I. i' i ! i 2, I 1· I 11ve John Henrvwl C I 1781-1853 of North Staffordshire and his Descendants.

BY

PERC-Y~ \\~. L. .J..~D'"~{s .J,...... -1..~, .l ( A Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London) Author of "A History of the Adams Family of North Staffordshire" "The Douglas Family of Morton in Nithsdal,e" •'Notes on N ortk Staffordshire Families " "The Jukes Family of Cound, Sal.op" Contributor to ..Memorials of Old Staffordshire " Sometime Hon. Editor & Sec. of " The Staffordshire Parish Registers Society," dk.

I

Printed at the Press of l G. T. BAGGULEY at NEWCASTLE in the County of Stafford 1947 I

Every generation needs regeneration- C. H. SPURGEON : "Salt Cellars"

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1781) (1853

DEDICATED TO THE MEMORY OF ROBERT CLEMENT AND MARY CLIVE

FOREWORD Some ten years before the death of my parents' old friend, Col. Robert Clement Clive, of Graven­ hunger, W oore, he handed over to me a mass offamily papers, knowing that I had written several f amity histories in my spare moments. I looked through them, but being very busy at the time nothing materialised, and I returned the papers. I, however, did form a scrap of a pedigree, and after his death I passed what I had made out to his son, Col. Harry Clive, of Willoughbridge, who was so much interested that in odd moments I was encouraged to add a good deal more to the account of the family until I was astonished to find it had run into a great many pages. I wish I could have found out more about the immediate parentage of John Henry Clive, born 1781, but certain parish registers are missing at that date, and I can only state what tradition hands down to us. However, there is, we believe, sufficient to be of interest to the general public of North Staffordshire, as well as to the Clive family, and to be well worth recording for a newer generation. I have to thank Col. Harry Clive for help as the book progressed, for re-writing and condensing his great grand/ather' s " Notes on the Origin and Use of Names" ; to Sir Geoffrey Callender, for his help concerning John Henry Clive's " Double Sextant for Observing Lunar Distances" ; to Mrs. Robert

X FOREWORD Clive, Mrs. Horace Clive and Miss May Clive, for the loan of old family MSS and books; to the Rt. Hon. the Earl of Powis, the Lady Magdalen Herbert and Miss Mary Newill Owen, of Welshpool, for information concerning the Shropshire family in the eighteenth Century; ·to Mrs. R. W. Heath, of Greenway Bank, Mr. Biddulph and Mrs. Nadin, for help concerning " The Bridestones " and other local history in Biddulph; to my friend, M'r. Aleyn Lyell Reade, for reading the whole for the press and for the Index ; and to my wife for long suffering general help at odd moments, as she had given /or others of my books.

To Messrs. Bagguley & Son, Printers and Publishers, Newcastle-under-Lyme, for their care in the production of the book ; Wood, Mitchell & Co., Hanley, for the pedigree, and the Cotswold Publishing Co., Wootton-under-Edge, for the collo­ type illustrations, a difficult job in some instances, for some of the daguerreotypes and old photographs were very faded. The reproductions in those cases very much exceed the originals in their clearness and general appearance. Woore Manor, Shropshire, September, 1946.

xii CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. Concerns John Henry Clive (1781-1853), relating the chief events of his life, from such MS.S. as have been handed down and now for the most part in the possession of his various descendantS-His birth in Somersetshire ; his Staffordshire days; back in later life to Somerset-His early work in engraving on copper, at the famous Turner Potteries, Stoke-on­ Trent where his stepfather was a partner-Partnership with Smith Child, Admiral of the Blue, at the Newfield Potteries near Tunstall, and in Collieries-Guardianship of the children of Thomas Cartlich of Sandyford-References to the family of his first wife Lydia Cash, and to the Roylances of Newton Manor, Cheshire, in connection with his second marriage-His pioneer work for the first Town Hall, and public life of Tunstall, and in the Corps of Infantry which were formed in North Staffordshire 1803, a company of which he commanded. His published works, in various editions, from 1810-1830, concerning his new system of Shorthand-Extracts from his MS., note books packed with information for his history of the Clive family-The first Theatre of North Staffordshire, 1820-His invention of a double Sextant for observing" lunar distances" for obtaining a ship's longitude, and Sir Geoffrey Callender' s explanation of it-His property of the 'Bridestones' and its prehistoric megalithic remains-His interest in, and skit of, the Parliamentary Election of 1832-His interest in, and explanation of, the derivation of many local words and phrases, also the origin and use of names-His plan for a Suspension Bridge exhibited at the great Exhibition of 1851- His interest in Metropolitan drainage schemes when living part of the year in London-His diary written in London at the close of his life, revealing his wide interests-His death and burial at Bath, Somersetshire...... page I

xiii CONTENTS-(continued).

CHAPTER IL Henry Clive (eldest surviving son of John Henry Clive) 1810-1865, of Broomhill, Tunstall, and Moor House, Biddulph, his marriage and large family-Enoch Wedgwood, Master Potter, of Tunstall, his relationship with Josiah Wedgwood the famous 18th century Potter. Mrs. Henry Clive, a lady of strong character-the early death of Henry Clive and his burial at Biddulph-Robert Clement Clive of Gravenhunger, 1846-1930, and his long life of public service-His son Robert, 1878-1944, an eminent Yorkshire Mining Engineer-Harry Clive, C.B., O.B.E., of Willoughbridge-William Bolton Clive of Tunstall (1847-1920) and his family...... page 103

Pedigree of the Clive Family of Huxley & Styche facing page 125

Index ... • •• ••• • •• page 126

. XIV LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

FYontispiece JoHN HENRY CLIVE (1781-1853) with his signature, in possession of Col. Harry Clive, C.B., D.L., of W illoughbridge. ~h&. ~p Signature of Sarah Clive and Charles Simpson 3 Facing Page II MRs. SARAH CLIVE (1749-1833) afterwards Mrs. Simpson, with her signature. Mother of John _Henry Clive .•. •.. 6

III MARY (1813-1851), elder daughter of John Henry Clive, Mrs. Meir ; and ANNE (1815-1900) second daughter of John Henry Clive, Mrs. ,vm. Kenwright Harvey 10 IV ELIZABETH ROYLANCE CLIVE (1824-1894). and Lucy, her sister (1828-1902) (Mrs. Christopher Smith)... 14 V NEWFIELD HALL. The Seat of the Child family - the home of John Henry Clive from 1813-1824. From an etching for the author by Reginald G. HaggaY, A.R.C.A. F.R.S.A. N.R.D. 18 VI -Sketches by JOHN HENRY CLIVE : Newton Manor, Cheshire, 1823 ; Duke's Drive, Buxton, 1829 ; and Chell House, Staffordshire, 1833 20 VII Staffordshire Volunteer Cavalry Officer, 1798 ; Volunteer Infantry Officer, 1808 •.. 22 VIII The Linear System of SHORT HAND by John Henry Clive, (engraved by himself), his title page, published in London, 1830 •.. 24 IX Plate II from J. H. CLIVE'S Linear System of Shorthand •. . •. . . . . 26 X Plate I from J. H. CLIVE'S Linear System of Shorthand . . . •. . . .• 28 XI Notes from CLIVE'S MS.S. book No. IV., concerning the forbears of the Cartlich family of Sandyford and W oore, with his sketch of SARAH CARTLICH, 1828 ..• 30

xv LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Plate No. Facing Page XII THE WooRE BEAGLES: Minnie and Beatrice Clive Cartlich ; Tom Cartlich, (Huntsman) ; Ahia Taylor, (Whipper in) ; Stanley John Weyman; Sydney Horsfall ; and Mabel Daltry 32 Page Tom Cartlich ; Ahia Taylor ; John Henry Cartlich, (Harry}, Carica.tures 35

Beatrice Clive Cartlich ; Stanley J. Weyman ; Minnie Cartlich, Ca-ricatures 36

Mrs. Tom Cartlich Junior, 1882, and her son, Caricaturts .. . . . • 39 Facing Page XIII Front Page of prospectus of A HISTORY OF THE CLIVE FAMILY, engraved and issued by John Henry Clive, circa 1820 ••• 40

XIV THE CLIVE BRASS, 1572, in the Lady Chapel of Holy Trinity Church, Chester. ... 48

XV Sketches of CLIVE Shields of Arms, by J. H. Clive, from bis M S.S. book No. VI. ... 50 Page Signatures of H. H. Williamson, (Greenway Bank) ; John Wood, (Brownbills); John Henry Clive, (Newfield) ; Joseph Brindley, (Longport); and Thomas Cox, (Hanley), 1820 54 Facing Page XVI Birmingham Fire Office receipt for one year's premium paid by Mr. John Wood of Brown­ hills, and John Henry Clive, (Newfield), in 1820, believed to be in connection with the Potteries Theatre. 54 XVII Instrument by J. H. CLIVE and another, being a double sextant for observing Lunar distances for obtaining a ship's longitude on the high seas, 1825 56

XVIII Sketch of The BRIDESTONES, Biddulph, about 1840, etched for the author by Reginald G. Haggar, A.R.C.A. F.R.S.A. N.R.D...... 58 xvi LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Plate No. Page Drawing by J. H. CLIVE of his suspension bridge shewn at the London Exhibition of 1851 86 Facing Page XIX A page from CLIVE'S Diary ......

xx "Casting all your care upon God for he careth for you", written by John Henry Clive (born 1781), in 1840 ••• ••• 94

XXI Tombstone of JoHN HENRY CLIVE (1781-1853) and his family in Bath Abbey Churchyard. 98

XXII Crest and Arms of CLIVE of North Staffordshire as on record at the College of Arms : arg. on a fess between three wolves' heads erased sa. as many mullets of the field all within a bordure engraikd erminois. Crest : a griffin statant arg. holding in the beak a mullet sa. .•• 100

XXIII HENRY CLIVE of Broomhill, Tunstall, and Moor House, Biddulph (1810-1865), and his wife ANNE, daughter of Captain Thomas Hancock, and their second son, GEORGE ROYLANCE CLIVE (1844-1875) ..• 102

XXIV The Moor House, Biddulph, in 1857 and in 1890. 104 XXV ENOCH WEDGWOOD of Tunstall and Wolstanton (1813-1879), and JANE, his wife, daughter ot Henry Mattison of Tunstall; DR. CHRISTOPHER SMITH (1821-1905) ; FRANCIS BIDDULPH CLIVE (1857-1919), Clerk in Holy Orders 104 Page Signature of J. Wedgwood, March 5th 1810 (Book­ seller of Tunstall), addressed to Mr. Cole, New- chapel ...... 105 Facing Page XXVI JoHN HENRY CLIVE of Broomhill and Burslem. Mining Engineer (1843-1871), and his wife Charlotte Hannah, daughter of Enoch Wedg­ wood ; CoL. RoBERT CLEMENT CLIVE of Gravenhunger (1846-1930), and Mary Dale, his wife, daughter of Joseph Peake of Stoneyfields ...... I 06

xvii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Facing Page XXVII CoL. RoBERT AND MARY CLIVE'S wedding (1876), including REv. SAMUEL NUNN, Rector of Lawton, Cheshire ; EVELYN ALCOCK (Mrs. Vernon Yonge); STEPHEN CLIVE; Rev. JosEPH WESTBURY (Vicar of Hartshill) ; HELEN CLIVE (Mrs. Leech) ; JOHN PEAKE ; FLORENCIA PEAKE (Mrs.Guy Knight) ; ALFRED MEIGH ; ANNE HEATH of Biddulph Grange ; and JOHN ALCOCK of Porthill ..• .•. .•• 110

XXVIII GRAVENHUNGER, Woore, Shropshire, (from a Photograph by Mr. T. E. Sadl,r)... 112

XXIX The old oak staircase at Gravenhunger, Woore. 114

-Page Arms of CoL. HARRY CLIVE, c.B. o.B.E., of Willoughbridge... .•. 119 Facing Page XXX WILLIAM BoLTO~ CLIVE (1847-1920), of Tunstall, and his wife, KATE MARIA, daughter of Daniel Lawrence of Decorah Town, U.S.A. ; ROBERT and MARY CLIVE on their honeymoon at Windermere in 1876 ; and HERBERT CLIVE (born 1851), fifth son of Henry and Anne Clive, 122

XVlU CHAPTER I.

E begin our brief history of John Henry Clive (1781- W 1853), the founder of the Clive family of North Staffordshire, with the inscription copied into an old book by his daughter-in-law, Mrs. Anne Clive, of Broom Hill, Tunstall, Staffordshire, some years before his death. It is as follows:- John Henry Clive is the only child of an impoverished son of an ancient family. and the builder of his own fortune, amongst the works and mines of North Staffordshire, whence he still obtains a comfortable competency after transferring his chief interest to his son Henry. Genealogy-that vain but pleasing pursuit, to some, vain because most of the people of the present generation could, I believe, prove to be descended from ancient nobility if they had but a registered pedigree. Genealogy traces his ancestry in the female line beyond the Conquest intotheAnglo-Sa.xon race, having amongst other names ofnotethatofLady Godiva. His surname is derived from the Manor and Township of Clive. now Cliffe, in Cheshire, in the time of the first Henry, and probably at the Conquest the property of his progenitors, who in those early ages took surnames from their possessions, which manor went by a female heiress to the University of Cambridge. At the beginning of the present century, at the general armament of the Kingdom to repel the threatened invasion of Bonaparte, he had the honour of commanding a Company of the Forces raised in Stafford­ shire on that occasion-a distinction of which be was ever proud of as being one actively concerned in the struggle of that period. At the foot of the paper there is written (evidently at a later date):- " John Henry Clive was born 29th March, 1781 ; died at Hastings October 24th, 1853, and was interred at Bath cemetery.'' We know nothing more definite concerning his actual parentage than that he is said to have sprung from the same family as Lord Clive of Plassey, and that he was born at Bath. It has, however, always been accepted in the family that the father of John Henry died in a debtor's prison. He was rarely spoken of, and his great-grandchildren did not know his Christian name for certain. This may have been partly because their own father died early in life, and it did not occur to them

I John Henry Clive to ask in their younger days. The father of John Henry Clive, however, is thought to have been Richard Clive, born 1741, probably the fifth son of Richard and Rebecca Clive of Styche, Market Drayton, Shropshire. But I have no proof of it, and this Richard, after being on the staff of one· of his brother Robert's (the first Lord Clive) organisations,1 is said to have gone to Germany, and been killed there in 1763. But Germany in those days was a remote country, and he may not have died so early in life, but come home 2 with his wife. One of the last names in one of the lists of John Henry Clive's collection of Clive names among his many notes in six MS. volumes on the Clive family is : 1764. Richard Cli1.1e, Cornet in Conway's Dragoons. That John Henry Clive was one of the Shropshire family there is little doubt, and the prison episode, and perhaps others, may be the reason for his father having been " forgotten " by his kinsfolk. At any rate, his '\\i.do,v, Mrs. Sarah Clive, ·with her son, John Henry, became estranged from the father's family, and came to friends in North Stafford­ shire, the Heathcotes, of Longton Hall-some twelve miles from Market Drayton, as no help from kinsfolk seemed forth­ coming. A house was found for them at Lane End, now generally known as Longton, in the parish of Stoke-on-Trent, and here John Henry spent his childhood. His mother married secondly, at St. Giles', Newcastle, Staffordshire, 28th May, 1793, Charles Simpson, a partner in the famous firm of potters, Messrs. Turner, Glover & Simpson, late Turner Brothers, potters to the Prince of Wales, but she had no further issue. The marriage bond and affidavit is preserved at Lichfield, and reads as follows: At Newcastle, the 28th :rviay, 1793, before the Revd. John Ferneyhough, Surrogate, Charles Simpson, of the Parish of Stoke, in the County of Stafford, aged twenty-one

1 Vide A. Mervyn Davies' Biography of the great Lord Clive of Plassey, p. 351. 2 The Peerages do not always give the names of all the sons of each generation, especially !n the earlier generations, prior to the family receiving a patent of nobility. Richard Clive of Styche and Rebecca his wife, daughter of Nathaniel Gaskell of Manchester, had issue, besides daughters, at least six sons, viz. :- 1. Nathaniel, born 13th May, 1722, died young. 2. Robert, 1st Lord Clive, K.C.B., etc.• born 29th September, 1725. 3. Richard, born 14th April, 1736, Bur;ed Moreton Say, Shropshire, 17th January, 1739-40. 4. George, born 27th, July, 1738. Buried Moreton Say, Shropshire, 27th January, 1742-3. 5. Richard, born 26th June, 17-tl. 6. William, born 29th August, 1745. (Vide Crisp's Visitation of England and Wales, Burke's Peerage, Moreton Say registers, Clive of Plassey, by Mervyn Davie,, and ex information Rt. Hon. The Earl of Pov,:i: and the Lady Magdalen Herbert.

2 John Henry Clive years and upwards, Gentleman, and Sarah Clive, of the Rectory of Stoke, in the County of Stafford, and Diocese of Lichfield, widow. The signatures of the couple are as follows :-

William Hill an,d Charles Dickin were the witnesses. The Heathcotes, of Longton Hall, the Smiths, of Great Fenton, the Allens, of Fenton Culvert, and the Broades, of Fenton Manor, were the principal landed families of the Parish of Stoke-upon-Trent. At the period of which we are writing, Sir Edensor Heathcote was head of the family living at Longton Hall. He received his Knighthood and was High Sheriff of the County in 1784, and died in 1822. About the same time Jeremiah Smith was head of the family, of Great Fenton (and of Elmhurst, Lichfield), High Sheriff 1762; he married Elizabeth, daughter of John Jervis, of Darlaston, near Stone. Their son, John Smith, of Great Fenton (High Sheriff 1817) married 1801, Elizabeth, daughter of John Turner, the famous potter, of Lane End, and as Charles Simpson was associated with the Turners and bec_ame partner in their manufactory, it was natural that Mrs.·· Sarah Clive should become known to him. Charles Simpson witnessed the will of John Turner on the 14th September, 1785, ,vithJamesCope and James Caldwell, Recorder of Newcastle (of Stoneyfields, Newcastle, and later of Linley Wood). He, Charles Simpson was born in 1754, a little more than four years younger than his wife. He was the third son of Isaac Simpson and Mary, his wife, of Wolstanton, and was baptized there the 23rd June, 1754. Charles Simpson, with his wife, Sarah, and her son, John Henry Clive, removed from Longton to Newfield, Tunstall, in or about 1809, and worked the Potteries at Sandyford, a little north of Tunstall, then vacated by the Cartlich family, the Turner \Vorks being closed.

3 John Henry Clive

Here is a passage from a will he made, 24th August, I824, with codicil, 6th October, r824 : " Charles Simpson, of Newfield, whereas he was indebted to J. H. Clive, of Chell House, for sundry sums, he gives him security in a consignment of china value £300, sent to Rio de Janiero, through Mr. Thomas Clare, merchant, of Liverpool, in 18r5, part of the money having been remitted home, which sum of money is in the Court of Chancery in the County Palatine of Lancaster, the creditors of the said late Thomas Clare having to prove their debts by a decree of the Court dated 23rd March, r8r8, Wm. Shawe being Deputy Registrar of the said office in Preston . . . '' This was settled in 1829 by the Registrar of the Court of Chancery, as will be seen by the letter dated rst August, 1829, from Charles William Clive to his father when the latter was staying in Buxton, Derbyshire, see p. 8. From an invoice book in my possession, I see that John Breeze1 began to supply Charles Simpson in January, I8Io, with material from his mill attached to his potteries at Greenfield, and also ground his (Simpson's) colours for decora­ ting his productions at the Sandyford Pottery (late Cartlich), as Mr. Breeze did for most of the potteries in the Tunstall area, including Admiral Smith Child (Newfield) in 1806, then styled Child & Co., altered to Child & Clive in 1809. In this latter case he supplied ground material, and grinding glaze (described as glass) and colours which were for the most part blue, orange, yellow and brown. Other well-known clients in this invoice book, or sales ledger, include the Exors. of the late William Adams (later, his son, Benjamin Adams), John Davenport, of Longport, the Hendra Co., Stevenson & Bucknall, John & George Rogers, John Wood, of Brownhills ; the names of John Sparrow, of Newcastle and Bishton, and Thomas Kinnersley, of Newcastle-under-Lyme, also occur. Charles Simpson died at Newfield Hall, on the I Ith November, r827, aged 74, 2 when his widow went to live with her son, John Henry Clive, and his second wife, Elizabeth, at their home, Chell House, near Tunstall, in the Parish of Wolstanton. She died there on the 3rd June, 1833, aged 84.

1 I have several sales ledgers and other counting house books, handed down from John Breeze, master potter, of Greenfield, who was my paternal irandmother'1 grandfather, and we still work that pottei-y. 2 The Staffordshire Advertiser reports under Deaths: Charles Simpson, on the I Ith November, 1827, of Newfield, late of Lane End, aged 74. Charles Simpson made his first will at Lane End, 24th March, 1800, leaving all real and personal estate to his beloved wife, Sarah Simpson, her heirs and assigns absolutely.

4 john Henry Clive

The Staffordshire Advertiser of the period had the following notice: "On the 3rd inst., at Chell House, the residence of her son (John Henry Clive), Mrs. Sarah Simpson, aged 84." She was buried by the side of her late husband, Charles Simpson, in the churchyard of St. James', Newchapel (formerly called Thursfield), then a chapel of ease to the Mother Church of Wolstanton, on the 6th June, 1833, when the Rev. William Carter was the Incumbent. There is a raised tombstone to their memory on the north side of N ewchapel Churchyard. The inscription on one side being:- CHARLES SIMPSON DIED NOVEMBER 11th, 1827 AGED 74 YEARS For as in Adam aU die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive.-xv. chap., I. Corinth., 22 verse. and on the reverse :- BELOW LIES THE BODY OF SARAH WIDOW OF CHARLES SIMPSON JUNE 3rd, 1833 AGED 84 YEARS

She died in joyful hope of eternal felicity through Jesus Christ. And she was a woman of good understanding.-In Book of Samuel. John Henry Clive knew his Bible well, and he was careful to choose what he thought to be a suitable text for his mother's gravestone. The second text, which he employed from the Book of Samuel, was from the third verse of the 25th Chapter of the rst Book of Samuel-and I think there was a reason for this text-however, we find from his diary that the Psalms were his favourites. We get the opinion that his mother was a woman of strong character, her opinion having considerable weight not only in her own household but in the neighbourhood. Newchapel Churchyard stands on a hill, and from her grave there are fine views all around, especially the Cheshire side.

5 John Henry Clive

An oil painting of John Henry Clive's mother, Mrs. Sarah Clive (afterwards Simpson) is now in possession of her great­ great-grandson, Col. Harry Clive, C.B., O.B.E., D.L., J.P., of Willoughbridge, l\farket Drayton. It is reproduced here. The present Earl of Powis (Baron Clive, of Plassey, etc.) writes that he considers her portrait very attractive, and that John Henry had an interesting face and was somewhat like her. John Henry Clive was born 29th March, I78r, at Bath, Somersetshire, and was brought by his mother, as we have already said, to North Staffordshire, right in the heart of the pottery district, where he acquired his step-father, Charles Simpson. We can surmise that he was in the first instance apprenticed to his step-father at the famous factory of the Turner Brothers at Longton ; at any rate, Shaw, in his history of the Staffordshire Potteries (r829), pp. -20/1, describes our young friend in a paragraph concerning the Childs, of Newfield, thus:- Newfield (Tunstall) . . . This gentleman is Smith Child, Esq., grandson of Admiral Smith Child, who, during the peace of 1763, erected here a large manufactory, and a very spacious and elegant mansion, having extensive prospects over much of the Potteries. The very valuable mines of coal with which this estate is enriched were increased in value during the minority of its present possessor by a sewer from the low level of the canal being run up under them to drain them most effectively. In fact, the whole of this property was greatly improved by the very judicious management of J. H. Clive, Esq., one of the earliest and most successful introducers of ornamental engraving into the Blue Printing Department of Pottery." That Clive was a clever engraver there is no doubt, not only for pottery printing, but also for book printing. He has left engravings as illustrations for his book upon the Clive family, which was, however, never published. He also dabbled in wood cuts ; one of these, his coat-of­ arms, is mentioned in his diary, and is reproduced facing page 92. We shall have something further to say concerning his activities later. John Henry Clive, generally known as Henry, was married, at the age of twenty-four, at St. Bartholomew, Norton-in-the­ Moors, 30th September, 1805, to Lydia,1 daughter of William and Mary Cash, of Lane End, and step-daughter of William

1 The Staffordshire Advertiser gives a notice of the wedding, September, 1805. "Last Monday, at Norton, John Henry Clive, of Lane End, in the Potteries, to Miss Cash, of that place."

6 PLATE II

MRs. CuvE AFTERWARDS :\IRS. Sn1Pso:s

John Henry Clive

Cotton, of Cotton, in Alton Parish, North Staffordshire, and of Meir Lane, in the Parish of Ca verswall. She was born 6th October, 1784, and baptised at St. John's, Lane End, 10th October following. The Rev. Daniel Turner conducted the marriage, and Richard and Mary Ann Ford, of Ford Green, in Norton Parish, were the witnesses. As the bridegroom was described as of Norton Parish, he must have stayed in Norton for the marriage, very probably with the Fords. Lydia Cash had a brother, Hugh Cash, born 26th December, 1789, baptised at Lane End, 3rd January, 1790 (her elder brother, William, having died young), and sister, Hannah, Mrs. Bolton, whom we shall mention later. John Henry Clive and Lydia (Cash), his first wife, had issue: I. Charles William Clive, born \Vednesday, 23rd December, 1807, baptised St. John's Lane End, 2nd April, 1808. He is named in a deed dated 30th January, 1837, recited in a further deed dated 6th September, 1846, concerning a settlement by his father, John Henry Clive, then living at Bath,1 concerning property at Tunstall in favour of the latter's two daughters (by his second wife) : Elizabeth Roylance Clive and Lucy Clive. Charles William Clive in 1829, and earlier, evidently had some work in Liverpool which expired in April of that year. He haa since been helping his father at Tunstall, and living at Chell House with the family and his father's wards, Thomas and Sarah Cartlich. We give in full a letter from him to his father who was then in Buxton staying with his wife, and Tom and Sarah Cartlich. It will be seen this letter was written when John Henry's mother was living, then eighty years of age :- OFFICE, 1st August, 1829. My Dear Father, In direct opposition to what you desired. I have herewith trans­ mitted the following letter addressed to Mr. Simpson, which Grandma.ma thought advisable for me to open, and from what I can judge of its contents I should think it ought to be attended to imme­ diately, for sometimes delays are dangerous, but at all events I thought it might as well be forwarded to you. There is also another letter which I think is from Mr. Green-and one from Cheadle, from the postmark. Nothing bas particularly transpired since you left. The men staked the greater part of the hay in the meadow yesterday, and I think if it continues fine through th~ day they will be able

1 John Henry Clive was then described as of Bath ; d1e trustees of the deed being Henry Meir, his son-in-law, and Thomas Cartlich, of Chell Lodge (afterwards of Woore).

7 John Henry Clive

to finish the job. I have seen George Wood, who has prevailed upon me to defer settling his account for a week longer, when he says he will positively discharge it without fail. I think I may venture to depend upon him. I shall also call upon the others according to appointment, when I hope to be more successful. I received a letter from my frend, James Hatton, the day you left, to which he has subjoined a statement of my account, as it appears on the face of their ledger for my inspection, and on receiving my reply will remit of .f,25 odd (twenty-five) forthwith. It is quite correct, with the exception of the last item, in which he has been a little too liberal in the allowance of salary, which he has extended to the first of July, and I having left the month of April last. He wishes to be remembered to Mr. and Mrs. Clive. I wrote him yesterday saying I thought you were in want of a little wine, and upon your return he should hear again from me with more particu­ lars. Mr. Boulton had a little business to transact in Norton yesterday, so he came over to Chell to spend the afternoon. I walked with him back as far as Hanley, and got a severe wetting on my return. We had a letter from Henry, desiring to know why we have not written to him, and requesting a letter without any further delay. I purpose writing to him to-morrow. Mr. Child called at the office the other day, and gave me an invitation to spend the afternoon with him sometime next week. He will have a friend staying with him during the races to whom I am personally acquainted, a young broker who once, I believe, paid his addresses to one of the Miss Hattons. Oh I There is a letter for Mamma which Mary has got in her possession. I suppose you are in the very midst of gaiety and splendour. Please tell Mamma, Eliza­ beth and Lucy send their best love with kisses in abundance, together with Mary, Ann and myself, and also my love to Sarah and Tom. Believe me to be, My Dear Father, Your Affectionate and Dutiful Son, C. W. CLIVE. P.S.-I hope Sarah's expectations respecting Buxton and vicinity are fully realised. Perhaps she will favour us with a line to that effect.-C.W.C. The letter which Charles Clive sent to his father is also given in full, as it had to do with a little Chancery suit in connec­ tion with the latter's step-father, Charles Simpson, named on page 4, who died in 1827. LIVERPOOL, 29th July, 1829. Mr. Chas. Simpson, or in his absence Mr. Clive, Newcastle, Staffordshire. Sir, We beg leave to inform you that the Registrar of the Court of Chancery of Lancashire is now prepared to pay the debts due

8 John Henry Clive

from the estate of the late Mr. Thomas Clare. Mr. Charles Simpson is a creditor to the amount of £209 4s. 8d. Mr. Simpson may either authorise us to receive the money on his behalf. to be remitted to him ; or application may be made for the same to the Registrar, William Shaw., Esqre, Preston We are, Your most obedient servants, AVISON & WORTHINGTON. P.S.-£20 is due from Messrs. Kingy & Co., for whom Mr. Clive is accountant. This sum may be deducted from the money now to be paid. The letter was addressed to Newcastle, as that was the post town for the district in those days. Charles William Clive died unmarried at Beaumaris, Anglesea, rst April, r839. His great niece, Florence May Clive, has his violin. 2. Henry Clive, born 30th August, r8ro, baptised St. John's, Lane End, r4th November following, of whom hereafter. 3. Robert Clive, born at Newfield Hall, Tunstall, 26th Nov­ ember, r8r7, baptised St. John's, Lane End, 22nd March, 1818, died 18th May, 1821, aged 3 years and 6 months. buried at St. Margaret's Parish Church, Wolstanton, in the same grave as bis mother. I. Mary, born 5th July, baptised St. John's Lane End, 3rd August, r813, married 21st June r837, at Wolstanton, Henry Meir, of Green Gates, Tunstall., and The Bridestones., Biddulph, a Justice of the Peace for the County of Stafford, eldest son of John Meir, of Tunstall., and had, with a daughter., Elizabeth Lucy (afterwards Mrs. Cotterill Harvey) an only son. Arthur Clive Meir, of Congleton, Cheshire, and later of Wolstanton, Staffordshire. He married Lilla, daughter of Liddel Elliot, of Newcastle­ under-Lyme, estate agent and manager of the Meir Water Works, near Blythe Bridge and had a son, Arthur Clive Meir, born 27th December, 1880, of St. Peter's Port, Guernsey, and two daughters, Violet Mary (Mrs. Fred­ erick Gabbitas), of Beechcroft, Crockerhill, Chichester, Sussex, and Lilla {Daisy), the wife of Lt.-Col. Hugh Barkley Steen, I.~I.S . ., retd . ., of Shepperton-on-Thames. Mary (Mrs. Meir) died on the 10th July, 1851, aged 38, and Henry Meir married secondly 25th November, 1852, at St. James, Newchapel, Susannah, widow of William Ward, of Burslem (by whom she had had issue a son, John Ward, who was brought up with Arthur Clive Meir the elder). William Ward was baptised at St. John's,

9 John Henry Cliv~

Burslem 6th February, 1812, the son of John Ward, Attorney-at-Law, the well-known historian of Stoke-upon­ Trent. John Ward, senior,1 lived then in the Market Square, and later at Furlong House, Burslem. Ward's History of Stoke-upon-Trent is the backbone of the history of the Potteries district, giving, as it does, much valuable information which otherwise might have been lost. Although published in 1843, it was begun much earlier. We print copies of two letters written by \Villiam Ward to his father, the historian, in 1842, at the time of the Chartist Riots which occurred in the neighbourhood, as they did in many other places, especially in the North. John Ward gives full details in his book, pp. 584-589. He tells how the trouble began in the Potteries in July, 1842, ending with the trials of the delinquents in October following. The letters are written from Burslem to Wigginton House, near Tamworth, where his father was visiting. BURSLEM, Thursday, 18th August, 1842. Dear Father, All has remained quiet during the night-a very great crowd of persons were assembled at dusk, though I think more from curiosity than mischief-if the latter had been commenced, however, I have no doubt many of them would have participated in the destruction of property. Many prisoners have been taken, and many more are known. In a small green paper box tied .._vith a purple ribbon in my Mother's possession are £42. I wish you would remit £40 to Mr. Simmons, Secretary to the Birmingham Fire Office, and explain the circumstances of the last few days, or he may think I have neglected the account. I will, if possible, check the account to-day, and remit the balance, which is 4d. or 5d., but all business is here suspended. Shops and banks completely closed. I shall probably have to go to Newcastle to meet Mr. Rose and Mr. Parkes, but have not yet received any message fixing a time for meeting. My love to my Mother and Grandmother, and regards to our Wigginton friends. Yours sincerely, WILLIAM WARD.

1 John Ward wrote the History of the Borough of Stoke-upon-Trent and the Manor of Newcastle, published in 1843. The Borough of Stoke-upon-Trent was the Parliamentary Borough of that date, and was co-extended with the Potteries. Ward was born at Slawston, Leicestershire, on the 22nd June, 1781, and served his articles at Cheadle. He was admitted in the Hilary Term, 1808. He acted as Clerk to the Trustees of the Burslem and Lawton Turn­ pike Trust and also to the Burslem Market Trustees, and there was scarcely a title of land in Burslem and Tunstall that did not pass through his hands. He was an officer in the old Longport Volunteers, and an active member of St. Paul's Church. He married Anne, the daughter of Joseph Rice, of Ashby-de-la-Zouche, in 1810.

IO >tj E M

MARV CUVR [18."il A~:-. C1,1vP: [lXUll 1813] MRS, lllrnRv l\11~1R Mns. \Y1LL1A:11 liE:-.WRJGHT lIARYEY

John Henry Clive

Addressed c/o Mrs. Shaw, Wigginton House, Tamworth. BURSLEM, Sunday morning, 21st August, 1842. Dear Father, I was engaged at Newcastle yesterday morning until long after post time on Mr. Parkes' business, which prevented my writing to you. I have pleasure in being able to inform you that there have been no fresh disturbances, and some of the manufactories were at work yesterday, the shops opened and the market held as usual­ though as you may suppose, there were very few buyers or sellers­ and scarcely any butchers' meat in the shambles .. The excitement amongst the inhabitants of our own town seems wearing away, and, unless rekindled by some further movement in the neighbourhood, will, I trust, shortly subside. We are not, however, without apprehension that the present is but a deceitful calm, intended to bate the suspicions and abate the vigilance of the authorities-so long as we have a well-organised police force backed by the military, there is no cause to apprehend danger. Two hundred prisoners or more have been apprehended on various charges connected with the riots and many of them have been committed for trial, whilst others remain for examination. I sent Bartholemew with Chell to Congleton yesterday to serve the summonses. Samuel shall meet you at Whitmore on Tuesday morning. With love to my Mother and Grandmother, and regards to our other friends at Wigginton. I remain, Yours sincerely, WILLIAM WARD. I have sent Mr. Bradley and my Uncle Joseph a newspaper each. I do not send the Stafford paper to you, as you will no doubt see it at Wigginton. By Susanna, his second wife, Henry Meir had issue a daughter, Susannah, who married Thomas Cartlich, born 22nd December, 1856 (died 2nd November, 1905) of Gravenhunger Hall, Woore, Shropshire, eldest son of Thomas Cartlich, and Jane, his wife, of the Manor House, Woore, concerning whose family some information is given, pp. 27- 39. Thomas Cartlich and Susanna, his wife, had an only child, Thomas, who died suddenly on the cricket field at Woore (unmarried), 9th July, 1910, aged 31. Susanna Cartlich died 22nd September, 1899, aged 44, when her husband went back to live at the Manor with his remaining sister, Beatrice Clive Cartlich and his son Thomas, and Gravenhunger was taken over by Col. Robert Clement Clive, J.P., D.L., and his family, to be mentioned later.

II Jolin Henry Clive

Henry Meir died 24th May, r877, aged 65. and Susanna. his second wife, 30th January, 1872, aged 51. Both buried at Christ Church, Tunstall. 2. Anne, born r6th July, 1815, baptised St. John's, Lane End. 28th August, 1815, married at St. Margaret's, Wolstanton, 2nd February, 1837, 1 William Kenwright Harvey, of Harvey's Bank, Longton, third son of Charles Harvey, 2 of Mear House, Lane End, master potter and banker (living at Longton Hall in 1851), and afterwards of Blythe House,3 Stone, Staffordshire, a Justice of the Peace for the county. Harvey's Bank was ta..ken over by the Birmingham District and Counties Bank in 1866, later called the United Counties, now Barclay's, at the same spot in Stafford Street. Longton. Mrs. Anne Harvey in her widowhood (for her husband died 29th November, 1892, at 2, Rue de la Grenade, Geneva, aged 78) lived for part of the year with her nephew, Robert Clement Clive, and his family, then living at Hartshill, Stoke-upon-Trent, just below Trinity Church, the remain­ ing part with her niece, Mrs. Cotterill Harvey (daughter of her sister Mary, Mrs. Henry Meir) at Bournemouth. Mrs. Anne Harvey was a very intellectual and entertaining old lady. She said that her father would seldom talk of his father, but say in reply to enquiries : " You belong to the best in the land, but it does no one any good to know it. Each of us must make their own way in this world." However, when a son was born into the family, the idea of having it christened Richard - presumably after John Henry's father-would always be brought up, but never materialised. She had many reminiscences, she told that

1 At Wolstanton, on Wednesday last, William Kenwright Harvey, third son of Charles Harvey, of Mear House, Lane End, to Anne, second daughter of J. Clive, Esq., of Chell House.­ Staffordshire Advertiser, 4th February, 1837. 2 Charles Harvey, in 1804, was ensign in the Lane End Volunteer Infantry, under Capt. Richard Edensor Heathcote. 3 The Harvey family were bankers and masters potters, at Lane End, now for a hundred years and more popularly known as Longton, and the name of Lane End forgotten (originally there were two townships, or liberties, tradition says that Lane End had its name in early times from a few houses at the end of Meare Lane, which runs into Longton). Charles Harvey was one of the original trustees for the re-building of St. John's, Longton, In 1792. There is a tablet to his memory in the Lady Chapel there : UNDERNEATH LIE THE REMAINS OF CHARLES HARVEY, ESQUIRE OF BLYTHE HOUSE, STONE BORN 3rd JULY, ln9 DIED 29th JUNE, 1860

I2 John Henry Clive

when she and her husband were living in Blurton she remembered a brass band that could only play one tune which often rang in her ears : From Cookshill Green to Carsacum,1 Tum-tar-di-um, Tum-ta-di-um repeated over and over again. Old Mr. Joseph Knight, of Longfield, Hartshill (head of the well-known firm of solicitors of Newcastle-under­ Lyme-late Sparrow) used to say that " I would rather sit by Mrs. Harvey at dinner than any other woman in the county " ; she was full of intelligence and wit. Anne Harvey died at Bournemouth in March, 1899, and was buried in the east cemetery, Wimbome Road, Bourne­ mouth, on the 27th of that month. On the 31st March, 1821, Lydia, wife of John Henry Clive, died at Newfield House (generally described as Newfield Hall), and was buried at the east end of Wolstanton Parish Church­ yard, St. Margaret's, where there is a tomb to her memory and to their son, Robert.2 BENEATH LIE THE MORTAL REMAINS OF LYDIA CLIVE, OF NEWFIELD WHO DIED MARCH 31st, 1821, IN THE 37th YEAR OF HER AGE. HERE LIETH THE BODY OF ROBERT CLIVE, WHO DIED MAY 18th, 1821 AGED 3 YEARS AND 6 J\iIONTHS Three years later John Henry Clive married secondly Elizabeth, the widow of John Roylance, of Newton Manor and Stanthome, near Middlewich, Cheshire. Here is a notice from the Staffordshire Advertiser of March, 1824. On the 24-lh ult. (sic.), at Northwich, ]. H. Clive, Esq., of Newfield House, Tunstall, to Elizabeth, relict of John Roylance, Esq., of Manor Hall, in the County of Chester. The marriage was conducted at SS. Mary and Nicholas, Witton, Northwich, 4th February, 1824, by the Rev. George Okell. She was born in April, 1786, the daughter of William Billington, of Middlewich. She married her first husband, John Roylance, at St. Michael's, Middlewich. 7th January, 1802. William Roylance witnessed the marriage, and signed the register with Mary Oulton. John Roylance

1 Carsacum- Caverswall. 2 The Staffordshire Advertiser has the following notice. On Saturday last, at Newfield House, near Tunstall, in the Potteries, Mrs. Clive, wife of Mr. J. H. Clive, of that place. Wolstanton Parish Register says : Lydia, wife of John Henry Clive, of Newfield, buried April -4th, 1821, aged 36 years. 13 John Henry Clive died 3rd May, r8r2, and is buried at St. Wilfred's Parish Church, Davenham, Cheshire John Henry Clive and Elizabeth (nee Billington) his second wife, had issue. 3. Elizabeth Roylance, born at Chell House, roth December, 1824, baptised St.James' Newchapel,4th January following by the Rev. William Carter. She was evidently a great favourite with her father, and is frequently mentioned in his diary. After her parents' death, she went to live at Bath. She died at 32, Rivers Street, aged 69. unmarried, on the 17th July, 1894, and lies buried with her father and mother in the Abbey Cemetery there. l. Lucy, born 24th June, 1828, baptised St. James, New­ chapel, 9th July following, by the Rev. William Carter. She married in 1859 Dr. Christopher Smith, and they spent most of their married life in Paris ; indeed he was, in his day the only official English doctor in Paris, and doctor to the Opera in particular. They were there at the time of the siege of Paris. Afterwards they lived ·with Mr. H. Heavan at Lundy Island, off the coast of Devon for a number of years. Mr. Heavan owned the Island. However, they left soon after 1883, for l\'Ir. Heavan died in that year. Life on the island must indeed have been a great contrast to Paris, but probably they were in need of quiet and rest. An article, which appeared in the Standard of the 2nd April, gives some idea of what their life must have been. It has been thought. that it ,vas written by Dr. Christopher himself, and as such we reproduce it in full. The Standard, Monday, April 2nd, 1883- The death of the owner of Lundy Island is an event that suggests some strange reflections. Mr. Heavan was the owner of the little Principality which he so long ruled with patriarchal care, and he had an advantage which few sovereigns nowadays possess, of being uncontrolled by Constitution, Cabinet or Parliament. It is true that the owner of Lundy was not what in the old German Empire was called "unmittelbar," but as Clovclly town is a good twe]ve miles of stormy sea from his domain, the Queen's writ was slow in running thus far. For many years past the Government has been anxious to buy the Island, in order, if necessary, to erect fortifications there; but Mr. Heavan, holding that it was better to be the first man in Lundy than the second in Britain, stoutly refused to part with his rocky heritage. Lundy Island is one of the portions of what may be called unexplored Britain, over which the historian and naturalist might linger longer than its 1824] ELIZABETH ROYLANCE CLIVE (1804 1828) Lucv (CLivEl (1002 (MRS, CHRISTOPHER SMITH)

