tothe 1850s. bowl withrouletted rim. Pearlware blue transferprinted plate with “Wild Rose" source anis pattern. The print engravingby W. I interior.I England Creamware England Creamware Piscataqua Region, NewEngland England Creamware feather England Pearlware blue EnglandYorkshire, Creamware shallow Staffordshire or England, c. 1830-1840 1760-1785 1800-1815 1820-1840 1820-1840 1750-1775; 1750-1775 F73-Cellar 1800-1815 F72A -Stone Wall 1820-1840 Richard Shortridge Privy Richard Shortridge Privy Richard Shortridge Richard Shortridge Privy Richard Shortridge Stone Wall Richard Shortridge Privy Richard Shortridge Privy DS4.8A.F58 DS5.8A.F133 A-1028 DS4.8A.F72A/ F73 DS5.8A.F133 A-1002 DS4.8A.F72A DS5.8A.F133 A-0987 DS4.8A.F58 632 A-1003 633 631 630 A-0997 629 A-0995 627, 628 A-0989

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. sherd Vi" 'A" V" W 9 2” x 5 H glaze ina sponged tortoiseshell manner. royal edgedplate decorated with green, brownand yellow colored lead edgedplate. slip onthe interior Creamware teabowl, undecorated. decoration. Dippedware rimof bowl with yellow and exteriorexcept fora band ofwhite, which contains blue Redware tankard lead-glaze andstrap handle. Dipped ware pint interiorand aband separates the yellow fromthe restof the elaborated with green mocha mocha decoration. withan ironrich bowl with a yellow ofyellow slip around the rim, a bowl which is blue line ofslip England Creamware molded England Creamware feather W 9 England England Piscataqua Region, England New England 1760-1785 1800-1815 1750-1775 1750-1775 1750-1775 Privy 1750-1775 Richard Shortridge Richard Shortridge Cellar Richard Shortridge Stonewall Richard Shortridge Stone Wall Richard Shortridge Stonewall Richard Shortridge Stone Wall A-1092 DS4.8A.F58 DS4.8A.F72 DS4.8A.F73 DS4.8A.F72A A-1089 A-1051 DS4.8A.F72 DS4.8A.F72A A-1045 i 1 639. 637 638 635 A-1046 636 A-1047 634

_____ DS4.8A.F73 Richard Shortridge Cellar England Creamware straight- 1760-1785 sided tankard with a strap handle. ______198 BIBLIOGRAPHY

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