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TASTE AND CHOICE IN EARLY PORTSMOUTH, NEW HAMPSHIRE AS SEEN THROUGH CERAMIC ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE, 1700-1860 by Suzanne Rae Findlen A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the University of Delaware in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Early American Culture Summer 2001 Copyright 2001 Suzanne Rae Findlen All Rights Reserved Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 1406306 __ ___ ___® UMI UMI Microform 1406306 Copyright 2001 by Bell & Howell Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Bell & Howell Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TASTE AND CHOICE IN EARLY PORTSMOUTH, NEW HAMPSHIRE AS SEEN THROUGH CERAMIC ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE, 1700-1860 by Suzanne Rae Findlen Approved: Leslie B. Grigsby, M.A. Professor in charge of thesis on behalf of tKe Advisory Committee Approved: I James s, Ph.D. Direct the Winterthur Program in Early American Culture Approved: Conrado M. Gempesajy/II, Ph.D. Vice-Provost for Academic Programs and Planning Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I could not have completed this thesis without the patient, kind and wise counsel of my advisor, Leslie B. Grigsby of the Winterthur curatorial department. She has inspired me and pushed me to achieve well beyond what I thought was possible. In addition, the staff at Strawbery Banke Museum in Portsmouth, New Hampshire deserves my special thanks. Mary B. Dupre, Sandra DeChard, John Mayer, Carolyn Roy, Rodney Rowland and in particular, Martha Pinello were more than generous with their time, guidance and interest in my topic. Carl L. Crossman and Louise Richardson enthusiastically spoke with me about Portsmouth’s ceramic history and provided me with critical leads, personal opinions and new insight. Ronald Bourgeault of Northeast Auctions charitably opened his home to me and encouraged me in my research. I am also indebted to Neville Thompson of the Winterthur Library for being the font of all knowledge and always knowing where the best sources are hidden. Without the generous Lois F. McNeil fellowship I would not have been able to come to Winterthur to study American material culture or research this thesis. My classmates deserve my heartfelt thanks. They became my second family, my support through all things scholarly and personal. Most importantly, they provided laughter when it was most needed. Thank you Cheryl, Jennifer, Jody, Kate, Sarah, Stephen, Rachel, Robin and Tova. iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. My sister, Alissa Findlen deserves my gratitude. She believed in me in a way only sisters can. Although she did not always understand why I thought broken dishes were so interesting or how I could spend seven horns in a museum without falling asleep, she did not let that interfere with her undying support of my dreams. She is continually an inspiration to me. I owe my greatest thanks to my parents, Anita and Patrick Findlen. They opened my eyes to the world of museums when I was growing up. They did not become exasperated with me when I asked a million questions. For providing me with a certainty in myself, that I can set my dreams high and achieve anything my heart desires I am thankful. They helped me to understand that passion is a necessary part of life. It is to my parents that I dedicate this thesis. iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES..................................................................................................................vii ABSTRACT.............................................................................................................................viii Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................. 1 2. THE DEER TAVERN........................................................................................................5 3. THE 1705 HOUSE ........................................................................................................... 11 4. THE RICHARD HART HOUSE.....................................................................................15 5. THE HART-SHORTREDGE HOUSE............................................................................23 6. THE RICHARD SHORTRDDGE HOUSE .................................................................... 30 7. EVALUATION OF SELECTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL FRAGMENTS ................34 EARTHENWARE............................................................................................................. 35 UNREFINED RED- AND BUFF-BODIED EARTHENWARE............................35 TIN-GLAZED EARTHENWARE OR DELFTWARE.......................................... 37 CREAM-COLORED EARTHENWARE OR CREAMWARE..............................39 PEARLWARE............................................................................................................. 41 DIPPED WARE........................................................................................................... 44 LUSTER WARE.......................................................................................................... 45 LEAD-GLAZED COLORED-BODIED WARES.................................................. 46 V Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. STONEWARE....................................................................................................................47 SALT-GLAZED STONEWARE............................................................................... 47 UNGLAZED STONEWARE.....................................................................................49 PORCELAIN......................................................................................................................50 SOFT-PASTE PORCELAIN......................................................................................50 HARD-PASTE (CHINESE EXPORT) PORCELAIN............................................ 51 8. CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................54 FIGURES...................................................................................................................................57 APPENDIX A: DEER STREET PROPERTY HISTORY...................................................65 APPENDIX B: RECONSTRUCTED VESSEL INVENTORY.......................................... 74 BIBLIOGRAPHY................................................................................................................... 199 vi Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 1813 Map of the Compact Part of the Town of Portsmouth, New Hampshire, 1850 .............................................. 57 Figure 2 1850 Map of the City of Portsmouth ..............................................................58 Figure 3 1892 Sanborn Map of sheet 7 (showing Deer Street) ...................................59 Figure 4 Map of Deer Street archaeology project........................................................60 Figure 5 The 1705 House (Lot 6) and the Deer Tavern (Lot 5) ................................. 61 Figure 6 The Richard Hart House (Lots 7 & 8C) .........................................................62 Figure 7 The Hart-Shortridge House (Lot 8B) ............................................................. 63 Figure 8 The Richard Shortridge House (Lot 8A) .......................................................64