John Henry Clive diminutive area would appear to justify. Every voyager who has passed up or down the Bristol Channel knows its wild cliffs, noisy with sea fowl, rendered famous by the picturesque passage in which Charles Kingsley has celebrated them. Every year hundreds of vessels take shelter under these granite ramparts, and the steeple of St. Mary's Redcliffe is not more familiar to the mariners who hail from the Port of Bristol than is the " Constable " of "Old Lundy." Sailors refer to the Isle in terms of affection just as yachtsmen and home-sick Indians speak of " the Dear Old Rock,,, and, perhaps, for the same reason. It is the last bit of British soil they may see for long months or years, and on their return its grey crags and flashing light are the first tangible evidence of their native land being once more in view. Yet in itself the Island is as prosaic a spot as can well be imagined. It has the ruins of a sea king's stronghold, a Pharos built on the site of St. Anne's Chapel, a mansion-house, some granite quarries, and a few dairy farms. With the off-lying "Slut" it comprises about two thousand acres, and in all it is only three miles long by one broad. Butter, gannets and granite are its chief products, and, though a few sheep, goats, horses and cattle graze the herbage of its narrow valleys, big blocks of stone form its main export to the outer world. Lundy is not a hospitable spot, for, apart from the difficulty of reaching it except in open boats, or in the stone­ bearing barges, the shores are rocky and precipitous, guarded by numerous treacherous reefs, and the solitary landing-place is surrounded by jagged points which make strangers wary of approaching it even when the sea is smooth and the wind fair. The Lundyites are therefore not much troubled with visitors, for, though the quarrymen come and go, most of them are natives, and so attached to the Island that, unless for a ruri to Clovelly or Barnstaple, they rarely care to leave their lonely home. Like most islanders, they are a little suspicious of " foreigners " from Gloucester and Glamorgan, who are ignorant of mining and have the misfortune not to be Devon folk. The soil is not more than sufficient for those who find a livelihood on it, and Island politics have always tended to teach the lesson that stray men from the mainland must be regarded as boding no good to the honest citizens of Lundy. Among other traditions confirmatory of this maxim is the curious story of how in the reign of William and Mary a ship flying Dutch colours landed a party of men, ostensibly for the purpose of burying one of their comrades in consecrated ground. In reality they were Frenchmen, and the coffin contained weapons with which the marauders armed themselves in the church after requesting the Islanders to leave them alone to their funeral rites. Then, issuing forth, they desolated the little farms, hamstringing the horses and bullocks, flinging the sheep and goats over the cliffs, and stripping the inhabitants of the very clothes they wore. The inhabitants of Lundy are, therefore, wary of any­ body seeking their hospitality, and manage to get along very well without newspapers and telegrams, But they are in possession of a certain local folk lore which would repay the investigations of the industrious collector of such vanishing fragments of popular rustory. On dark nights they see the spectre ship of Porth­ currie-a black, square-rigged, single-masted vessel-which at John Henry Clive

particular seasons passes steadily through the breakers, glides over the sands, ascends the valley, and steers away across the heath for some inland village of Devon or Cornwall, finally vanishing into thin vapour. No crew is ever seen, and no sound is ever heard; but when the ghostly craft appears it is a ship of ill omen, and no one prospers who has ever looked on itc; black sails. Druidical myths and weird legends of pixies and tin-mine demons come with the miners from the mainland, where every " porth " and point, every rock and moor is associated with some such tale. Then there are the Island chronicles, which in Lundy versions lose nothing of their grandeur. Long before Mr. Heavan became its liege lord, it knew masters, for at an early date a certain Morisco, having conspired against the life of Henry III., fled hither, built the old castle, now crumbling into dust, turned pirate, and took toll of the vessels bearing French wine and Flemish wool to the fat towns along the Bristol Channel. To the naturalist, also, Lundy is peculiarly interesting. It is rarely that Islands possess any features distinguishing them from the nearest land-mass, of which, from a physical point of view, they are simply detached pieces. Lundy is, however, different. By some geologists, whose poetical instincts are more vivid than their scientific consciousness, Scilly, St. Michael's and Lundy are regarded as the last surviving relics of that drowned "land of Lyonesse" so famous in the Arthurian legends. The disappearance of such a tract is, however, impossible ; and, in any case, Lundy must have been separated from the main land of Devon for an incalculable period, since it presents some of the features of an oceanic Island. In other words, owing to its prolonged isolation under special conditions, and, as Mr. Wallace puts it, "immunity from enemies or competing forms," several peculiar species of plants and insects are found here. Two weevils known to inhabit no other spot on earth give the Island an honoured place in the works of entomologists. At one time it was doubted whether a beetle-the Dromius vectensis-was really peculiar to the Isle of Wight; but since it has been ascertained that a species of cuckoo­ pint, a calamintha or basil, and.perhaps, one or two other plants, grow nowhere else in the British Isles, it is admitted that this assertion comes within the range of probabilities. Lundy has also Devonian rocks containing fossils, so that an earnest geologist might pass a holiday here with some profit to Science, and on one of its off-lying skerries still lingers the black long-tailed English rat, almost exterminated everywhere else by his sturdier brown cousin of the Hanoverian stock. Every winter, myriads of seabirds clamour on its cliffs, and in the spring and autumn migrants rest here in great flocks after their long flights to or from their southern haunts. This isolated spot is, like so many others of a similar character, not less interesting to the student of human nature than to the mere naturalist. The sociologist would find it interesting to watch the modes of thought, the ideas and associa­ tions which move people whose existence is spent so far from the busy world, yet past whose home thousands of vessels from every part of the globe are every year sailing. Within a few hours' run of the centres of civilisation are many such parts which may be fittingly called unexplored Britain. It is rare, for instance, to I6 John Henry Clive

hear of any one who has set foot on St. Kilda, and Foula, which for four months this winter was unreachable either from Orkney or Shetland. Although abounding in antiquarian and ethnological interest, the Island is to the majority of the tourists who travel over land and sea in search of novelty as unknown as the Frisian Halligs, those strange inhabited mounds in the sea, within an hours' sail of the Holstein Coast. In 1897, the Christopher Smiths were living in London, at 164, Blackfriars Road, S.E. He eventually retired, and they went to live at Bath (1, Bennett Street), and had a house in Wales, Bryn Celyn, near Pwllheli, Carnarvonshire, mostly used as a shooting box. Christopher Smith was born in 1821, M.D. of the University of Brussels (1862). Hilda (Mrs. Horace Clive) remembers that when the old couple used to come and stay with her parents, Col. and Mrs. Robert Clive, at Gravenhunger, Woore, at the same time as their old friend, Mrs. Samuda (widow of Jonathan Samuda-secretary for many years of the North Stafford­ shire Railway) of Hartshill, he, "great uncle Christo­ pher," who was then very deaf, would say : " She is a very stooped1 woman," and she would say:" What a very disagreeable man your uncle is" ; as a matter of fact, they were both very deaf, but did not wish to own it. He also spoke English like a Frenchman. Lucy, Mrs. Christopher Smith, died on the 25th February., 1902, without issue, and was buried in the Clive burying ground in the graveyard attached to the Abbey Church, Bath, the freehold of the Rectors. From the inscriptions it ,vill be seen that Dr. Christopher Smith died 24th November, 1905, aged 84. He had bought an annuity with all his rrioney the year of his death. John Henry Clive came from Lane End to Tunstall at least two years before Smith Child (born 1730), Admiral of the Blue of Newfield,2 died there in 1813:~ ; and probably a few years earlier.

1 Stupid. 2 Newfield was rebuilt by the Baddeley.family about 1720. It came to Admiral Child from Thomas Baddeley, of Newfield, his maternal uncle, for the Admiral's father-Smith Child, of Miles Green, Audley-had married Thomas Baddeley's sister Mary. They were son and daughter of Rand le Baddeley, of Newfield, and Elizabeth (Machin of Botteslow), his wife. The Baddeleys had owned Newfield for some 400 years. A portrait of the Admiral in full regimen­ tals appears in my book Wolstanton, p. I02. 3 Buried in the same grave as his parents and wife in Wolstanton Churchyard, west side of the old Church Tower. 17 John Henry Clive

Margaret (daughter of Thomas Roylance, of Town House, Audley,) the Admiral's widow, lived on until the 15th January, 1826 (aged 83). We can imagine her arranging the marriage of her kinswoman, Mrs. John Roylance, with her friend, John Henry Clive, a widower of some three years standing, a few years before she died. Margaret (Roylance) was the Admiral's cousin as well as wife, and one of their younger sons was christened Roylance as were others of a later generation. There was a pottery at Newfield in addition to the colliery near by. The pottery had been started by the Admiral in 1763, and worked for some twenty years, but had been since let to William Adams, the famous potter, to work with his own factory of Greengates when Child was on service. Adams died in 1805. After the death of the Admiral, his widow ,vent to live at Newcastle, 1 with probably her daughter-in-law, Elizabeth (Parsons), widow of John George Child (the Admiral's eldest son) who had died in r81r, aged 44. She also lived for a time at Hales Hall, Cheadle. John George Child was the father of Smith Child, born 1808, (afterwards Sir Smith Child, 1st Bart., of Newfield and Stallington),2 and it was during his minority that Clive managed the Newfield estate, and ran the Clanway Colliery and Newfield Pottery. The Staffordshire Advertiser of 5th July, 1805, refers to the Newfield Pottery, late in the occupation of William Adams, deceased, as being to let. We have already said that Adams died in r805, and it was soon after that the Admiral decided to work the 1\1:anufactory on his own account again, taking John Henry Clive as his partner, under the name of Child & Clive. J\{essrs. Child & Clive were assessed in 1811 at £6 5s. for their share in a long list of manufacturers who defrayed the cost of a presentation to Josiah Spode and James Caldwell for their services in opposing a proposed tax on manufacturers. The name of the firm also occurs in Parson & Bradshaw's Directory of 1818. Some years later the pottery was let to Joseph Heath & Co., vide White's Directory of 1834, and Podmore, Walker & Co. I have occasionally come across specimens of pottery made by Child & Clive ; there is a sauce tureen in Hanley Museum of good quality cream ware, with hand-painted border. I Directory, 1815, Parson & Bradshaw, states : Child, Margaret, gentlewoman, Lower Street, Newcastle. 2 Named in Clive's Diary. 18 PLATE V

..-=1N-E WFIELD NEAR. TUNSTALL STAFFORDSHl~E

John Henry Clive

John Henry Clive was one of the twelve manufacturers on the special Committee, formed in 1812, to bring before the Master Potters the necessity of signing a Petition to be addressed to the Prince Regent, pointing out the distress to the Trade through certain Orders in Council affecting their business with America; thirty manufacturers having had to close down in consequence. The Petition was signed by ninety­ three manufacturers out of one hundred and fourteen firms (of which Josiah Wedgwood headed the list), and seven thousand other inhabitants interested in the welfare of the Potteries.

The twelve manufacturers who formed this Committee were J. H. Sheridan, · Richard Hicks, Joseph Machin, Hugh Henshall Williamson, Ralph Stevenson, Charles Harvey, jun., John Daniel, Thomas Minton, John Ridgway, John Henry Clive and Jesse Breeze.

Smith Child sold the greater part of Newfield in 1858 to William Adams, of Greenfield, near Tunstall (born 1797), and the pottery to his son, again another William Adams (born 1833) in 1862, and it is still held by that family except the pottery.

Clive came to live at Newfield Hall soon after the death of the Admiral, probably from 1813 to 1824, for it was after Clive's marriage with Mrs. Elizabeth Roylance in 1824, that he moved to Chell House, near Tunstall, and his elder daughter, by this marriage, namely Elizabeth Roylance, was born there in 1825. Before the death of his second wife, Elizabeth, in 1844, he had removed to Bathwick Hill, Bath, living part of the year at Clanway House, 1 where he was at the time of the 1851 census, living with his two remaining unmarried daughters, Elizabeth Roylance and Lucy ; and with a gardener and two maids. The 1851 census states that John Henry Clive was born at Bath, 2 that fashionable town so much frequented by the Clive family (of Styche) in the second half of the eighteenth century.

1 Clanway House is described in White's Directory of 185 I as In Golden hill ; it stood on the south side of Newfield Pottery. 2 According to the Census return given in by John Henry Clive himself in 1851, the place of birth is given as Bath (or Bristol). There is just the possibility, therefore, that he may have been born at Bristol, but no record can be found in the registers that are available. The registers of two churches have unfortunately been burnt, S. Peter's and St. Mary-le­ Port. 19 John Henry Clive

Smith Child was himself at Newfield in 1834, and for some few years later, indeed my father who was born in 1833 remem­ bered him living at Newfield before going to Rownall Hall, near Wetley Rocks, and eventually to his wife's property at Stallington. He used to walk with my grandfather after Church on Sundays to Greenfield, my grandfather's home-when on one occasion my father unintentionally dropped a prayer book or Bible that he was carrying, and received a longish lecture from Mr. Child on the subject of dropping sacred books.

Our picture of Newfield is etched for the author by Reginald G. Haggar, A.R.C.A., F.R.S.A., N.R.D., from an old plan of the house, much out of drawing, corrected by a view of the house as it actually stands to-day, for the house has not been altered, but it is much decayed and will soon be razed to the ground to make way for new houses similar to the other new houses standing near by. A tiny view of the house is shown in a picture of Christ Church, Tunstall, engraved about 1832, for Ward's History of Stoke-upon-Trent.

It is much the same architecturally as two other good Georgian houses in the immediate district, Brownhills, the home of the Wood family-whose descendants have now left the county except lv1ajor Charles Edmund \Vedgwood Wood, of Bishton Hall, near Stafford-and Greenfield, but the last named had two detached side wings. An engraving of that house was published by John Stockdale, Piccadilly, London, W., and appeared in Aikin's Forty Miles Round Manchester, 1795. The chief property of the Roylance family at the end of the eighteenth century appears to have been Ne·wton l\1anor, in Middlewich, otherwise called Manor Hall, although there were other properties, notably Stanthorne, in the Parish of Davenham, which lies behveen Northwich and Middlewich, and there was property at Winsford. John Roylance made his will 11th October, r805, proved Chester, 20th April, 1814, in favour of William Court (the residuary legatee), for having no issue by his wife, Elizabeth (Billington), he left her an annuity for life, in addition to her marriage settlement.

In Ormerod's History of Cheshire, Vol. III.; p. 244; there is mention of a monument attached to the outside of the east end of the south aisle of N orthwich Church.

20 PLATE VI

NEWTON MANOR, CHESHIRE, APRIL 27, 1823 ~ "r~.,, J,.",,:.· -~" Ji~iiN >-»~\~. ~t:i}t"·;' ,· --~ \, .. .•. , . -~ ~:.•:-. :-;/;J ::,·.~-ii,: . . . ~.:-~ .... ·.-~)~~~

------:--DUKE'S DRIVE,______BUXTON, AUGUST 2, ,,_, 1829 ___ ·------,..•~<_.-, ·~ ! .~.,··~ ;·~· .. ···.·1 ·- .... • ·- . .. .. -.. '· ·.. -. . ;~~·-- ~---· - -.- ·- . :~ ... ~. •. . .. __. ~~-:.:- ..

a, ,I', (r, f (If./ ~(/'!>..

..

. _: •'·- __ ~ . . . _:__~ -~- .. , -~-~>~~·_:;__;_;:.

EACK VIEW OF CHELL HOUSE, 1:) Ju:-.E, 18:3:3

(DRAWN BY ]OHN HENRY CLIVE)

John Henry Clive

JOHN ROYLANCE,1 ESQ. LATE OF NEWTON MANOR HOUSE WHO DIED ON THE 3rd DAY OF MAY, 1812 AGED 67 YEARS The probate of the will above quoted also states that John Roylance, husband of Elizabeth, died 3rd 1iay, 1812. Until recently the Roylance Courts family have dwelt at the Manor House, but the property was sold some few years after the death of the widow of lVIajor William Roylance Court, J.P., M.F.H. (Cheshire Foxhounds), namely in 1933. John Henry Clive took a good deal of interest in the Church he and his family attended, St. James, Thursfield ( alias Newchapel); his two daughters, Elizabeth Roylance and Lucy, were both baptised, and his mother and step-father were buried there. The Church was a Chapel-of-Ease to the Mother Church of W olstanton. He was instrumental in the renovation of St. James in 1827. The following is a note under Wolstanton in the Gentleman's Magazine, 1833, Part I., pp. 511, 512. "The chapel is a very plain structure of brick built [re-built] in the year 1767, and lately re-roofed with blue tiles from the noted manufacture at Tunstall, a town about two miles off (now forming part of the new borough of Stoke-on-Trent.) There is a large porch at the west end, in which are the vestry room and gallery staircase, surmounted by a small cupola or bell tower containing one bell. On the upper string course or cornice of this belfry is engraven : John Lawton, Incumbent. William Carter, Curate, 1827. John Henry Clive, George Goodwin, Wardens. The date being the year in which the cupola was built, and the roof was fresh covered.'' John Henry Clive is named in the will of his first wife's step-father, William Cotton, late of Cotton, in Alton Parish, and Lane End. William Cotton leaves monies to each of Clive's four children, by his late wife, Lydia Clive, and also to Hugh Cash (son of William Cash), his step-son. He also puts into the hands of John Henry Clive and Joseph Bolton, of Lane End, certain monies in trust for his grandson, James Wood, son of his daughter Sarah, wife of Thomas Wood, subject to James

l Ormerod gives the name as James ; this is certainly a clerical error for John. There is no sign of this tablet at Northwich now, but there is a stone tablet in the south wall of the Hayhurst Memorial Chapel of St. Wilfred, Daven ham, to the memory of John Roylance, Esq., late of Newton Manor Hall, who died on the 3rd May, 1812, aged 67. Also Elizabeth, wife of William Court,Esq., of Manor Hall, died 23rd March, 1818, aged 31 years, and to other members of the Court family. Perhaps this is the same stone that was at Northwich, unless, of course, Ormerod made another mistake, and he meant to say that the tablet was at Davenham, instead of Northwich. If it is the same tablet, the additions to the memory of the Court family would have been added later. The Roylance Family is also commemorated by an armorial tablet in Audley Church.

21 John Henry Clive

Wood signing a release of the share he might be entitled under the will of William Sutton, of Alton (Alveton), gent., bearing date 2nd May, 1788, and to certain estates in Great Yate and elsewhere in the Parish of Checkley, Staffordshire. William Cotton made his will 6th September, 1833, when living at Mear Lane, in the Parish of Caverswall. It was proved at Lichfield, 25th April, 1834. William Cotton was baptised 19th May, 1754 (the eldest son of Edward Cotton, of Cotwalton, in Stone Parish, and Ann, his wife, daughter of William Adams, of Bucknall Hall). He married Mary, widow of William Cash, of Lane End, and had a daughter, Sarah, who married at Stoke, 4th November, 1816, Thomas Wood. William Cotton died 22nd November, 1833, aged 80. He was buried at St. John's, Lane End. Joseph Bolton named above married Hannah Cash (sister to Mrs. Lydia Clive) at Bucknall on the 10th December, 1810. She was born 3rd June, 1792. Col. Robert Clement Clive, of Gravenhunger, had a Sheffield plate coffee pot that had belonged to the Boltons. Joseph Bolton died 15th August, 1869, aged 84, and Hannah, his wife, rst July, 1872, aged 80. Both were buried at Dresden, near Longton. Ward, in his History of the Borough of Stoke-upon-Trent, pp. 93/4, says that in 1816 the principal inhabitants of Tunstall were anxious " to promote general good order and tran­ quillity, and stop the encrease of drunkenness and disorder" in the rising town of Tunstall, and it was resolved to obtain the assistance of a Police officer with a salary, and to have a principal inhabitant appointed Chief Constable, a lock-up for the security of offenders, with a proper place for a fire engine. Ward goes on to say that "the first Chief Constable to be appointed was John Henry Clive, Esq. (now of Chell), whose warrant is dated March zrst, 1816. To this gentleman's exertions are chiefly owing the plan and erection of a building for public purposes, and the laying-out of a Market Place, and establishing a Market ; in order to which, he promoted a subscription, in shares of £25, among the inhabitants, and owners of property, who entered into an agreement with Walter Sneyd, Esq., the then Lord of the Manor, for the purchase of a piece of land, called the Stony Croft, and erecting thereon a Town Hall or Court House combined with other objects of utility, which was immediately begun upon and

22 f·· i' i

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STAFFORDSHJRJ<; VoLUNTt-FR C,,VAI.RV Vor.uNTi-:llR IN FANTRV OF1-·1cKR 1808 01<'FICKR 1 i98 (hy permission of Simpkin, Marshall & Co.)

John Henry Clive . formed the germ of the new Town, which has since sprung up around it." The market of Tunstall was legalised and regulated by an Act of Parliament in 1840, which vested the property of the market in Ralph Sneyd, Esq., Hugh Henshall Williamson, Esq., and John Henry Clive, Esq., and thirteen other Trustees representing the original subscribers to the building. We have already said that on the renewal of the War with France in 1803, when more vigorous preparations for the long­ intended invasion of England were made by Napoleon, an Act of Parliament was passed enabling His Majesty King George III. to call out all men fit to bear arms; however, the spontaneous zeal of the people anticipated such measures, and all compulsory levies ·were found to be unnecessary, by an array throughout the country of more than a half-a-million of loyal volunteers (Ward). In the several parts of the Borough of Stoke-upon-Trent district corps of Infantry put themselves under training, and were accepted by the Government. There were the Longport Volunteers, which included Burslem and Tunstall levies, consisting of four companies of eighty rank and file each. The Hanley and Shelton volunteers mustered six companies. The Stoke, Penkhull and Fenton volunteers formed a corps of four companies, and the Lane End another corps of four companies-a local force, including officers and subalterns, of more than 1,400 men. John Henry Clive commanded one of these companies. In every city, borough, town and village, there was tremendous enthusiasm to get the Volunteers going well, the chief trouble being the shortage of efficient Officers and equipment: all this is well explained in the pages of Mr. Arthur Bryant's book, Years of Victory, 18or-1812, published by Collins in 1944. J. H. Clive's daughter, Mrs. Anne Harvey, handed down the reminiscence from her father that when he was drilling his volunteer company in those early days, his men could not distinguish between their right and left, so hay was tied round one foot, and straw round the other, and the order given," Hay about turn," and" Straw about turn," had much better effect. John Henry Clive was certainly of an inventive turn of mind, and beside his work on engravings for pottery, his management of the pottery works at Newfield and collieries at Clanway, under the name of Child & Clive, which took up

23 john Henry Ctive much of his time, he engraved for books. There was also his pioneer work on shorthand. The first edition of his book was 1 published to the world in 1810 • In 1813 another edition was published in London by B. & R. Crosby & Company, and further editions by Baldwin, Cradock & Joy, described as second edition, and a third edition by the same publishers in r821. To-day the best-known shorthand is Pitman's, which was introduced to the public in 1837, by Isaac Pitman, born in 1813, and popularised by his firm. Pitman had been a master of a school at Barton-on-Humber, Lincolnshire, and he established and conducted a school at Bath. He is said to have first learned the shorthand system from Samuel Taylor. While at Bath he is almost certain to have come in contact with Clive, who from the late '3o's began to live at Bath for at least part of the year. Samuel Taylor introduced his system in 1786, and there is no doubt that it was a very important one. But there were many other systems, and the first used in England appears to be L1. 1602, when The Art of Stenography, or Short Writing By Spelling Characterie, invented by John Willis, Bachelor of Divinitie, appeared. Clive, however, seems to have followed up Mavor's system published in 1780 : Universal Stenograph ; or a .1Vew Complete System of Short Writing, by William l\1avor, LL.D. We gather this from the beginning of the introduction of Clive's r830 edition, which is as follows:- " INTRODUCTION. " ' From the beginning I was resolved, and thought upon these things, and have left them in writing.'-Ecclesiasticus 39 c.• 32 v. "Twenty years ago, when the first attempt at this method of Shorthand was published, under the title of ' M avor Abbreviated,' the author entered into various comparative remarks to prove the advan­ tages of his system over others, and vindicate his claims to public favour. Most of these remarks he has now withdrawn, his little work has stood the test of public opinion-has been scrutinised, applauded and copied by other writers2-time and practice have suggested to him various

I There is a copy of this first edition, Mavor Abbreviated, by J. H. Clive (Newcastle­ under-Lyme) at the British Museum, as well as the third edition of 1821, and the fifth edition, Linear System of Shorthand, Newcastle-under-Lyme, 1830, and another edition published in London in the same year. A copy of the 1830 edition is in the Charles Currier Beale Collection (a famous collector, of New York, U.S.A.). 2 A lately puffed off republication of an old system, good in its day, and designated by a well-qualified judge as 'neither possessing peculiar excellence, nor totally free from the errors and imperfections of its predecessors, and more to be admired for its neatness and elegance, than for its usefulness and ingenuity,' contains, as an addit;ion, six pages, out of the whole thirty pages of instruction, taken, without acnowledgement from this work. .J.., O~D 01'\; ~er/f7~•f!1":~.. ~ Ce. _i,.-ve Mana-lAti-f .18Jt~ .Price Ts. :h-~·.

John Henry Clive advantageous alterations, which he has embodied in the present edition, and now sends it forth as an independent system, really revised and improved, to take its place amongst the standard treatises on the Stenographic Art. " The experience of several centuries has shown that in Short Writing, as in travelling, the shortest way is frequently not the best; the plainest and fairest conditioned road is the most eligible for the traveller to pursue, and the one that brings him with the least toil, and often in the least time, to the end of bis journey. "The more early Shorthand Writers perplexed the memory with compound characters, and loaded it with redundant symbolical signs ; the best of the later authors seem to have aimed at little more than simplifying the former and lessening the number of the latter ; pruning has succeeded to planting, until there now appears almost nothing to be spared : the simplest character requires no illustration, and admits of no curtailment and until some altogether new method of registering sounds by signs be discovered, all assumed improvements of the prevailing modes of Short Writing must be doubted of, and rigidly examined,. to see if they are not rather additional burthens to the clear memory or fresh fetters to the ready hand. "On account of those who have already learned his system, the author regrets the necessity he felt himself under of changing anything. The difficulties of reading Stenography have always been much greater than those of writing it, and therefore simplicity and distinctness are, next to brevity, made the leading features of this improved system, and where these could be effected by alterations he has made them. "To the Professor of Stenography, who bestowed upon an early edition of this work, the spontaneous praise of 'skill, elegance and ingenuity,' the author returns his thanks: Mr. Lewis' History of Short­ hand is well worthy the attention of those who wish to know all of an art that can be known, his work is written in the true style of an ardent lover of his subject, and must have been the result of acute and diligent search ; his remarks on various authors seem dictated by sound, unbiassed judgment, except where his scrutiny has been too superficial, and except perhaps his judgment of his own system, which, though ranking amongst the best, seems to the writer of this, to have no peculiar title to 'ne plus ultra' distinction. "I will say a few words on the construction of this Linear System. " In the early editions of this little work I had not sufficiently attended to the genius and construction of the English tongue, but had been content to copy from others that to which I did not then see any objection : for instance, I assigned a character to the preposition tem-pt, whilst the language does not furnish -six words with such a begin­ ning. . . ." Illustration Plate VIII gives a reproduction of the title page of Clive's 1830 edition, bound in leather (the book was printed by John Bayley, Stationer, Newcastle-under-Lyme).

Plate X gives Clive's system brought up to 1830. John Henry Clive

There are ten engraved plates altogether. We cannot reproduce all, and to those who wish to fallow his system we suggest that they read the book at the British Museum. l\fessrs. Pitmans have Clive's editions at their Library in London, and there must be many other copies in existence, besides the copies belonging to the present Clive family. We have selected other plates for reproduction. Plate IX is a reproduction of Clive's shorthand of the fellowing letter (the application of which might well be seen in Clive himself). Here is the translation (No. 39). No. 40 on the same page being the 1st Psalm. Plate 11th. No. 39, is a LETTER AGAINST WASTE OF TIME Converse often with yourself, and neither lavish your time. nor suffer others to rob you of it. Many of our hours are stolen from us, and others pass insensibly away; but of both these losses, the most shameful is that which happens through our own neglect. If we take the trouble to observe, we shall find, that one considerable part of our life is spent in doing evil, and the other in doing nothing, or in doing what we should not do. We do not seem to know the value of time, nor how precious a day is; nor do we consider, that every moment brings us nearer our end. Reflect upon this, I entreat you, and keep a strict account of time. Procrastination is the most dangerous thing in life. Nothing is properly ours but the instant we breathe in, and all the rest is nothing; it is the only good we possess, but then it is fleeting, and the first-comer robs us of it. Men are so weak, that they think they oblige by giving of trifles, and yet reckon that time as nothing, for which the most grateful person in the world can never make amends. Let us, therefore, consider time as the most valuable of all things ; and every moment spent without some improvement in virtue, or some advancement in goodness, ·as the greatest sublunary loss. A very interesting history of Shorthand has been written by Sir Isaac Pitman, printed by Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, Ltd., of London, Bath, New York and Melbourne. In the appendix are given the different shorthand alphabets, systems which came out in England since 1602. Sir Isaac Pitman was Knighted in 1894. Other present-day popular systems are Gregg, 1888, and Dutton, 1916. The following occurs concerning Clive in Sir Isaac Pitman's book, page 80.

"1810. Clive. 'Mavor Abbreviated by the Application of a new principle to his system of Universal Stenography; an entirely new and completed book of shorthand, perfectly legible, distinct in its parts, PLATE IX

Plt .ll 0

39 ALtr.

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PLATE 11 OF CLivE's SHORTH.A~l> BooK

J okn Henry Clive and adapted to every purpose of neat and expeditious writing. By J. H. Clive.' In adopting Mavor's alphabet, the author first rejects from it the letters formed with loops and hooks, and substitutes simple strokes that already represent letters in his alphabet ; but, for the sake of distinction, he writes them below the line. As a necessary conse­ quence, words are frequently carried to an inconvenient depth, but, to compensate this defect, he has an alphabet of simple characters, and the system is much briefer than Mavor's; but it is questionable if the aerial motions of the pen in travelling over so much extra paper, do not counterbalance this advantage. The book displays literary talent, a quality rarely met with in shorthand performances. Some of the system which Clive introduced is used to-day, but different modifications of shorthand are continually being introduced as time goes on. Probably the more profitable part of his activities was his interest in collieries·. The Clanway Collieries, which belonged to the Childs, and some small part to the Sneyds, of Keele, were worked by Child & Clive, and afterwards by the Clive family alone, and some time later in partnership with Mr. James Myott, a relation by marriage of Mr. Henry Clive, until 1900. The colliery is referred to in John Henry Clive's Diary of 1853 (see pp. 91-98). In it, mention is made of the " drainage scheme " which was wanted by so many people who worked collieries in North Staffordshire, including the writer's father, and grandfather, William Adams, of Greenfield, born 1798, who had bought the greater part of Newfield in 1858, as already stated, and it is not surprising that Clive should have approached their friend, Smith Child, M.P., to further the Bill then before Parlia­ ment. Whether Child was tepid about it, or whether some opposed it, we are not sure, but the scheme never materialised as it did in the south of the county. Clanway adjoined the Greenfield estate on one side and part of Newfield on the other. In 1816 John Henry Clive was made executor of the will of his friend, Thomas Cartlich, of Sandyford, Goldenhill, who died in 1815, and guardian of the two children. These two children were Thomas, born in 1814, afterwards of Chell, Staffordshire, and Woore Manor, Shropshire; and Sarah, born in 1812, afterwards Mrs. Thomas Llewellyn, whom we shall mention later. Both of these children lived with Mr. and Mrs. Clive and their family, until their respective marriages, first at Newfield Hall, which was some short distance south of the 27 John Henry Clive old home of the Cartlichs, and afterwards at Chell House. Elizabeth, the wife of Thomas Cartlich the elder, died in the year 1818. Previous to the year 1810, the two brothers, Samuel Cartlich and Thomas Cartlich, worked a pottery at Sandyford, Goldenhill, and also a colliery. Samuel Cartlich was buried at the Parish Church of Wolstanton, 20th April, 1810, aged 56. Clive, after the death of Thomas Cartlich, remained in pos­ session of the real estate; he let the pottery1 and worked the colliery until 1831, when he was restrained by injunction and a receiver appointed. The property was thrown into Chancery, and the suit remained in abeyance from 1816-1829, when Clive filed a Bill of revivor against John Acton, who had shortly before been appointed the committee of the estate of John Cartlich, the only son, and heir of Samuel Cartlich. In 1832 the second decree was obtained, no proceedings having been taken under the first. Under the second decree the lviaster of the Rolls found that the partners, Samuel and Thomas, had never kept any accounts, and that the partner­ ship accounts could not be taken. John Cartlich, the son of Samuel, died in 1836, and in 1837 Thomas Gater, one of his next-of-kin, on behalf of himself, and all other next-of-kin (which included John Pointon, Eliza_ beth Clarke, Juliet Miller, descendants of the half brothers and sisters of Samuel Cartlich, the father of John ; Sarah, Mrs. Llewellyn: the descendant of Thomas Cartlich, and John Cole, and other members of the Cole family, descendants of John Cole, brother of Barbara Cartlich, the mother of John Cartlich), 2 revived the suit, making Clive the executor, and the son, Thomas Cartlich the younger, the son of Thomas Cartlich the partner, and his si?ter, defendants. Tho1nas Cartlich the younger (born in 1814) had now become the heir at-law of Sa1nuel, and also of John his son, and the principal question in the suit was whether the freehold estates conveyed to Samuel solely were not purchased with partnership monies, and for

I This pottery, generally called Sandyford Works, was later taken over by James Beech, who amassed a small fortune there. He had previously been employed by William Adams, who died in 1805, at the Greengates Works, and afterwards by his son. Benjamin Adams, until about 1820. James Beech was born in 1770, and died at Spotacre, near Hilderstone, 25th May, 1854, leaving two daughters ; the elder was Anne, wife of Robert Heath, of Biddulph Grange, M.P., J.P., D.L., born 1816 (married 30th November, 1843), and the younger was Mary, wife of Thomas Walker (married 5th February, 1846), of Sandyford. 2 It would appear all these persons eventually received a divisible portion of the estate of John Cartlich.

28 PLATE X

l'he

§_H/QRTJ,.JEL~~D o Plate 1.

ALPKAEE T.

, a .. a..n it a p I I at.· I h C be··by qu here .there \ I -therefore C - r / a.re .or do . so d did .. s .LS. ) ··done ···soo:n e ., and t ·-to f u tli.e. ··.if ·was " y had have gj C ··.been '-- ·:having h '\. ca.n .. coll la w r will. witli ·-wolll.d 1 X ..... christ ... except 'eva,· ··expect ;ther for k 0 often-;- y J but ·-out ··from 1 z / ·--au . m. ('\ me,:-.Jnme &c C ·,·my · no n. .u lll.·· ch ··not ' ol • .<µ wli -

JOHN IDEN JBJf t L ~ o

JOHN HE:SRY CLIVE'S LISE.AR SYSTEM OF SHORTHA:SD PLATE 1 (ALPHABET)

John Henry Clive partnership purposes, and therefore to be considered as personal estate. In 1844 at the recommendation of the Master of the Rolls a compromise was proposed by which it was agreed that the whole of the fund in court which was principally composed of the personal estate of Samuel and which had been invested in personal securities in his own name, and the accumulation and the remainder should be considered as the personal estate of John Cartlich, and that Thomas Cartlich the younger should take the real estates conveyed to Samuel in his own name as heir-at-law of John, subject to Thomas Cartlich, heir-at-law, paying all costs out of the fund in Court, including the wl1ole of the costs of his father as plaintiff since 181r. It should be said that Samuel Cartlich died in 1810 intestate, and it was almost immediately after his brother's death that Thomas Cartlich filed a Chancery Suit for the purpose of taking the partnership accounts, and to have certain freehold estates allotted and divided, and certain large out­ standing mortgages declared to be joint property. A decree was made in 1815 directing the necessary accounts and enquiries. The allegations of the Bill were that the intestate and the plaintiff had for many years carried on a business of earthenware manufacturers and colliery owners, and had made large profits, and that Samuel had almost the entire management of the business, and out of the joint money of the finn allotted out various large sums on mortgage in his own name, and purchased several freehold estates which had been conveyed to him in his own name. After all these years-like so many Chancery proceedings in those days-it must have been a subject of great satisfaction to Clive to have the matter settled in 1844 (confirmed by order of Court, 28th January, 1845). The costs of counsel came to over £2,000, who appear to have been Joseph Tatham, £819; C. Proctor, £1,069; John Hilditch Adams, of Old Jewry Chambers, Lincoln's Inn £581 (nephew of Mrs. Barbara Cartlich-daughter of John Cole-and grandson of William Adams, of Tunstall, the well-known potter), and l\1r. Joseph Raw, £319. The value of the estate of Samuel Cartlich had been £19,000, and of John Cartlich, £13,000. Evidently John Cartlich was John Henry Clive not capable of doing much business, especially in his latter years, and had reduced the estate considerably. In Vol. VI. of John Henry Clive's MSS. books, there is the following note concerning early members of the Cartlich family : '' Reference No. 2546. Copied the following from the Records of the Goldsmiths' Company at Goldsmiths' Hall, Foster Lane, Cheapside, London, about 29th October, 1828.-J .H.C. " 1681, April 1st. Memorandum, that I John Cartlich the son of John Cartlich late of Tunstall in the County of Stafford, Taylor, deceased doe put myselfe apprentice unto Peter ffloyer Citizen and Goldsmith of London for the terme of seavem yeares from the psnte day. Jno. Cartlich. " 2548. " 1689, 15th November. John Cartlich apprentice to Peter ffloyer was sworn and made free by service, and paid as of custome. "2549. "January 12th, 1714. John Cartlich son of John Cartlich (admitted to his freedom) by Patrimony then at least 21 years of age. J.H.C. " 2550. " 1718. William Cartlich admitted. By his will, John Cartlich left £50 to the poor of Tunstall. The Cartlich's were an old family of yeomen, and manu- facturers, of Goldenhill, and the neighbourhood, and a sporting family of some local repute. Their name appears as master potters as early as 1710. Thomas Cartlich, of Oldcot, Sandyford (1756-1815), also described as of Goldenhill (all three places adjoin each other), was an earthenware manufacturer of Sandyford, of some import­ ance, and was in partnership as we have said with his elder brother, Samuel. They seem to have had a pottery at Burslem as well. They appear in Bailey's Directory of 1784, where their name is mis-spelt Cartlidge. In 1785, their name appears correctly spelt in their petition to the Navigation Offices at Stone. In Tunnicliffe's Survey, 1786, the firm appear as S. & J. Cartlich, in the Universal British Directory, in 1795, as Samuel and Thomas, and they appear in other Directories until 1811. In 1811, in the Staffordshire Advertiser, the pottery occurs " as late in the occupation of Samuel and Thomas," and is described as between Tunstall and Goldenhill; namely, Sandyford. Samuel and Thomas were the sons of Samuel Cartlich, of Goldenhill, and Sarah, his wife, and were baptised at Newchapel respectively on the 30th January, 1754, and 24th October, 1756. There is a large box tomb to the memory PLATE XI

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~OTES FR0:\1 ]oHs HEsRY CLin:'s ~IS. BooK, VoL. 6 AND Hts DRAWI::-.G oF His \VARD SARAH, DAUGHTER OF THOMAS CARTLICH OF S.'\SDYFORD (AFTERWARDS !\!Rs. TH0:.1As LLEWELLY:-. 1812-18-16) AT CHELL Hou~rn 1828

John Henry Clive of Samuel, the elder, near the south porch of Wolstanton Church. Samuel Cartlich, of Goldenhill, died rrth June, 1786, aged 65. Samuel, the younger, married Barbara, daughter of John Cole, of Turnhurst, as already mentioned, and had a son, John, born 1784, who died 26th March, 1836, unmarried, while Thomas (who died in September, and was buried at Wolstanton, 26th of that month, r815, aged 59), as already named, married Elizabeth Walcklate (who died and was buried beside her husband, 6th April, 1818, aged 33), at St. Margaret's, Wolstan­ ton, 16th November, 1811. They had two children, Thomas, born 12th January, 1814, baptised St. Thomas', N ewchapel, by the Rev. John Lawton, 10th April in that year,1 and Sarah, born 24th April, 1812, baptised Newchapet 31st January, 1813. Sarah married as his first wife Thomas Llewellyn, solicitor, of Tunstall, and had issue, one daughter, Marian, wife of Phillip Elliot, son of Liddel Elliot, of Newcastle, Stafford­ shire, and left issue, now living in Australia. Marian, Mrs. Elliot, died 14th February, 1921, aged 80, at Chatterley, Kingaroy, Queensland, the home of her younger son, Sydney James Elliot and his family. The elder son being Phillip Llewellyn Elliot. Mrs. Sarah Llewellyn died 5th February, 1846, aged 34, at Chell House, Tunstall, where she and her husband went to live when John Henry Cliv~ (born 1781) left there for Bath, a few years before Clive's second wife died in 1844. There is a tombstone in Newchapel Churchyard on the north-east of the Church to her memory : Sarah, wife of Thomas Llewellyn, of Chell House, in this County, who died 5th February, 1846, aged 34. Thomas Llewellyn married, secondly, Frances Mary, daughter of John George Hammack, of Essex House, Bow Road, Middlesex (solicitor), and Mary, his wife, daughter of Joseph Adams, of Lower Street, Newcastle-under-Lyme, and the Fields House, Keele, Staffordshire. See A History of the Adams Family of North Staffordshire (St. Catherine Press, London, W., p. 217.) Thomas Llewellyn lived later at Ne,v Park, Trentham, Staffordshire, and had amongst numerous other issue: Arthur Price Llewellyn, solicitor, of Tunstall, and of Seabridge, near Newcastle. The Llewellyn, Cartlich and Clive families were old friends. As to Thomas Cartlich, born 1814, first of Chell Lodge, he, in, or about, 1860, came to the Manor House, Woore, which Manor he finally purchased (the advowson excepted) 1 Henry Wedgwood, in his Staffordshire up and down the C"unty, under Sandyford, p 8, is incorrect as to the origin of Thomas Cartlich. 31 John Henry Clive from the Kenrick family1 in 1877. He married2 at St. John's Parish Church, Burslem, 15th January, 1851, Jane, daughter of William Harrison, of Leek, and lVIary, his wife, daughter and co-heiress of John Mare, of Milton, Staffordshire, 3 and sister of John lVIare Harrison, surgeon, first of Burslem, Staffordshire, and later of Audlem, Cheshire-where he died 11th June, 1907, aged 89. There is a window by Kempe to his memory in the old Parish Church of St. James. Horton Yates and her sister, Sara Godwin Harrison, were the witnesses of this marriage. Thomas and Jane Cartlich had numerous children, one of whom, Elizabeth Blanche, is recorded on the same tomb­ stone at Wolstanton as the John Cartlich we have already named as having died in 1836. She died 14th June, 1859, aged 5 years and 9 months; the other members of the family being buried at Woore; Mary Jane (Minny), born 19th December, 1851, died August 3rd, 1903; Sara in 1876, Edith Susanna in 1883, while the last of the family, Beatrice Clive Cartlich, died 20th October, 1910, aged 51. She was, of course, named Clive after her father's guardian, John Henry Clive, of Chell House, and she had one brother besides Thomas (born 22nd December, 1856), namely John Henry Cartlich, who died 17th April, 1895, aged 32. Since 1910, therefore, the Cartlich family have died out, and the Manor property was sold to the author of this little book at the beginning of the year 1911. Thomas Cartlich, born 1814, died 27th June, 1877, aged 63. The east window in the Chancel of \Voore Church, St. Leonard, is to his memory. His widow, ~,ifrs. Jane Cartlich, died 8th February, 1892, aged 68. The following information occurs in A History of the Adams Family of North Staffordshire, St. Catherine Press, Strand, W.C.r, p. 386. Concerning the Cartlich family :-

1 The Kenricks had owned Woore Hall and the Manor of Woore since the days of Elizabeth. 2 Marriage settlement is dated 14th January, 1851, between Thomas Cartlich, of Little Chell, in the Parish of Wolstanton, in the County of Stafford, gentleman, of the first part ; Jane Harrison, of Burslem, in the said County, spinster, of the second part ; John Mare Harrison, of Burslem, aforesaid, surgeon, and Henry Meir, of Tunstall, in the Parish of Wolstanton aforesaid, earthenware manufacturer, of the fourth part. a John Mare, married Mary, daughter of Hugh Ford, by Mary daughter of Thomas Repton, of Norton-in-the-Moors, by Mary, his wife, daughter of Samuel Adams, of Milton. - Vide A History of the Adams Family of North Staffordshire, p. 246, and pedigrea table F. John Mare Harrison, M.R.C.S. left two daughters by Elizabeth (sister of Thomas Latham Boote, of Corbrook House, Audlem, Cheshire, and Richard Boote of Shallowford House, nr. Stafford, of the pottery firm of T. & R. Boote of Burslem) his wife ; Sara Maria (died 24th December, 1922) wife of Stephen Bellot Jackson, of the Hollies, Audlem, and Rye Flatt, Chapel-en-le­ Frith, Derbyshire, who died 31st July, 1918. M.I., S. James, Audlem ; and Elizabeth Boote (died 26th November, 1925) wife of James Greaves, of Corbrook House, alias Corbrook Court, who died 24th July, 1932, at Thorneycroft, Buxton. 32 Tim \Voo1m BEAGLES IN FoREGIWVND : :M1NNIE AND BEATIUCE CLIVE CARTLICH; ToM CARTLICH (HUNTSMAN) AHIA TA \'LOR (WIIIPPER lN) IN BACKGIWUNU: STA:SLEY JOHN \VEYMAN, S\'ONEY HoRSltALL ANO l\lAUEL DAl,l'RY

John Henry Clive

"The Cartliches of Woore were well-known people in the County as they were such good sportsmen. In his History of the North Stafford­ shire Hounds, Mr. Blagg says that 'Mr. CartJich, of the Manor House: Woore, was for many years the most hospitable and kindly member of the Hunt, whose house was always open to sportsmen of every degree when the meet was on the W oore side, and his son keeps up the good traditions of his house.' The first meet of the season was for many years at Woore Manor, and in 1868 Mr. Thomas Cartlich was nominated on the Committee of Management, which included the Duke of Suther­ land, the Earl of Shrewsbury, Mr. Harry Davenport, of Maer Hall, Mr. Basil Fitzherbert, of Swynnerton, Mr. J. W. Phillips, of Heybridge, and Mr. M. E. Buller, of Dilhome.

" The last male representative of the Cartlich family (Thomas Cartlich-generally called Jack) died at Woore Manor in June, 1910. His interesting collection of pottery and porcelain, mostly of the Stafford­ shire order, including old_ Wedgwood, original Adams, Turner, Spade, and other famous makes, is now in the Hanley Museum, arranged together in cases by itself, and is especially noted as the 'Cartlich Collection.'

" Blore Manor, and the Quaritch family, in Stanley J. Weyman's story, ' The Story of a Courtship,' in the English Illustrated of December, 1883, refer to the Manor House, Woore, and the Cartlich family."

The people named in this story are easily recognisable. Charles Maitland is Mr. Stanley John Weyman himself; Maggie Quaritch is Minnie (Mary Jane) Cartlich ; Joan is Beatrice (Beatrice Clive Cartlich) ; Agnes is Edith, the youngest Miss Cartlich. The only name that is not changed is Abia the groom. That was his real name-Ahia Taylor­ and he is shown as the whip in the picture Plate XII, facing page 32. The others in the picture being Minnie and Beatrice Cartlich. Tom Cartlich, the master ; in the background appear Mabel Daltry (Mrs. Frank Mac Clellan), daughter of the Vicar of Madeley; Stanley John Weyman, the famous novelist, and Sidney Horsfall. Stanley Weyman was a barrister, and came of a Ludlow family of solicitors, educated at Shrewsbury and Christ Church, Oxford. He became engaged to Beatrice Cartlich, but owing to her ill health it was eventually broken off, and he, in later years, married Charlotte, daughter of the Rev. Richard Panting, H.E.I.C.S. Sydney Horsfall came of a Liverpool family, a very popular personage in the neighbourhood in the 8o's and go's of last century.

33 ] ohn Henry Clive

Mrs. Guy Knight, nee Peake (see p. rog), now aged 90, remembers the Cartlich "Beagles" well when she went out with them; Tom Cartlich being the 11aster. Beatrice generally the whipper in, and Minnie, who was not so fleet of foot, doing the shouting. They were all keen sportsmen, and were always out with the North Staffordshire Hunt. Many of the foxes' pads which they used to nail on the door of the stables at this house are still there. Mrs. Knight also remembers Stanley ,v eyman' s visits and ho,v he told her with great amusement of his first arrival, how he was greeted at the station by the Misses Cartlich and the wild yapping of dogs. He said his visit would come in a book he was writing-" his first visit to the sporting world.''

How he went beagling with most unsuitable boots which came to grief at the end of the day. How the Empress of Austria called at the Manor and arrived rather earlier than was expected. One of the older maids said afterwards : " I knew I must not turn my back upon Royalty, so I walked back­ wards to the stairs, and then I apologised, and went up . . . " Some of the Cartlichs were rather "wild," but what the then Vicar of Woore, the Rev. John Alfred Bradley, in his little History of the Church and Village of Woore, p. 13, describing the village, says is very apt . . . "standing on an elevation, and shaded by fine tall trees, the J'.v.Ianor House, where the Cartlich family for over a generation have resided. Many dear memories attach themselves to the name-all that generosity implies, all that active labour and self-sacrifice for the welfare of the Parish and Church means, found its expression there."

Minnie Cartlich wrote a skit about her brother's beagles, illustrated with caricatures of her brothers and sisters and friends, (in the Author's possession) and as some were clever and could be easily recognised, it was thought well worth while to introduce here. She evidently presented the book to her brother for it is inscribed in her ·writing :

TOM CARTLICH, Dec. 22nd 82.

34 John Henry Clive.

~ --=- - t; ti) ---~~,-~ \ ( - .~r=::, .ELr,::::;"l II

Tom Cartlich at the Manor.

'Tis Christmas time, the weather"s fine, We want a bit of fun; A pack of beagles meet close to What say you to a run ? See here's the master with his hounds, A. sportsman he is true, Go through the world and you will find Like him but very few. His coachman acts for him as whip, A wiry sort of man ; In pluck and muscle you may try To beat him if you can.

Ahia Taylor This is the master's brother, he's A rare one for a run, And at the end of a long day Will seldom own he's done. But of these men there is no need That I their praise should speak. For if the truth must be confessed. They've all sufficient cheek ; And can defend themselves right well Should anybody dare ---- To even hint, they cannot hunt - That wily thing-a hare. J obn Henry Cartlicb. (Harry) 35 John Henry Clive

See, here's a scarlet petticoat, This brightens up the scene, The wearer of this petticoat, At many a death has been.

Yon rough-haired girl is fond of sport1 But in a quiet way, - ~ ...... -... _ She never will exert herself ...----·­ In work or even play. -----""--- .... -·

That dark-eyed girl in fustian dress, Who slowly saunters up ; The master says that none like her Can rear a beagle pup. This pale-faced ma.:i can run a bit He·s lately ccme from town, You might have seen him there last week Sedate, in wig and gown. The Secretary of the hunt, I fear is rather slow, In days gone by, Ive heard it said, She has been known to go. The hunt would never be complete Beatrice Clive Cartlich Without this stately dame, She loves good sport for good sport's sake. And calls each hound by name. The beagles are a splendid lot, And grand sport always show : Its no good going out with them. Unless you mean to go.

Stanley J. Weyman The big grassfields near home prove blank, And next they try a plough "Keep a look out" the master says "We'll draw this spinney now.'' Minnie Cartlicb

And eagerly the little pack Face the rough bush and brier, The steady way these beagles work. One cannot but admire. john Henry Clive

They're feathering now upon a line, We hear a note or two, 'Tis only Linkboy's voice, and that's Not always very true.

Hark ! There's old Marksman ! and at once The others join the cry, Grand is the chorus that resounds, As they go racing by

"Ye-oy, Tally-ho ! Forrard away ! " The whip has had a view, The hare has crossed the clover-root, The hounds soon cross 1t too. •·Forrad away l Forrad away! The huntsman blows his horn. Was ever sight so glorious, As on this winter's morn. And now the pack is streaming o'er The brow of yonder hill, And those who wish the sport to see, Are following with good will. We're thankful for a moment"s check They've flashed over the line-­ They're right again ! Magic, that cast Of yours wa.s very fine. The master wishes he had sent Someone to watch the lane, It does not ma.tter, they have crossed, And are on the turf again. For the next quarter of an hour The pace is very good, 'Tis all grass land, and luckily She's not gone in the wood ; But left it to the right, and turned Almost close to that farm. A sheep dog runs her here a bit, And does no little harm. The master's language to that dog Isn't quite what it should be, And that is pardonable, in A huntsman keen as he. Then to make matters worse, alas, We're coming to some plough, ''A quart of ale,'' the master says: ''That she will beat us now."

37 John Henry Clive

And so a little time is lost, Tho' eagerly work the pack, They cast themselves all round the field, She must have doubled back.

They cannot hit it off at all­ And then most lucky fate. The whip's sharp eye can very plainly Prick her through the gate. For half a mile or rather more The hunting is but slow Until in the next field we hear Ajoyful Tally-ho !

She had squatted in some turnips, And cheery is the sound, And at what a killing rate they go. Trunsey·s the leading hound. Curious is not far from her, And the others close behind, Amongst them all, I do not think One tailer you will find.

And very fast for near an hour This good old hare they run, And if this pace much longer lasts, She must be getting done. The country is rather roughish, A brook before her lies, She's crossed it, and as her last chance To gain the cover tries. But this is quite impossible, Once more she's in the lane. She does her best, but 'tis no good, The hounds fast on her gain.

Rakish is close behind her, Then in the air she bounds, And with a cry so like a child's She falls among the hounds.

Luckily at.this moment Master and whip come up, And tho' their wind is almost gone, Joyfully cry, ·•Whoo-whoop !

It is no easy matter to Make Stormer loose the hare, He hangs on like a bulldog, For the whip he does not care. John Henry Clive

The other are more sensible And understand. ''dead, dead,., And now the whip in sporting style Cuts off her pads and head.

At last midst blowings of the horn Midst cries of '•worry ! worry ! " They throw her up among the hounds, Thus ends the glorious scurry.

When to his wife and little boy The master gives at night A full account of his day's sport~ They listen with delight. Mrs. Tom Cartlich (1882) and her son And dancing round the room with glee, The boy cries ··When I grow A little older. father dear. I shall a hunting go !

About the year 1820, or possibly earlier, John Henry Clive began collecting information for a history of the Clive family, and, with a view to having it printed when complete, he issued a prospectus, of which the following is a copy (the first page of this prospectus is our Plate No. XIII}.

ABSTRACT OF A SYNOPSIS OF COLLECTIONS FOR A HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT FAMILY OF CLIVE

From the Roman Ages to the Middle of the 17th Century, being part the first.

Obtained from Roman Inscriptions, Saxon MSS., Dom boc. Original Charters, Tower and Exchequer Records, Inqujs' p.m., Family Pedigrees, Rolls of Parliament, Church and Abbey Registers, Law Pleadings, MSS. in the British Museum, Deeds, Wills, Sepulchral Monuments, Heralds' Visitations, Old Paintings, Medals, County Histories and other authentic and creditable sources.

39 ~' ohn Henry Clive

I 11,troduction, Ancient modes of Robert Earl Ferrers, his wife imposing Names, Dissertations on Margaret, daughter of William Peverell. Earl of Notts. Liber Names, Origin of name Clive, Niger. Darley Priory. Merivale Roman inscriptions, Saxon Abbey. Grants to Tutbury. Chronicle and MSS. Rotulus de dominibus. William Corbet. Wattlesborough. First Generation. Collaterals - Henry de Clive, Lineal - Maternal Ancestors, Bordesley Monastery. Lidulf de Leofrie, Saxon Earl of Mercia, Croxton. Tower Records. For- and his Lady Godiva, their history mulare Anglicanum. and descendants, A.D. 1057. Ancient paintings and MSS. Fifth Generation. Coventry Abbey. Charters. Lineals - Hugh, Earl of Chester, A.D. 1180. Notices of him, his Second Generation. Charters and Seal, his daughter Lineal - Maternal Ancestors, Amicia. Ralph Mainwaring. Algar, Saxon Earl of Mercia, A.D. William Earl Ferrers, his rebel­ 1059, ms history and Rebellion. lion and submission, and other Gilbe'l't de Venables, Baron of acts, his wife Sibilla, daughter Kinderton, some notices of him. of Will de Broase, of whom Henry de Ferrariis, a Norman. notices and charters. Hugo de Norman Conquest. Dom boc Huxley. Abbey of St. Werburgh. survey. Tutbury Castle and Lordship of Huxley. Many Priory. William Earl Warren. charters and seals. Thomas Corbet. Holy Land. Chivalry. Third Generation. Collaterals - Richard de Clive. Lineal - l\ilaternal Ancestors, Lordship of Clive, county Chester. Lucia, Countess of Lincoln, her Wever family. Many charters and second husband Roger de Seals. Domesday Book. Saxon Romara-third husband Ranulph Chron. Ancient MSS. Intro­ Earl of Chester, Clive Abbey. duction of hereditary Armorial Gundred dau. of Wm. Con­ bearings. Croxton family. Char­ queror. Roger Corbet, a Nor­ ters. Lordship of Croxton, man. Caux Castle and Barony. co. Chester. St. Peter's Abbey, Salop. Robert Earl Ferrers. Battle of the Sixth Generation. Standard. Merivale Abbey. Lineals - William Ferrers, Earl Collateral Relatives and Con­ of Derby. Charter of Richard temporaries - Goisfrid de Clive 1st and Seal. Grants from the Bishop of Hereford. Drawing of Crown. King John's Charters. his Tomb, A.D. 1119. Notices Croxden Abbey. Agnes, daughter of him. of Hugh, Earl of Chester. Chartley Castle. Charters and seals. Fourth Generation. Robert

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FRONT PAGE OF THE PRO~PECTl"S OF THE PROPOSED CLIVE HISTORY BY ]OH~ HE~RY CuvE (BoR~ li81) REDCCED FROM 11· x ~y·

John Henry Clive

Tenants. Slaves in England. Monastic Cartularies. Herald's Charters and Decrees of the Visitations, Ancient orthography, Church relating thereto. Peti­ origin of Cliff. Robert Ferrers, tion of the Commons against Earl of Derby, his history, rebel­ Villiens. Robert de Clive. Lord­ lion, attainder, forfeiture, char­ ship of Wever" Carta detestabilis, ters and seals, marriage with Royal "Ayd." Richard de Alienore, heiress of Randuff Croxton, A.D. 1228. Warin de Lord Basset, sells Haywood, tries Croxton, Traditionary accounts. to recover his lands, Chartley Castle beseiged, dies A.D. 1278. Seventh Generation. St. Thomas's Priory. Charters. Lineals - William Ferrers, Earl Robert de Huxley. Charter grants of Derby. Quiney family, Earls of of lands in Huxley. Many Char­ Winchester, Royal Consangui­ ters and seals. Manor of Huxley nity, Charters, Constable of Scot­ settled on Henry de Clive, A.D. land. Charters and seal. Chartley 1331. Ellen de Huxley. Con­ P.;.rk. Indigenous Wild Cattle of cluding notices of the Huxley Britain. Grants to Tutbury. family. Value of articles in 1301. Town of Uttoxeter. Accident Robert Corbet, of Morton, excused and Death, A.D. 1254. Hugh de from knighthood. Huxley. William de Huxley" Collaterals - Richard de Clive, Bond to the Abbot of St. Wer­ grant of lands in Minshull, Chan­ burg, Grant of Huxley Waste. cellor of Oxford, Riot there, sat Charters and seals. Sir Richard in Parliament A.D. 1296, his cup Corbet. Morton Turet. Saxon of Murrha, Thomas de Clive, gentry. Warin de Clive. Grant his bond, married Amicia Min­ of Clive Lordship. Charters, shull, several Charters, Leighton. Pedigrees and traditi.onary ac­ Indenture of boundaries. Ralph counts compared. Assumption de Clive of Leighton, a grant of of local names. Ellen, dau. of lands in Minshull. Martin Clive, Henry de Clive. Armorial Monk of Canterbury, his sermons, bearings. Bull of Pope Celestine 5th, A.D. Collaterals - Henry de Clive. 1294, Church Ornaments and Charter grants in Clive, Peerage Vestments, Sir Gosceline de Clive, account corrected. Charter. Roger summoned to a great council, de Clive, Crusader. Letters of Knights' service in Scotland Protection. Roger de Clive" dis­ Battle of Falkirk, his daughter traint to receive knighthood. Editha, her charter grants. Termination of this usage. John Ancient tombstone of Elienor de de Clive, A.D. 1275. His armorial Clive. Gresley family. bearings in an ancient pedigree. Absurd grant of arms by Dug­ Ninth Generation. dale. Origin and meaning of the Lineals - Henry de Clive married Clive arms. Seal of Henry de Agnes de Huxley. Park of Vale Clive. Forest of De la Mere. Royal Abbey, consecration, dis­ Arms used for Surnames. Will sensions there, Charters of lands of Walter de Merton, Chan­ in Quetecroft, Middlewich, New­ cellor, Uncle of John de Clive. ton, other charters and seals. Hundred Rolls. Magna Carta. Prince Edward imprisoned by Edward I. Robert Corbet, Sheriff Eighth Generation. of Salop. John Lord Fer1'ers Lineals - Stephen de Clive, Com­ obtained Chartley Castle, went mencement of ancient Clive Pedi­ into Scotland, died A.D. 1316. gree. Doubt of its correctness. William de Styche, of Styche. John Henry Clive

Kenrick de Calveley, father of Eleventh Generation. the celebrated Sir Hugh Calveley, Froissart's Chronicles. Bunbury Lineals - Thomas de Clive, found Church, tomb, chantry, award in next heir to Rob. de Huxley, a dispute of Arms, A.D. r378. A.D. 1390, notices of him. his Seals. Historical notices. bond. John Lord Ferrers, of Chartley, notices of him. Stafford Collaterals - Sir John de Clive, and Bagot families - charters. confederate with Thomas Duke William de Styche. Broughton of Lancaster in his rebellion, family - charters, arms. pardoned and his lands restored. Collaterals - William de Clive, Money found at Tutbury. several notices of him, his curious will, charters. Henry de Clive, Keeper many charters and seals. John de of the Great Seal, many notices Clive, notices of him, charter, of him, founded a Chantry, his M.P. for Bristol. Ralph Clive, charters and private seal, died his charters and seal. Colepeper A.D. 1332. Great plea of Arms, family, charters and seal. Manors of Baseley and Neston. William de Clive, grand levy of Twelfth Generation. ships, Seneschal of Galtres, Guardian of the great Seal, re­ Lineals -Hugh de Clive, Charter., puted miracles, Manors of Ever­ A.D. 1425. Notices of Cheshire ton and Lacheley. Thomas de families. John de Styche, notices Clive. Will of Thomas de la Clive, of him, Petition to Parliament. 1336. Egerton family, Petitions against Cheshire men. Edmund Lord F errers, notices of him and the Tenth Generation. Birmingham family. Manor Lineals - Henry de Clive, in­ House, arms and monuments. herited Huxley, married Eva le Robert Corbet, notices of him, Tewe, notices of the Tewe Charters. family, several charters, charter Collaterals - Thomas Clive, of lands in Bunnecroft, with seals Sheriff of Chester, Sheriff's me­ of Arms A.D. 1376, grant to morial, grants of lands, charters, Rosa de Clive, battle of Cresci, Ralph Clive, charters and seals. origin of the French fleur de lys. John Clive, 1st Minstrell to the Robert Lord Ferrers, notices of 1 King, Minstrelsy, Rolls of Parlia- him, died A.D. 1349. Thomas de ment, Battle of Agincourt. Stycke, Isabel de Wlankeslowe. Notices ofWlonkeslowe, co. Salop, Thirteenth Generation. held in capite of the Crown. Lineals - Rickard de Clive, Arms. Sir Thomas de Berming­ notices of him, surety for Laur­ ham. Lords of Birmingham ance Dutton, Cheshire quarrels. Tower Rolls. Ancient Monuments. Hanford family. Grant of lands Collaterals - John de Clive, in Shotwick, A.D. 1440 Charters. Charters, Commissioner of Array, Hockenhul family, Charters, Arbi­ witness in the great Scrape and trations, Manor of Rode, charters, Grosvenor plea of Arms, his wardship and marriage. Bostock deposition. French Wars, Manor family, charters. Bruyn family, of Norbury. William de Clive, charters, Stapleford. Change of Inquisitions post mortem, Trea­ names. Tomb in St. Werburgh surer of South Wales. Thresk Abbey. Thomas de Styche, Styche and other Manors. Ed ward de family and estates. William Clive. Historical Notes. Arms Lord F errers--concluding notices of Sir William de Clive. of the Ferrers family. Belknap 42 John Henry Clive family. Shirley family history. the Corbet family. Sir William Sir Roger Corbet, notices of him. BreYeton, notices of him. Brereton Erdington family. family, charters and seals. Collaterals - John Clive, Clive Historical notices. Hall. Hulse family. Marriage Collaterals - Ralph Clive, notices contract of Ann, daughter of Sir of him. Charters. Wardship of Hugh Hulse. Charters, monu­ James Clive. Michael Clive, ments. Joan Clive. Dowmvill charters. Old Justice Clive. family. Curious Charter grant Curious painting. Alchemy. of arms. Prior of St. John. Sixteenth Generation. Henry Clive. attainted, wars of the Roses, Rolls of Parliament. Lineals - Richard Clive, notices William Clive, attainder reversed. of him. Inquis. post mort. Battle of Tewkesbury. Mobberly Charters. Margaret Corbet, Mar­ family. riage Covenant, Ladies' for­ tunes, A.D. 1530. Dispute with Fourteenth Generation. Tilston family. Bond. Church Lineals - James Cli-pe, notices lands, many charters, Inquis. of him, A.D. 1480, Charter. post mort. Catherine Styche. Tenants in Collaterals - William Clive, capite, ✓, short life. Inquisition L.L.D., notices of him, many post mortem. Bird family. Church preferments, his judg­ Grimsdich family. Harleian MSS. ment concerning confirmation, Bruen family. Bruen's godly made Dean of Chester, grants of cards. Painted window in Tarvin Church lands, many indentures, Church, Clive arms, window Dean imprisoned, Harleian MSS. destroyed, charters. Walter 80 Manors and townships yielded Devereux, Devereux family. up, leases, and charters, absurd Monuments, Battle of Bosworth. causes for surrender. Richard Stowe Church, monuments and Clive. Dean died A.D. 1558. painted window. Norman arch. Robert Clive, Clerk of the Cheque, Sif' Roger Corbet, notices of him. had Church lands. Sterries Hopton family. Ancient Rolls. Chantry. Astley Manor. John Siege of Hopton Castle. Cliffe, of Ingerstone, in Essex, Collaterals - Robert Clive, Clerk of the Signet, notices of him. L.L.D., notices of him. Charter. Family of Cliffe of Great Whitley, Manchester College. Whalley co. Worcester, monuments and Abbey.Abbot's Bond and execu­ arms. tion. Stanley family, Chancellor of Ely, Excommunication, Car­ Seventeenth Generation. dinal Wolsey. Clive family in Lineals - Richard Clive, notices Chester. Michael Clive. Wyke­ of him. Jane Brereton. Richard's ham College. Dissolution_ of Sel­ Monument, A.D. 1572, in Trinity bom Priory. Sir John Clive. Church, Chester. King's Vale Priest, A.D. 1492. Royal, Inquis. post mortem. Laxity of spelling in names. Fifteenth Generation. Ancient Map of Cheshire, List of Lineals - Richard Clive, notices Cheshire Knights and Gentry. of him. Guillim's heraldry. Alice Collaterals - Robert Clive, Calverley. Cha.."1:ers, A.D. 1515. James Clive. Families of Morley Inquis. post. mart. Sir RichaYd and Mainwaring. Ralph Clive, Corbet, notices of him. Elizabeth notices of him. Dorothy Kynas­ Devereux, her monument. Leigh­ ton, Kynaston family, Walford, ton family. Concluding notices of co. Salop. Princes of Powys.

43 John Henry Clive

Rolls of Parliament. Origin of the 1 Powys Castle. Inquisition post tradition of Wild Humphrey. mortem. Charters. Wrenon's Ness Cliff. Dorothy Clive. grounds, survey of Estates. Til­ Barkers of Haghmond, Haghmond ston, of Huxley. Thomas Clive, Monastery, its Chartulary. Hill notices of him, Walford. Mary family, Alice Clive. Ley family. Onslow, Onslow family, Arms, Will of Richard Ley, A.D. 1562. Lordship of Walford. Joshua Lord Herbert, of Cherbury. Ley­ Clive, Fishmongers' Company, cester family. City apprentices. Sir Christopher Clive, his exploits, letters about Eighteenth Generation. him, arms. Sir Henry Clive, Lineals - Sir George Clive Knight, made a Baronet by King notices of him. Charters, Susan­ James I., A.D. 1620 (called Clere nah Copinger, Copinger family, in the printed lists), title extinct, Charters, grants of lands in his armorial bearings. Chester, Herald's Visitation, A.D. 1580, ~fany Charters, Mayor Twentieth Generation. of Congleton, Bressy family. Spanish Annada, first News­ Lineals - Robert Clive, notices of papers. Susannah Clive's join­ him, member of the long Parlia­ ture. Inquis. post mort. Arms. ment, Sequestrator, abused in Poole family, of Poole Hall. East­ Parliament. Siege of Chester, ham Church. Arms. Civil wars, Burgess the Preacher. Sheriff of Shrop­ Collaterals - Edward Clive, Mary A byn. A.D. 1671. Puritans. notices of him, altered the Clive shire, Huxley Hall garrisoned. Randle pedigrees. Loyd family. arms, Holme. Francis Clive. Forrester family. Thomas Clive, of Copton, A.D. Collaterals - John Clive. Duchy 1590, notices of him and his Records. Rachael Clive married family, arms and monuments. Thomas Wilbraham, Wilbraham Hayward family. Chancery Rolls. family and MSS. Charters. Town­ Rebecca Clive married to Henry send, Rode Hall, King J ames's Legh, of Baggiley. visit and letter to his son. Monu­ ment in Nantwich Church. Nineteenth Generation. Rachael died A.D. 1657. Ex­ Lineals - Ambrose Clive, notices tinction of the Clives in Cheshire. of him, Charters, settled at Knight service abolished. His­ Styche, many charters, buried torical notices. Conclusion of at St. Mary's Shrewsbury, A.D. part the first, illustrated by 1645. Clive estates in Cheshire. Twenty Plates of Figures, Views, Name changed. Ruins, Monuments, Seals, Arms, Collaterals - John or Joshua etc., of which that annexed is a Clive, Mary Charlton, Charlton specimen, drawn on stone, from family. Princes of Powys, originals, by the Author.

Perhaps Clive did not get sufficient response to his prospectus, or he found some other outlet for his energies. At any rate the book did not get published. He, how~ver, left six leather bound note books1 packed with extracts from old deeds and other sources as described in the prospectus. Each different

l One of these books (Vol. 6) is stamped Messrs. Child & Clive.

44 ] ohn Henry Clive extract is numbered; the earliest Vol. we have is No. 2, which begins with No. 543, and the last No. is 2734, in vol. 6.

He evidently visited the Bodleian Library at Oxford, the Chetham Library at Manchester, the British Museum Library, and other well-known libraries. Most of the extracts relate to members of the Clive families, but not all. He noted down any mention of the name of Clive, not only in Cheshire, Shropshire, Herefordshire, concerning whom he was more particularly interested, but also of the name which occurred in other parts, notably in the south, i.e., in Kent and Devon, which .. families were possibly distinct in origin. He gives copies of inscriptions in Churches, written out very neatly and clearly, but all the matter is somewhat disjointed, and he does not seem to have got so far as to make a consecutive plan for a readable and understandable book. It is probable that some of the volumes are missing (Vols. r and 3). It is certainly unfortunate that he did not bring it up-to-date.

He quotes many references to the family of Clive, Cliff or Clyff in Cheshire deeds, and their connection with the Huxley family. He made etched drawings of the seals, coats-of-arms, etc., which he reproduces in his MS. volumes, some of which appear on the prospectus from about twenty engraved copper plates which he engraved himself. He also IE.ft prcofs of some twenty pages of engravings of heraldry and architecture connected with the family. Clive says that King in his Vale Royall gives the name as spelt Clive, Cliffe, Cleve, Cleave. Indeed he goes on to say in Vol. 6 paragraph 2512 :-

" About the middle of the I 6th century the ancient personal name of Clive was fast falling into disuse, acquiring, like the Manor whence it rose, the more Frenchified or Anglo-Norman sound of Cliffe, Cleve, Cleave, etc., and I believe would have been totally lost had not the visitations of the heralds caused a general search amongst ancient family evidence when Sir George Clive, who could trace no further back than Stephen living about the year 1300, finding in his deeds the ancient spelling to be Clyve, caused it to be so entered as it now stands in the register of the College of Arms, and fashion soon after changing they into i, it became again as it had been 1,000 years before: Clive, and his· posterity have so continued it to this day, whilst collateral branches of the family not taking the trouble or having the same means as Sir George continued to their descendants the altered name as they received it-Cliffe, Cleve, Cleave and Cliff. "-J .H.C. 45 John Henry Clive

Note 2340. He quotes Etlmonson's Heraldry. Note 1633, Vol. IV. It is evident that the antient English writers had no certain mode of spelling, or rather mispelling, for if they had, how comes it that they can spell the Latin language better than they can their own. Monthly Mag., 1800, p. 319. Cleve, or Clive-Huxley in Cheshire: ar. on a fesse betw. 3 wolves' heads erased sa. 3 mullets or.--crest, a griffin passant with wings endorsed ducally gorged or. 2341. Cleve or Clive-Walford Shrt>pshire, same arms; crest a wolf's head erased per pale dauncettee ar. and sa. 2342. Clyve or Clive. Stich, Shropshire. Ar, on a fesse., sab. 3 mullets or. Crest: on a mount vert. a griffin with wings endorsed ar. ducally collared gu. 2343. Cliffe, Shropshire. Ar. on a fesse betw. 3 griffins' heads erased sa. as many mullets of the field. 2344. Cliffe, Yorkshire. Ar. a chev. betw., 3 popinjays vert. membered gules. 2345. Cliffe, Devon and Essex. Ar. 3 popinjays vert. two and one. The name is spelt Clyve on the brass at Holy Trinity Church, Chester. This brass is in the present Lady Chapel, fixed to the south wall adjoining the Whitmore effigy. The reading of the shield of arms Clive impaling Brereton-which is very much worn, and in some instances only just discernible­ incised on the left-hand top corner of the brass is as follows :-

1 and 6. (Arg.) on a fess (sa) three mullets (or)-Clive. 2. Erm. on a bend cotised (gu) three crescents (or)-Huxley. 3. (sa) three garbs (or)-Styche. 4. (Gu) a lion rampant (or) between three crosses formee fitchee (arg)-Wolmeslow. 5. Quarterly (arg and sa) four cocks (counterchanged)- Broughton, impaling­ Brereton of Brereton I. (Arg) two bars (sa)-BYereton. 2. (Gu) three pheons (arg)-Egerton of Egeyton, Joint Barons of Malpas. 3. (Arg) a bend (sa) a label of three points (gu)-St. PierYe,, Joint Barons of Malpas. 4. (Arg) a cross patonce (az)-Ralph, Baron of Malpas. 5. (Or) two ravens (sa)-Corbet of Leighton. 6. (Gu) two lions passant (arg) a label of three points (or)­ Strange. The tinctures are taken from the 1580 Visitation of Cheshire, with the exception of St. Pierre, culled from Pap·worth. There are traces of all the charges on the brass. The attribu­ tions, also from the Visitation, except Wolmeslow and John Henry Clive

Broughton in the Clive quarterings, and St. Pierre in the Brereton coat. The descent from W olmeslow and Brereton is given in the Clive Visitation pedigree. St. Pierre was apparently included on the assumption that Ellen, daughter of Sir John St. Pierre, and wife of Philip de Egerton," ·le large," was heiress in her issue, but this was not the case, for there were descendants of her brothers David and Urian living.1 With regard to Clive, the 1580 Visitation of Cheshire includes the three wolves' heads erased in the blazon, but it is very difficult to say definitely if they were originally engraved upon the brass. There certainly does appear to be some traces of the heads of the upper two, and some trace of a snout of an animal's head under the fess. Probably they were included, but worn away with constant rubbing. Ormerod illustrates, and blazons, the Clive coat without the wolves' heads. Below runs the inscription on the brass which is much more discernable than the arms, see Plate XIV. HERE LYETH BURYED THE BODY OF RICHARD CLYVE OF HUXLEY ESQUIRE WHO DECEASED THE XXVII OF APRILL 1572 HAVING MARRIED JANE THE SISTER OF SIR WYLLM BRERETON KNIGHTE BY WHOM HE HAD ISSUE GEORGE HIS ONLYE SOONE AND DAUGHTERS RACHELL, SARA, REBECKA. JUDETH AND HESTOR. John Henry Clive under Note 2514 in his MS book, Vol 6, says:- " On enquiry at Trinity Church, Chester, in 1828, for the monument of brass mentioned by King in his Vale Royall, my querist was informed that the Chancel fell ·down some years ago, and the monument, being so decayed and illegible, it was not replaced on rebuilding the Church. The old woman who takes care of the Church well remembers it, and says some great family took possession of the vault about four years ago." Clive evidently looked further into this, taking a con­ siderable interest in the matter of the lost monument. He got in touch with Mr. John Wright, Grey Friars, Chester, after reading King's Vale Royall. (The Vale Royall of England or The County Palatine of Chester. Illustrated. Performed by William Smith and William Webb. Published by :Mr. Daniel King. London, 1656). Vale Royall described it as in the upper end of the Chancel. Evidently, the brass could not be

1 The reading of the coat, Clive impaling Brereton, has been passed on to me by Mr. Philip H. Lawson, of Chester. The Rev. J. R. Beresford, Rector of Holy Trinity, and Mr. W. J. Hemp, of Criccieth, Carnarvonshire, have also rendered kindly help. 47 John Henry Clive found, and John Henry Clive was willing to place a brass or stone tablet with a suggested inscription reading as follows : Richard Clive, of Clive and Huxley, in this County, Esquire, was interred in the vault below in the year 1572. He was lineally descended from the Earl of M ercia and Chester, and married Jane, the sister of Sir William Brereton, of Brereton, Knight, by whom he had issue, Sir George Clive, Knight, and four daughters­ This tablet was erected in the year 1832 by John Henry Clive, of Chell House, in the County of Stafford, Esquire, in place of a brass monument taken down and destroyed several years ago (giving the shield of arms as shown sixth facing page 50). He also suggested an alternate inscription somewhat siinilar. These offers did not materialise, but a brass is in the Church at the present day as already stated. Is it the original? found after further search at John Henry's instigation, or is it a reproduction? We have been unable to prove this, but it is significant that the writer of Vale Royall, who evidently saw the original, should spell the Clive name in its variant of Cliff. On the other hand, if it is a reproduction, it is a very clever one. The present Rector, the Rev. J. R. Beresford, considers it a good brass, in excellent condition, but the coat-of-arms is very worn. . This Richard and Jane Clive will be noted in the pedigree given, page 125. John Henry Clive was very interested in the heraldic device or charge of a mullet (he had it placed on his grave stone), and under reference No. 937 in his MSS. note books, he quotes from Clark's Heraldry: "Mullet, supposed to be the rowel of a spur, and should consist of five points only, whereas a star consists of six or more. Molette is the rowel of a spur in the French language, and it is affirmed that it must be always pierced to distinguish it from a star. Mr. Nesbitt says he ordinarily takes mullets for stars in blazons when they accom­ pany celestial figures, but when they accompany military instru­ ments and other pieces of armour for spur rowels. He continues- Griffin : this chimerical creature is half a lion and half an eagle, having large ears but no wings in the male griffin, and owes its origin to the Herald's College. On the other hand, Clive records that :- " The origin of this fabulous creature is supposed by Aelian in the fourth book of his history of animals to have taken place in India. Its back was covered with jet black feathers, its breast with red, and its wings with white. THE CLIVE BRASS IN 1'11E LAOY CHAPEL OF HOLY TRINITY CHURCH, CHESl'ER

John Henry Clive

u According to Ctesias the hinder part of its neck was covered with feathers of a most beautiful and glossy hue ; it had the beak of an eagle and very fiery eyes."

John Henry Clive makes a note that there are plenty of griffins and male griffins in the Bayeaux tapestry. He makes the following observations on Mottoes:- .. Mottoes are short sentences generally written on a scroll under­ neath the shield of arms, and bear an allusion to the original. wearer's temper of mind, pious feeling or worldly circumstance, and had no doubt when first adopted an especial reference to an incident in the life of him who adopted it.

"They may be classed under a few general headings as: Religious, Moral, Patriotic War Cries or a mixture of all these." He considers that most of the Religious Mottoes originated with the Crusades or other periods of Warfare, in which there was a _religious predominance. He quotes several pages of Mottoes, together with trans­ lations and names of their adopters.

Amongst the list of Personal Mottoes he quotes the one that he himself places at the foot of his own coat-of-arms.

CREDO AMA ET REGNA (I believe, Love thou and Reign), which he attributes to the family of Clive (Old Motto), as opposed to AUDACTER ET SINCERE (Boldly and in­ geniously) which he describes as Clive (New Motto). He closes his remarks with " The Motto ' Credo Ama de Regna,' which has been the means of drawing forth these remarks upon Mottoes, generally seem$ to point very particularly to some period when there was a strong contest for the Crown, and as the motto was in use about 1300 A.D.( and how much earlier I cannot say), that contest must have been previous to this date. " Whether it was assumed to support some of the first Henrys or Edward I. in his pretensions to the Crown of Scotland, I leave others to determine.'' Clive quotes references from well-known magazines, including the Gentleman and the U niversal.1

l The Universal Magazine started in June, 1747, and went on until 1815.

49 John Henry Clive

Illustration of shields of arms, facing page 50, is from his own sketches in Vol. No. 6 (No. 2488), the last one on the page is the shield which he used himself as his arms-with the griffin as crest. 1 He opens one of his MSS. notes with the following fable taken from the Gentleman's Magazine, vol. v., p. 313. ,c The Earls of Clive are descended from the Heiress of that illus­ trious house, and a Sylph who being enamoured of the Countess appeared in a marvellous vessel, drawn by a Swan of dazzling whiteness, which drew it in traces of silver. " He conversed with this lady several years, and after having had several children by her-he, in the sight of the whole people, at noon day, mounted his aerial chariot and departed." Further information concerning the origin of the name of Clive is taken from another MS. note book, and is here given: c, The name of Clive is of Roman origin, there being Roman citizens of that name who came into Britain with the Caesars, that the name is Roman will be admitted by those who seek for it amongst the different languages of Europe, and consider that its sound and spelling is, and has been, through past ages so consonant with the structure of that language. Few English names have come down to us through a series of eighteen hundred years with so little alteration. It was, however, adopted by the Britons, and the earliest distinct nomination of Clive, a place, is Clive upon the Rhine. Perhaps emigrants fled from Britain to avoid the ravages of the Saxons. The name is emphatically not a Saxon one, as there is no letter " V " in the Saxon alphabet, nor " ive " in their language. During the Saxon times we find many Manors and lordships which had fallen into their hands after the invasion still kept the name of Clive. Certain of these lordships were appropriated by Algar, the son of Leofric, who was the Count of Mercia, Earl of Hereford, and husband of Lady Godiva. Algar's possessions are named Clive in Dugdale's Baronage of England, p. r 1. Sixty-five years later, circa r 145 A.D., as soon as surnames were generally adopted, it is of note that Ganfrid Clive became Bishop of Hereford. Ganverid may be considered to be the connecting link between the Saxon and Norman ages, as before the use of surnames it is hard to say who were Clives, but Ganfrid connects the name with the manors and helps a decision. It seems clear, moreover, that he obtained the name of Clive from a Lordship of Clive, there being no title of that kind amongst the Normans, and as he does not appear to have had any of the Manors at the Survey, he must have taken the name from his father possessing them, he perhaps being about twenty years old at the Survey. I It would appear that sometimes the wolves' heads were used in the shield by the main family (Huxley and Styche), and more often without, with the wolf's head erased as crest instead of the griffin. Mr. W. J. Hemp, of Bod Cywarch, Criccieth, Carnarvonshire, has a shell and silver snuff box with crest and arms : arg. on a fess between three wolves' heads erased sa. three mullets of the field, differenced by a martlett in chief charged with a crescent. Crest, a wolf's head erased quarterly per pale indented (? dancetty) arg. and sa. The differences indicate a second son of a fourth son, which seems to exactly fit Capt. Benjamin Clive, R.N., of the Trident, 1724-1764. The design of the mid 18th century engraving helps to confirm this. See Pedigree, p. 125. 50 PLATE XV

--~-.~·_:-:·-~ ,.,_ .I

...• ., ..• ·. ' :.,-, ·.::··;.•:.~:_ _·--:. ?' •.~ :-::\:::..... 1:-~-~-- ·Cl-eve .__ Cly.ff~> .

'

PEN A~D l~K DRXWI~GS OF SHIELDS OF AR:'.\!S RY ]OHS HE~RY CLIVE h. HIS :MS. BooK, \'ot. 6

John Henry Clive

Algar Herald and their relatives had the Clive Lordship when Ganfrid was born, and it is therefore probable that they were his pro­ genitors. Some seventy years after the Survey, it is recorded that Roger de Romara brought a Lordship of Clive into the family by marrying a daughter of Algar, and from it an Abbey called Clive Abbey was founded, and about the same time Elinore de Clive, whose monument still exists, stood in some relation to the Manor of Clive in Kent. Twenty or thirty years after this their descendants are found having possessions in Kent, Somerset, Northampton and Chester, all of which had formerly been owned by Leofric and his son Algar. After the Norman Conquest and until the fourteenth century none of the Clive families made any great note in history. Reference is made to miscellaneous individuals of the name. Robert Clive seems to have had the greatest possessions in six counties in 1289. Guncelenius Clive received the King's mandate in Kent in 1298, at which time.Galfrid, John. and Henry Clive are recorded as having possessions in Cheshire. Richard Clive was Chancellor of Oxford University about this time, and twenty-five years later Robert Clive became Abbot of Clive Abbey. In 1330 the Cheshire Clives by marriage with the Huxley's settled near Chester and afterwards at Styche, in Shropshire. From this branch of the family sprung the Clives who became celebrated in later times. Sir George Clive and Sir Richard Clive, William Clive. Dean of Chester and Treasurer of York. Mr. Clive was an M.P. in 1646. and Col. Clive commanded in the Parliament Army in 1648, and through whose means the residence of the Clives near Chester was garrisoned during the troublous Civil War. In this connection the following extracts from the Journal of the House of Commons are of interest :- Dated 5th January. 1646. "Ordered that it be referred to the Committee of Complaints to examine the whole business of the 'abuse and insolence done this day to Mr. Clive, a Member of the House, upon the steps coming up to the House," and dated 3rd April. 1648, "ordered that the Grand Committee for taking the accounts of the whole Kingdom constantly to receive perfect and certify the accounts of Col. Clive and others." Several of the Clives appear to have filled situations in Parlia­ ment, Courts of Law, and the Church, but without especial note until 1711, when the noted Mrs. Catherine Clive was born, and in 1726 Robert, Lord Clive whose fame has given lustre to the name. In Vol. 2 of his MSS. note books he begins with the date A.D. 120, which he puts in the first column, and proceeds with Clive entries which he has come across as from 656 until 1785. One of the last which he gives is Richard Clive, comet in Conway's Dragoons in 1764. He made three lists, the second rather fuller than the first, and the third rather fuller still, and this last one gives the reference No. to the fuller notice regarding the person or place

51 John Henry Clive in his other note book, but many of these have reference to Clives and Cliffes of Kent and in places in the south who, as said before, I think may be different in origin from the Cheshire a..."'ld Shropshire family from ,vhom he knew he descended ; we have therefore chosen the second list, as this one refers more particularly-but not entirely-to the Cheshire and Shropshire family, and even this list we have cut down very considerably in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries, as being of little interest to the scheme of this little history of the for bears of the Clive family of North Staffordshire. ARRANGEMENT OF DATES. Anno Domini 120. Ptolemy lived. 214. Antoninus (Itiner) made Emperor of Rome. 422. Romans abandoned Britain-held it 4 76 years. 596. Benedictines came into England. 656. Clive Manor given to Peterborough Cathedral. 790. Bishops Clive Monastery founded. 830. Werherst a Priest had lands in Clive. 888. Bp. Clive's :Monas. given to Worcester. 961. Queen Edyve gave Cleeve to Christ Church. 1059. Goisfrid de Clyve born about this time. 1086. Domesday Book compiled. 1115. Galfridus de Clive, 31st Bishop, Hereford. 1119. Galfridus de Clive died. 1174. · Richard Clive. Bishop of Winchester. 1195. Ade de Cliffe, Mayor of Winchester. 1188. Clive or Clyve Abbey built. 1262. Symon de Clive, Prior of Rochester. 1264. Robertus de Clyve, of Clyve, Northamptonshire. 1273. William de Cliff, Baron, Exchequer. 1286. John Clive and Henry Clive had lands in Kent. John Clive had lands in Huntingdon. 1298. Richard Clive, Chancellor of Oxford Universitv. Galfrid Clyve had lands in Kent. · 1324. Henry de Cliff, Master of the Rolls. 1325. William de la Clyve, of Beghenham. John de Clyve, incum., Bangor. John de Clyve lands restored. 1332. Henry de Clive Huxley married Agnes. Henry de Cliff died. 1334. William de Clyve, Epworth. Thos. and Avice Clyve, Minshull. Thos. fil Thomas de Cleyve, Ch. l\tlinshull. 1336. Thomas Clive, Minshull. 1417. Thomas Cliffe, Sheriff, Chester. 1421. Richard Clive, Bath. 1488. John Cliffe, Sheriff of Chester. 1497. Robert Cliffe, Rector of Tilston, Cheshire. 1498. John Cliffe, Mayor of Chester. 52 John Henry Clive

1530. Jacobus Clyve's name in Tarvin Church. 1534. William Clive, Archdeacon of Cleveland and Precentor of York. 1572. Richard Cliffe, of Huxley, died. 1588. Geo. Clive, of Styche, Knighted in the field. 16o4. Captain Cleve, commanded against the Spaniards. 1610. Robert Clive, of Styche, married Amphlett. 1673. George Clive, of Worm.bridge, Hereford. 1711. Miss Raftor (Mrs. Cath. Clive) born. 1726. Robert, Lord Clive, born. 1732. George Clive married Miss Raftor. 1733. Edward Clive signed a case to be heard in the Lords. 1735. George Clive, of Lincoln's Inn, sworn Cursitor Baron of Exchequer. 1740. George Clive, Exchequer, died. 1742. Edward Clive, M.P. 1753. Baron Clive, made Judge Common Pleas, and Knighted. 1763. George Clive, cousin to Lord Clive, married Miss Bolton. Sir Edward Clive, Judge of Common Pleas, married Miss Judith Clive, cousin to Lord Clive. 1764. Richard Clive, Comet in Conways Dragoons. 1773. Alexander Clive, Vicar of Stockton. 1780. George Clive, brother of Judge Clive, died. 1785. Mrs. Cath. Clive died at Twickenham. [Kitty Clive, the cele­ brated actress.] All the information given in these Note Books was of course for the compilation of his Clive book, of which we gave the headings of the sections of the book from his prospectus, see pp. 39/41. Amongst the family papers, deeds and old letters there is a document headed Theatre. "A List of the Subscribers written up to the r8th September, 1824." This list consisted of 50 subscribers (29 of Hanley and Shelton), of which the first eight are:- R. E. Heathcote, Esq.-Longton Hall. Jno. Tomlinson, Esq.-Cliffville. Josiah Spode, Esq.-Mount. Josiah Spode, junr., Esq.-Fenton. H. H. Williamson, Esq.-Greenway Bank. Jesse Breeze, E~q .-Green Fields. William Adams, Esq .-Cobridge. Mr. Henry Magnus-Etruria. According to an article in the Summer Number of the Staffordshire Sentinel, 1906, it appears that several attempts were made to establish a Theatre in the Potteries, before complete success was achieved.

53 John Henry Clive

There is a small sheet of paper with the foregoing list, dated 15th August, 1820, which we think may have reference to the original attempt. The five signatures are:- H. H. Williamson (Greenway Bank). John Wood (Brownhills). John Henry Clive (Newfield). Joseph Brindley (Longport). 1 Thomas Cox •

In February, r824, a meeting ·was held in the Swan Inn, Hanley, when Mr. Griffin (a well-known local solicitor) read to the subscribers a scheme for the erecting of a Theatre, when Mr. Josiah Spode moved the appointment of a Committee, but it appears that the first application for a theatrical licence was not made until twelve years later, when a building was secured in Brunswick Street, Hanley, which had previously been a Primitive Methodist Chapel. It was called the Potteries Royal Theatre, for seating 1,800 persons. In the fifties the lessee of the house was Mr. Richard Thorne, who had previously held a similar position in connection with the London Pavilion. Mrs. Sarah Thorne, the lessee's wife, was

1 Thomas Cox may be the Thomas Cox who appears in Parson & Bradshaw•s Directory of 1818 as having a shoe warehouse in Hanley.

54 Premium Duty

------I I

_._ { . . " ,,, ..·:, _; ., , •... . ·. ••• Id I ,r . ,',':'{ ,>.,t-~ L llIRI\IINGHA!\I FIRE OFFICE CERTIFIC.\l'E

John Henry Clive well known in the theatrical world. Another lessee was Mr. J arnes Rodgers, before Mr. James H. Elphinstone came upon the scene to make it the great success it has been since the early seventies. The Potteries Royal Theatre-later called The Theatre Royal, Hanley (in Piccadilly )-was the first in the North Staffordshire Potteries, but not the first in the district, for the Theatre in Newcastle-under-Lyme was founded in 1784, and was very successful for at least a hundred years. Many famous actors and actresses have performed in both Theatres. Amongst John Henry Clive's papers are two receipts for premiums paid to the Birmingham Fire Office, policy No. 9639, dated 25th March, 1818, and the premium on £2,375 was £3 3s., while the duty was £3 11s. 3d., and it was received from John Wood and John Henry Clive, the Burslem agent for the Insurance Company being Jno. Ward, Burslem. I don't find Wood and Clive in any directory of the period suggesting that such a combination of names was interested in any pottery, colliery or any other activity, but it is suggested that as John Wood (of Brownhills) and John Henry Clive are two of those persons given in the 15th August, 1820, list, it may have reference to the first attempt at the Potteries Theatre. It is interesting to observe the amount of duty that had to be paid in those days on Fire Insurance. Stamps upon Policies of Insurance were first imposed in 1694, and were increased or decreased according to the needs of the National Exchequer. These were onerous enough, but in 1782 an annual duty was imposed at the rate of one shilling and sixpence for each hundred pounds insured. In 1804 the rate was increased to two shillings and sixpence per cent., and in 1815 to three shillings. In 1865 it was reduced to one shilling and sixpence, and the stamps on policies to one penny. In 1869 the percentage duty on Fire Insurance was abolished altogether. The Birmingham Fire Office was founded in Birmingham in 1805 ; absorbed by the " Lancashire " in 1867 ; which, in its turn, was absorbed by the " Royal " in 1901. In 1825 Clive drew up a plan or drawing of an instrument intended to facilitate the finding of true longitude at sea. Plate XVII is a copy of his drawing, and we give Professor Sir Geoffrey Callender's (National Maritime Museum, Greenwich) explanations and comments upon it as follows:- 55 John Henry Clive

INSTRUMENT BY "Mr. J. H. CLIVE AND ANOTHER," 1825. This is a very ingenious double-sextant for observing "lunar distances" for obtaining a ship's longitude on the high seas. The method of lunar distances, first introduced by Nevil Maskelyne (Astronomer-Royal from 1767 to 1811) in 1763, was in considerable use afloat for many years, but gradually lost favour. It received its death-blow in 1907, when the "Nautical Almanac" ceased to publish ready-computed distances. It differed from the chronometer method of finding longitude in that it gave an absolute measure of Greenwich Time (for comparison with the ship's "Local Time"). and not one which was affected by any alteration in the chronometer's rate of going. Broadly, its principle was this. The Moon's motion in the heavens-some 12½0 in 24 hours-is quite obvious: and, if her motion (which is not absolutely uniform) be known with sufficient accuracy, tables can be drawn up forecasting her position in the heavens, and also her angular distance-as observed on some standard meridian-from suitable fixed stars. These distances can also be observed on board ship ; and, by interpolation, the Greenwich time corresponding with the observed distance can be taken ~ut of the tables. The local time of observing such "lunar distances" can be obtained by the ordinary observations-and the difference between the Greenwich and local times gives. of course, the ship's longitude. When Maskelyne, in 1767, founded the "Nautical Almanac," he printed in it, for the first time in the history of navigation, lunar distances of the Sun, and of seven selected stars, computed, at three-hour intervals, for the meridian of Greenwich. The diagram, Plate XVII, shows the element! of a lunar observation. It was customary for one observer, holding his sextant with the graduated limb horizontal, or nearly so, to measure the angular distance SM between moon and star-and at the same time, for another observer to measure the angular distance MH between moon and horizon. The former angle, after careful reduction (a process known as '' clearing the lunar distance") afforded, by comparison with the data in the" Nautical Almanac," the Greenwich time of the observation-the latter, similarly cleared of errors, could be made to afford the ship's local time. The difference of the two times gave, at the rate of 15° per hour, her longitude E. or W. of Greenwich. In this double observation, it will be noticed that the sextants held by the two observers are more or less at right-angles with each other. Mr. Clive, in effect, mounts two sextants in a single frame and enables one observer to take both observations simultaneously, the clamp-screw of the arm C, sliding along the arc Q, being used to ensure that the plane of the "Quadrant of Distance" coincides with the line SM (above) while that of the " Quadrant of Altitude " coincides with the line MH-or, in other words, with the vertical. The optical details would require careful arrangement; but, in theory, it would be quite possible for a single 9bserver, in fairly calm weather, to bring the star, the moon's limb, and the sea-horizon into the same field of view. The main practical defect of such an instrument would be the mental strain it imposed on the observer-the moon's motion being, in general, inclined both to the horizontal and the vertical. Even handling ~~ -~~d: ✓, y --/~J',­ ~~ ~ hv.~~--7& ~~ ~ ~ ~~~~~- ~:d~ ~~7~~~✓ ~4--4§~.

~-,

PLATE XVII

M

Diagram mentioned on Page 56.

] ohn Henry Clive but one sextant at a time, it is quite difficult to measure a lunar distance accurately-and an inaccurate measure is of no use whatever: owing to the moon's comparatively slow motion an error of only 1' of arc produces one of roughly 30' of longitude in the result. And, furthermore, such an instrument would be, of necessity, both heavy and bulky-hence, extremely liable to accidental damage, hard to handle, and difficult to case. It would, also, be considerably more expensive than the ordinary sextant. If tried at sea, there is little doubt that the verdict would have been: "It is better, and simpler, to use two sextants, and two observers." Clive bought, on the 17th October, 1827,1 a small property called the Bridestones, in Biddulph, which lies on the border­ line of Staffordshire and Cheshire, and upon which there lie the remains of the pre-historic megalithic monument known 2 as the Bridestones. · Pitt, in his History of Staffordshire, p. 351, describes the Bridestones in 1811, as then consisting of eight upright freestone, two of which stand within a semi-circle formed by the other six. Harwood's Erdeswick similarly describes it, and within Biddulph. Ward, in his History of Stoke-upon-Trent, gives a full description of it, "for a better understanding of this curious Druidical relic," he gives a plan of it, pp. 3 and 4. The tallest stone measures a little over 9 feet high. We give a copy of a letter Clive wrote to his friend, and solicitor, Francis Stanier, of Newcastle-under-Lyme, con­ cerning this property which stood within one hundred yards of the main road, being three miles from Congleton. This property came into the hands of Clive's son-in-law, Henry Meir/ who built a house near by, in which he and his wife and family and grandchildren came to stay in the summer months. There was also good shooting to be got in the season. These megalithic remains are on the back of the hill called Cloud, from which a splendid view of the plain of Cheshire can be had. A very healthy spot. Arthur Clive Meir, son of Henry Meir and Mary (Clive) his wife, sold the property some fifty years ago. 4 Mr. Henry Meir had purchased other land to make the estate more complete. Ward (p. 3) rightly says that Staffordshire people formerly claimed the Bridestones as

1 ~ shown by the deeds In possession of the present owner, Mr. H. Nadin. Clive bought from a Mr. Samuel Bailey. 2 Vide Trans. North Staffs. Field Club, vol. 1911-12. pp. 155-160. 3 John Henry Clive sold to his son-in-law, Henry Meir, -4th September, 1846. 4 Mr. Nadin is now the owner of the Bridestones. Mrs. Nadin has kindly given ma information on the subject from their deeds. It appears that Arthur Clive Meir, Henry William Ackrill (solicitor) and Robert Clement Clive, then of Lawton, Cheshire, executors of the late Henry Meir, sold the propertyJor £8,000 in 1879 (10th June) to Mr. Abner Dale.

57 John Henry Clive

\vithin Biddulph in Staffordshire, " but has lately (1843) been challenged by those of Cheshire as belonging to Bug Lawton and as such enclosed from the open common." Cheshire certainly seems now to claim it as being in that county, 1 and an interesting Preliminary Survey of the Bride­ stones, Congleton, appeared in the Transactions of the Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian Society, vol. LIII, with illustrations and plans. The Bridestones have recently come under the protection of the Ancient Monument Board, with a view to restoring it as far as possible to its former state. Unfortunately, in Mr. Meir's day, some few stones were brought to his home at Tunstall, and again removed to Tunstall Park ; these have now been restored. John Henry Clive's letter above referred to, written in the formal way of the period, is here given:-

BATHWICK HILL; BATH. December 4th, I 840. To F. Stanier, Esq. Dear Sir, It having this day come to my knowledge that you are concerned in enclosing the waste lands in" over Biddulph," I trouble you with the following statement in case it should relate to that enclosure. About fourteen years ago I purchased the Equity of Redemption of a small property called Bridestones. It was formerly waste in Rushton-Spencer, and the title originates in the award of the Commn. of enclosure which award states the boundary to be the Congleton Road-and directs the owner to maintain the fence against the Congleton Road, which has ever been done. The Biddulph Freeholders some years since asserted a claim to a slip of land within this boundary, which would destroy my frontage to the Congleton Road. I trust I shall not be put to the expense of defending my title against a Parish since the passing of 6 and 7 Willm, 4 Cap. I 15, sec. 22, which I suppose is under your notice, viz. : Be it enacted that all lands which have been enclosed from the open fields or any of them for more than 20 years next preceding the date of the agreement for such enclosure shall be deemed and taken to be ancient enclosures. I do not know the date of the Act, but probably 60 to 80 years ago. I am, Dear Sir, Yours truly, J. H. CLIVE. Before we leave the subject of the Bridestones property, it might be well to mention that on the 6th July, 1828, a Mr. J. F. Williams, of Newcastle-under-Lyme, wrote to the Stafford­ shire Advertiser that he, with John Bateman (Knypersley

1 Mr. R. Biddulph, of Knypersley, says the County Boundaries were straightened In 1764. 58 PLATE XVIII

~THE RRIDE,.,SIONBS BIDDULf.H~

John Henry Clive

Hall), Hugh Henshall Williamson (Greenway Bank), and Captain Ferneyhough visited the Bridestones "a few days since" when two locals were met with. One was a man occupy­ ing a small farm adjoining the Bridestones, and the other was one of the Biddulph ~foorlanders who said he had lately bought the site. According to the correspondent, Mr. H. H. Williamson "there and then" bought the site from the Moorlander. Mr. Williams must certainly have got a little mixed here, unless the Moorlander was Samuel Bailey, but he, as already stated, had sold to Mr. John Henry Clive on the I7th October, I827. The date of the Staffordshire Advertiser is 12th July, I828. There was a cottage at the Bridestones on or about the site on which the larger house was built by Clive's son-in-law, Henry Meir. Clive seems to have been able to enjoy visits to various places. Here is a letter addressed to him at No. 6, Polygon Clifton, Hotwells, Bristol, from Alcock's Bank, Burslem, concerning business arrangements. The posting place for letters was then at Newcastle for the Potteries, and this letter is so postmarked :- COMMERCIAL BANK, BURSLEM, 17th February, 1840. J. H. Clive, Esq. Sir, We beg to acknowledge the receipt of your parcel containing a conveyance from William Sneyd, Esq., to you of several plots of land and dwelling-houses situate at Tunstall, dated the 23rd and 24th December, 1824, also a conveyance from Samuel Bailey and his Trustee to you of the equity of redemption of a house and land at Rushton Spencer dated the 17th and 18th October, 1827, which we shall hold as collateral security for any advances made, or to be made, by us on your banking account, conformably with your letters of the 12th and 13th inst. \Ve also beg to acknowledge the receipt of Bill on Mr. Edward Fenton for £90 2s. to your credit. We remain, Sir, Your most obedient servants, J. J. & G. ALCOCK. We now give the Notes on John Henry Clive's Essay "ON THE ORIGIN AND USE OF NAMES." Thirty pages reduced to eight by his great-grandson, Col. Harry Clive, of Willoughbridge. During his search for the origin of the name of " Clive," which he finally established to his own satisfaction, John Henry Clive came across many curious incidents and occur-

59 John Henry Clive rences which impelled him to write his Essay "on the Origin and use of Names," which he begins as follows:- " Names in the primitive ages of the world, were not appellations given capriciously or at random, such as we generally find them in modern times, but were intended as indexes to the powers or qualities possessed or intended, or desired to be possessed, by those who bore them, and this usage seems to have prevailed in all nations and languages." He gives as instances Eve (Life) ; Jacob (a Supplanter) ; Jesus (a Saviour). At first it seems that men possessed only one name, and Camden. in his Remaines of Britaine, is quoted :- " Everie person had in the beginning only one proper name. whether J ewes, Egiptians, Germans, Chaldaens, Medians, Grecians. Romans, Gaules, Britaines, English, likewise all other nations except savages of Mount Atlas in Barbarie which were reported to be both nameless and dreamlesse," and this one name, people were desirous of perpetuating either in their own posterity or transferring it to inanimate objects or places to give it a more lasting duration. In support of this " Potter " is quoted in his A rchaelogia Gt-aeca, vol. 1, para 3 :- " The primitive Athenians were called Jaones and their country Jonia from Javan the fourth son of Japheth, who is said to have come into Greece and seated himself in Attica," and again this time from the Bible :- " And Cain builded a City and called the name of the City after the name of his son, Enoch " (Genesis, 4 c., 17 v. ). This is the earliest city on record. The Continuance of posterity and a name was a promised blessing. Psalm 72, v. 17: "His name shall endure for ever. He shall be as a son to continue his father's name for ever." That the name of anyone should perish sometimes implied a heavy curse. "Let his posterity be destroyed and in the next generation let his name be clean put out."-(Psalm 109, v. 12). And so much importance was attached to the continuation of a genealogical line, or name by descent, that a most curious law was established by divine authority, to enforce such a succession:- " If brethren dwell together and one of them die and have no child the wife of the dead shall not marry without unto a stranger. Her husband's brother shall take her unto him to wife, and the first-born that she beareth shall succeed in the name of his brother which is dead that his name be not put out of Israel" .-(Deut., 25th Chap., vs. 5 and 6). Descending from these records of the Jewish Nation (which are the earliest the world has to produce) to the custom and manner of Greece and Rome, we find many of the same usages prevailed amongst them respecting names. Plutarch speaks of the Grecian and Roman method of imposing names from some particular action-fortune, shape, feature or virtue, 60 John Henry Clive of those who bore them, and Herodotus gives many instances of the magic of a name amongst the ancients. '\Vhen Augustus was proceeding to the battle of Actium he met a man named Eutychus (fortunate) driving an ass named Nicon (victory). He accepted this as a favourable omen, and after his conquest of Anthony he constructed a temple in which he placed the figures of both Eutychus and Nicon. Instances of a similar kind were abundant. The Greeks almost universally had only one name, but the Romans introduced additional or surnames. giving three and even four names on particular occasions, viz., the Prenomen, Nomen, Cognomen, and sometimes the Agnomen. The Cognomen of the Roman family of Clive was Saxula. " The prenomen answers to our Christian name. The nomen was the name of a Family or House with all its branches as our surnames. The cognomen distinguis_hed the different branches of the same house, and, as likewise the agnomen, was often given on some particular occasion and taken from a place or illustrious action (Rollin's Rom. Hist., vol. 2, p. 104). Scipio was the first to assume the name of the nation he had conquered 210 years before the Christian Era. Amongst the enlightened and luxurious Roman nation a curious practice obtained place:- " All the Romans, who had any pretentions to honour, kept slaves called nomenclatores in their houses whose sole occupation was to learn the names of the Citizens, their fortune, their rank and their connections, and to distinguish these persons at first sight, in order to inform their masters by a whisper, and enable them to salute them with an air of acquaintance, to shake hands and talk familiarly with them when they met them in the street.''-(Darnay P.L.R., p. 47). Thus during the first periods of association of a community one name appears sufficient to distinguish its individuals. The early Britons, the Goths, the Saxons generally used only one name, and that one, as we have already seen, commonly indicative of some quality of mind or body. The ancient Britons are said to- have taken their names from colours because they painted themselves, which names are now obscured. They also adopted a variety of other names of significant meaning which still remain in use, e.g., Powis (rest, settled). When they were subdued by the Romans, they took Roman names, which still remain. The Saxons introduced German names, the Danes too brought with them names. The Norman Conquest occasioned the bringing of other German names such as Robert, Hugh, Richard, William, Henry. After the Conquest, many disliking the foreign names as unlucky, began to take Hebrew names such as Matthew, David. The following are some of the Grecian and Roman proper names retained with little alteration by the Saxons (though the Saxons changed or altered the names of many places and things), and used to this day, viz. : Christian, Elias, Felix, Peter and Victor. After the introduction of Christianity amongst the Saxons, it seems parents were obliged by law to have their children baptised and named, and names were constantly given to them expressive of some virtue or 61 John Henry Clive good quality, such as Aelfred (all peace), Alwyne (beloved by all). Alfricius, a learned Archbishop of Canterbury about A.D. 1000, wrote a Grammar in which are many Anglo-Saxon proper names with their significations. I select a few-Eadger (happy honour), Foulke (people), Gryffith (strong faithed), Leonard (lion like), Norman (Northman), Oswald (house ruler), Robert (famous in council), Roger (quiet), Walter (governor), William (much defence), Willifred (much peace). After assuming names themselves, we find the Anglo-Saxons commonly transferring them to their possessions ; Algar, Earl of Mercia, A.D. 870, lived at Algarkirk ; Wybert, one of his seneschals, lived at Wyberton. The Doomsday Book (Dom boc, the doom or judgment book) abounds with names of places derived from Roman and Saxon names of persons. Hadeclive--Heath of Clive ; Grimesbi-habitation of Grim ; Haroldstorp-village of Harold ; Ossulton-Osulf town. Whitaker, the learned author of the Histo-ry of Whalley, p. 29, says that almost all local place names amongst the Saxons were formed from those of their first possessors, but after the Conquest a contrary process took place, and men were generally denominated from places. Saxon nobles who were permitted to retain their lands often became ashamed of the names of their ancestors and gave their children Norman names; thus, Wlfword, surnamed Henry, Henry and Hugh, two sons of Leofwine. There is scarcely a village in Normandy but has given its name to some family in England. Names of the first rank and order were those taken from lands and possessions situate both in Normandy, England and Scotland. Greater men assumed the names of their seignneuries or baronies, and lesser of their Townships or Manors. In the "Genealogie of Ye H ous and SuYname of Setoun, to ye moneth of Marche ye Year of God, 1561 years; set forth and collected" is the following passage :- u Heir we collect tua things, ane is, yat he was ane gentleman yat receavit first ye surname, becaus ye King gave surnams to name bot gentlemen. And secundlie yat he was lawdit becaus he tooke ye surname be reasone of ye lands quhilk he possessit for ye time, as said is," p. I2. Although surnames were occasionally used by the Hebrews to con­ ceal their own name, or enlarge their significance, and also by the Anglo­ Saxons, they did not become hereditary until towards the 11th century. In a Parliament held at Forfar, A.D. 1061, surnames were appointed to be used in Scotland-they were unknown in France before A.D. 987, when the Lords began to assume the name of their demesnes. They began to be taken up about A.D. 1000. Surnames about this period were becoming of so much importance that a man was considered of mean condition or ignoble unless he could rightfully claim a territorial or high official surname. A curious story is told in Robert of Gloucester's Chronicle, where the daughter of Fitz Hamon would not marry the King's son (Henry Ist) because he had but one name Robert upon which the King surnamed him Fitz Roy, which is a remarkable instance of the growing importance John Henry Clive of surnames. The descendants of these Territorial Lords were styled Gentlemen because they sprung from ancestors having a family name in addition to their baptismal one. "The word gentil-homme, which is now used in so vague a sense, was anciently applied as a distinction from Simple-homme, one whose name was T komas or J okn, who had no surname, but he who had a surname, or family name, from the word gens (family) was styled a gentil homme or gentleman."-(Harwood's Lichfield, p. 407). Sometimes a man appears to have had two surnames, the latter name being added for his residence or to distinguish him from another of the same family, as Hugh de Dover de Chitham, Sheriff of Kent, A.D. 1162, and Walter de Clyve de Farelegh, A.D. 1275.-(Hundred Rolls, vol. 2, p. 218). These observations show the origin of local names of the first order, or such as prevailed amongst the Nobles and great landowners about the time of the Conquest, many of which have come down to our own times, but there is a secondary order of local names which began to pre­ vail a few ages after the Norman Invasion-that of taking names from towns where people had been educated, or brought up, such as William de London, Robert of Gloucester, etc. I have observed in my readings that certain names prevailed or were fashionable for a number of years, and then the use of them declined, giving place to other favourite names. Adam was much in vogue in the 13th century. I have read that on a grand day of entertainment in the Court of King Henry 2nd, A.D. 1173, when Sir William Saint John and Sir William Fitz Hamon had commanded that none but the name of William should dine in the great chamber with them, they were accom­ panied with 120 Williams-all Knights, for the Norman Conqueror gave credit to illegitimacy as well as to the name he bore. The next order of surnames is that derived from offices and employ­ ments. No doubt many men of talent, but of little or no land, were desirous of having or owning a surname to keep pace with the fashion of the times, and to be acknowledged of gentlemanly condition, as we have before seen that it was considered mean to be "withouten tuo name.'' As the particle de could not with propriety be affixed the word le was substituted. The Winton Dom' Boe '; Ayloffe's Ancient Charters ; The Monasticon ; Madox's Formulare, and other such works are all in agreement with this. Instances of the names that have so descended to us are Clerk, Parson, Steward, Butler, Parker, Falconer, \Vard, Reeve, Marshall, Hunter, etc. I have seen many instances in Saxon writings, but they did not become hereditary. In course of time, perhaps two hundred years later, after the Conquest, artificers and workmen, in imitation of their superior~ in rank, took surnames from the names of their trades in lieu of their ancient names of Richardson, Johnson, Dickson, v\Tilliamson, Robertson, as all names ending in son denoted the owners to be of humbler or ignoble origin in this Kingdom. Wat }E; Tyler, the well-known rebel, furnishes a prominent instance of this kind of name. John Henry Clive

., One of the exactors of the Poll Tax coming to the house of Wat Tyler at Dartford, in Kent, demanded of Tyler's wife a groat piece, her husband being at work in the town Tyling a house, hearing of it, taking his lathing staff in his hand ran home and gave the collector such a home blow with his lathing staff that his brains flew out of his head.u-(Burton's Historical Remayques, p. 31). This happened about A.D. 1381, but long before this I find such names in general use and hereditary. Amongst the Rolls of Parliament, for years 1297 and 1301 is a copy of a most curious and antique docu­ ment. It is a taxation of the Citizens of Colchester. In it we may trace names to their shops and occupations as before we have done to their domains_ Humphrey Tanner, William le Potter, Agnes Miller, Adam Lym.ebumer, Robert le Glazier, Peter le Comber, Richard Carpenter cannot be mistaken. This ancient record shows that names derived from occupations were then becoming hereditary, as there is Adam le Shepherd no longer with his flock but, become a mariner. Most of the names of this description have come down to our days, though I lately found in an ancient charter, "Johanne de Tymbermonger," which I cannot trace in any modem name. The Tilewrights of remote ages still exist in the present name of Tellwright. " The descendants of the original Saxon Tilewrights are probably still seated (where such a family has for many centuries at least been seated) in the neighbourhood of Burslem (Staffordshire), under the modern name of Tellwright."-(Potter's Arl, p. 77). In the annals of Croxden Abbey. Co. Stafford, 1329, I find Parci de Oke, Willielus Carpenter, Thome le Boys, so I presume that these men were hereditary carpenters and woodmen who had no surnames but those of their trades. Two of the longest names that have come under my notice are of William de Wynntteworthwodehus and Edmundus Dimidiisfranceisus. Another order of names originated from nicknames such as Shufflebotham, Hogsflesh. Towards the latter end of the 14th Century surnames were so established in law that no man could be outlawed unless his surname was in the record.-{Colton's Records, p. 192). In the 15th Century, owing to the Civil Wars changing ownership of property, the particles De, Atte and Le, which always gave an indica­ tion of the origin of the names to which they prefixed, ceased to be used except such as were incorporated with the name and have become an integral part of it, as Attwood, Duval, Legrand, Lescot, Lepage. One of the later changes of importance was that of giving two Christian names before the surname, and sometimes a surname instead of a Christian name. This occurrence was very rare in Camden's time, A.D. 1605. Had that clever writer lived some years later, during the troubles of the Commonwealth, he would have been surprised at the freak names adopted such as "Praise-God-Barebones," etc. On the whole names may be taken as a very faithful guide to the origin of families in this Kingdom, and the public records, which are storehouses of ancient family biography, well show the variation in John Henry Clive spelling the same names at various periods, and often give a correct clue to the true origin of a corrupted orthography. Harding, which agreeably to a Saxon usage, might be supposed to mean the son of Hard. can be traced by many small changes up to Hawarden, which is a common name on the Cheshire and Flintshire border, and to this day is pronounced Hardin. J. H. Clive was evidently a student of Saxon writings, for he quotes at great length from such authorities as Strutt's Chronicles, S. Turner's Anglo Sax, Simondi Hist. des Francais and Camden's Remaines-all of which seem to infer that although the Anglo-Saxons did use surnames before the Conquest, they were personal distinctions, and these surnames did not descend to the children and become family names as was usual after the Norman Conquest. After warning his readers that authors in translating Saxon Manuscripts have too often given that appellation the appearance of a surname to modem eyes, which in the original was not meant for one, he gives several pages of the exact copies of Saxon writings together with the translation thereof to prove his point. He was also a student of the aboriginal language of this Island, that of the CYMRY : as also he was of the " parent tongue of the Latin "-whatever that parent tongue may be. Finis.

Clive wrote a skit in December, 1832, on the Parliamentary election of Stoke-upon-Trent. In the first draft of the Reform Bill, the Staffordshire Potteries was omitted from being represented, but soon afterwards the oversight was corrected, and the district was down for a single Member. However, by the request of the inhabitants, Government was induced to admit the " Borough of Stoke-upon-Trent to the honour of returning two Members, the polling places being Burslem, Hanley, Stoke and Lane End." The candidates were Josiah Wedgwood (the second of that name), of Etruria; John Davenport, of Longport; Mr. Richard Edensor Heathcote, of Longton Hall; and Mr. George Miles Mason, of Fenton. Josiah Wedgwood lived at Maer Hall ; Richard Edensor Heathcote at Longton Hall ; John Davenport at Westwood Hall, Leek, and George Miles Mason at Wetley Abbey, near Wetley Rocks. John Henry Clive

We gather from Ward's History of Stoke-on-Trent and other sources that the first election of members for the Borough was fixed for Monday the 10th December, 1832, and the polling took place on the fallowing two days. All four candidates were professed friends of reform, though the latter two of the names given above were deemed more decidedly so than the former, and Mr. Davenport less so than any of the others. Wedgwood (Whig) and Davenport (Tory) were returned. Josiah Wedgwood securing 822 votes; Davenport 625; Heathcote 588 and Mason 232. The whole number of electors who polled being 1,175. As we gather from Clive's "skit," the first election did not pass off very peaceably, for on the day of nomination at Stoke missiles were thrown, and the candidates and their friends were driven from the hustings. On the polling days the windows of the Crown and Anchor, Lane End, where Mr. Davenport's committee sat, were smashed, and Mr. Davenport is said to have owed his safety to the more respect­ able friends of the adverse candidates. Mr. Davenport's manu­ factory was attacked at night by a lawless mob, and so were some of the houses of his friends. There was another election in 1835, for Sir Robert Peels' administration only lasted three years. An election for the Borough of Stoke-on-Trent took place on Tuesday, January 6th, 1835, when Mr. Heathcote and Mr. Davenport, both Conservative, were elected without opposition. Here is the Chronicle, very neatly written by John Henry Clive in a small leather bound book, dated December, r832. The key to the pseudonyms are as follows:- Willy the King .King William IV. Grady the Minister The Earl Grey Welly the Chief Captain The Duke of Wellington Melly the Scribe Lord Melbourne Waidee Josiah Wedgwood Haidee Richard Edensor Heathcote Daidee John Davenport Maidee George Miles Mason Hill of Gold Goldenhill Hill Top Chell

66 · John Henry Clive THE BOOK OF THE CHRONICLES OF THE BOROUGH OF STOKE-UPON-TRENT.

CHAPTER 1st.

1. And it came to pass in the days of Willy the King, Grady the Minister, Welly the Chief Captain and Melly the Scribe that there was a great clamour in the land. 2. And there was tumult in the provinces and meetings and debatings and bickerings and fightings because a voice from the land where there dwelled no people, and where the people aoounded there was no voice, but the voice of discontent. 3. So the King sent letters, and caused proclamations to be made throughout the whole land, that certain little great ones should be chosen from amongst the people, and sent up to the City of the King, and he would have counsel of them. 4. And it was done even as the King commanded, and there was a mighty stir amongst the Nobles and Governors, and great little men and little great men, and Bankers and Merchants and Inn­ keepers and Horsekeepers and Carkeepers, like as to the sea in a great tempest. 5. And no one could be still by reason of the great rolling and motion thereof- 6. And the King's letters came to the Borough of Stoke-upon-Trent, which was aforetime but a very little place, and the dwellers therein were poor, and they were makers of brown " Tigs " and butter pots-lo ! it is written in the book of Plot the historian. 7. But they heard of white clays being in the west, and flint in the east, and they procured ships to bring them by sea to the north, and many mules burthens brought they thence, and wrought cunningly thereon. 8. And the sire of W aidee was a mighty man among them. 9. And they digged great pits in their own land and found coal and burned their clays therewith, and they thrived and multiplied exceeding!y. 10. Now many little great ones had arisen up among them, and said. II. Now will we be like unto the rest of our brethren in the land. 12. And the King's letters contented them, and they strove which of them should be sent up to the City of the King. 13. And there dwelled one by the waters of the south, just above the passage of the stream, and his name was H aidee. 14. And he was of an ancient and good stock, learned in all the learning of the Colleges, moreover, he had the gift of ready utterance and was of a good countenance. 15. Albeit, he had spied out the land before, wherefore some doubted of him, nevertheless the desires of many were turned towards him. 16. And he, knowing their thoughts (for they were declared unto him), communed with himself and said- 17. I will arise and go through the land, from the waters of my own domain to the mines of the north, and I will say unto the people- 18. Have I not been a reformer from my youth up? What though I joined myself with the people of Coventry? Were they not the spoil of my silver and of my gold? John Henry Clive

19. Are they not a stiff-necked and venal race? Did I not make them the firstlings of my strength ? I tried my skill upon them. 20. But ye are my own people, and chosen of my dwelling ; the asso­ ciates of my youth are amongst you. 21. Shall I not be unto you as a brother, and ye will be to me as the apple of my eye. 22. And they will hearken to my voice, and I shall be selected to represent them in the council of the great King. 23. And he did all he had settled in his heart to do, and many clave unto him. 24. Nevertheless, divers men of the North departed from him, and his soul was grieved thereat, but they are a back-sliding people, and I have no pleasure at all in them, saith the scribe. 25. And it came to pass that many of these things were told to Waidee, whose dwelling is by the western lake., as thou journeyest towards a place called the Loggerheads. 26. And he sought in his heart to be the chosen of his brethren, and h~ communed with himself and was still, for he was getting old. 27. And he said within his own heart : Is not the remembrance of my father amongst them ? They are not an ungrateful race. I will speak unto them, and he did so. 28. And they remembered his father and his own good deeds, and how that he had pleaded for reform since his youth, and they yearned towards him. 29. And they would not hearken when it was said that he was a Unitarian and denied the divinity of Christ. 30. Being therefore no Christian, which is a sore evil, but they remem­ bered his charity, and it covered a multitude of sins. CHAPTER 2nd. 1. And one called Daidee was dwelling at this time in the City of the King, and when proclamation was made in the city he heard thereof. 2. And he said within himself : I will go down into the land of my nativity. I will become one of the great ones there ; my name shall be heard from generation to generation, and his heart was greatly puffed up. 3. Now Daidee was a man of cunningly devised inventions. More­ over., he was very rich, and wary withal, and he communed with his own spirit and said- 4· Do I not know that I am not liked in the land of my birth, but they are a people given to filthy lucre. I will open the store houses of my wealth. I will unlock my treasures unto them and they will look upon my face as upon the face of an angel. 5. For my wealth has greatly increased among them, and they know of it and envy, but how could they help it, for I am more cunning than they. 6. So he called those of his household, and he instructed them and wrote letters to hi:) servants and sent messages to his dependents in the land of his fathers, even by the brook of the Trent. 7. And the men which drove fleet horses carried the letters, and they tarried not night or day until they had delivered them. 8. Then was there a great cry along the waters of the Trent, even from the lowest valley thereof until thou reachest the hill of gold, and many called upon the name of Daidee. 68 John Henry Clive

9. And many little great men, and lesser great men and would-be-at­ least thought great men congregated together and devised various devices and wrote divers writings. 10. And the walls of the temples and of the habitations and of the barns and of the pigsties were reddened and blackened, and men went amazedly about from one place to another, and clamour increased. 11. Then did hypocrisy and deceit and lies and false promises stalk openly abroad in the sight of all the people, and they wondered not. 12. And the carman shook hands with his master, and .the tinker and the banker consorted together, and the dandy seated himself in a cabin with the sweep, and the parson and the squire and the doctor together, and any fool with a vote might lead them. 13. Until they had drawn a net over him, then was the spirit of the King's letter destroyed, for they said to the poor man- 14. Have I not been thy friend, am I not thy landlord or thy master, lo, such a one,. vote -thou for him, and he dared not refuse. 15. Thus bribery (and intimidation) was aforetime, is now, and ever will be years to an end- 16. Then said Daidee to his son: Son, hear my voice. Go thou, my son, and join thy self to the Union which thou knowest I have abhorred all my life. 17. For thou art but a young man, and thy ways are not all known, and many votes shall be drawn unto me. 18. And his son did as he was commanded, and joined himself to the Union. 19. And with banners and with trumpets and with drums, and with all sorts of music became one of them, and many radicals followed him, crying out Daidee for ever. 20. But some were sore displeased, and great wrath came over them, and they cried in the lanes and in the fields and in the houses treachery, treachery, treachery, with a sore and bitter cry. 21. And there was one amongst them, a man of great noise and travel, one who often purged the land, albeit he was a man of small stature. 22. His dwelling is as thou goest from the waters of the west to the great road which leadeth to the hill of gold. 23. Moreover, thou mayest often meet him as thou journeyest on thy way, for his feet speedeth to those who have need of him. 24. And he shaved his hair and put a covering on his head and broad cloth on his loins and went from house to house and said- 25. Daidee has befouled the cradle in which he was rocked, nay, he has burned it. 26. I will forsake him, I will forsake him, for he has forsaken me. 27. 0 ye reformers, reformers, reformers, ye are rogues and black­ guards and scamps and vagabonds and radicals and revolutionists. 28. Ye should all be sent to the fire of hell, would that ye had only one neck and it were noosed by a triple cord in my hand, how would I glut my vengeance upon ye- 29. So he raved exceedingly that it was dangerous for a peaceable man to approach unto him until his wrath was overpassed and then they might la.ugh together. 69 ] ohn Henry Clive

Moreover, he went to the poor man's house, and with a smiling face he took him by the hand, and with half reported speeches he beguiled him, saying- 31. Lo ! such a one is the poor man's friend, vote thou for him, behold. he is a reformer, whilst reform was as bitter ashes in his mouth and a change of things as gall and wormwood. 32. Although none knoweth better than he that abstinence relieves repletion of the belly. and that boiled meal healeth inflammation of wine. For his leech-craft is good for the nation's subjects, and very honest withal, though for the national disease he careth not - indeed. he knoweth not of it, he will not believe that such a thing is. CHAPTER 3rd. I. 0 Albion, Albion, Albion! More than fifty years have I known thee, and thou hast been a nursing mother to me. and I have sucked of thy milk. 2. But in all that time thou hast lived luxuriously, borrowing and spending and spending and borrowing and not repaying. 3. And clothing thyself sumptuous]y and careering gorgeously, lifting thyself up above the mighty ones of the earth. 4. And saying who is like unto me among the nations, but for all this thou shalt be visited, saith the scribe. 5. Thinkest thou that thou canst thus live for ages to come, borrowing and spending and spending and borrowing and not repaying. 6. Believe it or not, Reform in time lest the days come when thy creditors seize thee by the throat and thine enemies encompass thee on every side. 7. And thy children cannot save thee, not even with their blood, for their blood is the portion of the destroyer. 8. And they dash thy babes against the stones, and puny nations which thou hast despised lift up their hands and say: How is the mighty fallen ! 9. Reform, saith the warning voice, be prudent as well as great, and none of these evils shall happen unto thee- 10. Now there was a young man dwelling by the way side, and his mother abode with him. 11. And their habitation is as thou goest towards the north, and he had great possessions in fields and barnyards and appleyards and horses and carriages, and also not much cattle. 12. Moreover, he had heard, and his mother had declared unto him, the naughty things that were done in the land, and the pollution and the wickedness of the rulers thereof- 13. And the extravagance of the mighty man thereof was sounded forth unto him. until his ears tingled at corruption and he became a Reformer. 14. But the mightier man than he and a richer came from the south, and another from the east, and said unto the young man : hearken thou unto us. 15. Lo, these are men of no substance, are they not all born in the mire? Are they not sons of the dunghill, and wilt thou listen unto them. 16. Moreover, are they not greedy of other men's lands, seeing they have none of their own. john Henry Clive

17. Peradventure the days come and the time is not afar off when they shall riot in thy overthrow and fatten on the fields that yield thee corn and milk. 18. And thy name and the name of thy forefathers shall be a bye word amongst them when thy house is levelled with the dust and thy gold and thy jewels are trodden down- 19. Howbeit they spoke that which was deceitful of the reformers, for the spirit of the deceiver was upon them. 20. But the young man harkened unto them, for their words were as honey in the mouth, and dropped like music in the ear of the enchanted. 21. And the young man was beguiled and received among them joyfully, and straitway he began to revile. 22. And he forsook his first faith, and called all reformers Radicals, as others before him had done. 23. Moreover, he said: I will forsake the land for revolution is nigh at hand, and the sound of his reviling was spread abroad, and much people laughed thereat. CHAPTER 4th 1. And it came to pass that Daidee was sore displeased, and his sleep departed from him, and he tossed upon his bed, and his thoughts wandered to and fro. 2. And he said within himself : Behold, the people are too many for me. 3. Verily, though some of them are like myself sorely given to filthy lucre, yet are they not all, my money availeth me not. 4. This will I do. I will raise up among them a strong delusion, and they shall believe a lie, and many shall fail because of it. 5. And he arose. In the secret of the night he got up. In the darkness he sent many messengers, saying: depart and tarry not. 6. Go, gather straw from the Rocks and get litter from the Abbey, and therewith make a man, and call him M aidee, and let none know of it. 7. And let him be proclaimed before the people, and let vapour and lies and nonsense go before him, and many shall cleave unto him and mine enemies shall be weakened. 8. And they forthwith did as they were commanded, and they took straw from the Rocks and litter took they from the Abbey, and they made a man thereof. 9. And they raised up one of the common people. He was of the tribe of the Capmakers, a worker in iron by trade, and he was fat. 10. And they caused him to open his mouth, whereby one might see the emptiness of his head. 11. And much sound came thereout and great promises, and the lowest of the people followed him and rejoiced, saying: 12. We shall have a basket of bread for a penny and a flagon of ale for a halfpenny, until the farmer be brought to starvation and the rich man to poverty, and there be none to purchase the works of our hands ; then there will be no need of labour 13. So they gloried in their ignorance and made a great noise in the land, and shouted exceedingly. 14. Then it was privately told unto Haidee the things which Daidee had done. John Henry Clive

15. And Haidee was sore troubled, and said unto himself: This man is more cunning than I am. He will certainly prevail against me, and I shall fail before him. 16. And his countenance fell and he was dismayed, and his spirit was vexed within him, and his heart failed him. 17. And he refrained himself from small drink, and he ate no dry bread and drank no pure water. Nevertheless, his sleep departed not from him, for he snored loudly by night. Then came Ske1'i the Queer unto Haidee, and Sheri said unto him : Why are thou cast down ? and why is thy soul disquieted within thee? 20. Fear not, for this man of straw which Daidee hath set up; verily, verily, thou shalt bum him as one bumeth stubble, and scatter him as chaff before the wind. 21. Hearken unto me, and I will tell thee what thou shalt do. 22. Knowest thou not that the Radicals have again lifted up the horn; they have written writings and proclaimed an assembly. 23. And that man of the tribe of the Capmakers, who is a worker in black iron by trade, is a leader among them. He who said unto Daidee : Seekest thou to be a ruler and a Captain over us? Behold, even now thine eye waxeth dim and thy strength faileth ; thy marrow is dried up like a potsherd. 25. Retire to the lands of thy possessions, to thy pleasant fields in the western wood which thy gold hath purchased ; there think of thy latter end and repent of the evil of thy doings. Thus said the forger of iron to Daidee and thus say I unto thee. Harken unto my words for they are good, and give ear to the breath of -my mouth, for it shall be profitable unto thee. Go thou to this assembly of the Radicals, join thyself unto them, and be as one of them, and let the utterance of thy lips be pleasant to them as strong drink. 28. So he listened to the voice of Sheri, and went to the gathering together of the Radicals, and dissembled before them and uttered pleasant speeches, and their ears were tickled. 29. And they cried aloud, and urged him till his passion came upon him (for he was passionate and proud from his youth). 30. And he waxed wroth, and his cunning forsook him, and he would walk no longer with them, and many Radicals were displeased.

CHAPTER 5th

1. Now the day of nomination drew nigh, and the Sheriff and Under­ Sheriff and returning officers and deputies and lawyers and poll clerks and flagmakers and husting makers and boothmakers and others without number were in great requisition. 2. And since the world was made, the like was never seen or heard of at Stoke-upon-Trent. 3. And it came to pass in the third year of Willy the King, in the twelfth month in the tenth day of the month that the candidates and the proposers and the seconders and the electors and the non-electors and a great multitude were gathered together. 4. And many speeches were made. and there ·was much shouting and clapping and hissing and groaning and pelting and holding up of hands. John Henry Clive

5. And some said one thing and some said another, so that no one was chosen. 6. And the chief man among them, whose name was Minever, said they must re-assemble on the morrow, and all their names should be written down in the book of the poll. 7. Then they dispersed, and much drink was drunken, some heads were broken, and many rolled in the mire. 8. Now the charioteer of one of the little great ones was overcome of strong drink that Daidee had given unto him, and he reeled in his saddle. 9. And his master said unto his little son who was in the chariot with him : Son, hear my voice. 10. Go thou, my son, mount the horses and drive, for yonder man of Belia! knoweth not his way, and we shall be overthrown, and I will take the beast into the chariot unto me. 11. And the youth did so, and mounted the horses, and drove (for he was active and well favoured), and no evil happened unto them. 12. Then on the morrow, even before the morning watch, there was a great stir among the people, and they re-assembled as Minever had said. 13. And they divided themselves into Companies, and ate beef and strong drink, and marched forth with banners and with music and with shoutings. · 1 4. And the earth shook by reason of the tread of the multitude, for they covered the land like locusts in the desert. 1 5. And Haidee and Waidee and Daidee were seen hurrying to and fro, and haste was in every foot, and desire was in every eye to know the state of the poll. 1 6. And there was great gathering together in secret places, and many councils were held, and many messengers went hither and thither. 17. And much wine was spilled and many bottles emptied, and great anxiety prevailed, and no one knew what the end. of these things would be. CHAPTER 6th

I. Now there dwelled one of the litt]e great ones by the Hill Top,1 and he was sick by reason of asthma for many years. 2. And Haidee sent messengers unto him and said : Lo, behold by reason of thy sickness, and the treachery of mine enemies, they have blotted out thy name from the book. 3. Arise, therefore, clothe thyself in warm garments and go speak in the midst of the assembly; let thy voice be heard in the congre­ gation ; are they not now gathered together. 4. So he said to his servant prepare, and his servant prepared, and he arose and went and stood up among the rulers and argued in the midst of them, and they hearkened unto him, and the scribe recorded his vote, and it remaineth in the book of the poll unto this day. 5. Then tidings were brought unto Haidee that the man of straw which Daidee had set up was trodden down, and he greatly rejoiced.

1 Hill Top is surely meant to be Chell, and the sick man was John Henry Clive himself. 73 John Henry Clive

6. And the tongues of his partisans were loosened. and they spake mighty things, and the feet of many messengers were hastened and divers of the common people turned to him and much uproar was occasioned. 7. Now certain little great ones of the Council of Daidee were assembled in one place, and their visages were rueful. 8. And they looked upon each other in silence, and they groaned and sighed and yawned, and they were sore beset so that they forg0t to drink the wine. 9. For they feared that Daidee would be rejected, and one whispered to his neighbour alas! and his neighbour said: Damn it! and they moaned in spirit, and were exceeding sorrowful. 10. How joyous upon the stone is the clatter of the hoofs that bringeth good tidings. Behold, he cometh ; his feet are at the door that proclaimeth that Haidee is defeated. 11. Then were they uproarious, and the cry of their shouting ascended, and the noise of their warlike engines shook the nether firmament, and the steadfast earth trembled. 12. But certain men of Belia! gathered together and said: We will not have this Daidee to represent us in the City of the King. 13. We will destroy, we will destroy, we will destroy. and they listened to a fellow who bawled louder than the rest. 14. And he said: Hip, hip, hip; then many stones flew and windows were shivered to pieces. But the Council of Haidee cared for none of these things. 15. Now the players upon instruments of music were huddled into a small place and trembling came upon them. 16. And when they heard the sound of the smashing, they said: one to another : Let us flee, for the house will overwhelm us, and they fled. 17. But he that carried the big drum (an unmusical instrument used in war) could not escape, for in his haste the drum was jammed in between the posts of the door. 18. And the stones and the glass fell upon those that were behind him, and they were dismayed and dirtied and wounded. 19. And they cried out in their terror, but none regarded them as they fell to the ground, and, crawling out on their bellies, escaped, leaving the drum suspended in the midst. 20. Then on the day appointed Minever opened the books, having broken the seals thereof, according to the King's commandments. 21. And he declared before them that Waidee and Daidee were chosen. 22. And some went away rejoicing, and some went away sorrowful to their own homes. 23. Then went the men of Stoke and procured an animal called a donkey, and they decorated it with red and chaired it before the people. Is it not written in the writing of Mort the Advertiser :- Here endeth the Book of the Chronicles of the Borough of Stoke-upon-Trent.

From our explanation at the beginning, it will be clear who the people were that are described, while there is little doubt that " Hill Top " is meant to be Clive's home at Chell

74 John Henry Clive

House, which was at the top of Chell Bank, where the Biddulph Road meets High Lane, and the tc sick man" was John Henry Clive himself, as stated in our footnote. The Heathcotes were good friends of the Clives for fifty years prior to this event. Clive began an essay on the Mind, but as this was un­ finished we have not ventured to print it; but it serves to show how he was always working upon something to interest and help others. In 1835 he began to write his very interesting treatise on the Dialect of North Staffordshire: a shortened edition by his great-grandson, Col. Harry Clive, is here given :- A GLOSSARY or SHORT VIEW OF THE DIALECT OF NORTH STAFFORDSHIRE [1835] with an attempt to show from Authorities that the language of the lower classes is for the most part genuine old English. With Etymologies. Introduction. J. H. Clive opens his introduction with the following quotation from Forby :- ,. It would be absurd to say that an East Anglian clown is actually speaking good English when, to a fine lady or a well-bred gentleman, he seems to be uttering a barbarous jargon. But it may be safely and justly alleged on his behalf that he has much better authority for a great deal of what he says than is at all suspected by those who laugh at him." Although the author terms his work a "short view", his introduction covers over twenty foolscap pages, whilst the letters " A " and " B " alone cover another seventy, dealing in great detail with every word which he considers distinctive to North Staffordshire. He gives in the majority of cases the Ancient British, Saxon, or old English derivations, and illustrates his points freely with quotations from Chaucer, Robert of Gloucester (A.D. r265), Robert of Brunne (A.D. r3ro), Sir John Gower and other 13th, 14th and 15th century authorities to prove his theory that- · The language spoken by the lower classes in North Staffordshire seems to be the English of the 14th Century, as I read it most naturally and copiously in the works of Chaucer and his contemporaries. and goes on to say-

75 John Henry Clive

Soon after what may be called proper English came to be written (and Sir John Gower about A.D. 1390 is affirmed to be the first author of extent and repute who with propriety can be said to have written English), it began to be refined by the introduction of learned words or words from foreign languages. Chaucer is accused by Skinner of bringing in cartloads of them, but the same had been done by Robert of Gloucester and Gower before him, and Lydgate and Hoccleve shortly after. However, our Peasantry knew nothing of these stranger words, and so on their introduction they and the writers of the time began to part company and ceased to speak the same dialect. Thus English, becoming Frenchified and Latinised, our people were left behind with their Mother tongue in the state that the oral intercourse of Ancient Britons, Saxons, Normans, the Latin Clergy and Lawyers had left it, retiring behind the fashionable troops of newcomers until it faded into a mere dialect, as it_ still remains. When we see in the writings of the best authors of these early times words seeming so strongly to have the present vulgar pronunciation, such as Con for can, man for man, bonk for bank, Mony for many, nowt for naught, tung for tongue, and consider the literate of the present day preserve the same sounds in the words wand, ward, warp, call, salt, etc., we can come but to one fair conclusion, that the vulgar pronunciation is the genuine and not the corrupted one. The author here gives several foolscap pages of words, all taken from ancient writings of men of learning, which he says tend to confirm and establish this assumption. A few of the words are given, showing some of the peculiarities of North Staffordshire pronunciation :- Tane-taken, sinne-since, sike-sigh, nesche-soft, faut-fault. brid-bird, dunt-blow, onny-any, wesch-wash, Martlemas­ Martinmas, Daffadown dillies-daffodils. He continues- As the English of North Staffordshire was scarcely a written lan­ guage until A.D. 1300, and mostly ceased to be one before A.D. 1450. it had not much time to engraft on its stock many words of other countries not previously adopted by our Saxo-Norman ancestors, but it was a language fully suited to the expression of all the wants of human inter­ course, whether of amity, treachery or conflict. New ideas arising out of foreign travel, commerce, arts, sciences. manufactures have called in new words, and such as were requisite have been adopted by the lower classes, and are used in general with the pronunciation with which they were introduced, and sometimes so strictly as to reject their own pronunciation. For instance, although they always call a bank a bonk, yet they never call a banknote a banknote. The reason of this is quite in course and plain enough, inasmuch as the common people are not gratuitous word coiners, they repeat only what they hear, or as they think they hear, without reasoning upon its fitness or enquiring after its origin. John Henry Clive

One pleasure arising out of the investigation of our vulgar tongue is that it shows ancient and classic authority for words and phrases which appear at first to be absurd. It raises our humble population in the scale of intelligent beings, and frees them from the odium of having invented unnecessarily false and barbarous expressions. Who at first thought would suppose that such a word as our vulgar "Saveation" was ever considered good English. Yet Chaucer proves it to have been so when he uses the phrase, "to the "savacion" of my soule." and with good reason, too, for ion, tion, cion are English affixes signifying a state of being. Our working colliers talk of thurling, which is only an expression 600 years old for penetrating or piercing, and the word itself perhaps comes from thurgh, which is the ancient British tyrchu, to burrow; the common word thrutcJt-to push, may have this origin. In setting a North Staffordshire labourer to dig clay, he will ask how much f e or fey there is upon it-meaning top soil. He is only repeating the indigenous language of our Island-the talk of the Ancient British amongst whom ffe meant that which is outward. As soon as haygrass is mown in North Stafford~hire persons are sent to tedd it or spread it abroad. "\Vb.at stronger proof can I bring of the vigorous. provincial existence of our Aboriginal language than to say that in the Ancient British tongue tedd means to spread or display. I have searched for and discovered in this our too much neglected Ancient British tongue that which I have looked in vain for in other languages, namely, words of similar apposite or collateral meaning with our North Staffordshire provincialisms, which I have been able to carry up to a natural significant root. Such a North Staffordshire word is blether, which is said to be derived from the Anglo-Saxon bladdre, but by referring to the Ancient British vocabularies, I trace it clearly to an origin which signifies puffing up or spreading out. This is certainly more satisfactory than stopping short at a mere abstract term of no apparent meaning. When I was a boy, I heard a carter say to a blacksmith: "Oive browt two spade snoods and a sucksnood." The word suck has rung in my ears at periods ever since. Nor could I guess or learn that it had any legitimate meaning until I discovered that suck (swch) in Anctent British is the term for a snout or nose, so that suck was our precursor's term 2,000 years ago for the nose of a plough. So. tenacious are our rusticks to their vernacular tongue which neither Roman, Danish, Saxon or Norman Conquest has been able to deracinate. I am told that old flint grinders use the term " suck " when the runner is cutting hard on the paver. These rural terms would be the natural and unavoidable result of the Ancient Britons having long occupied this district of North Staffordshire. In national commotions and revolutions of States those connected with warfare would on defeat be driven to another soil and most of their connections would follow them. People of property would fly thither likewise to avoid spoilation, and with them would go many of their immediate dependents. But when all these were cleared away, a body of the mere labouring classes would remain ; necessity 77 John Henry Clive and the native attachment to their home would counter-balance any fear from change of masters. There is the multitude that always labour hard for scanty bread. To this portion of society mastership knows little change; hard work is their master and bare subsistence their wages. With such would remain, their vernacular tongue, which their new employers would be obliged to use in many operations and instances to learn for their own benefit and safety. I have ever found it more easy and advantageous to learn the technicalities of a labourer than to teach him mine. There is an uncommon word in daily use in North Staffordshire which I find noted in Grose, Wilbraham, Hunter and other writers of local vocabularies, and which has apparently much puzzled etymologists. It is the word os or osse. To osse is to recommend a person to assist you. Anyone who has settled wages with potters will know that the " owd osse ,, is money borrowed on account of uncompleted work. I think the Etymon or root of it clearly exists on the Ancient British osw-that means onward. The laundresses in North Staffordshire call their smoothing irons sad irons. Sad is the ancient British for firm. When a North Staffordshire workman is puzzled or confused, he knits his brows and says he is maeth,e,yed. M aetherd or moidered I find in the Ancient British tongue to mean buffeted, which perhaps may be fairly taken as the origin of this curious word. The last local word I shall notice in this Introduction is mug and muggy for mist, misty, foggy. In the aboriginal language of Britain mwg means smoke or fume, and I think there is little need to seek elsewhere for the etymon of this provincialism. I know I venture these remarks in direct. opposition to the following opinion of Dr. Johnson . " Though the Britons or Welsh were the first possessors of this Island whose names are recorded and are therefore in civil history always considered as the predecessors of the present inhabitants, yet the deduction of the English language from the earliest times of which we have any knowledge to its present state requires no mention of them; for we have so few words which can with any probability be referred to British roots, that we justly regard the Saxons and Welsh as nations totally distinct.'' But when it is considered that he is here speaking of the grand features and framework of our language-its style and order, and I of some of its materials, its detached and subordinate parts only, namely, our provincial words and phrases, many of which are scarcely owned as belonging to this language, our opinions may not be so discordant. Still, I must consider the doctor's assertion as of too sweeping a nature, and be allowed to think that he who does not draw deeply from the Springs of the Cymry does not fetch from the clearest and purest fountain of our provincial English. I have read in Caesar's Commentaries that the inhabitants of Gaul came to Britain to be instructed in the learnings and philosophy of the Druids, and that the French language might be considered as ·only one of the dialects of Britain. John Henry Clive

Whatever may be the origin and antiquity of the British language, it appears to be the immediate parent of many local words in North Staffordshire, which here come down to us unchanged through the many changes of Sovereignty which this Island has undergone, and a search amongst the Archaisms of Ancient Britain will, I am persuaded, well repay the labours of the etymologist of provincial English words and phrases. I have traced to a correct origin so many of the apparently ridiculous words used by the labouring classes of North Staffordshire. that I now respect the whole race of them as descendants of ancient respectable, though perhaps unknown, families, forced out of their fair station by upstarts not having better qualifying pretensions, for I would give room and rank to merit of every origin and kind. Here the Introduction closes, and the Glossary opens with two quotations, the former of which may have helped to have encouraged the authpr to carry out this work. The quotations are as follows :- ,. It is to be hoped that attention is being paid to the verbal pecu­ liarities of particular districts- by gentlemen who reside in other portions of the Island, and that the time is not far distant when all these fragments shall have been gathered up and prepared for the use of critics on our early writers, and especially of those persons who may hereafter under­ take the arduous task of preparing a systematic and historical Dictionary of the English Language."-Hunter's Hallamshire Glossary. " Ac1 low men holdeth to Englyss and to her kynde2 speche yute-'\" Robert of Gloucester. Space does not permit of anything but a few extracts from this interesting and informative Glossary, but the examples which follow seem to show how very thoroughly John Henry Clive's work was done :- Affeerd-afraid. An Ancient English word currently in use by the elder poets and other writers. It is retained here in the same sense as the East Anglians use it. In Chaucer's time there was certainly some differences in the meaning of ajeard and afraid. " This wif was not aferde ne affraide. "-Canterbury Tales. Forby says:-" The difference seems to result naturally enough from their different derivations. Afeard is clearly of Saxon origin /eight, and meant affected by fear or in a fright. Afraid is French from effrayer to startle or scare." Yo naetl ner bae aff eerd o' th bull.-You need not be afraid of the bull. It is evidently the original word fear with the Saxon prefix a, meaning at, on ('-r i;-;,. Dunnah be feart. Do not be afraid. Ffrit means a quick start in Ancient British, showing the root of the derivation. Robert of Gloucester (A.D. 1265) writes thus:- ,, This sawe I Robert, and was full sore afeard." "And vere forth in his hand to fole for to a/ere."

1 Ac-but, 2 Kynde-natural, 3 Yute-yet.

79 John Henry Clive

Robert of Bmnne, in his Chronicles, about A.D. 1310, uses affere, affraied and afryzte. Sir Thos. More, about A.D. 1500, uses them thus:­ " And he answerde Be not aferde." And Barkley about A.D. 1514 writes :- " With glistening eyes and side dependent beard His homed forehead doth make faynt hearts afeard." At after-afterwards. Didn yeh goo at afteY aw. Did you not go after all ? He sed he nivve1' seed him at afteY. He said he never saw him afterwards. This is a genuine Archaism, and would probably have been a after if it had not been for the hiatus. I have lately found the following, which puts its correctness beyond doubt:- ., Therefore et after hym."-Robert of Gloucester. "For it was foure of the clocke at after none or the battayles ioyned."-Hall's Chronicles, A.D. 1540. · Afore-before. Yo shannah bae afore mae.-You shall not be before me. This is a genuine Anglo-Saxon word with a prefix signifying at the front part. Its use is declining. The dictionaries retain it, and long may they do so, as it is an easier and pleasanter word than before. they cannot well dismiss it on account of its compounds aforesaid, aforethought, afOYetime, aforehand. " As he woe answer afore Almighty God." "My daughter decesse afore me." "To the said Frideswide afore biquethen." Sir Oliver Manningham's Will, A.D. 1475. " When they came affore the K ynge Lowlye they knelyd vpon their knees." Floddenfield temp., Henry 8. " That's reet says another yean hit th' neel oth' yed, Aes aweys~a chatterin except aes a 'bed, Es tung's loike a clapper just greased I'll be sworn, Still werriting nonsense afore it's 'is turn." North Staffordshire Local Ballad. Arrahind-around. Cum wunn yeh goo arrahind wimmy. Come, will you go round with me. Ax, ex-ask. Ar tkay exed ith Church ? Are they asked in Church, viz., are the banns published? Ar the axings up ? Are the banns published? Ax my eye and, worse, are insulting replies used by the rudest class. Ax is the ancient form of ask preserved by the lower classes of people and was a long time used by accredited writers. Wycliffe in 1380 used axinge for asking. "To graunt to manne all thynge that he wyll axe."- Sir Thos. More, A.D. 1510. 80 John Henry Clive

Askee-dry parched. Used in connection with ground, wind or a cough. This, I suppose, is a genuine English word from the Anglo-Saxon hasc, hard, dry, sharp, rugged, with the regular affix y signifying full of. It is a word of peculiar meaning, and a loss to our language, there not being any analogous word in present use. Adeleh-Village of Audley. After math-The crop of grass which springs after mowing. M aeth means nourishment in the Ancient British language. The value of a crop of aftermath at this time, 1835, is from ten shillings to one pound a statute acre. Awey-away. Tak him awey heez welly1 jed. Take him away-he's almost dead. Bars-Prison bars. A game so-called from an imaginary bar or enclosure to which each party is restricted. It is also known by the name of Base. In ancient times it is mentioned in the Records of Parliament, temp. Edward III., where it is prohibited to be played in the avenues of the Palace of Westminster during the sitting of Parliament. "Nul enfaunt ne autres ne jue a barres."-Toone. "So ran they all as they had been at base, They being chased that did others chase." Spencer's Faerie Queen. Why it should be called base I have no means of knowing, its derivation from ba'Y is very clear. It is a favourite game in North Staffordshire, and frequently played in the summer evenings. Many years ago challenges were given and matches made at the game between the runners of North Staffordshire and those of the adjoining County of Chester. Unfortunately, the chief encouragees of the game at this period are ale sellers, who provide some stake to be played for, and thereby often induce the runners to spend the after night in revelling. The game is contested by ten runners on each side, who fix them­ selves, each set in what is called a ba., or imaginary enclosure, the bars being forty or fifty yards asunder, and within their precincts no capture can be made. Though celerity of running is of great advantage in a right onward chase, yet a good deal of skill and agility are exercised by others in doubling or otherwise, avoiding or touching (which is capturing) their adversaries. A peculiar trait in the game is the art of throwing the whole body forward with extended arms when within a certain distance of the party pursued, by which manoeuvre the bodily length, including the additional length of the arms, is suddenly added to the momentum acquired by running, and the capture is achieved by a touch in falling. It is seldom that any serious accidents occur by this violent measure. I well nigh. Sr John Henry Clive

Bally-Belly. Oive sitch a ballyake thahik costner think. I have such a bellyache thou canst not think (how painful). This sound of the e is not unknown in our dictionaries, as in clerk, sergeant, Derby, and I suppose it was once more generally used, for our rusticks retain it in many words, such as sarvant, sarvice, marcy and yaller (yellow). Bandy-a game. Wheen yeh goo an plee at bandy ith Quaintaining. Will you go and play bandy in the Quaintains (a field so called). Bandy is a game played by two boys or two parties of boys with sticks crooked at the end and a small wooden ball, which each party endeavours to drive to opposite fixed points. I fancy the Quaintain's field mentioned above must be a field where the ancient mock chivalric game of Quintain was played (see Strutt's Sports and Pastimes). Barnaby-Barnabas. Didn yer swop yer Tit at Barnaby Fair? Did you exchange your horse at St. Barnabas' Fair ? This word is adopted from the neighbouring County of Cheshire. in consequence of North Staffordshire farmers frequently attending a fair at Macclesfield, held on or about St. Barnabas' Day, where they have the following saying:- " Barnaby bright, The longest day And the shortest night." Beet-Bait, Renew, to put coal on the oven mouths or fires. Have yer bet th' uvven? Noo, it duzner want beetin yet. Oil giv it a full beetin when oiv etten mi breksup. Have you put coal on the oven fire? No I It does not want it yet. I'll give it a full feeding when I've had my breakfast. Anglo-Saxon. Beet to keep up, to cherish. Bin-am, are, been. Bin yeh cummin? Now oi binner. Are you coming ? I am not. This form of the verb to be is abundantly found in old authors. "My sheep bin wasted, wo is me therefore- These weeds bene not so nightly wore." Spencer's Shepherd's Calendar. "Ground that thah byn of old tyme impayled."- Survey of Hon. Tutbury, Henry V. " If the forsayd John and Anne byn on live."- Marriage Covenant, A.D. 1424. Bit-a short time, a small quantity. Oil com in a bit. Duz it hurt ? It does abuv a bit. I'll come in a short time. Does it hurt? It does very much. Ancient British Bitw means minute, petty. John Henry Clive

Bowd-bold. The omitting of the u after o in many words is comparatively a modem fashion which the natives of North Staffordshire have not yielded to. "At Teukesbiri in toumbe his body did lie."- Robert of Brunne, A.D. 1309. "So boulde men in batten as were they­ Jame howe darest thou bee soe boulde As in our presence for to bee To slay thy brethren within their houlde. " Flodden Field. John Henry Clive, in his Glossary, makes frequent reference to local customs: the following examples may prove of interest:- I know a piece of land called Swans Butts, which probably has meant the Swains Butts where the villagers assembled to practice archery in obedience to an ordinance of Edward IV., who directed that every Englishman and Irishman dwelling in England should have a long bow of his own height.-That Butts should be set up at every Township. at which the inhabitants were to shoot upon all Feast Days or be fined one halfpenny for each omission. A Bu'Yn Stick is a crooked stick on which a large piece of coal is daily carried from the pit by each working collier, over his shoulder. for his private use. This practice, in consequence of its frequent abuse, has been dis­ continued in many works, and an allowance of money substituted. I will here mention that in North Staffordshire we pretend to see in the Moon a Man with a " bum of sticks " over his shoulder : a culprit said to have been banished thither and condemned to that perpetual drudgery for picking sticks on the Sabbath Day. For myself, I can say that, Hamlet-like, I can oftentimes see the clouds "like a camel, weasel or whale/' but this old man in the moon I have never been able to discover. In North Staffordshire it is the custom to bid to the funerals of poor people a great number of the neighbours, both poor and rich, who are entertained with hot spiced ale and plum cake called "Berrin­ cake '' and amongst whom a collection of money is made for the benefit of the family of the deceased. This is called a " taking in " funeral or " Berrin." Bezzling is still a sore vice, especially in manufacturing districts. I have estimated that more than the rental of the township I lately resided in is spent in bezzling (drinking immoderately). One of the very commendable pursuits among the labouring clasess in North Staffordshire is the cultivation of pinks, carnations, tulips and a few other flowers, as well as gooseberries and some fruits, in order to produce fine specimens which are annually shown in contest for prizes. John Henry Clive

I beg to remark that I am fully persuaded that the many gripings, pains and convulsions which young babies undergo are occasioned by the improper and unnatural food administered to them, such as sugar, rue tea, gin, etc., to "cormfurt th' pooer little things." Great care seems to be taken in North Staffordshire respecting the breed of bulldogs, encouraging that silent savagery that bites deep a.nd holds hard without barking. Yet I am pleased to record that bull­ baiting, although a cherished amusement, seems to be conducted with more feelings of compassion for the animals than formerly. A few years since an intoxicated stranger rudely entered my house one evening, and on taking a seat I perceived what I thought to be the stock of a pistol projecting from his pocket. Unperceived, I drew it out, and it proved to be a curiously carved woman's busk (a front stiffener of a woman's stays-a dressy, stylish appendage), which doubtless he had stolen in his "foray" amongst the country damsels. Many of the ,vords given by John Henry Clive have either fallen into disuse or are unhappily rapidly disappearing from our local dialect. A short list is given:- · Bebberidge-Money for drink. Bellart-a bullkeeper (for baiting), Bezzle-to drink immoderately. Bishopt-milk burnt at the bottom of pan. Blow-a bloom, blossom. Bodle-less than a farthing (one-sixth of a penny). Bootherz-boulder stones. Bonk-bucket. Brahin shullers-ripe, brown hazel nuts. Brid-bird. Boggart-apparition, hobgoblin. Beeked-plastered or covered thick with dirt. Some ten years ago, Mr. Robert Nicholls published a little booklet, Dialect Words and Phrases used in the Staffordshire Potteries (James Heap, Ltd., Hanley) and delivered a lecture (the third of a series of 12) to the Stoke Branch of the Workers' Educational Association upon the Potteries Dialect. He told the audience that he had been able to inspect a manuscript con­ taining lists of Potteries dialect expressions compiled by the grandfather of Col. Robert Clive about the year 1835. Mr. Nicholls went on to say that some of the words in that list had passed out of use, but the majority confirmed and supplemented a list made by him in his book, "Penkhull cum Boothen." Clive was on the Board of the Metropolitan Sewage and 11anure Co., of London, and this, no doubt, was one of the reasons he lived in London some part of the year. He had shares in the Company. John Henry Clive

The Metropolitan Se-wage Manure Company was an important London Company, of which there were eleven Directors: Henry Peter Fuller, Esq.; John Eddowes Bowman, Esq.; John Henry Clive, Esq. ; Hon. Capt. Thomas Vesey Dawson, M.P.; Frederick William Floyd, Esq.; Oliver Har­ greave, Esq. ; Thomas Hodgkin, Esq., M.D. ; William Thomas Kime, Esq.; James Macaulay, Esq.; Francis Sherburn, Esq.; Lieut. Colonel Warren. Consulting Agricultural Chemist: Professor Brande, F.R.S., Royal Mint. Consulting Engineer-William C. Mylne, Esq., F.R.S. Engineer-Charles Greaves, Esq. Solicitors-Messrs. Fuller & Saltwell. Bankers-London Joint Stock Bank. Secretary-Alexander Greig, Esq. Offices-18, Adam Street, 22, John Street, Adelphi. Principal Station-Stanley Bridge, Fulham. To show briefly what were the activities of the Company we give an extract from the Eleventh Ordinary General Meeting held, pursuant to advertisement, at Willis' s Rooms, King Street, St. J ames's, on Tuesday, the 6th day of May, 1851, with Henry Peter Fuller, Esq., in the Chair. . . . . The friendly and co-operative disposition of the Metropolitan Commissioners of Sewers is a source of satisfaction on which your Directors cannot too warmly congratulate you. The report of the talented Engineer on the Drainage of London, which was adopted on the 31st January last, states that a " reason for not including in the calculations of the North-West portion of London, the district com­ prising the Counters Creek, and the Fulham and Hammersmith district, about 16 square miles, is, that the establishment of the lVIetropolitan Sewage Manure Company's works is in the heart of the district, which is eminently adapted for the application of sewage water as a manure, and affords grounds for belief that the whole of the Sewage produced in the district may be profitably applied.'' This suggestion was approved by the Court of Sewers on the 28th February last, and ordered to be carried out at the public expense, at a cost of £19,500. These works. furnishing a large additional supply of sewage, will be eminently advan­ tageous to the Company. A Company, on the point of being formed for the manufacture and distribution over the whole Kingdom of Peat, Charcoal and Charcoal Manure, have made overtures to your Directors to unite with this Company. The carefully considered details of the arrangement for this union will be submitted to your consideration at a General Meeting convened for the purpose. on the 17th instant, and the Directors trust they will meet with your hearty concurrence. 85 John Henry Clive

John Henry Clive evidently took a deep and helpful interest in the Company, and he left a bulky note book of plans for the complete drainage of the Metropolis and the application of sewage to profitable purposes. He makes several amended copies, and one brought up-to-date in 1849 finished on the roth September, he sends up to the Commissioners on the 28th September in that year. It appears that other London sewers were already con­ nected with the Company's Works by 1851, which gave a constant supply of fertilising liquid. J. H. Clive mentions his shares in this Metropolitan Com­ pany in his will. Another interesting activity is his model of a suspension bridge exhibited in the 1851 Exhibition. Here is his own description of it, which was printed for the Exhibition.

EFMMEiiH1WWiiR!MMWM -

GREAT EXHIBITION, 1851. MODEL OF A SUSPENSION BRIDGE, In Mahogany and Brass, called the BAR-TRELLIS SUSPENSION Four feet Four Inches Long. This Model is intended to exemplify and illustrate an improved principle for Suspension Bridges, substituting for the generally used flexible chain principle a tapering, rigid. and nearly inflexible one, gradually decreasing in the dimensions of the materials from the bases of the towers to the tops, like the bole and branches of a tree, which first gave the idea of this bridge.1 (See footnote on page 87) I consider the present Chain Suspension Bridges (though beautiful as picturesque erections) as built on principles very low in the scale of science, occasioning an imperfection of strength and duration, and a great waste of materials.

86 John Henry Clive

Let any one passing over Hammersmith and Hungerford Bridges observe the vast disproportion between the main chains and the pendent rods on which those bridges really hang. From an eye estimate of the chains of Hungerford Bridge (which is only for foot-passengers)., I believe the chains to exceed 600 tons. whilst the perpendicular rods by which the bridge really hangs cannot amount to 20 tons.

I object to the present chain bridges. first. because the whole weight of the bridge and load. which is supported by the pendent rods. hangs from the tops of the towers. which must be the weakest parts. and subject to the greatest vibration ; secondly., because the whole bridge and load are suspended from chains. which are always more than the whole length of the river span. and which must be of sufficient strength to bear their own great weight in addition to the weight of the bridge and load, and which chains. being loose in so many places, occasion or give liberty to oscillation. which continually agitates the weakest parts of the towers., and must tend in time to disintegrate them. and also present but little resistance to an undulation of the platform. It was said that the platform of the Menai Bridge, in the tempest of 1839, undulated sixteen feet perpendicularly. and was tom to pieces in many places.

Bridges after this model are intended to be constructed on tapering principles throughout all the main parts. to be as rigid and inflexible as conveniently may be. to have the longest suspenders much the lightest. to have all the suspenders well braced together. to lay the weight on the towers gradually upwards, having the lightest possible load at the top, to have a drawbridge in the centre when the navigation of the stream requires it. and to allow of the two sides being constructed independently of each other. and without other scaffolding than what is formed by their own progressive structure.

A bridge of the common construction. with (as in this model) twenty-four suspenders from the main chains, would lay about five­ sixths of the whole weight on those chains. and on the tops of the towers. In this model of twenty-four rigid suspenders immediately from the towers, the weight is gradually distributed as the towers rise, and only about one-twelfth of the whole weight laid on the long suspenders at the tops of the towers.

1 In the year 1839 I saw a large cat walk along the slender, horizontal bough of a young beech-tree, and from the end pass to the like bough of another tree in the plantation. I was surprised at the very small deflection of the bough, and thought these boughs formed a complete suspension-bridge. I went and examined the tree, and tested the bough as to the weight it would bear, and considered how the bough was supported, and how I could best make such a bough artificially. The bough, as we all know, thickens and has firm hold of the bole of the tree, and the bole firm hold of the ground by its widely-spread roots. It immediately occurred to me, that to obtain breadth for a road without extra weight I must make the bough hollow, and, like a telescope, taper, with either a passage through it or on it ; but what would be the best, I mean the most economical, mode of imitating the firm ground-roots of the tree ? This I found would be best effected by passing a rod from the light end of the bough­ tube to the upper part of the bole, and thence pinning it to the ground on the other side ; and by often repeating this process towards the thick end of the bough-tube, I found I could obtain a rigid gangway, and sustain it by a trellis of rods, with less metal than what constituted the sides a11d top of the tube, and joinings to the bole. John Henry Clive

EXPLANATION OF THE MODEL. One half of the model represents a moiety of a bridge, firmly and gradually suspended from the tower by rigid bars, well braced together, and screwed or bolted down to earth-ties in the strongest manner, with a drawbridge at the end, and windlass or capstan for raising the same when needed. The wood is meant to represent the platform, and the lead upon it the greatest load, equally distributed, it will ever have to sustain. The upright braces are intended to give greater rigidity, and to connect the different suspenders together, so that no part of the structure will depend on one set of suspenders alone. The side braces, or struts, are intended to represent some mode of giving to any lateral impulse, such as the wind, a point of resistance against the base of the tower. Let it not be supposed that this model is intended as a miniature facsimile of a real bridge, in dimensions, joinings, etc., for a workman to copy; it is only meant as an exemplification of principles. It is not to show to masons the forms of towers and pillars, nor to smiths and carpenters how to join iron and wood together; it is to elucidate some neglected but advantageous principles of gravitation and mechanical action. The other half of the model has its parts in motion, and is illustra­ tive of the relative bearings and strain which the different parts have upon the suspenders and towers, the force of which bearings and strain is, in a certain degree near to the truth, denoted by weights proportioned to the strain on the different compartments. There being more than 220 moving surfaces in this half of the model, each causing some degree of friction when in motion, and which must materially interfere with any extreme correctness in a model of this size, unless the workmanship were of the very finest order, the weights can only be taken as an approximation to the truth. The workmanship will escape harsh criticism, and receive some consideration among the industry of nations, when it is mentioned as being, except the stand, wholly the amateur labour of the exhibitor, a gentleman in his seventieth year. Let not the observer say (as has been sometimes remarked), Surely the exhibitor does not intend that a bridge shall be made with hinges and weights. The loaded platform of this half of the model is supposed to be 600 tons, in six compartments of roo tons each. The leaden weights represent a total of r,236 tons, in a series decreasing from the tower in the geometrical ratio of 4, 8, 16, 32, 64; the weight supporting the compart­ ment farthest from the tower being r 24 tons less than the weight which supports the compartment nearest to the tower. Gently ease the weights by means of either or both of the levers, Nos. 1 and 2, or in any other way, and the platform will fall, the weights not being very much more than sufficient to counterbalance it, and by pressing it down the end lever, No. 1, it will put down the weights, and restore the platform to its level. The extra weight of the support over the load (viz., 1,236 to support 600) is owing partly to friction, but chiefly to the obliquity or indirect action of the strain, which presses partly downward and partly hori­ zontally against the base of the tower, and cannot, nor need it, be

88 John Henry Clive obviated. Of course, in a real bridge as much further weight, that is strength, will be given to the supporters as may be thought needful­ probably trebled. The weight of the platform and load, 600 tons, taken when pressing in the line of gravity only, may be considered as thus distributed:- On the tower direct 98½ tons On the 1st rod 98½ tons On the 2nd rod .. 97 tons On the 3rd rod 93½ tons On the 4th rod .. 87½ tons On the 5th rod .. 75 tons On the 6th rod .. 50 tons

Total •• .• 600 tons

I find that about 616 tons, hung as counter weights against the two longest rods, Nos. 5 and 6, will just support the whole platform and load of 600 tons ; and that 902 tons will do the same if hung against the two middle rods, Nos. 3 and 4; and that 2,230 tons will do the same if hung against the two short rods, Nos . I and 2. In this last case there is a great inequality of leverage at work, as the weights act on the short arm of the lever. One-half of a bridge like this would serve as a suspension pier or jetty, and might be built from scaffolding formed by itself progressively. The power of having a drawbridge in the centre has been thought by some persons to be a valuable feature in this construction. Any one in doubt as to the superiority of tensile rods over flexible chains may be satisfied by inspecting a suspension bridge over the Avon, at Tiverton, near Bath, built by Mr. Motley, C.E. In proceeding to build a bridge on these principles, first estimate the maximum span at a minimum cost of a beam or bearer to carry horizontally a given weight, and let that be the greatest horizontal extent between the several suspenders; next estimate the maximum height at a minimum cost of a tower to sustain firmly and gradually a given weight (the weight of the bridge and extreme load), and let that be the height of the towers. These estimates are to ascertain at what span and height the several portions of the platform and towers cease to increase economically, by reason of the cost being greater than the additional iron required to strengthen the suspenders. The economical construction of a bridge, on the principles of this model, will mainly be ruled by the above items of span and height, as the longer the span of the platform beams the more of their weight is made to rest direct on the bases of the towers, and the higher the tower the nearer the suspenders approach perpendicularity, and consequently the less their required dimensions. If the half platform of this model were only a single span beam, with one pair of suspenders, then half the weight of 600 tons would rest direct on the base of the tower, viz., 300 tons, instead of 98½ tons, as in the model. 89 John Henry Clive

I am of opinion that an iron ho11ow platform, tapering in thickness, and constructed with cells on the tension and compression principle adopted in the great Britannia tube, would prove very effective and economical as a roadway. This model to be sold for the benefit of the Exhibition. J. H. CLIVE, 12, Stanhope Place, Hyde Park, and Clanway Colliery, Tunstall, Staffordshire. John Henry Clive owned a Pottery at Clayhills, Tunstall, (near Chatterley), but we are unaware that he worked it. A little after his death it was occupied by Messrs. Elsmore & Forster. He had other property in Tunstall, namely Broomhill, a house and grounds at the north end of Tunstall, pleasantly situated and overlooking Chatterley and Bradwell Wood. Here his son Henry lived upon his marriage. A map of Tunstall, dated 1848, shows he had these properties. Broomhill House was so called from the fact that the hill· and small park which surrounded it was covered with bushes of broom. It must have been pulled down soon after 1857, when the Henry Clives left it for Biddulph. It stood where the new piece of land was added to the Tunstall Cemetery, near what is now called Davenport Street. I am told the cellars of Broomhill House are now used as vaults in the cemetery. John Henry Clive owned a plot of land at the bottom of Victoria and Lime Streets, Tunstall, and I think built some houses there, since demolished to make way for the enlargement of Highgate Pottery and St. Mary's Church. He also had eight cottage houses which he built on the north side of Booth Street, Tunstall ; eight houses on the north side of Clive's Row or Queen Street South; eight houses built on a part of land called the Stoney Croft, fronting a street called Piccadilly ; a dwelling-house and grocer's shop in the Market Square ; a beer shop on the north side of the Market Place, and houses in Lime Street. All these houses were the subject of a settlement, dated 1st September, 1846, in favour of his daughters Elizabeth Roylance Clive and Lucy Clive. John Henry Clive, in this deed, is described as of Bath, while in the r851 census he describes himself as of Clanway House. Presumably he kept on both houses, with sojourns in London at 12, Stanhope Place, Hyde Park, W. Near the end of his life he began a diary ; indeed, he began it in the spring of the year in which he died. It would appear that at the age of 72 he was suffering chiefly from a form of 90 John Henry Clive asthma, and was trying different parts of London to see which suited him best, while his two remaining unmarried daughters, Elizabeth Roylance and Lucy, were living in their London house of perhaps 12, Stanhope Place. At the time he wrote his diary he was living at 17, Michaels Place, Brompton. The diary ends abruptly, probably he became worse in health, and we know that some few months later he died at Hastings. Here is the Diary-which a friend of the writer's, Aleyn Lyell Reade, M.A., of Blundellsands (author of The Reades of Blackwood Hill, The Mellards and Bibbys of Liverpool, and J ohnsonian Gleanings) says : " is quite entertaining, for it is spontaneous and natural, reflecting all his various interests as well as all his particular ideas and prejudices." SPECIMEN OF DIARY BY JOHN HENRY CLIVE, [Written in London in the 73rd year of his age.] Saturday, Mar. 12th, 1853.-Have been reading Tom Moore's Diary, very interesting, full of sparkles, wonder whether the Diary of a man who has been shut up in the house for four months, sees nothing but through the window, hears nothing but scraps that come in at the door, ditto at window, can be made readable. Mind is the man, and that is always at home. Tom says Lord Holland (I think) wanted to find the origin of "blackguard," fancy, I have seen a German or Ancient British1 word that would point to the meaning, a word beginning blag or blaq, no books to refer to, but "Stemmata Latinitatis," Greek or Latin, expect it not, "Blactero," won't do.-Wrote a letter to The Times on the growing danger of the Rail through wear of wheels, etc., increased speed, awful prospect until the carriages are more tied to the rail. After offering to forgive rent if tenant be poor, ordered a distress to be made, hardly thought there existed such a tenant, reason and kindness made no impression, hardened by his hardening occupation, a Sheriff's runner, low bailiff, man in possession, no rule, but the law and its quirks, "cunning the only wear." Lizzy read to me in the evening Tom's Diary, as pleased with it as myself.-Making two pairs of bellows for mechanical occuption, fixing and fitting brass nozzles, caps and putting in discharge pipe. What a masterly piece of royal writing the letter of Darius to his officers beyond the river, forbidding them to hinder the Jews, " I, Darius, have made the decree, let it be done," Ezra, chap. 6, 1-12-Who was Ezra, I must look. Poor voluptuously infatuated Jews. "Hummed my alteration of this verse." "When I can read my title clear To mansions in the skies, I'll bid farewell to doubt and fear, And dry my weeping eyes.''

1 Blaepgar, Red umptuous-won't do too far fetched. 91 John Henry Clive

To bid doubt and fear to succeed well, what a pervertion of the real meaning of a word by using the figurative. " I'll bid depart all doubt and fear." Still breathing through plush and sneezing through smoke, sensa­ tions occasioned by my ailment, would not ring for more coals, thought I could economise, one lump so as to make it last two hours, did so by using up all cinders, giving just enough air and in the right place, had a little glowing fire at 2½ hours end. In matters small or great, to succeed is the object, scale of pleasure very limited in comparison with scale of object. I have seen what I believe a maximum of pleasure arise from almost (certainly to many) a minimum of motive-pondered whether I ought or not as a Christian to allow more time to a man who has never kept his word for times past-seeing I have now an oppor­ tunity of repaying myself money lent to him in necessity years ago, and which I do not feel called upon to lose, he being a young man, it only checks prudence that " helm of all the rest. "-A call from the draper explaining the delay in sending home my new shirts, by stating that the seamstress had absconded with them, wonder whether he had acted the grinder needlessly, as I agreed to give the higher price that no such inducement should arise, perhaps thought he had " caught a flat," thought of Parnell's " Hermit," " Ignorance is bliss." Anyone might enter my sitting-room at night most readily when the policeman was just gone by and strip it of many valuables that are quite portable. Sunday, Mar. 13th.-Honouring the day of rest which was instituted for the benefit of man, I would wish to cease from all those labours which I follow on a week-day, but I find it difficult to discriminate, I cannot go to Church, being too feeble, I cannot read long unless stimu­ lated by amusement, now the Bible is not always amusing. Novelty is wanting for that, I cease from the worldly business of profit and loss, but do such things to occupy and amuse as tum up-rather than bring on the evils of ennui, against which I find pacing the room and singing very beneficial.-My song now is an altered version of the bad verse- "When God is nigh my faith is strong." God is always nigh, but 'tis not that I quarrel with ; 'tis " prop " in the second line rhyming to" hope" in the last.-Mine runs- In God the Lord my faith is strong, His promises no time can dim. Be glad my heart, rejoice my tongue, My waning strength shall lean/rest on Him. Moore asks what we are to do with the line "May my right hand forget its cunning," in any attempt to put into regular metre the beautiful Psalm, " By the waters of Babylon." All such attempts in my opinion spoils them.-1 certainly much admire Montgomery's (I think) metrical 72 Psalm, "Arabia's desert ranger," etc., but it is a paraphrase and a most beautiful one. He skipped into the New Testa­ ment for his concluding line- " That name to us is love." Moore has overlooked Shakespeare's beautiful familiarisation to us of" cunning hand" in" Nature's own sweet and cunning hand laid on," nay, the line in the Psalm wants only one word, one little word, to make it metre and good metre, too, though it flattens the line- " Let my right hand her cunning Art forget." 92 PLATE XIX

A PAGE FROM ]OH!- HE:sRY Cun·:, Dz.rnv, 1853

John Henry Clive

Lodging opposite a Church I see many funerals-one every day or more. Sorry to see one at which the mourners and followers could not raise a bit of black cloth amongst them, nothing but flannel and '' barragan '' ; is this imprudence or sheer poverty? I fear the former, for the mere poor can always borrow a bit of sable from the richer, would you not lend your black coat, for once. I would, so would hundreds I know-there is a vast mass of superior feeling, innate, above the dread of law, higher than it, in the heaps of depravity, or what keeps the goods at the shop doors or other places, whence it certainly could be taken unobserved were the will abetting.-J ust looked at my work on the bellows. Oh ! the value to us of self love and self praise. The noodles have as much of it and more than the geniuses. Stephenson built the Britannia Bridge and Gawby makes the best "tipcat" and plays it. too, in the village, no one can come near him "by odds." He alone knows the old yew tree whence he cuts the unique bits of wood. It darts its ray of gilded light on his humble course. Miss Turner, the drawing-room lady, confined to the hc;mse like myself for months, gone out for first time in a fly.-Thermometer rising 50 for the only time of long, yet the wind easterly, but verging towards south, that pain-giving east wind brings all the pug from Shoreditch and Houndsditch and Fleetditch, which I suppose is still somewhere under or over ground.-Have still a fancy that the low grounds of Fulham agree with me best. Could not predicate it. Can hardly believe it. Lucy came in-spoke of that exquisite childish exclamation of hers in the fields of Bathwick Hill, "0 I that I had somebody to help me off with some of my joy." She was always rather ailing, and thinks it must have been a gleam of health, bright health, heaven-like feeling bnrsting over her. Looked also for the nth time at the book stamp I cut last week, here it is. Would be poor work for an artist, but for an amateur pretty good-originally it was a trial, to lay lines on a surface by electrotype, but it failed,. and I did not renew the attempt, as if successful its results would be inferior to other processes. Am surrounded by these little self-made objects of pleasing hourly reminiscence, will enumerate them some day, beginning Vvith the low leather covered stool that I sit much upon as a crouching posture eases both my lumbago and my breathing, this stool I stuffed with black "American Moss,, substitute for hair, a singular long stringed vegetable entanglement, I gave 6d. price a lb. for it.-Read a little more of Moore's Diary, it is a Society book and must go home to-morrow. My dear Lizzy came in the evening with her little budget of gossip. A lady had dined with them to-day who with her little girl was going to join her husband in India, she is painfully afflicted with lame­ ness, has no attendant, and the wonder was how she would manage to dress her child on shipboard. " 0 ! little dressing \\-ill be wanted, we shall get into warmer latitudes every day, I shall put her under the shower bath for a minute, she will only want a frock on, no shoes or stockings, as they have better hold of the deck when barefoot! Children don't become sick, they fall asleep and roll about with the vessel-there is no danger-she will eat anything she can get, to be sure she did fall down the gangway when we came over, but only a few bruises." Mr. B.'s three children had each a servant sent over with them for care, but one of them was killed, so much for chance care and studied care. Read to me the Book of Ezra. Of all these years never knew what it was about before. Poor Ezra, what mortification, what sorrow, how pathetic, but 93 John Henry Clive how noble the resolution of his people to forsake idolatry. to put away their wives, their children, trying situations-those fascinating Moabites, was it sincere, it did not last long-infatuated Jews. Sang that charming Psalm the 23rd, sang it feelingly-goodness and mercy sure.

ci Through life shall follow me." Changed my linen, too feeble to do it before went to bed. Monday. 14th.-Mr. Abbot the curate came in at breakfast from the Vicar kindly in line of duty, to lecture me for not going to Church when a person in deep consumption came to prayers every morning at eight-long conversation-did not seem to understand why one sickly person could not go to Church as well as another. He had breakfasted­ brought me sermon from the Vicar to read-gave him my sermon against eating blood-finally was obliged to tell him, what conceit ! that I thought myself as wise as his Vicar. I had formed my opinions from the Bible compounded with natural religion, and preferred them to the opinions of the "Fathers," who, by the way, I have not studied-said I could not go to his Church, except for Sacrament, because they mangled by nasal twanging my darlings, the Psalms-gave him 2/6 for the Poor's Box.-Curate informed me I was mistaken about the poor funeral, it was Irish, who never go into mourning except the better sort­ let a man hold all his own formed crude opinions at single anchor-they may be wrong.-Cough very weakening. Dined off minced veal. Mr. Fuller called to take me to the Board. Mrs. Clegg called about making her little will-leave all to her mother, after mother's death, if anything left, to her sister-no further trouble from her late husband's friends.­ Went to the Board at Stanley Bridge quarter past 2, things looking up. Money coming in. Ordered Interest on advances to be paid. Mrs. Moore and Lizzy went on in the carriage to call on Lady Kirkpatrick at Hammer­ smith. Lizzy read "Moore's Diary" in the evening, very interesting, real stuff, not imaginative, imprudent like most of his class, but still of the best of them in that respect. Wrong in not accepting a public subscription to relieve his unearned difficulty. He receives from the public for the pleasure of his books more than they need cost.-Why object to receive a little more from same public for same gratification. He would not object if it came through Longmans in shape of a highe'I' price f01 authorship, such is my reasoning. Read one of the Vicar's sermons on the Pharisee and Publican. Think well of it, shows them in a new light-sometimes begs the question, when it favours his views, which mendicity I repulse when it does not favour mine-heh I Isn't that it, or thereabouts ? Promised the Board to apply to S. Child, M.P., to watch the Drainage Bills now in Committee.-Are to have 4/- a foot frontage for all new entrances into our sewers-or mains-by order of Commissioners. Felt all the better for· my ride-nerves-nerves. 0 ! how much the nervous system has to do with all these complaints, wish to get off my application to Mr. Child, foolish to promise. Too ready that tongue, that unruly member, but having promised, ought and must do it.-Worked at my bellows after entering Maidahill accounts. Read 1st Nehemiah, how pathetic, how forcible the reference and appeal to the promise made to Moses.-God is still the same. Tuesday, Mar. 15th.-Loth to get up as usual, lungs loaded.­ Read another of Vicar's sermons. Pleased with it on the whole-new

94 PLATE XX

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WRITTEN BY jOH:S HE:SRY CLIVF. IN 1841

John Henry Clive train of ideas, but when the original text explained these, and most others, bring in some sideway dissertation, which leaves a greater obscurity than you began with, " Darkening Counsel by words without knowledge." Some pretend to explain Christianity; to me it seems inexplicable and doubtless was intended to be-a " mystery " from the beginning. In all my range of knowledge I find nothing so good, so suitable to my case. I accept it, I receive it by faith, not reason, and trust in it. It is from God, and I am fully convinced from what I can see in the natural world, that God's works are good and right from beginning to end-none other could endure. The Judge of all the earth will do right.-Put fasteners, rings and strings to some of Mr. John Harvey's picture frames. By the way, I saw the other day the collection of pictures of the Prince Curino, Lucien Buonaparte-mostly old dry formalities of the regilious school-16th century-doubtless, he is a good Catholic, perhaps fond of antiquities-but as to pictures-why, let that go by.-Blackened my bellows preparatory to the finish. Cough very distressing all morning­ drained, and at last brought me down to the pillow. Revived after dinner-boiled mackerel· and parsnips-made parsnips into pickles to cut the phlegm-bought pickles so hot of spice. Wonder what the clergyman walked up and down the avenue for after the funerals were arrived-why he did not go to bury them. Tried all modes of transla­ tion for quarter-of-an-hour, could not hit upon one-wonder what for well-appointed carriages stop at the gasfitter's house opposite. Is there a dentist there ? No. Lodgers? Can't say. 16th.-Worked at my bellows. Obstinate tenant's wife called to offer half the rent due-refused it. Said her solicitors at Gray's Inn had advised her to see my title to the house-what impertinence ! Told her I would show it to her solicitor with pleasure. She asked if I was willing to pay for his journey, imperti­ nence again-for civility said she should see the title, which she seemed to scan over with more tact than I expected. I expect she should have been a man, and a lawyer in "sharp practice." Soon after the broker called for written warrant to distrain.--Curate called to leave my sermon on the cc sinfulness of eating blood," which he laid on the table without remark, good or bad-how " gratifying " to an author-told me there was a soldier's funeral, one of the Horse Guards, at the Church opposite at half-past two to-morrow-thought I might like to see it­ translated his conduct of yesterday-was waiting for two more funerals to come-how fine a social trait punctuality is-warrant he'll not have to wait for the soldier's to-morrow. Lizzy read in the evening Auto­ biography of Wm. ]erdan, lamented he had not risen in life as his compeers had done-say some of them-we are too apt to look only at half the question, and that the bright half truth is, his talents had not been turned into a flood channel-but floated in still waters. Thursday, 17th.-Letter from Mr. Tyndall asking for statement of Colliery Ledger balances-I excused the delay from infirmity and lack of documents-sent all I could make out. Saw the Soldier's funeral, pretty imposing sight. Noise in the street prevented my hearing the "Dead March in Saul" finely performed from what I could catch of it. These things are well, they charm the observer's eye and gender soldierism which, whilst soldiers are needful, and when will they not be in some form or other, serve to recruit the ranks with volunteers. 95 John Henry Clive

Drove to the Royal Italian Opera House to try to make some arrangement by which Lucy could hear the music through the season. Mr. Gye not returned from Paris--call on Tuesday next. Broker called and had obtained the rent, £3 12s., from refractory tenant, without distraint, so I have expenses to pay. Tenant won't quit.­ Broker thinks my notice doubtful-I had given no Xtian name, not knowing it-will serve a notice of his own. Delays two months. Mr. Kemp called about putting legal -- (can't spell it) words to my will, which I have drawn-said my wording might involve a chancery suit, my conscience ; but so might any, or no wording at all for that matter. Lizzy read '' Jerdan,'' very racy-bits of genuine real life-well described.-Spring catch to my bellows, pleases me, think of it in bed­ much joy in little things-gratias. Mrs. sent me a little batter pudding, a present for my supper-eat it-agreed with me-but nothing beats the mere " simples," still weakened by continual secretion of mucus. Sleep well, no pain, but cramp-gratias !-sent off Mr. Harvey's picture frames. Friday, 18th Mar., 1853.-" Winter, cold winter," thermo. 25°. Wind E. and N.E. Diaries should be written diurnally-I believe, nay, I know it was this day I sent the " Ledger balances " not yesterday. Johnson would not allow Mrs. Thrale to say "a thing happened at one window when it happened at the other," it might lead to wrong and injustice, how true. Very weak with coughing, sometimes doubting if I should get up. "May Bank" weak, but not low-made two lines or rather sung two lines of my making to an old tune- 0 ! give me the heart that you stole from my breast Long, long ago-long ago. Where it reposed in its harbour of rest, Long, long ago-long ago. Iambic and Anapestic feet make a pleasing measure when nicely mixed, better than the continued recurrence of either . one.-Keep working at my bellows.-Lizzy in the evening. Read "Jerdan."­ Six new shirts-determined to wear them without starch. Brummel " go down," tired to death of being cased in cardboard, with my irritable skin-stamped them with my new book stamp and Lucy's stamp ink, very brown-they'll be known, anyhow. (Entered later). Will they! They washed out, clean out! Only way to buy pictures for a friend, pleasing, good and reason­ able.-Say he wants six.-Attend sales and dealers, purchase such as are quite moderate in price, and buy eighteen-send them to your friend­ let him choose and return twelve, which resell-perhaps to some loss, not much, perhaps to a gain. This is always supposing you have a " true eye for a picture." Read Nehemiah, prudent, good man, a pattern for governors and generals, also Psalm 94, 19. " In the multitude of my thoughts within me, thy comforts delight my soul.'' · Mar. 19th.-Rather better getting up-very cold, still below frost.­ Coat new cuffed and buttoned ready for warm weather, 5/6.-Wrote H.G. to make up his mind about retaking shop, etc.-\iVatched the John Henry Clive growth and fructification of my hyacinths-puzzled, sickly, some needful condition of nature, wanting. Thousands of human beings in this great city in the same condition and as hopeless, ignorant what to do and unable to do it, if known-must linger on faintly, bloom and die.­ But this is not the finality of things.-In the Arctics a few caterpillars appear sometimes on the scant herbage, deposited by a errant butterfly some shiny season-but they never become other than caterpillars, never butterflies. I suppose (having no souls), this is finality with them. Forgot to name on Thursday that I went to the National Club, Whitehall Gardens, to have seen Smith Child about the " Grand Drainage Bill," IC not in," "gone to the House," and called at Christies' rooms. Pictures on view, various styles. All cannot be best. All cannot be even good that are so considered.-Not one that I coveted. I do not like sun pictures, why ?-What charming distances to stoop down and view them from between your stride. Sent Lucy about opera box. Roncono don't return till the 28th night before the opening-Gye not come from Paris. Sent her. to Foster's, Pall Mall, about "A Renter's Share," won't do for any but gentlemen playgoers.-Properties of Old Opera House, Haymarket, "Her Majesties Theatre," to be sold and scattered, no bidder for the whole £12,000. Quite amused at in looking over catalogue : " ro Magicians' Shirts," " 30 Devil's Dresses," "43 Slaves' Jackets," "four Roman Shirts," "34 Snakes," "117 pair of Wings," "a Boa Constrictor" and a "Peacock's Tail." Lizzy went with Mrs. Moore to hunt out a school at Merton, called a College, but not known as such in the neighbourhood, proved a common rough enough school inflated-so tired she could not read in the evening. Continued Nehemiah. It seems about 50,000 came up from captivity, many could not show their genealogy and were not counted, except as strangers. Cough rather better, had by order a bread pudding for supper. Not sit so easy as the simples-something mixed caused extra fermentation.-Read the 97 Psalm, '' Light is sown for the righteous and gladness for the upright in heart, vii." Those must be of the righteous who are always striving (though often fail) in the right way­ or with upright heart " which will include all pious Mahomedans and and Pagans." Sunday, 2oth.-Knocked the coffee pot over as soon as I had made coffee-clean cloth-pretty mess-took it quietly-rather better getting up this morning. Thermo below frost (wind N.), wonder if change of place would alter my sensations. Like bustling Proby on third floor­ never spoke to him. He often tosses a halfpenny to the crossing sweeper, passes him first, and then tosses it back in a pet seemingly-but I think he shuns thanks-he is going to be married, " Mrs. Grundy says," and I daresay she knows by this time. for I heard it reported three months ago. Primed my bellows ready for to-morrow, received them with much complacency, hush. It is as pleasing to see oneself in wood or in stone as in "print,' why not! Longed for dinner time. Waste kept up by good appetite and mild, unstimulating food.-Why does the girl delay the feast to bring? My long'd-for luxury, my mid-day meal. To-day Hodie two sausages, well stuff'd, embrown'd and turnips. Weakes babes of mother earth with stout potatoes, p'raps Oxnobles, p'raps Regents of higher name, Hibernia's staff now waning in repute-what can exceed the joy of eating? What recur so oft? With gusto still uncloying-what ?­ mouth, cease thy watering; she comes, she comes. John Henry Clive

Chosen and sent by Moore, by some called More, a word of omen, pleasure yet to come. I do not reckon sausages among the simples, but palate and friends and pocket combine against you-what can frail flesh do? The wind rather veers to west again-betaking change-wonder what Vincent the clock maker is about, is he sick ?-Decamped with my money and my wheels-six weeks instead of ten days as promised, no Solomon. In coaling the fire this morning, why not use coal as a verb as well as fire ? The language is indebted to me for several useful shortening expressive words. I say in coaling the fire. I scraped two pieces from separate parts of the heap that I believed had once been joined together, it was not so, but it might have been-well, what of that. It suggested to me an analogy, a parallel for immortality. These pieces, after a long separation, it may be met again-they had bt-.en as one in the mine-they retained their ancient habits propensities, and properties-how they might talk of their former coal-escence-pardon the pun-recall to each other the time when they grew as vegetation in primeaval wastes, how floods came and whelmed them in the deeps with other debris intermixed, how loads of matter accumulated on them--crush, crush-how they were in time upli.eaved by some mighty force, perhaps gradually. and how they ultimately came again to-day in a frigid clime though born in a torrid. All this is somewhat feasible, but when, as at this moment, fire has sublimed them, dissolved them, into air, thin air, and dispersed their elements to the winds. though those elements may meet again and again, combine in some other formation-there is no analogous reason for supposing they would any longer possess their habits, propensities and properties as in the coal era-they could no longer confer of their ancient state in the mine-it is a contradiction to suppose it-they have not the fully combined material to do so-nor is it likely beatified spirits will have the "material" for mundane reminiscence-it would be fatal to their happiness (bliss) to possess it. Heated a bit of steel to be ready for my bellows. Lizzy brought in the Illus. News, always at least one picture interesting to me. Told her to look at the fine bronze statue of James 2nd, behind White­ hall. Of bad odour, or he would have been translated. Put Morland,s Beerhouse in its new frame temporarily, frame two inches too wide, though made for it-damaged the frame-put picture in upside down­ let it remain-it can't be seen in the recess-the fate of one half of all pictures, good and bad. Read Nehemiah and Psalms-Lizzy came in late­ washed and shifted---- HERE THE DIARY ENDS, ABRUPTLY.

John Henry Clive died at Hastings, 24th October, 1853,1 in his 73rd year, and was buried beside his second ,vife in the Abbey Cemetery, Bath. The inscription on the gravestone, which is of unusual design, is of Rath stone surmounted by a gunmetal or bronze

1 The Staffordshire Advertiser has the following notice of October, 1853 :-·• On the 24th instant, at Hastings, Sussex, in his 73rd year, John Henry Clive, Esq., formerly or Chell House, Staffordshire, and late of Bath." 98 PLATE XXI

TllE CL!\'E ;,.JEMORIAL IN BATH ABREY CHURCHYARD

John Henry Clive mullet (taken from the Clive arms}, with inscriptions on each side in raL~d letters :- Here ,est the. ,emains of Elizabeth, wife of John Henry Clive, Esq., of Che/,l House, Staffordshire, and ,elict of john Roylance, of Manor Hall, in the County of Chester. She died at Bath, Nov., I Ith, 1844,. in her 59th year. and on the reverse He,-e rest the remains of John Henry Clive, Esq., of Chell House, Staffordshire. He died at Hastings, Oct. 24,th, 1853, in his 73rd year. There are several texts on the stone, one of which is­ " Mark the perfect man and behold the upright, for the end of that man is peace.''-Psalm 37, 37. Also Elizabeth Roylance Clive. July 17th, 1894. Also Lucy, nee Clive, sister of the above, the good, gentle, loving wife of Dr. Christopher Smith, Feb. 25th, 1902. Also Dr. Christopher Smith, who died November 25th, 1905, aged 84. There is a pink monthly China rose still doing well at each end of the grave. It was an old bush when the present curator (Mr. H. S. Perrin) went there fifty years ago. This particular rose was only introduced in this country in 1840. Col. Harry Clive has now some cuttings of this rose also doing well in his garden at Willoughbridge.

99 john Henry Clive

John Henry Clive made his will on the 24th March, 1853, at 17, Michaels Place, Brampton, London, W. He desires to be buried by the side of his late dear wife, at the new cemetery belonging to the Abbey Church, in the City of Bath. He leaves annuities to his daughters, Elizabeth Roylance Clive and Lucy Clive, charged on his estate at Clayhills, Tunstall, and the residue for the use of his son, Henry Clive, for his natural life, and then to the first and every other son or sons of his son, Henry Clive. His land and estate of Broomhills to his son Henry. Legacies to his daughter Anne Harvey, wife of William Kenwright Harvey, and to his daughters, Elizabeth Roylance and Lucy, and an annuity to Joshua Pendleton, of Tunstall, arranged through the Cheadle Savings Bank. Shares in the Tunstall Building Society to his daughters, Elizabeth, Lucy, Anne Harvey, son-in-law Henry Meir, grand­ son Arthur Clive Meir, and grand-daughter Elizabeth Lucy Meir (afterwards Mrs. Cotterill Harvey). Shares in the Metropolitan Sewage Manure Company, of London, to grandson Arthur Meir, and daughters Elizabeth, Lucy, Mary Meir, and daughter Anne Harvey. Twenty of his best oil paintings to his son, Henry Clive, to be selected by himself, and remainder of his oil paintings to his daughters, son-in-law Henry Meir, his late ward, Thomas Cartlich, of Chell Lodge, and Marion Llewellyn, daughter of his late ward, Sarah Cartlich (the first wife of Thomas Llewellyn, solicitor, of Tunstall). His bullion gold diamond pin to his late ward and friend, Thomas Cartlich. His best diamond ring to his friend, Smith Child, Esq., M.P. His gold enamelled ring and various settings to his friend, Francis Stanier, Esq., of Newcastle. To the poor of Tunstall, £5. Residue to his son Henry. (Signed) John Henry Clive. Executors : Henry Meir, Thomas Cartlich and He!l,ry Clive. Witnesses : Edward Kemp, Mary Anne Clegg. Proved in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, 22nd November, 1853.

IOO PLATE XXII

Arms of Clive of North Staffordshire (as on record at the College of Arms. London).

Arg. on a fess between three wolves heads erased sa. as many mullets of the field all within a bordure engrailed erminois. Crest : a griffi,n statant arg. holding in the beak a mullet sa.

John Henry Clive

There are two oil portraits of him ; one a duplicate of the other. We believe the one now in possession of Col. Harry Clive at Willoughbridge may have been the original, and has the name of Sarah Cartlich as owner on the back. My impression is that it was painted for her before her marriage when she was living with Clive as her guardian; she was only a very small infant when her own parents died. In later years it had been in the possession of the eldest great-grandson of the subject of the picture, namely, John Henry Clive, of Aberfoyle, born 1866. The other was in the possession of Robert Clive, at Staindrop Lodge, near Chapeltown, Yorkshire. It used to hang in the dining-room at Gravenhunger, and came from Mrs. Anne Harvey. It gives me the impression that it was painted by Michael Keeling, who painted many portraits of local families, 1 including the Sneyds, of Keele, in the early 20:,s of the last century and later. Elizabeth, the second wife of John Henry Clive, had died at Bath, rrth November, 1844, aged 58 years and seven months.

1 I have the portraits of my great-grandparents (William and Sarah Adams. of Fenton Hall), painted in 1819 by Michael Keeling ; the style of painting see11ns the same. He was a a pupil of Sir Thomas Lawrence, P.R.A., who was a friend of our family.

lOI

ANNE (HA~COCK) 1810.] Ili,::-:R\' Cl.lVE [18(\,j 1 ~ l-1] Ci-:01Ha. l..!.oYL\'.\CE CLl\'E l8Hi] [188\J l\}Rj, lltl'iHY {;J,J\'~ OF ll1wu:.111ILL ANU UIIJIJU,l'll

CHAPTER II.

Henry Clive, of Broomhill, Tunstall, and of Biddulph, 1810-1865. enry Clive, eldest surviving son of John Henry Clive and Lydia (Cash) his first wife was born 30th August, 1810, H and baptised at St. John's, Lane End, Longton, 14th November, 1810. Of Broomhill, Tunstall, and The Moor House, Biddulph, Staffordshire. He married, 25th August, 1842, at St. George, Everton, Liverpool, Anne, daughter of Thomas Hancock,1 of Liverpool, a Captain in the Merchant Service, who carried on his voyages, Letters of Marcque, a commission given to him by the British Government to make reprisals on vessels of another country. This was, of course, at the time of the Napoleonic Wars, when under Pitf's administration, Letters of Marcque were granted to sieze all Russian, Swedish and Danish ships on the high seas, which countries had formed what was called "The League of Armed Neutrals". She was born 27th May, 1816, and baptised at Christ Church, Liverpool. Henry and Anne Clive had issue :- I. John Henry Clive, Mining Engineer, of Burslem, Staffordshire, born at Broomhill, 25th May, 1843, baptised Christ Church, Tunstall, 25th June, 1843, married St. Margaret's> Wolstanton, 6th July, 1865, Charlotte Hannah, daughter of Enoch Wedgwood, of Tunstall, and The Limes, W olstanton, a Justice of the Peace for Staffordshire, and Master Potter. She was born 7th March, baptised Christ Church, Tunstall, 16th April, 1843. He died at Bonchurch, Isle of Wight, 5th May, 1871, and she died at her home of Holm Wykeham on the 1Iathon Road, West Malvern Worcestershire, on the 25th August, 1919, and lies buried in S. James' Churchyard, West Malvern. They had issue:- ra. John Henry Clive, born 28th May, 1866, baptised S. Margaret's, Wolstanton, 6th July, 1866. Of Crulvona, Aberfoyle, Perthshire, and of Oban, Argyllshire. He was 1 Anne, Mrs. Henry Clive, was the daughter of Thomas Hancock by Ellen, daughter of Thomas Martin, his wife. She was first cousin to Margaret Martin-daughter of Joseph Martin-who married James Myott, of Brooklands, Pipe Gate, Market Drayton, Salop (partner In Clive, Son & Myott, Clanway Collieries, Stoke-on-Trent) for his first wife. Thomas and Joseph Martin were sons of Thomas Martin, of the Isle of Man (1747-1830) and Ellen (Leicester), his wife (1756-1829).

103 John Henry Clive educated from 1877 to 1880 at the High School, Newcastle­ under-Lyme, when F. E. Kitchener was Headmaster; and at Ancott House, Malvern. He had very much wanted ~o be in the regular Army, but this was discouraged by his mother. In 1886 he became Lieut. 1st Batt. Vol. North Staffs. Regt. Captain 1891. Retired in 1901. He was fond of sailing. A good cricketer in his young days. Of good manners, he was an excellent dancer. He was also an unusually satisfactory amateur photographer. His cousin, Alice Wedgwood, said she nearly fell off her seat in the Strangers' Gallery of the House of Commons when the late Colonel, then Captain Percy Archer Clive (of Whitfield, Herefordshire), M.P. for South Herefordshire, rose to speak, for she said it was John Henry's voice. Evidently John Henry had the Clive voice very obviously. He said that his great-grandfather's father was Col. Richard Clive, but he does not seem to have left any documentary evidence of it. After his marriage, he lived at his house of Crulvona, Aberfoyle, in Perthshire, but part of the year at Loyala, The Carran, Ohan. Crulvona was sold after his widow's death. He married, 19th October, 1910, at St. Andrew's, Bath, Amy Maude Maria, youngest daughter of Col. William J. Cooke, India Staff Corps, of Kingsburgh, Malvern Link, Worcestershire. Marriage settlements dated 17th October, 1910, of which Col. Wm. Cooke, of Cory Hill, Frimley, Surrey, was one of the trustees. He was married by his wife's brother-in­ law, the Rev. Robert Bren. John Henry Clive died without issue at Ohan 26th August, 1932, and lies buried at Ohan Cemetery, and his widow died at Glasgow 4th April, 1933. She was brought to Ohan to be buried beside him. ra. Anne, died 12th February, 1869, aged 15 weeks, buried St. Margaret's Wolstanton. 2a. Alice, died rst October, 1871, aged g months, buried St. Margaret's, Wolstanton. A few years after the death of her husband, Mrs. Charlotte Hannah Clive went with her son, John Henry Clive, to live with her brother, Edmund Mattison Wedgwood, 1 (see footnote on page 105) at May Place, \¥olstanton, for Mrs. Wedgwood, his wife (Mary, eldest daughter of Joseph Alcock, J.P., of Longport) had died 27th May, 1875, aged 31, and soon

104 PLATE XXIV

THE ::\fOOR Hot:SE BIDDULPli 1890

THE ~fooR HousE B100UI.PH 1S57

PLATE XXV

1813] ENOCH W1mGwoon [18i9 1814] JANE (MATTISON) l\lRS. E. WEDGWOOD [1880

------

i l I

1821) DR. CHRISTOPHER SMITH [1905 185il FRANCIS BIDDULPH CLIVF, [1919 CLERK IN Ho1.v 0Roi-:Rs

John Henry Clive after the death of her father, Enoch Wedgwood, in 1879, she followed her brother Edmund to The Limes. 2. George Roylance Clive, born Broomhill, baptised Christ Church, Tunstall, 6th October, 1844. Migrated to Australia. He married 27th January, 1875, and died there in the November following. 3. Robert Clement Clive, of Gravenhunger, Woore, Shropshire, of whom hereafter. 4. William Bolton Clive, of Clanway House, of whom hereafter. 5. Herbert Clive, born at Broomhill, 22nd August, 1850, baptised Christ Church, Tunstall, 31st March, 1851, died in Australia. 6. Stephen Clive, born 7th September, 1852, at Broom­ hill, baptised Christ Church, Tunstall, 20th October, 1852. Master potter, of Well Street Potteries, Tunstall, 1875-1880, afterwards of U.S.A., New Jersey. Married Helen Jackson, of New Jersey, and died in 1889 at New Jersey. He had one son who died in infancy. 7. Francis Biddulph Clive, born at The Moor House, Biddulph, 18th May, 1857, baptised St. Lawrence, Biddulph, 28th June, 1857. Clerk in holy orders. Educated St. John's College, Cambridge. Deacon 1884. Priest 1885. Curate of Bodalla, Parish of Gouldwin, New South Wales. Vicar of Holy Trinity, Ingham, N. Queensland. Vicar of Kings Sombome, Hants, 1901. Married at Holy Trinity, Southport, in 1890, Georgina, daughter of William Bates, of Rode House,

I Edmund Mattison Wedgwood (Master Potter, of Wedgwood & Co., Tunstall), bom 4tll October, 1840. died 21st September, 1904, was buried at St. Margaret's, Wolstanton. leaving two daughters-I, Edith, Mrs. Wrigley, of Huddersfield, and 2, Alice, wife of Walter Leonard Wilson, of Devonshire Place, Birkenhead. He was the elder son of Enoch Wedgwood. of The Limes, Wolstanton, Master Potter. and of Tunstall, of the firm of Enoch Wedgwood & Co., and previously partner in the firm of Podmore, Walker & Co. (born 1813, died 27th May, 1879,aged 65) by Jane, his wife (died 31st August, 1880,agecl 66, buried St. Margaret's). daughter of Henry Mattison, of Tunstall. Enoch Wedgwood, born 1813, was the second son of Isaac Wedgwood and Charlotte (Cork), his wife. Isaac Wedgwood, born 1786. died 1821, was the son of Isaiah (more generally called Josiah) Wedgwood, ofTunstall, Printers and Booksellers­ Josiah Wedgwood & Son, in Parson & Bradshaw's Directory, of 1818-and Anne, his wife. /,f/17

This Josiah, or Isaiah, Wedgwood, died 2nd December, 1823. He was probably 1st cousin once removed to Josiah Wedgwood, 1730-1795, the famous Potter, of Etruria. Vide A History of the Wedgwood Family. by J.C. Wedgwood M.P., 1908-(Lord Wedgwood, of Barlaston).

ro5 John Henry Clive

Cheshire, and died at Pine Cottage, Arncliff, Sydney, New South Wales, in November, 1919. He was buried at Lake Bathhurst. She died at Sydney, New South Wales, in 1939, leaving no issue. I. Helen, born at Broomhill, 27th July, 1854, baptised Christ Church, Tunstall, 31st August, 1854. Married at St. Bertoline, Barthomley, Cheshire, 14th November, 1882, Arthur Henry Leech, of Wigan, Lancashire, mining engineer, born 21st August, 1855, son of William Henry Leech, of Ellesmere House, Pemberton, near Wigan. Arthur Henry Leech died at Southport 19th March, 1927, and Helen, his wife, 24th October, 1934, leaving issue : one son, Arthur Clive Leech, born 23rd October, 1885, who married Mary Isobel Greener (he was killed in action in the Great War, leaving two daughters, Margery Clive and Helen Mary Clive) and three daughters, Nora, born 1885; Dorothy, born 1888, and Helena, born 1889, married to Clair Isherwood Scowcroft. Before his marriage, and while his father was living at least part of the year either in London or at Bath, Henry Clive kept on Clanway House, and was there in 1840 (two years before his marriage), when he received a letter there from his father's ward, Thomas Cartlich, who was then staying in Scotland. The Williamsons referred to in the letter were friends, and a well-known family of the district. Clentore, July 9th. 1840. (Kirkcaldy) My Dear Henry, With this, I put into the post a letter to Mr. Williamson in requesting him to pay the year's rent of ironstone, coal and land to you if you will be kind enough to call soon. Stated was anxious to collect a little cash for a small investment. We must get the money soon by some means, he being rather of the slippery order. I, with Mr. Watt and man, are going to-morrow sixty miles north into Forfar with intention of pur­ chasing some sheep, a journey in which I shall take great delight. Am quite well, hope you all in the Potteries of my acquaintance are the same. With best love to you all. I remain, in great haste, Yours sincerely, THOMAS CARTLICH. P.S.-Will make every enquiry respecting the ware. Henry Clive was a Colliery Proprietor, described as a Coal Master, in White's Directory of r85r, and was in partnership in the Clanway Collieries, Tunstall, with the Childs of Newfield (Sir Smith Child, rst Bart.), as Child and Clive taking over the interest in the colliery in succession to his father. He was a

106 PLATE XXVI

1843] ]OHS HE~RY (LIVE [18'il 1843] (P.AHI.nrn: HA:O-XAH \VEOGWOOD [1!}19 1h,.;. J OiiX HEX RY CLIVE

1 P.. -.~.--~_;_:·:·-"'_~_,·:·...:··:_·,--~-;-:_:_•_•-~.·.:~_~.~-~---:_·.:_,.~--:. __-:·_. .~_?:.;:.tt~_~_,_~-::_~_t_\;~•"fI/:~ ·· · -- . · ·· · -· :r~r r . -~. _-,~ "'2.:>;,-.._:-}::_:f:.:-:::

. -:.· . . : :.;·.. ·': )-~·;- !··'.::/if

.. ~{i:~tfi~:.: -·: m;i~;_;,,c;,_

1846] ROBERT CLEMEST CLIVE (1930 184ti] :'.\L~RY DALE (PEAKE) (1933 OF GRAYE.SHUSGER }IHS. ROBERT C. CLIVE

John Henry Clive member of the General Board of Health of the Township of Tunstall, in the Parish of Wolstanton. He lived, on his marriage, at Broomhill, Tunstall-a very nice little property given to him by his father-which commanded a good view of the undulating country of Chatterley and Bradwell Wood, removing to The Moor House, Biddulph, four years after the death of his father. The Moor House and other property in Biddulph was the old paternal estate of Sir Beville Stanier,Bart., M.P. (1867-1921), grandson of Francis Stanier, of the Moor House, and of New­ castle-under-Lyme, who died at Madeley Manor in 1856. It was, I believe, the latter's son, Francis Stanier (afterwards of Peplow, Salop), who enlarged the house, and built the tower as shown in Plate XXIV. I have a letter from Henry Clive, dated June, 1854, regretting he was unable to be present at the celebrations at Greenfield on the coming of age of my father, William Adams (1833- 1905), but congratulating him on attaining his majority and expressing a hope that the flag at Greenfield might wave for many years over the grandson of a Breeze. My father's mother was the daughter and co-heiress of Jesse Breeze, of Greenfield-a sporting character well known to all the sporting families around, especially to the Woods, of Brownhills ; Cartlichs, of Sandyford ; Clives ; Adams, of Greengates ; Henshall William­ sons, and Bateman's of Biddulph. I see that in the list of subscribers to the Almshouses erected in Biddulph as a memorial to John Bateman, 17th December, 1858, Henry Clive, of Moor House, subscribed £5. Henry Clive died 1st April, 1865, at The Moor House, in the 55th year of his age, and was buried at St. Lawrence, Biddulph. His widow continued at Biddulph for a few months, but removed to Clanway in 1865, to Lawton in 1871, to Alsager in 1879, to Brownhills in 1881, to Dorrington, near Woore, in 1882, to Clanway Cottage in 1885, and died there on the 4th ~larch, 1889. She was buried beside her husband in the beautiful churchyard of Biddulph, where there is a tomb to their memory with this inscription :- HERE RESTS THE REMAINS OF HENRY CLIVE, WHO DIED AT MOOR HOUSE, BIDDULPH, ON THE rst APRIL, MDCCCLXV., IN THE LVth YEAR OF HIS AGE. HERE ALSO LIE THE REMAINS OF ANN CLIVE, WIFE OF HENRY CLIVE, WHO DIED AT CLANWAY ON THE IVth OF MARCH, MDCCCLXXXIX, IN THE LXXVIth YEAR OF HER AGE. John Henry Clive

I cannot remember this Mrs. Henry Clive, for I was only just fourteen years of age, when she died, but she was well known to my aunt, Jane Adams, and uncle, Thomas Adams, who were living at Greenfield, near Tunstall, which was only some three fields away from Clanway Cottage; but I remember being stopped in the streets of Tunstall and asked after the health of her son, Col. Robert Clive (before he died in I930) by an old lady, who said how she had known Mrs. Henry Clive very well, and how she used to attend the " rd. readings " (similar, I believe, to "Mothers' Meetings" of to-day) with many other old ladies held at Clanway. When part way through the meeting, they had a cup of tea and cake and ten minutes' chat, but "no gossip, mind "-I have a large screen here at Woore covered with cuttings from Punch and the Illustrated News and other papers, which I once lent to the village hall at Woore for some theatricals. Col. Clive came up to me and asked where I had got it from, and on the information that it had come from a Tunstall Bazaar many years ago, he told me his mother had made it, for she had taken a deep interest in Tunstall and in the Church life there. Hilda (Mrs. Horace Clive) sends a more interesting reminiscence from her father ; how his mother, being a woman of strong character, is known to have stood on a coal dump and rallied her workmen at the Clanway Collieries and persuaded them to resist striking during the unrestful labour period of the Fifties, with the result that being the only pit left working, prosperous times accrued, so much so that the miners in gratitude for her foresight, collected a substantial sum of money and presented her with a gold and enamel locket and chain representing a Bible, inside which were small portraits of herself and her husband and duly inscribed. Mrs. Anne Clive's bachelor brother, George Binc Hancock, died 19th December, 1857, at Lisbon, Portugal. His portrait is in possession of his great niece, Florence May Clive, eldest daughter of William Bolton Clive, of Chell Lodge.

ROBERT CLEMENT CLIVE, 1846-1930, . of Gravenhunger, Salop. Robert Clement Clive, third son of Henry and Anne Clive, of The Moor House, Biddulph, and previously of Broomhill, Tunstall, was born 18th January, 1846, and baptised at Christ Church, Tunstall, 13th April, 1846. He married at Holy Trinity

I08 John Henry Clive

Church, Hartshill, Mary Dale, second daughter and eventually co-heiress, (with her sisters, Mrs. William Mellor Meigh, of Ash Hall, and Mrs. Joseph Guy Knight, of Aston Hall,) of Joseph Peake, of Stoneyfields House,1 near Newcastle-under-Lyme, on the 13th July, 1876. They went to live at Lawton Mere, Lawton, on the borders of North Staffordshire and Cheshire; a few years later to Hartshill, and in 1899, on the death of Mrs. Thomas Cartlich, to Gravenhunger, Woore, which he eventually purchased. Gravenhunger Hall is a charming old house with a Queen Anne front. The back of the house is obviously very much older, where the rooms upstairs are in odd places, up a step and down a step from a short passage; it is very attractive. The brass locks to the polished oak doors are of the Queen Anne type, with double locks. There is a fine oak staircase with spiral balustrades. It is a local tradition that Queen Margaret tarried at the house in 1459 (Margaret of Anjou, the faithful and spirited wife of Henry VI.). After witnessing the defeat of her army at Blore Heath from the tower of Mucklestone Church, she fled to Eccleshall, to receive the episcopal hospitality and succour of Eccleshall Castle, then a strong and fortified place. It is also said she stopped at the old Manor House at Madeley. As Mr. Yonge (the Revd. Weston E. Vernon Yonge), of Charnes, says in his Bypaths of Staffordshire, page 44, this is probably correct, as the Queen may have made the detour to baffle her pursuers, as she had had her horse's shoes reversed by the Mucklestone blacksmith.

l The children of Joseph Peake, born at Hanley, 23rd July, 1814, and Mary (Dale), his wife-born 8th May, 1815, at Bucknall (married at St. John's, Hanley, 8th September, 1842)-are as follows :- 1. Joseph James Peake, born 31st July, 1844, died I Ith November following. 2. Joseph Peake, born 20th.,October, 1851 died unmarried 28th July, 1896. buried Hartshill. 3. John Peake, born 29th July, 1853, died unmarried in Rio de Janiero, 4th October, 1892. 4. James Dale Peake, born 22nd November, 1857, at Stoneyfields, Newcastle, died unmarried 12th July, 1888. 5. Anita Maria, born 10th May, 1846, married William Mellor Meigh, of Ash Hall, near Bucknall, Stoke-on-Trent, leaving issue. 6. Mary Dale, born 16th February, 1849, married Robert Clement Clive, 13th July 1876, leaving issue. 7. Florencia (Hencie), born 1st January, 1856, at Stoneyfields, married Joseph Guy Knight, of Aston Hall, Stone, 14th August, 1884 (eldest son of Joseph Knight, of Longfield, Stoke-upon-Trent, and Mary Ferrier, his wife, daughter of George Wells Holt, of Great Yarmouth), leaving issue. (Florencia Knight-1946-is the only member of the family of Peake still living.) ] ohn Henry Clive

From at least one window from Gravenhunger a pleasant view can be obtained of the Maer Hills, and another is in the direction of Lea Head, in Aston, with its black and white timbered Manor House, and is equally lovely. Lea Head is an unspoilt old mansion house. It has looked much the same as it did in 1671, when it was built to replace the older Manor House that was burnt down a year or so earlier. That house, beside the moat, in the reign of Elizabeth belonged, with Aston, to the Bucknall family. William Bucknall, 1584-1668, lived there, and from him the estate came in direct descent to the Bucknall Lloyds, of Shrewsbury, through the marriage in 1758 of Mary, daughter and heiress of John Bucknall with John Lloyd, of Shrewsbury. The Lloyd family, of Shrewsbury, sold Lea Head and Aston Manor some fifteen years ago. Gravenhunger, with Woore and Dorrington, were Domes­ day Manors, and held by William Malbanc. Nicholas de Audley 15, Richard II., was seised of Gravenhunger. Later, in the time of Elizabeth, it came into possession of the Corbet family ; this refers to the over-lordship; for the Manor of Woore and Gravenhunger was the inheritance of Sir John Bromley in the 15th century, from whom one portion was inherited by the Bulkeleys and another by the Kenricks. In 1632 the Manor of Woore was returned as held by the Kenricks, but a dispute arose and the Bulkeleys appear to have held several Courts as Lords of the Manor. The Kenricks eventually came into undisputed possession. In Tudor times, the principal family in Gravenhunger was that of Clayton, or Cleaton, and they retained it until the 18th century. A full account is given in W oore, by the Rev. R. C. Purton, M.A. ; Transactions of the Shropshire Archaeological, Society, Vol. LL, pt. 2, 1943, pp. 111-126. Robert Clement Clive and Mary Dale, his wife, had issue :­ I. Robert Clive, born at Lawton Mere, Lawton, Cheshire, 3rd February, 1878, of whom hereafter. 2. Harry Clive, born at Hartshill, Stoke-upon-Trent, 7th May, 1880, of whom hereafter. I. Hilda Mary, born Hartshill, 17th September, 1883, married St. Leonard's, Woore, 26th July, 1911, Horace Oppen­ heimer, born 22nd June, 1880, educated at vVestminster School, served in the Royal Garrison Artillery in the Great War as Lieutenant (son of David Oppenheimer, of London). Took the name of Clive on his marriage, by deed poll, 26th July, 1911, and has issue :-

IIO v-r .,~.# >i ... !

•....._ ...... ,r.(, , ~· IJ·:: ;'Ci,}.;

RoJJERT AND MARV CLlVE's \VEDDl~G 1876 REV, SA:-.IVEL Nu.-:-., Evr-.L..-~ A1-cocR, RonERT CJ.El\lENT C1.1v1!, STEPHEN CLIVE, REV, JosE:r11 \VESTDURY, HEJ,EN C1,IVE, (~lRs, Vmmos V ONGE) (Mm,. Lt!.v.cn) ]oHN PEAKI<:, 1\JARY DALE }lEAKE (~fas. R. C. CLIVE) F1.oRE!llCIA PrUKE, ALFRED 1\lElGH, ANNE HEATH J OllN ALCOCK (MRS, KNIGHT)

John Henry Clive

Ia. Roger Clive, born London, 8th May, 1914, baptised All Saints', Norfolk Square, educated Rugby. Died 16th December, 1935, as the result of an aeroplane accident. His name is associated with his maternal grandfather and grandmother, Robert and Mary Clive, in the Clive memorial window, at the west end of Hartshill Parish Church of Holy Trinity, Stoke-upon-Trent, men­ tioned on page 115. 2a. Nigel David Clive, born in London, 13th July, 1917. Educated at Stowe. and Christ Church College, Oxford. Served in the World War. Major M.C. Seconded from Middlesex Yeomanry to Special Service. 3a. David Clive, born London, 21st July, 1921. Educated at Marlborough. Served in the World War. ivla j or rst Rifle Brigade. 1a. Rosalie Grace, born London, 18th February, 1913, lived two days. 2. Mabel, born 6th September, 1885. Died 16th March, 1887. Robert Clive used to say that one of his earliest recollections was being taken to London to see his grandfather, John Henry Clive, at the age of five years, and to be taken to the 1851 Exhi­ bition to see his grandfather's model of his suspension bridge. The circumstance was especially impressed upon his memory, for one of his aunts, Elizabeth Roylance (Lizzie), or Lucy, took him in hand, and he felt so very ashamed, for one of these aunts would insist in putting a veil over his face for fear it would freckle, for it was a very sunny day. The leading article in the Staffordshire Evening Sentinel gives a good conception of his career:- . F-rom the "Evening Sentinel," Ap-ril 15th, 1930 (Leading Article). A NOBLE CAREER. Colonel R. C. Clive, of Gravenhunger, Woore, whose death we have the melancholy duty of recording to-day, played a distinguished part in the life of North Staffordshire for well over half-a-century. As business man, Churchman, Volunteer, Councillor, Chief Bailiff, Infirmary Presi­ dent and Magistrate, and in his family circle, he ever had before him the loftiest ideals. Even at the age of 84, and on the very day of his death, he was engaged in his commercial and magisterial duties, so teaching to the last the lesson of industry and service which his whole life exemplified. Those who knew him, whether intimately or remotely, will treasure his memory, and receive from the contemplation of his life a new vision of the privilege and responsibility of citizenship. Colonel Clive welcomed the one and abundantly discharged the other.

III John Henry Clive

From "Evening Sentinel.'' Ajwil 15th, 1930. With profound regret. which will be shared by all sections of the public. we record the death of Colonel R. C. Clive. of Gravenhunger. Woore. who passed away last evening at the North Staffordshire Royal Infirmary. as the result of injuries received in an accident at Goldenhill. He was 84 years of age. The circumstances of Colonel Clive's death give an added poignancy to the close of a long, active and honourable career. About 4-30 yesterday afternoon. Colonel Clive left his marl works at Tunstall, his intention being to board a motor bus. He was knocked down by the vehicle, and received severe head injuries. He was attended by Dr. Berrington. of Tunstall. and was then taken to hospital. but he lived only three hours after admission. Lieutenant Colonel and Honorary Colonel Clive was born in 1846 at Tunstall. where for several generations his ancestors had been colliery proprietors. His father was Mr. Henry Clive. of Broomhills Hall. He spent a considerable part of his early life at Biddulph, and was educated at the Grammar School, Congleton, afterwards entering the office of Mr. R. Heath (father of the present Mr. Robert Heath) at Biddulph. There he remained until the death of his father. He then took up the management of Clanway Colliery, a pit that has long ceased to be worked. For many years until his death he was the head of the firm of Clive Brothers, Newfield Brick and Marl Works. Tunstall. In addition to being head of Clive Brothers. Colonel Clive was a director of J. Gimson & Co. (1919). Limited. stilt manufacturers, Fenton. and Chairman of Directors of the Furlong Mills Company. Limited. Burslem. In spite of his 84 years. he took a keen interest in business affairs, his physical and mental activity being remarkable. It was in April. 1871, that Colonel Clive began his connection with Local Governing. He was then elected a member of the Tunstall Local Board, on which body he soon made his mark. He was appointed Chairman and Chief Bailiff. in 1873, and continued to serve on the local authority-through all its vicissitudes as the Old Board of Health and later as the District Council-until April. 1902. when he resigned. In April, 1873, Colonel Clive was elected a member of the Wolstanton and Burslem Board of Guardians. becoming Vice-Chairman in 1876 and Chairman in the following year, and retiring in 1900. He was appointed on the Wolstanton and Burslem Union Assess­ ment Committee in 1874. becoming Vice-Chairman in 1879 and Chairman in 1883. The latter position he filled until his resignation seven years later. For some years before County Councils came into being, Colonel Clive was a member of the County Police Committee and County Asylums Committee, and since the formation of the Staffordshire County Council, he had been a member of the Standing Joint Committee. Besides this, he was an old member of the Gaol Committee, and a visitor of the Coton Hall Asylum, of which he was also Vice-President and a-Trustee.

!12 GRAVENHUNGER, \\'ouKF:, 511RrJl'SJllRE

John Henry Clive

As a Volunteer, Colonel Clive's record goes back more than 6o years. Joining as Ensign tn 1867, in No. 13 (Kidsgrove) Company, he was pro­ moted Captain in 1876, and Major in 1888. He subsequently commanded the 5th North Staffordshire Battalion of Volunteers, retiring with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel Commandant and Honorary Colonel. It was an immense gratification to him to know that his son, Colonel Harry Clive, C.B., O.B.E., T.D., D.L., has also had such a dis­ tinguished career in the Territorial Movement. He now commands the Staffordshire Infantry Brigade, after being the C.O. of the 5th North Staffords for a number of years. A devoted member of the Church of England, Col. Clive gave much time to Church work. He was churchwarden at Tunstall, Lawton and Hartshill, and trained Choirs at all those churches, as well as at Rode Heath. He made a special study of Church music, and was a musician of considerable ability. Another phase of his career was the part he played in connection with local philanthropic institutions. So far back as 1917-18, he was President of the North Staffordshire Royal Infirmary., and at the time of his death he was one of its Honorary Vice-Presidents. Moreover he was the oldest member of its General Committee, Honorary Auditor and a member of the Finance Committee. He was the oldest member of the Staffordshire Nursing Institution and Nurses' Home at Hartshill. It was about 60 years ago that this Institution was founded by the late Bishop Sir Lovelace Stamer, and Co1one1 Clive was one of its original members. Similarly, he was among the pioneers of the North Staffordshire Cripples' Aid Society. He was on the Committee which assisted the Duchess of Sutherland when she started the Society in a small way at Woore. For many years past, Colonel Clive had devoted himself with great zeal to the duties of a Magistrate. He will long be remembered for the distinction he brought to the position of Chairman of Newcastle County Bench (Pirehill North). He was made a Justice of the Peace in 1880, and succeeded to the Chairmanship of the Pirehill North Division on the death of Mr. T. Fletcher-Twemlow in 1894. In all his magisterial work, he revealed a fine judicial mind, and he was in full sympathy with the modem spirit in the administration of justice. No one realised more than he the value of the probation system and of the work of the Police Court Mission. For more than a genera­ tion he had been officially connected with the Mission. He also displayed in many ways his interest in the welfare of the police, and he was held in the highest respect by all who had business in the Newcastle Court. He presided over the Court on the very day of his death. All who came into contact with Colonel Clive were impressed by his fine personal qualities. He was a splendid type of English gentleman who, in public and private life, upheld the high traditions of the family to which he belonged. He inspired confidence and respect wherever he went, and his long and devoted service to his country and his fellows will long be held in the highest admiration. Colonel and Mrs. Clive celebrated their golden wedding in 1926.

II3 John Henry Clive

I do not think I can add much to this other than to say that he and his wife were very kindly and very hospitable, always glad to see and welcome their friends. Ever ready to give helpful advice when asked for. He was Churchwarden at Woore for many' years. A regular attendant at the Church, and took a deep interest and leading hand in all activities in Woore. He was the founder of the District Nursing Association in Woore. He was its Treasurer until the time of his death. Mrs. Clive was its President. He had little use for idle people, and did not fail to say so. Mrs. Mary Dale Clive lived on at Gravenhunger until her death on the 30th September, 1933, aged 84. There is no doubt that she is very much missed ; everyone in Woore has a vivid recollection of her many kindnesses and hospitality. She originated the Women's Institute in W oore village, and became its first President. She lies buried beside her husband in Hartshill Cemetery, Stoke-upon-Trent. The inscription on the tombstone is as follows :-

IN MEMORY OF COLONEL ROBERT CLEMENT CLIVE, V.D., D.L., OF GRAVENHUNGER, WOORE. 25 YEARS RESIDENT OF THIS PARISH. DIED APRIL 24th, 1930, AGED 84. COMMANDED 1st VOL. BATT. N. STAFFS. REGT., 1894-1900. DEPUTY LIEUTENANT AND JUSTICE OF THE PEACE, COUNTY STAFFORD. CHAIRMAN OF JUSTICES OF PIREHILL NORTH, 1894-1930. AND OF MARY DALE CLIVE, HIS WIFE, DIED SEPT. 30th, 1933, AGED 83. AND OF MABEL CLIVE, THEIR DAUGHTER, BORN SEPT. 7th, 1885. DIED MARCH 16th, 1887.

There is a stained glass window, by Leonard Walker, R.I., erected to the memory of Robert Clive and Mary, his wife, at the west end of Holy Trinity Church, Hartshill, placed there by their daughter, Hilda Mary. The inscription on the window reads as follows :-

114 PLATE XXIX

THE o~n OAK STAIRCASE AT GRAVENHUNGER

John Henry Clive

THIS WINDOW HAS BEEN ERECTED TO THE GLORY OF GOD IN EVERLASTING MEMORY OF ROBERT AND MARY CLIVE, A.D. 1936., AND ROGER., LOVED SON OF HILDA CLIVE, DONOR. The window is a beautiful one. The colours are very fine ; no painting in it, except hands and faces. All the design of draperies is executed with solid colour glass, as in the 14th century. In some cases Walker has put three pieces of glass on the top of another to secure the effect required. Small pictures are introduced-a little bit of the rockery at Gravenhunger with a suggestion of the front of the house. A model of the North Staffordshire Infirmary in St. Chad's hands also appears.

ROBERT CLIVE, of Chapeltown and Wickersley, 1878-1944. Robert Clive, of Staindrop Lodge, Chapeltown, and later of Wickersley, Yorkshire, Mining Engineer and Colliery Proprie­ tor, elder son of Robert Clement and Mary Dale Clive, of Gravenhunger Hall, Woore, Salop. Born at Lawton Mere, Lawton, Cheshire, 3rd February, 1878. Educated at the High School, Newcastle-under-Lyme, when Mr. F. E. Kitchener was Head Master. He married, at St. George's Parish Church, Doncaster, 24th June, 1914, Joyce, elder daughter of Percy Barnard Mackay, M.D., of Doncaster, and has issue :- I. Robert Michael Clive, born 20th August, 1915, at Scawthorpe Hall, near Doncaster, baptised Doncaster Parish Church. Educated at Orleton School, Yorkshire ; Oundle (scholarship); Clare College, Cambridge, 2nd Class Honours Degree-Engineering. Major Roya] Engineers. Served in the World War-Norway, 1940, Normandy (D Day until wounded, 12th June), France, Belgium, Rhine to V.E. Day, Head­ quarters B.A.O.R.

115 John Henry Clive

2. Philip Alan Clive, born 23rd April, r925. Baptised St. John the Evangelist, Ranmoor, Yorkshire. Educated at Orleton School; Oundle; Royal School of Mines ; London University.

1. Joyce Mary, born at Scawthorpe Hall, 21st July, r917, baptised Doncaster Parish Church. She has seen six years War Service, beginning in the F.A.N.Y., later taken over by the A.T.S., and going through the ranks, is now a subaltern. She is in the Transport of the A.A. Division. 2. Prudence, born at Scawthorpe Hall, r8th February, 1920, baptised St. Peter's, Bentley, Yorkshire. She is in the Secret Communication Unit, is a section-officer of the W.A.A.F. and has seen five years' service. Robert Clive was fond of all sports. He played for Durham County Hockey Club. He was joint Managing Director, with his brother, Col. Harry Clive, and the Rt. Hon. the Earl of Harrowby, of Parkhouse Collieries, near Chesterton, Stafford­ shire. He had experience in various coalfields as surveyor, deputy and overman, and as under manager in the Cleveland Ironstone Mines before he gained the important positions named in an appreciation of his activities given in The Institution of Mining Engineers, vol. civ., p. 172, which runs as follows:-

THE MIDLAND INSTITUTE OF MINING ENGINEERS.

GENERAL MEETING, Held at the Great Northern Station Hotel, Leeds, Thursday, Dec. rth, 1944.

Mr. H. Watson Smith, J.P., M.Inst.C.E., F.G.S .. President, in the Chair.

DEATH OF Mr. ROBERT CLIVE. Before proceeding with the business of the meeting the President referred to the death of Mr. Robert Clive, who was so very well known in the mining world. By his eminence and the vast amount of work he had done for the industry, his name would go down in mining history. He was President of the Midland Institute from 1925 to 1927, and Treasurer from 1922 until his death. In many ways he bad made a great contribution both to the Institute and to The Institution of Mining Engineers, and the following memoir has been prepared by Professor Douglas Hay and Mr. Basil Pickering.

II6 John Henry Clive

ROBERT CLIVE. An Appreciation by the Council of The Midland Institute of Mining Engineers. Robert Clive was born at Lawton. Cheshire, on February 3rd, 1878, and died at his residence, Stoney Fields, Sledgate Lane, Rotherham, on November 8th, 1944. He was the son of Colonel R. C. CUve, J.P., D.L., of Staffordshire. Educated at the High School, Newcastle-under-Lyme, he commenced his lVlining Career by serving articles of apprenticeship with the late Mr. A. H. Leech, Mining Engineer, Wigan, and also with the late Mr. T. Y. Greener, General Manager, Messrs. Pease & Partners, County Durham. In 1905 he was appointed Manager of the Bentley sinking, near Doncaster, owned by Messrs. Barber, Walker & Co., Ltd. During this period of management at Bentley, from 1905 to 1921, he was in charge of the sinking, surface lay-out, underground lay-out and development of this Colliery. This was the first of the modem collieries of the Doncaster coalfield, and the technical developments carried out at Bentley attracted considerable attention. Robert Clive at all times took a keen interest in the younger generation of mining men, and, during his period of management, a number of students passed through his hands, and it is interesting to note that no less than twelve of these students attained important positions in the Mining Industry. In 1921 he was appointed Secretary of the South Yorkshire Coal Owners' Association and held this position up to the time of his death. During this period it is sufficient to say that he guided the Association through a number of very difficult problems, and his opinion was widely sought and much valued. He became Joint Secretary of the South Yorkshire District Miners' Welfare Committee at the commencement of its operation in 1921, and he took the keenest possible interest in the work of this Committee, including a leading part in the establishment of the Convalescent Homes at Rhyl and Scarborough. He was well known for his work in connection with gob-fires, particularly in the Doncaster coalfield, and the experimental work which he, along with the late Dr. J. S. Haldane and Mr. J. Ivor Graham, carried out at Bentley played an important part in solving the problem of dealing with gob-fires. He was also a member of the Gob Fire Research Committee of the Safety in Mines Research Board; further, he was a member of the Departmental Committee on Rescue Regulations and the Rescue Operators' Committee. He acted as Secretary to the Doncaster and District Rescue Station, and virtually controlled the Station, which is regarded as one of the most efficient in the country. He was intensely interested in the work of The Institution of Mining Engineers and was a Past-President and Treasurer of The Midland Institute of Mining Engineers. He was for many years a member of the Council, and, up to the time of his death, was acting as Secretary of

117 john Henry Clive the Institution Committee on Qualifications and Training for Mining Engineers. He contributed many valuable papers to the Transactions, and in 1915 was awarded the Greenwell Medal by The North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers.

Robert Clive was a man of sterling character and of honesty of purpose; his life's work lay in the organisation and technical progress of the Industry, and he displayed much original thought leading to a general technical advancement. He was acknowledged an expert on the subject of ventilation, and was at all times prepared to go out of his way to help his brother Mining Engineers in the various difficult problems which faced them.

Mr. Clive leaves a widow and four children, two sons and two daughters.

Robert Clive and his family went to live at a house he bought at Wickersley, nr. Rotherham, some six months before he died. He named the house Stoneyfields after his maternal grandparents home near Newcastle, Staffordshire. He died as stated above on the 8th November, 1944, and lies buried in S. Alban's Churchyard, Wickersley. His widow now lives at Hawthorne Lodge, Bishopthorpe, nr. York.

Col. HARRY CLIVE, of Willoughbridge.

Harry Clive, born at Hartshill, Stoke-on-Trent, 7th May, 1880 (younger son of Robert Clement and Mary Dale Clive, of Gravenhunger, Woore), of Willoughbridge, near Market Drayton, is a Justice of the Peace for the County of Stafford, C.B., D.L., O.B.E. (Military), 1918. Col. T.D., served in the Great War, 1914-1919, with 5th N. Staffs. Regt., T.A., D.A.Q.M.G. ; Northern Command, York, 1917-r9r8. Com­ manding 5th N. Staffs. Regt., T.A., from 1923-1928. Command­ ing 137th (Staffordshire) Infantry Brigade, 1928-1932. Joint Managing Director with his brother, Mr. Robert Clive, and the Rt. Hon, the Earl of Harrowby, of Parkhouse Collieries, near Chesterton. Staffordshire. He married, at St. Mary Abbots, S. Kensington, 30th October, 1907, Dorothy, youngest daughter of Joseph Clive, of Coombe Flory, Somerset, and Wooton, Warwickshire. She was born 14th January, 1884, and has issue :-

118 John Henry Clive

I. Harry, born 3rd January, 1919. Capt. Royal Signals; served in the World War in Norway, Abyssinia, North Africa, and Italy, 1939-r945. Educated Uppingham, married, St. Peter's, Maer, 14th December, 1944, Anne Patricia, only daughter of John Vivian Goddard, of Camp Hill, Maer, Staffordshire. She was ?om 4th April, 1919. They have issue:- ra. Andrew Jonathan Roy­ lance Clive, born 2nd June, 1946, baptized S. Peter's, Maer, 25th July. r. Dorothy Hilda, born 10th October, 1908. Married St. Peter's, Maer, 10th May, 1938, James Erskine Chapman, Major R.A. of Leck House, Kirby Lonsdale, Cumberland, only son of James . Chapman, of Banstead Place, Sur- coz. Harry Clive, CB.. O.B.E. rey. She served with the M.T.C. in the World War, driving Ambu­ lances at Swynnerton, Staffordshire, and in London during the flying bomb raids. 2. Phyllis Mary, born at Elds Rise, 29th February, 1912, married, at St. John's, Southwick Crescent, London, W., 26th April, 1935, Geoffrey John Wint, born 13th November, 1899, of The Haye, Eardington, Salop, only son of John Thomas Wint, and has issue :- ra. Victoria, born 29th October, 1940. 2a. Jill Clive, born 8th November, 1941. Mrs. Dorothy Clive died at Elds Gorse, Willoughbridge, April 24th, 1942. A stained glass window to her memory is in St. Peter's, Maer, by Leonard Walker, R.I. Colonel Clive has planted a somewhat unique woodland garden adjoining his house at Willoughbridge, in memory of his wife.

119 John Henry Clive

Mr. Michael Haworth-Booth, the well-known writer on gardens, and author of many gardening works published in the Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society, writes in one of his articles as follows :- MEMORIAL GARDENS. I have been privileged to visit an enchanting garden kept and tended as a garden of memory of one who had passed on. The site was the apparently unpropitious one of an abandoned gravel quarry of about a couple of acres. In the course of years, after quarrying ceased, fir trees, oaks, brambles, elders, hollies and couch grass took possession, and the place was only visited by occasional shooting parties. The idea of making a garden there occurred because the owner's wife, who was in frail health, was not able to do much walking on the steep hillside roads of the district, and the quarry lay adjoining the garden and on approximately the same level as the house. The first job was the making of a number of convenient walks so planned that all parts of the wood could be reached without excessively steep gradients in spite of the considerable undulations caused by the cliff edges, heaps of soil, etc. Gradually, on this sure foundation, planting near the sides of the walks began. The climate of North Staffordshire is a bleak one in comparison with the gentler air of Sussex, but, in spite of many a setback entailed by overbold planting of plants from too far south, gradually a wealth of beautiful things began to adorn the wood. It grew, as a garden should grow, with rhododendrons of over one hundred kinds, both wHd species, and the hybrids made between them, azaleas of the mollis and Ghent types, and in particular the beautiful evergreen. Kurumes of Japan began to fill the wood with colour and scent. Mag­ nolias, flowering cherries and even lilies added their fine flowers to the picture. The lady for whom this pleasant spot had been contrived from a mere bramble patch spent many happy hours there, and came to know better than anyone every tree and plant that grew there. When she passed on. her ashes were, at her request, scattered from the high knoll above the ancient quarry face, and a simple stone pillar was set to mark the spot. Since then it has been kept as a garden of memory, and makes, indeed, one of the most beautiful memorials that could be conceived. In this desperate struggle, in which we have been locked for many years, many have fallen, and in towns and villages throughout the land there will be many who will wish to set up a common memorial for those loved ones who have lost their lives in the fight for freedom. Rather than set up some stone structure, much like that erected for the fallen of the last German war. should we not consider the alternative of making such a garden of memory, however small. In this age of town planning, when it is the hope of all that a still fairer Britain shall rise from the destruction of bombings and bombardments, surely a space can easily be found where rather than a mere traffic obstacle such as a stone monument too often becomes, we may plant a space with trees and flowering shrubs and secluded seats to form a refuge for peaceful and quiet remembrance. In such a place mown lawns and exotics with their attendant clatter and fuss are surely somewhat out of keeping with the atmosphere desired. Trees and shrubs and perhaps water, with, for the most part, natural grass planted with bulbs to signalise in spring the ever returning renaissance of hope and new life would be

120 John Henry Clive all that would be required to provide the needed setting. In these more horticulturally enlightened times we should expect something better than the habitual Municipal privets, laurels and planes. Mag­ nolias, cherries, azaleas, rhododendrons and hydrangeas would not be too choice, surely, for such a garden. There are forms of all hardy enough for most parts of our islands, provided that the ground is really properly prepared for their reception, and that they were planted with the proper skill and understanding of their needs. This entails mulching with fallen leaves rather than the hoeing which is so fatal to the well­ being of most of the choicer shrubs and flowering trees. Vie must certainly look forward to an age of unprecedented building activity to provide the houses so badly needed. Let the builders waste none of their precious skill on architectural monuments, but let us have equally permanent and more suitable memorials in beautiful and peaceful memorial gardens which would add amenity to any district. MICHAEL HAWORTH-BOOTH. A description of. how this Garden of Memory came into being is told in the following little story Col. Clive wrote for his children:- * A GARDEN OF MEMORY. DOROTHY CLIVE. Born Jan. 14th, 1884 Died April 24th, 1942 at Willoughbriuge, Market vrayton. A Gentle and Loving Wife and Mother. This little story is dedicated by their Father to her ~hree children Dorothy, Phyllis and Harry. It must have been fully three years ago since she, unable to manage the steep gravelly drive, asked me how many times round the lawn made a mile. The lawn was her daily walk, round and round until even her dog, refusing to follow her, lay down and watched her. That evening, I made my way up into the acre and a half of wood that lay at the top of the garden. Over a hundred years ago it was a gravel pit, until the sandstone rock evidently made getting unprofitable, leaving long mounds of gravel screenings ending up in three directions with sheer rock face. Scotch fir and larch planted on these mounds of screenings had grown to maturity and been cut down, leaving their boles grown over and rotting, and for nearly half a century young oaks growing out of their childhood now compete with a few scattered birch trees for sky room. The bramble undergrowth, half a dozen hollies, and scattered elderberry bushes and mountain ash made the wood impregnable and, for twenty years, so it lay-undisturbed-in full possession of our four-footed friends.

• Published anonymously in the July 1942 number of ... MY GARDEN"

121 John Henry Clive

It was into this I went, and there and then, that evening, marked out the first twenty yards of path, which my man, Moore, always ready and willing for a new job, skimmed off the next day. For twelve months we hacked and sawed and brushed and burnt our way through and round the wood, until half a mile of easy walks lay there for our ailing lady of the house. Gradually our woodland garden was born-here a heather bank, there a clump of azaleas. We often trembled as we planted a shrub 1ight "in the blue" and wondered if it would come into the expected 11icture in years to come. We made a lot of mistakes, and we had some astounding luck. We lost many treasures in " frost pools," mistaking them for " sun traps." Every plant and shrub had to have its hole dug, and a barrow load or more of mixed old turf, peat moss and leaf mould laid in. There was little nature in the screenings, only drainage, which alone is half way to success. We made a nursery to raise our yearling rhododendrons, species, crosses and seedlings given me by an old friend in Wales, who has just passed on. We collected seeds and cuttings, and we planted a few of the best hybrid rhododendrons for shelter, and put in choice bulbs in due season. There she walked, and watched and loved the wood we made, and just occasionally she made little secret plantings near the walks. For three happy years she bravely walked daily in the wood, and learnt all its secrets. She it was who always found the first crocus, narcissus bud, primrose or wood cyclamen, and one day in April when the wood was at its springtime loveliest, she slipped away from us. Some days later, I brought her ashes in a little casket, and asked my man if he'd care to come with me. Together we went to the highest part of the wood, and put our hats behind us on the bluebell spikes just peeping through. I told him to close his eyes, and I held mine tight-very tight to hold myself together. I threw the ashes high up into the strong wind : I heard their soft patter among the trees, and imagined the breeze wafting the little cloud over the cherry blossom and over the hill across the white sheet of Beersheba and stately Fortune daffodils, up the rising slope of azalea and rhododendron buds and Mitylene narcissi, by Berberis montana, just about to show her pretty frock, and Berberis Bealii, whose berries were just beginning to purple, across the heather bank and drift of lilies of the valley sixty yards away. Then we picked up our hats and walked away down the path, and my man said, "Well, it's hers now, we made it for her, didn't we,'' and, later, referring to a few things we had missed out of the wood : "They'll leave it alone now-they won't rob her.'' I said, " Yes, we've got to keep it decent, you and I, haven't we ? " and he nodded his head and went to see how many eggs the fowls had laid, and I thanked God for a garden. And now her friends are asking if they may send a plant or shrub to plant in her memory. Shall I put a little tablet on the ground at the entrance, or shall I try to find an old sundial and put it in the middle of the wood, in the shade surrounded by violets, her favourite flower, or shall I just let the wood tell its own story to me and to all the friends that loved her ?

122 PLATE XXX

: " -~ •; :-...... •-:,.-..·r ~-

• "-~~•• ,,r _.," ;, - ·-.· :::.:~:. :_ ·~

., ·ii~:' ,:

,ci-~!I ... ·.r: .:{~/:,>~;·: ,:; __ ·:;;-;. ..

1847} WM. Bouo~ CuvE [1921 1855] KATE M.~RJA (LAWRENCE) (1931 OF CHELL LODGE Mr.s. W. B. Cuvx

ROBERT CLE:">IE'.1.T CLIVE, ,\:'.1.D 1S51J HERBERT CLIVE ~fARY, HI~ \V1n:, OS THEIR Ho:-.EY:.100~ 187t> AT \\'1.:-,. DER.MERE

John Henry Clive

WILLIAM BOLTON CLIVE, of Tunstall, 1847-1920. William Bolton Clive, fourth son of Henry and Anne Clive, was born at Broomhill, 23rd October, 1847, and was baptised at Christ Church, Tunstall, 4t4 January, 1848. He was a Director with his brother Robert and J aines Myott in the Clanway Collieries, Tunstall, and was also General Manager and partner in Clive Brothers' Marl Works at Sandyford. In the 70' s he went out to the United States of America with several others, and while there married, at Decorah Town, Iowa, 25th June, 1873, Kate Maria, daughter of Daniel Lawrence, of Decorah Town. She was born 27th September, 1855. Soon after the marriage, he returned to North Stafford­ shire, and settled in his native town of Tunstall. He took a keen interest in his native town, and for many years lived at Clanway House, near Newfield, where his grandfather, John Henry Clive, had also lived for some years. From there he went to Betchton Hall, in Cheshire, for a short time, and then to Chell Lodge,1 a good house surrounded by trees, built in the 5o's by Thomas _Cartlich (afterwards of The Manor, Woore), whom we have already nained, pp. 27-32. I can remember W. B. Clive arranging the theatricals and waxworks at some of the big Tunstall bazaars, conducted by the parishioners of Christ Church, Tunstall, and very well he did them ; indeed, it was said at the time that no entertainment was complete in the Potteries without Will Clive and his amateur theatricals and his own versatile comedy. Chell Lodge was situated in Little Chell Lane, just above what is now Tunstall Park, and opposite to Little Chell Farm. Both these houses are now demolished, making way for Council houses and modern villas. William Bolton Clive and Kate Maria, his wife, had issue :- I. Lawrence Clive, born 15th February, 1880, Engineer and Government Mining Inspector. Served as Captain with the 5th North Staffs., severely wounded, in the Great War. He married, 19th April, 1911, at Atherstone, Warwick­ shire, Dorothy Eily, daughter of Edward Thomas Power, M.R.C.S., of Atherstone, and lives at Vancouver Island. They have no issue.

I In 1851, Chell Lodge was described in White's Directory as Little Chell Hali. and Thomas Cartlich in occupation.

123 John Henry Clive

Herbert Clive, born 22nd May, 1885. Electrical Engineer. Married, in Burma, 8th October, 1913, Beatrice Clarice \Vatts, daughter of-. Watts1 of Mandalay, India. 3. George Roylance Clive, born 23rd September, 1887, died 9th May, 1888. 4. Harold Clive, of Longsdon, near Leek, Staffordshire, born 23rd February, 1889. A Director of the New Hall Pottery Company, Hanley, Stoke-on-Trent, served in the Great War as Lieut. with the 5th North Staffords, was wounded and trans­ ferred to the East Yorks. to Bermuda on Garrison duty. Married, at St. Chad's, Longsdon, 1st Februa_ry, 1916, Ann Vivian, second daughter of Robert Audley, of Langsdon. She was born 15th October, 1883. He died 8th January, 1944, without issue. 1. Florence May, born 28th May, 1874, of Basford, Stoke-on-Trent. 2. Amy Lawrence, born 22nd February, 1878, married, Christ Church, Tunstall, 11th October, 1915, Andrew Marshall, son of James Marshall, of Bo'ness, Linlithgowshire, and has issue, Peter Andrew Marshall, born 21st January, 1920, Captain, 13th Anti-Tanks, R.A., serving in the World War. · 3. Lucy Roylance, born 27th March, 1882, married, at Suva, Fiji, 26th October, 1910, Joseph Francis Engledue Prideaux, C.B.E., Deputy Director, General Medical Service (Ministry of Pensions), son of Thomas Engledue Peganus Prideaux of Wellington, Somerset, and has issue two daughters, Helen Clive and Nancy Treverbyn. 4. Helen, born 8th October, 1883, married, Christ Church, Tunstall, rst September, 1920, Bernard Joseph Moore, M.C., Major, R.A., of Ashdene, Trentham, Stoke-on-Trent, served in the Great War; son of Bernard Moore, Master Potter, of the Grange, Draycott, Staffordshire; and has issue, Bernard Clive Moore, and a daughter, Jean Mary.

William Bolton Clive died at Chell Lodge in June, 1920, aged 72, and his widow died on the 25th April, 1931. Both are buried in Tunstall Cemetery. Mrs. Clive was held in great respect in Tunstall; she was much beloved by the poorer people, for whom she was ever ready to help.

124

INDEX kindly compiled by ALEYN LYELL READE

(Hon. M.A. Oxon. and Liverpool),

an honorary work for which

the Author of this book

wishes to express here

his grateful thanks INDEX

This index does not pyofess to include all the Yeferences in the long ext-racts given f'lom ]. H. Clive's W'Yitings on the family histof'y and the origin of surnames, O'Y in his N. Staffs. dialect glossa'ly. NOY does it touch the tabula'Y pedigree facing p. 125.

Abbot, Rev.-(1853), 94, 95 Adams, William (1772-1829), of Fenton Hall, and his Aberfoyle, 101, 103 wife Sarah Heath, JOI Ackrill, William Henry (1879), - , William (1798-1865), of solr., 57 Greenfield, 19, 27 Acton, John (1829), 28 - , William (1833-1905), of Adams, Ann, m. Edward Cotton, Greenfield, 19, 20, 107 22 Ai.kin, John (1747-1822), his -- , Benjamin (1787-1828), Forly Miles Round Man­ of Greengates, 4, 28 chester, 20 -- , Jane (1829-89), of Alcock, G. (1840}, of Burslem, 59 Greenfield, 108 -- , J. J. (1840}, of Burslem, -- , John Hilditch (1819- 59 50}, of Lincoln's Inn, 29 -- , Joseph, of Longport, -- , Joseph (1758-1830), of J.P., 104 Newcastle-under-Lyme, - , Mary (1844-75}, m. 31 Edmund Mattison Wedg­ - , Mary (b. 1792), m. John wood, 104 George Hammack, 31 Alcock's Bank, Burslem, 59 -- , Mary (1730), m. Thomas Allen family, of Fenton Culvert, Repton, 32 3 -- , Percy Walter Lewis (b. Alsager, 107 1875), J.P., F.S.A., of Alton (N. Staffs.), 7, 21, 22 Woore Manor, 32; his Arms of Clive families, 46-50 HistOYy of Adams Family Ashby-de-la-Zouch, 10 31, 32; his Wolstanton, Ash Hall, 109 17 ~ his wife, Foreword Aston Hall, 109 - , Samuel (1648-1729), of Aston Manor, 110 Milton, 32 Atherstone, 123 -- , Thomas (1836-1905), ·of Audlem, 32 Greenfield, 108 Audley, 17, 18, 21, 81 -- , William (1690-1766), of Audley, Ann Vivian (b. 1883), Bucknall Hall, 22 m. Harold Clive, 124 -- , William (1746-1805), of -- , Nicholas de (15 Ric. II.), Greengates, 4, 18, 28, 29 of Gravenhunger, 110 - , William (1748-1831), of , Robert, of Langsdon, Cobridge, 53 124 INDEX-continued.

Austria, Empress of, 34 Beech, James (1770-1854), of Avison and Worthington (1829), Sandyford, 28 of Liverpool, solrs., 9 -- • Mary (1846), m. 'l'homas Avon, R .• 89 Walker, 28 Ayloffe, (Sir) Joseph (1709- Bentley (Yorks.). 116, 117 81), his Ancient Charters. Beresford, (Rev.) J. R .• 47. 48 63 Bermuda, 124 Berrington, Dr., of Tunstall, 112 Baddeley, Elizabeth, nee Machin Betchton, 123 17 Biddulph, Foreword, 9, 28, 57-9, - , Mary, m. Smith Child, 90,103,105,107.108, 112 17 Biddulph, R. of Knypersley, - , Randle (died 1733), of Foreword, 58 Newfield, I 7 Billington, Elizabeth (1786- I 844), - , Thomas (died 1770), m. 1st, John Roylance, of Newfield, 17 and 2nd, John Henry Bagguley, G. T. and Son, Clive, 13, 14, 18-21, 99, Foreword IOI Bailey's Dit'ectory, 30 -- , William (1786). of Bailey, Samuel (1827), of Bid- Middlewich, 13 dulph, 5 7, 59 Birkenhead, 105 Baldwin, Cradock and Joy, 24 Birmingham Fire Office, 10, 55 Bangor, 52 Bishopsthorpe, I 18 Banstead Place, 119 Bishton, 4. 20 · Barber, Walker and Co., Don- Blagg. Charles John, (1832-1915) caster, 117 his History of N. Staffs. Barlaston, 105 Hounds, 33 Barnstaple, I 5 Blore Heath, 109 11 Bartholomew," 11 Blundellsands, 91 Barthomley, 106 Blurton, 13 Barton-on-Humber, 24 Blythe Bridge, 9 Basford, 124 Bodalla (N.S.W.). 105 Bateman family, of Biddulph, Bolton, Hannah (1792-1872), nee 107 Cash,7.22 Bateman, John {1782-1858), of -- , Joseph (1785-186g), of Knypersley Hall, 58, 107 Lane End, 8, 21, 22 Bates, Georgina (d. 1939), m. Bonchurch, 103 Rev. F. B. Clive, 105 Bo'ness (N.B.), 124 - , William, of Rode House, Boote, Elizabeth, m, John Mare 105 Harrison, M.R.C.S., 32 Bath, 1, 6, 7, 14, 17, 19, 24, 31, --• Richard, of Burslem, 32 58, 90, 98-101, 104, 106 --, Thomas Latham, of Burs- Bathwick Hill, 93 lem, 32 Bayeaux tapestry, 49 Botteslow. 17 Bayley, John (1798-1863), of Bournemouth~ 12, 13 Newcastle - under - Lyme, Bowman, John Eddowes (1819- 25 54), 85 Beale, Charles Currier (U.S.A.). Bradley, (Mr.) -- (1842), 11 24 -- , (Rev.) John Alfred Beaumaris, 9 his History of Woore, 34 • Beech, Anne (1843), m. Robert Bradwell Wood, go, 107 Heath, M.P.. J.P .. D.L.• Brande, (Prof.) \Villiam Thomas 28 (1788-1866 ), 85 INDEX-continued.

Breeze, Jesse (r776-r827), of Newct:lstle-under-Lyme, Greenfield, 19, 53, ro7 3, I8 -- , John (1746-1821), of Callender, (Prof.) Sir Geoffrey, Greenfield, 4 F orewOYd, 55 Bren, (Rev.) Robert (1910), ro4 Cambridge University :-Clare Brereton, , Jane (16th cent.), m. College, 115 ; St. John's Richard Clive, of Huxley, College, 105 47, 48 Camden, William (r551-1623), -- , (Sir) William (16th his Remains concerning cent.), knt., 47, 48 B,itain, 6o, 65 Bridestones, FOYewOYd, 9, 57-9 Carter, (Rev.) William (d. 1842),. Brindley, John (1820), of Long- of Newchapel, 5, 14, 2r port, 54 Cartlich family, of Goldenhill, 3, Bristol, 15, 19, 59- 107 Britannia Bridge, 93 Cartlich, Barbara (1784), nee Broade family of Fenton Manor, Cole, 28, 29, 31 3 -- , Beatrice Clive (r859- Bromley, (Sir) John (r5th cent.), 1910), I I, 32-4, 36 of Woore and Graven­ -- , Edith Susanna (d. hunger, 110 1883), 32, 33 Brampton, gr, 100 -- , Elizabeth (1785-18r8), Broornhi11 House, 90, 100, 103, nee Walcklate, 28, 31 105-8, I 12, 123 -- , Elizabeth Blanche Brownbrns, 4, 20, 54, 55, 107 (r853-9), 32 Brummel, " Beau," 96 -- , Jane (r824-92), nee Brussels University, r7 Harrison, 11, 32, 39 Bryant, Arthur, his Years of -- , John (d. 1681), of V ictOYy, 2 3 Tunstall, tailor, 30 Bucknall, 22, 109 -- , John (oc. 1681-9), gold­ Bucknall, John, of Shrewsbury, smith, 30 110 -- , John (17r4), gold­ - , Mary, m. 1758 John smith, 30 Lloyd, 110 , John (1784-1836}, 28- -- , William (1584-1668), 32 of Lea Head, 110 - , John Henry (1863-95), Buglawton, 58 Bulkeley family, of Woore, 110 32, 35 -- , Mary or Minnie Buller, Sir Morton Edward Jane, Manningham (1825-1910), (1851-1903), 32-4. 36 -- , Samuel (1721-86), of 2nd Bart. of Dilhome, Goldenhill, 30, 3 I 33 Buonaparte, Lucien, 95 -- , Samuel (1754-18ro}, of Burbage, 32 Goldenhill, 28-31 Burke's Peerage, 2 -- , Sarah (oc. 1754-6), wife Burslem, 9-11, 23, 30, 32, 55, of Samuel C., 30 -- , Sarah (1812-46), m. 59, 6~ 65,103, II2 Burton's Historical Remarques, Thomas Llewellyn, 27, 28, 64 31, 100, IOI . Buxton, 4, 7, 8 -- , Sarah (d. r876), 7, 8, 32 -- , Susannah (1855-99), Caesar's Commentaries, 78 nee Meir, 11, 109 Caldwell, James (d. 1838), of -- , Thomas (1756-1815), of Linley Wood, Recorder of Goldenhill, 27-31

129 INDEX-continued.

Cartlich, Thomas (1814-77), of Child, Margaret (1763), nee Roy- Chell and Woore Manor, lance, 18 7, 8, I l, 27-9, 31-3 IOO, --, Mary, nee Baddeley, 17 106, 123 -- , Roylance, 18 -- , Thomas (1856-1905), of -- , Smith, of Audley, I 7 Woore Manor, 11, 32-5 -- , (Adml.) Smith (1730- -- , Thomas (1879-1910), of 1813), of Newfield, 4, 6, Woore Manor, 11 17-19 -- , William (1718), gold­ --, (Sir) Smith (1808-96), 1st smith, 30 Bart. of Newfield. 6, 8, Cash, Hannah (1792-1872), m. 18-20, 27, 94, 97; IOO, 106 Joseph Bolton, 7, 22 Clanway, 18, 19, 23, 27, go, 103, --, Hugh (b. 1789), 7, 21 105-08, II2, 123 --, Lydia (1784-1821), m. Clare, Thomas {1815}, of Liver- John Henry Clive, 6, 7, pool, 4, g · 13, 21, 22, 103 Clarke, Elizabeth (1837). 28 --, Mary, wife 1st of William Clark's Heraldry, 48 Cash, and 2nd of William Clayhills, 90, 100 Cotton, 6, 22 Clayton family of Gravenhunger, --. William, of Lane End, 6, 110 2I,22 Clegg, Mary Anne {1853), 94, 100 --, William, jun., 7 Cliffville, 5 3 Caverswall, 7, 13, 22 Clive (Cheshire}. now Cliffe, I Chapel-en-le-Frith, 32 Clive Brothers, Tunstall, 112, Chapeltown, 101, I 15 123 Chapman, Dorothy Hilda (b. Clive family of Styche, 19 1908), nee Clive, 119 Clive family, projected history of, -- , James, of Banstead by J. H. Clive, 39-53 Place, 119 Clive, -Son, and Myott, of Clan­ -- , (Maj.) James Erskine way Collieries, 103 (1938), 119 Clive, Alice (d. 1871 }, 104 Charnes Hall, 109 --, Amy Lawrence (b. 1878), Chartist Riots, 1 o m. Andrew Marshall, 24 Chatterley, 90, 107 r --, Amy Maude Maria (d. Chaucer, 75, 76, 79 Cheadle (Staffs.), 7, 10, 100 1933), nee Cooke, 104 Chockley, 22 --, Andrew Jonathan Roy­ Chell, -- (1842), 11 lance (b. 1946), 119 Chell, 4, 5, 7, 8, 12, 14, 19, 22, --, Ann (1868-9), 104 27. 28, 31, 32, 48, 66, 73-5, --, Anne (1816-89) nee Han- 98, 9~ 100,108,123,124 cock, 1,103,107,108,123 Chester, 46, 47, 52 --, Anne (1815-99), m. Chesterton, 116, 118 William Kenwright Chetham Library, Manchester, Harvey, 8, 12, 13, 23. 45 100, IOI Chichester, 9 --, Anne Patricia (b. 1919 ), Child family of Newfield, 6, 2 7 nee Goddard, I 19 Child and Clive, of Tunstall, 4, --, Anne Vivian (b. 1883), 18, 23, 27, 44, 106 nee Audley, 124 Child and Co., 4 --, Beatrice Clarice ( r 9 I 3), Child, Elizabeth, nee Parsons, 18 nee Watts, 124 --• John George (1767-1811), --, Benjamin (1724:.64). Capt. of Newfield, 18, 20 R.N., 50

I30 INDEX-continued.

Clive, Charles William (1807-39), Clive, Herbert (b. 1850), of of Tunstall, 4, 7-9 Australia, 105 -- , Charlotte Hannah ( I 843- - , Herbert (b. 1885), elec­ 1919), nee Wedgwood, trical engineer, 124 103,104 - , Hester (1572), 47 --• David (b. 1921), 111 --, HP-da Mary (b. 1883), m. -- , Dorothy (1884-1942), m. Horace David Clive, Col. Harry Clive, 1 r 8, Fcweword, 17, 108, 110, Il9, 121 114, 115 --, Dorothy Eily (1911), nee --, Horace David (b. 1880), Power, 123 ne Oppenheimer, of Lon­ --, Dorothy Hilda (b. 1908), don, 110 m. Maj. James Erskine --, Jane (16th cent.), nee Chapman, 119 Brereton, 4 7. 48 --, Elizabeth (1786-1844). nee CLIVE, JOHN HENRY Billington, wife 1st of (1781-1853), of Chell John Roylance, and 2nd House, N. Staffs., and of John Henry Clive, 4, Bath, Som. :- 13, 14, 18-21, 99, IOI 1-2. Birth in Somersetshire --, Elizabeth Roylance (1824- 2-6. Mother'smovetoN. Staffs. 94), of Bath, 7, 8, 14, 19, and 2nd marriage to 21, 90, 91, 93-100, III Charles Simpson, master -- , Florence May (b. 1874). potter Forewcwd, 9, 108, 124 2-3. Connexions with the -- , (Rev.) Francis Biddulph Heathcotes and the Childs (1857-1919), 105 6-7. Business beginnings in the

--, (Sir) George (1572), knt.1 Potteries, and marriage 45, 47. 48 to Lydia Cash -- , George {1738-43), 2 7-13. His children by her - , George Roylance (1844- enumerated 75), of Australia, 105 13-18. Second marriage to Mrs. --, George Roylance (1887- Roylance, and more 8), 124 - children --, Georgina (d. 1939), nee 18-19. Interest in Clanway Col­ Bates, 105 liery and Newfield Pot­ --, Harold (1889-1944), of tery Longsdon, r 24 19-20. Leaves Newfield for - , (Col.) Harry (b. 1880), of Chell Willoughbridge, C.B., 21-23. Business activities and 0.B.E., ] .P., D.L., public work Forewcwd, 6, 59, 75, 99, 24-27. Devises new scheme of IOI, 110, 113, 116, 118, stenography, and pub­ I 19, 121 lishes his Linear System --, Harry (b. 1919), 119, 121 of Short Hand --, Helen, nee Jackson, 105 27. Colliery interests --, Helen (1854-1934), m. 27-39. Relations with the Cart­ Arthur Henry Leech, lich family 106 39-53. Plans history of Clive - , Helen (b. 1883), m. Ber­ family and issues long nard Joseph Moore, 124 prospectus -- , Henry (1810-65), of Tun­ 53-55. Supports scheme for stall, I, 8, 9, 27, 90, 100, Potteries theatre 103, 106-8, I 12, 123 55. His fire insurance policies

I3I IND EX-continued.

55-57. Designs ingenious double Clive, Lydia {1784-1821). nee sextant for finding Cash, 6, 7, 13, 21, 22, 103 longitude - , Mabel (1885-7), 111, 114 57-59. Buys the Bridestones at -- , Mary (1813-51), m. Henry Biddulph Meir, 8, 9, 12, 57 59-65. Studies the origin of --, Mary Dale (1849-1933), surnames, and writes nee Peake, 109-11, 113-15, essay 118 65-7 4. Skits the local Parlia­ --·, Nathaniel {b. 1722), 2 mentary election --, Nigel David-(b. 1917), 111 75-84. Compiles glossary of N. -- , (Capt.) Percy Archer Staffs. dialect (1873- ), M.P., 104 84-86. On Board of ~1:etro­ --, Philip Alan (b. 1925), 116 politan Sewage and -- , Phyllis Mary (b. 1912). m. Manure Co., and prepares Geoffrey John Wint, 119, his own drainage scheme 121 86-90. Designs suspension -- , Prudence (b. 1920), 116 bridge for Great Exhi­ --, Rachel (1572), 47 bition --, Rebecca (1572), 47 90. Local properties acquired --, Rebecca (1722), nee Gas- by him kell, 2 90-98. Begins diary in last -- , Richard (d . . 1572), of year of life Huxley, 47, 48 98. Death at Hastings. and --, Richard (1722), of Styche, burial at Bath 2 IOO. His will --, Richard (1764), Comet in 10 I. His portraits Conway's Dragoons, 2, 103-124. Record of his descen­ 51, 53 dants --, Richard (1736-40), 2 Clive, John Henry (1843-71), of --, (Col.) Richard, 104 Burslem. 103 --, Richard (1741-?1763), 2 --, John Henry (1866-1932), --• Robert (1725-74), 1st of Oban. 101, 103 Baron Clive of Plassey, --, Joseph. of Coombe Flory. I, 2 118 --, Robert (1817-21), 9, 13 --, Joyce (1946), nee Mackay, --, Robert (1878-1944), of Foreword, 115, 118 Chapeltown, 100, 110, --• Joyce Mary (b. 1917). 116 I 15-18 --• Judith (1572). 47 --, (Col.) Robert Clement --• Kate Maria (1855-1931), (1846-1930 ), J.P., D.L.• nee Lawrence, 123, 124 of Gravenhunger, Fore­ --. Katherine, actress (1711- wot'd, 11, 12, 17, 22, 57, 85), 51, 53 84, 105, 108-15, 117, 118, --, Lawrence (b. 1880), of 123 Vancouver Island, 123 --, Robert Michael (b. 1915), , Lucy (1828-1902), m. Dr. 115 Christopher Smith. 7, 8, -- ' Roger (1914-35), III, 115 14. 17, 19, 21, 90, 91 -- , Rosalie Grace (b. and d. 93, 95, 96, 99, 100, III 1913), Ill - , Lucy Roylance (b. 1882), - , Sara (1572), 47 m. Joseph Francis Engle­ -- , Sarah (1749-1833), wife due Prideaux, C.B.E., 124 1st of -- Clive, and

r32 IND EX--continued.

2nd of Charles Simpson, Cox, Thomas (1820), of Hanley, 2-6 54 Clive, Stephen (1852-89), of New Criccieth, 4 7, 50 Jersey; 105 Crisp's Visitation of England and -- , William (b. 1745), 2 Wales, 2 -- , William Bolton ( I 84 7- Crockerhill, 9 1920), of _Chell Lodge, Crosby, B. and R., and Co., 24 Tunstall, 105, 108, 123, Croxden Abbey, 64 124 Cloud, 57 Clovelly, I 4, I 5 Dale, Abner (1879), 57 Cobridge, 53 --, Mary (b. 1815), m. Joseph Cole, Barbara (b. 1755), m. Peake, 109 Samuel Cartlich, 28, 29, Daltry, Mabel, m. Frank Mac- 31 Clellan, 33 --, John, of Turnhurst, 28, 29, Daniel, John (1812), 19 31 Darlaston, 3 Colton's Records, 64 Davenham, 14, 20, 21 Congleton, 9, 11, 57, 58, 112 Davenport, Harry Tichborne Conway's Dragoons, 2, 51, 53 (1833-1895), M.P., of Cooke, Amy Maude Maria (d. Maer Hall, 33 1933), m. John Henry -- , John (1765-1848), of Clive, 104 Longport and Westwood , (Col.) William, of Frim- Manor, M.P., 4, 65, 66 ley, 104 Davies, A. Mervyn, his Lora Coombe Flory, 118 Clive of Plassey, 2 Cope, James (1785), 3 Dawson, (Capt. the Hon.) Corbet family, of Gravenhunger, Thomas Vesey, M.P., 85 IIO Decorah Town (U.S.A.), 123 Corbrook Court, 32 Dialect, N. Staffs., glossary of Cork, Charlotte ( 18o8), m. Isaac (1835), by J. H. Clive, Wedgwood, 105 75-84 Cotswold Publishing Co., FoYe­ Diary, kept by J. H. Clive in word 1853, 91-8 Cotton, Ann, nee Adams, 22 Dickin, Charles (1793), 3 - , Edward, of Cotwalton, Dilhome, 33 22 Doncaster, 115-17 -- , Mary, wife 1st of William Dorrington, 107, 1 Io Cash, and 2nd of William Draycott, 124 Cotton, 22 Dresden (Staffs.), 22 - , Sarah (1816), m. Thomas Dugdale, (Sir) William ( r 60 5- Wood, 21, 22 86), his Baronage, 50 - , William (1754-1833), of Dutton's shorthand, 26 Alton and Caverswall, 6, 7, 21, 22 Cotwalton, 22 Eardington, I 19 Court, Elizabeth (1787-1818), Eccleshall, I 09 nee Wood, 21 Edmondson, Joseph (d. 1786), -- , William (1805), of Manor his Heraldry, 46 Hall, Middlewich, 20, 21 Elliot, Liddel, of Newcastle­ - , (Maj.) William Roylance, under-Lyme, 9, 31 21 -.- , Lilla (1880), m. Arthur Coventry, 67 Clive Meir, 9

133 INDEX--continued.

Elliot, Marian Elizabeth, nee Frimley, 104 Llewellyn, 31, 100 Fulham, 85, 93 --, Philip, 31 Fuller and Saltwell, solrs., 85, 94 -- , Philip Llewellyn, 31 Fuller, Henry Peter (1851), 85 --, Sydney James, 3 I Furlong Mills Co., of Burslem, Elmhurst, 3 112 Elphinstone, James H., lessee of Hanley Theatre, 55 Gabbitas, Frederick, of Chich­ Elsmore and Forster (1853), of ester, 9 Tunstall, go -- , Violet Mary, nee Meir, English Illustrated, 33 9 Epworth, 52 " Garden of Memory," 121-2 Etruria,53, 65,105 Gaskell, Nathaniel (1653-1716 }, of Manchester, 2 -- , Rebecca (1722), m. Fenton, 23, 53, 65, 112 Richard Clive, 2 Fenton Culvert, 3 Gater, Thomas (1837), 28 Fenton (Great}, 3 Gawby, -- (1853), 93 Fenton Hall, 101 Geneva, 12 Fenton Manor, 3 Gentleman's Magazine, 21, 49, 50 Fenton, Edward (1840), 59 Germany, 2. Femyhough, (Rev.) John (1793) Gimson, J ., and Co., of Fenton, 2 112 , (Capt.) Thomas Glasgow, 104 (1828), 59 Goddard, Anne Patricia (b. Fiji, 124 . 1919), m. Harry Clive, Fitzherbert, Basil Thomas 119 {1836-1919), of -- , John Vivian (1919), of Swynnerton, 33 Maer, 119 Fleetditch, 93 Godiva, Lady, 1 Fletcher-Twemlow, Thomas Goldenhill, 19, 27, 28, 30, 31, 66, (1819-94), J.P., D.L., of 112 Betley Court, I I 3 Goldsmiths' Company, 30 Floyd, Frederick William ( I 8 5 I), Goodwin, George (1827), 21 85 Gower, John (1325-1408), poet, Floyer, Peter (1681), of London, 75, 76 goldsmith, 30 Graham, J. Ivon, 1 r 7 Forby, Robert (1759-1825), his Gravenhunger, Foreword, II, Vocabula,-y of East Anglia, 17, 22, IOI, 105, 108-12, 75, 79 114. 115, 118 Ford Green, 7 Great Exhibition (1851), 86 Ford, Hugh (b. 1725), of Spragg Greaves. Charles (1851), 85 House, 32 -- , Elizabeth Boote (d. --, Mary (1731-73), nee Rep­ 1925}, nee Harrison. 32 ton, 32 -- , James (d. 1932), of -, Mary (1785), m. John Corbrook Court, 32 Mare, 32 Gr,een, Mr.-- (1829), 7 --, Mary Ann (1805), of Ford Greener, Mary Isobel, m. Arthur Green, 7 Clive Leech, 106 -, Richard (1805), of Ford -- , T.Y., of Durham, 117 Green, 7 Greenfield, \prior to 1799 called Foster,--, Pall Mall (1853), 97 Smithfield1 4, 19, 20, 27, Foula, 17 53, 107, 108

134 INDEX-continued.

Green Gates, 9, 18, 28, 107 I Harrison, Sara Maria (d. 1922), Greenway Bank, Foreword, 53, m. Stephen Bellot Jack­ 54, 59 son, ~2 Greenwich, 55 -- , William (1787-1826), Gregg's shorthand, 26 of Leek, 32 Greig, Alexander (1851), 85 Harrowby, Earl of, 116, 118 Grey, Charles (1764-1845), 2nd Hartshill, 12, 13, 17, 109-1 I, Earl Grey, 66 113, 114, 118 Griffin, -- (1824), of Hanley, Harvey, Anne ( 1815-99), nee solr., 54 Clive, 8, 12, 13, 23, 100, Grose, Francis (r731 ?-91 ), anti­ IOI quary, 78 -- , Charles ( 1779-r 860), of Guernsey, 9 Lane End and Stone, Gye, Frederick (1810-78), 95, 97 J.P., 12, 19 -- , Cotterill, 9, 12 -- , Elizabeth Lucy, nee Meir, 9, 12, 100

Haggar, Reginald G., A.R.C.A., - I John (1853), 95, 96 F.R.S.A., N.R.D., 20 -- , William Kenwright, of Haldane, John Scott ( 1860- Longton, 12, 1oo ), F.R.S., 117 Harvey's Bank, 12 Hall's Ch1'onicles, 80 Harwood, Thomas (1767-1842), Hammersmith, 85, 87, 94 his E-,deswi,cke, 57 ; his Hammack, Frances Mary, m. HistOYy of Lichfield, 63 Thomas Llewellyn, 31 Hastings, 1, gr, 98, 99 , John George, of Hatton, (Misses), 8 London, solr., 31 -- , James (1829), 8 , Mary, nee Adams, 31 Haworth-Booth, Michael, 120, Hancock. Anne (1816-89), m. 121 Henry Clive, I, 103, 107, Hay, (Prof.) Douglas, 116 108, 123 Heap, James, Ltd., of Hanley, 84 -- , Ellen, nee Martin, 103 Heath, Anne (1834), nee Beech, -- , George Binc, of Lisbon 28 108 -- , Joseph, and Co., 18 -- • Thomas, of Liverpool, -- , Robert (1816-93), of Bid- 103 dulph Grange, M.P., J.P., Hanley, F07ewOYd, 8, 23, 53, D.L., 28, 112 54, 55, 65,109,124 -- , Robert (1851-1932), of Hanley Museum, 18, 33 Biddulph Grange, J.P., Hargreave, Oliver, 85 D.L., 112 Harrison, Elizabeth, nee Boote, -- , {Mrs.) R. W., Foreword 32 Heathcote family, of Longton -- , Elizabeth Boote, (d. Hall, 2, 3 1925), m. James Greaves Heathcote, (Sir) Edensor (d. of Corbrook Court, 32. 1822), of Longton Hall, -- , Jane {1824-92), m. knt., 3 Thomas Cartlich, 11, 32, , Richard Edensor 39 (1780-1850), of Longton -- , John Mare (1818-1907), Hall, M.P., 12, 53, 65, 66 M.R.C.S., of Burslem, 32 Heavan, H. (d. 1883), of Lundy -- , Mary, nee Mare, 32 Island, 14, 16 -- , Sara Godwin (1851), Hemp, W. J ., F.S.A., of Cric­ 32 cieth, 4 7, 50

135 IND EX-continued.

Hendra Co., 4 Kempe, Charles Eamer (1837- Herbert, (Lady) Magdalen, ), 32 Foreword, 2 Kenrick family, of Woore, 32, Heybridge, 33 110 Hicks, Richard (1812), 19 Kime, William Thomas (1851), Hilderstone, 28 85 Hill, William (1793), of New­ King, Daniel (d. 1664 ?), his castle-under-Lyme, 3 Vale Royall of England, Hoccleve, Thomas (13 70 ? - 45, 47, 48 1450 ? ), poet, 75 Kingsley, Charles (1819-75), 15 Hodgkin, Thomas (1798-1866), King's Sombourne, 105 M.D., 85 Kingy and Co. ( I 829), 9 Holland, Lord, 91 Kinnersley, Thomas (1751-1819), Holt, Mary Ferrier, m. Joseph of Newcastle-under-Lyme Knight, 109 4 - , George Wells, of Great . Kirkby Lonsdale, 119 Y annouth, 109 Kirkcaldy, 106 Horsfall, Sidney, of Liverpool, 33 Kirkpatrick, Lady (1853), 94 Houndsditch, 93 Kitchener, Francis Elliott ( 18 38- Huddersfield, 105 19 I 5), Headmaster of Hungerford, 87 Newcastle High School, Hunter, Joseph (1783-1861), his 104, 115 Hallamskire Glossary, 78, Knight, Florencia (b. 1856), nee 79 Peake, 34, 109 , Huxley (Chesh.), 47, 48, 53 -- , Joseph t1827-1908), of Huxley family, 45 Newcastle-under-Lyme, solr., 13, 109 -- Joseph Guy, of Aston lllust,-ated News, 98, 108 Hall, 109 Ingham (N. Queensland), 105 -- , Mary Ferrier, nee Holt, Isle of Wight, 103 109 Knypersley, 58 Jackson, Helen, m. Stephen Clive, 105 -- , Sara Maria (d. 1922 ), Lanes. and Chesk. Antiquarian nee Harrison, 32 Soc. TYansacti

136 IND EX-continued.

Lea Head Manor (now owned 84-6, 95, 97 ; Gray's Inn, and occupied by Lt.-Col. 95 ; House of Commons, Wm. Anthony Adams, I 10 104 ; Italian Opera Leech, ArthurClive (b. 1885), 106 House, 95; James II. -- , Arthur Henry (1855- statue, 98; National 1927), of Wigan, 106, I 17 Club, 97 ; Old Opera -- , Dorothy (b 1888), 106 House, 97 ; Pall Mall, --• Helen (1854-1934), nee 97; Pavilion, 54; Picca­ Clive, 106 dilly, 20 ; St. John's, -- Helen Mary Clive, 106 Southwick Crescent, 119; --: Helena (b. 1889), m. Clair St. Mary Abbots, 118 ; Isherwood Scowcroft. 106 St. Michael's Place, 91, --, Margery Clive, 106 100; Stanhope Place,· 90, --, Mary Isobel, nee Greener, 91 ; Stanley Bridge, 94; 106 Westminster School, 110; --, Norah (b. 1885). 106 Whitehall, 98; Willis's --, William Henry (1855), of Rooms, 85 Pemberton, 106 Longitude, J. H. Clive's double­ Leeds, 116 sextant for finding, Fore­ Leek, 32, 65 w01'd, 55-7 Leicester, Ellen (1756-1829). m. Longmans, Messrs. (1853), 94 Thomas Martin, ·103 Longport, 4, 10, 23, 54, 65, 105 Lewis, James Henry ~1786- Langsdon, 124 1853), his History of Short­ Longton, 2, 3, 6, 12, 22, 53, 65, hand, 25 103 Linear System of Short Hand, Ludlow, 33 1830, by John Henry Lundy Island, 14-17 Clive, 24 Lydgate, John (1370 ?-1451 ? ), Linley Wood, 3 poet, 76 Lisbon, 108 Liverpool, 4, 7, 8, 33, 103 Macaulay, James (1851), 85 Llewellyn, Arthur Price, of Tun- Machin, Elizabeth, m. Randle stall, solr., 31 Baddeley, 17 , Frances Mary, nee -- , Joseph (1812). 19 Hammack, 31 Mackay, Joyce (1914). m. Robert , Marian Elizabeth Clive, Fo'Yeword, 115. 118 (1840-1921 ), m. Philip -- , Percy Barnard, of Don­ Elliot, 31, 100 caster, M.D., 115 -- , Sarah (1812-46), nee MacClellan, Mabel, nee Daltry. Cartlich, 27, 28, 31, 100, 33 IOI Madeley, 33, 107, 109 , Thomas, of Tunstall, Madox, Thomas (1666-1727), his solr., 31, 100 Formulare Anglicanum, Lloyd, John (1758), of Shrews­ 63 bury, 110 Maer, 119 -- , Mary (1758), nee Buck­ Maer Hall, 65 nall, 110 Mangus, Henry (1824), of Loggerheads, 69 Etruria, 53 London :-All Saints, Norfolk Maida Hill, 94 Sq., 111 ; Blackfriars Malbanc, William (Domesday), Road, 17 ; Bow Road, of Gravenhunger, I 10 31; British Museum Li­ Malvern, 103, 104 brary, 45 ; Christies' Sale Man, Isle of, 103 Rooms, 97 ; drainage of, 137 INDEX-continued.

Manchester, 2 Meir, Arthur Clive (b. 1880), of Mandalay. 124 Guernsey, 9 Manningham, (Sir) Oliver --, Elizabeth Lucy, m. Cot­ (1475), So terill Harvey, 9, 12, 100 Manor Hall (or Newton Manor), --, Henry (1812-77), of Tun­ Middlewich, 13, 20, 21, 99 stall, J.P., 7, 9, 11, 12, 32. Mare, John (d. 1810), of Milton, 57-9, 100 32 --, John (1812), of Tunstall. --,, Mary (1785), nee Ford, 9 32 --. Lilla, m. Lt.-Col. H. B. --• Mary (1787-1838), m. Steen, 9 William Harrison, 32 --, Lilla (1880), nee Elliot, 9 Margaret of Anjou (1430-82), --, Mary (1813-51), nee Clive, 109 8, 9, 12, 57 Market Drayton, 2 --, Susannah (1821-72), 2nd Marlborough School, 11 I wife of Henry Meir and Marshall, Amy Lawrence (b. widow of William Ward, 1878), nee Clive, 124 9, II, 12 -- , Andrew (1915), 124 --, Susannah. (1855-99), m. -- , James, of Bo'ness, Thomas Cartlich (18 56- N.B., 124 1905), I I, 109 -- ,, Peter Andrew (b. 1920) --. Violet Mary, m. Frederick 124 Gabbitas, 9 Martin, Ellen (1756-1829), nee Melbourne, William Lamb Leicester, 103 {1779-1848), 2nd Vis­ -- , Ellen (1816), m. Thomas count M., 66 Hancock, 103 Menai Bridge, 87 -- , Joseph, of Wallasey, 103 Merton, 97 -- , Margaret (d. 1883), m. Metropolitan Sewage and Manure James Myott, 103 Co., 84-6, 100 -- , Thomas (1747-1830), of Middlewich, 13 Isle of Man, 103 Miller, Juliet (1837}, 28 Maskelyne, Nevil (1732-181 I), Milton (Staffs.), 32 Astronomer Royal, 56 Mining Engineers, Midland In­ Mason, George Miles (18 3 2), of stitute of, 116-18 Fenton, 65, 66 Minshull, 52 Mattison, Henry (1814), of Tun­ · Minton, Thomas (1765-1836), 19 stall, 105 Montgomery, James (1771- -- , Jane (1814-80), m. 1854), poet, 92 Enoch Wedgwood, 105 Monthly Magazine, 46 _ Mavor, (Rev.) William Fordyce Moore, Mrs. (1853), 94, 97 (1758-1837), his Universal -- , John, gardener, 122 Stenograph, 24, 27 -- , Bernard, of Draycott, 124 Mavor Abbreviated (1810), by -- , Bernard Clive, I 24 John Henry Clive, 24, -- , Bernard Joseph (1920),, 26, 27 . of Trentham, 124 Meigh, Anita Maria (b. 1846), -- Helen (b. 1883), nee Clive, nee Peake, 109 124 -- , William Mellor (d. 1876), -- Jean Mary, 124 of Ash Hall, 109 -- , Thomas (1779-1852), his Meir, Arthur Clive (1880), of Diary, 91-4 Congleton and Wol- More, (Sir) Thomas (1478-1535), stanton, 9, 57, 100 80

138 INDEX-continued.

Moreton Say, 2 Orleton School, 115, 116 Morisco, 16 Ormerod, George (1785-1873), Morland, George (1763-1804), his Cheshire, 20, 21, 47 his '' Beerhouse,'' 98 Oulton, Mary (1802), 13 Mort, John Drewry, of Stafford, Oundle School, 115, 116 printer, 74 Owen, (Miss) Mary Newill, of Motley's bridge over Avon, 89 Welshpool, Foreword Mucklestone, 109 Oxford University :-Bodleian My Garden, 121 Library, 45 ; Christ Mylne, William Chadwell (1781- Church, III 1863), F.R.S., 85 Myott, James (1821-99), of Pipe Gate, 27, 103, 123 Panting, Charlotte, m. Stanley -- , Margaret (d. 1883), nee John Weyman, 33 Martin, 103 -- • (Rev.) Richard, H.E.I.C.S., 33 Papworth, John Woody (1820- N adin, H., of Bridestones, 57 ; 70), his British Armo-rials Mrs. H., Foreword, 57 46 Napoleon's threatened invasion Paris, 14, 95, 97 of England, I, 2 3 Parkes, (Mr.) -- (1842), 10, 11 Nesbitt, see under Nisbet Parliamentary Election of 1832 Newcastle-under-Lyme, 2-4, 8-11 at Stoke, J. H. Clive's 13, 18, 24, 25, 31, 55, 57-9, skit on, 65-75 IOO, 104, 107, 109, 113, Parnell, Thomas (1679-1718), his 115, 117, 118 Hermit, 92 Newchapel, 5, 9, 14, 21, 30, 31 Parson and Bradshaw's Direc­ Newfield, 3, 4, 6, 9, 13, 17-20, tOt'y) I8, 54, 105 23, 27, 54, 106, I 12, 123 Parsons, Elizabeth, m. John New Hall, 124 George Child, 18 New Jersey, 105 Peake, Anita Maria (b. 1846), m. Newton Manor (or Manor Hall), William Mellor Meigh, 109 Middlewich, 13, 20, 21, 99 -- , Florencia (b. 1856), m. Nicholls, Robert, his Dialect in Joseph Guy Knight, 34, Staffs. Potteries, 84 ; his 109 PenAhull, 84 -- , James Dale (1857-88), of Nisbet, Alexander (1657-1725), Newcastle-under-Lyme, his System of He-raldt'y, I09 48 -- , John (1853-92), of Rie­ N o-rth Staffs. Field Club T,yan- de-Janeiro, 109 sactions, 57 -- , Joseph (1814-1866), of Northwich, 20, 21 Newcastle-under-Lyme, Norton-in-the-Moors, 6-8, 3:2 109 - , Joseph (1851-96), 109 - , Joseph James (b. and Oban, 103 d. 1844), 109 O'Kell, (Rev.) George (1764 ?- -- , Mary (b. 1815), nee Dale, 1833), 13 109 Oppenheimer, David, of London, -- Mary Dale (1849-1933), m. 110 Col. Robert Clement , Horace David (b. Clive, 109, 110, 113-15, 1880), of London, as­ 118 sumed name of Clive, 110 Pease and Partners, 1 I 7

r39 IND EX-continued.

I Pendleton, Joshua (1853), of I Repton, Mary (1731-73), m. Tunstall, 100 I Hugh Ford, 32 Penkhull, 23 -- , Thomas (1694-1745), of Peplow, 107 Norton-in-the-Moors, 2nd Perrin, H. S. (Bath), 99 son of John Repton, Peterborough, 52 Rector of Stoke-upon­ Phillips, John William (1827- Trent, 32 1914 ), of Heybridge, J.P., Rhyl, 117 D.L., 33 Rice, Anne (1810), m. John Pickering, Basil (1944), 116 Ward, of Burslem, 10 Pipe Gate, 103 - , Joseph. of Ashby-de-la- Pitman, {Sir) Isaac (1813-97), Zouch, 10 24, 26 ; his shorthand, Ridgway, John (1786-1860), 19 24, 26 Rio-de-Janiero, 4, 109 Pitt, William (1749-1823), his Robert of Brunne (fl. 1288- StaffO'Ydshire, 57 1338), his Chronicles of Podmore, Walker and Co., 18, England, 75, 80, 83 105 Robert of Gloucester (fl. 1260- Pointon, John (1837), 28 1300 ), historian, 62, 63, Porthkerry, 15 75, 76, 79, 80 Potter, (Archbp.) John {1674 ?- Rochester, 52 17 4 7), his A rchaeologia Rode Heath, I 13 Graeca, 60 Rode House, 105 Potter's A rl, 64 Rodgers, James (1815-90), lessee Power, Dorothy Eily (1911), m. of Hanley Theatre, 55 Lawrence Clive, 123 Rogers, Messrs. John and -- , Edward Thomas, of George, 4 Atherstone, M.R.C.S., 123 Rollin's Roman History, 61 Powis, Earl of, Foreword, 2, 6 Rose, (Mr.) -- (1842), 10 Preston, 4, 9 Rotherham, 117, 118 Prideaux, Helen Clive, 124 Rownall Hall. 20 -- , Joseph Francis Engle­ Royal Horticultural Soc. Jou,-nal, due, C.B.E., 124 120, 121 -- , Lucy Roylance (b. Roylance, Elizabeth (1786-1844) 1882 ). nee Clive, 124 nee Billington, wife 1st of -- , Nancy Trebervyn, 124 John Roylance and 2nd -- , Thomas Engledue Pe- of John Henry Clive, 4, ganus, of Wellington, 13, 14, 18-21, 99, IOI Som., 124 -- James (sc. John), 21 Proby, - (1853), 97 -- , John (1745 ? - 1812), Proctor, C. (1845), 29 of Newton Manor, Middle­ Punch, 108 wich, 13, 14, 18-21, 99 Purton, (Rev.) R. C., his -- . Margaret (1763), m. Woo,-e (1943), 110 (Adml.} Smith Child, 18 Pwllheli, 17 -- , Thomas (1743), of Audley, 18 -- , William (1802), 13 Ranmoor, 116 Rugby School, 111 Raw, Joseph (1845), 29 Rushton Spencer, 58, 59 Reade, Aleyn Lyell (b. 1876), Foreword, gr Repton, Mary (1730), nee Adams St. Kilda, 17 32 St. Michael's Mount, 16 INDEX-continued.

St. Peter's Port, 9 Smith, Christopher (1821-1905), Samuda, Jonathan, of Hartshill, of Paris, etc., M.D., 14, and his wife, I 7 17, 99 " Samuel," I I -- , Elizabeth (d. circa 1796), Sandyford, 3, 4, 27, 28, 30, 31, nee Jervis, 3 107, 123 -- , Elizabeth (d. 1844), nee Scarborough, I I 7 Turner, 3 Scawthorpe Hall, 115, 116 - , H. Watson, J.P., Scilly, 16 M.I.C.E., I 16 Scowcroft, Clair Isherwood, 106 -- , Jeremiah (d. 1792), of -- , Helena (b. 1889), nee Great Fenton, 3 Leech, 106 -·, John (d. 1840), of Great Seabridge, 3 I Fenton, 3 Setoun Genealogy (156r), 62 -- , Lucy (1828-1902), nee Sextant, J. H. Clive's design for, Clive, 7, 8, 14, 17, 19, Foreword, 55-7 21, 90, 91, 93, 95-7, 99, Shakespeare, 92 IOO Shallowford House, 32 --William (1656), 47 Shaw, (Mrs.) -- (1842), of Sneyd family of Keele, 27, 101 Tamworh, II Sneyd, Ralph (1793-1870), of -- , Simeon(1784-1859),LL.D. Keele Hall, 23 his HistOt'y of Stajf01'd­ -- , Walter (1752-1829), of shire Potteries, 6 Keele Hall, M.P., 22 -- , William (1824-9), of Pres- -- , William (1767-1851), of ton, Registrar, 4, 9 Ashcombe Park, 59 Shelton, 23, 53 Southport, 105, 106 Shepperton-on-Thames, 9 Sparrow, John, of Newcastle­ Sherburn, Francis (18 5 I ) , 8 5 under-Lyme and Bishton, Sheridan, J. H. (1812), 19 4 Shoreditch, 93 Sparrows, of Newcastle-under- Shrewsbury, I IO Lyme, solrs., 13 Shrewsbury, Earl of, 33 Spencer's Faerie Queen, 81 ; Sh,yopshire Archaeological Society Shephe,yd' s Calendar, 82 IIO Spode, Josiah (1754-1827), of Simmons, (Mr.) -- (1842), of Stoke-upon-Trent, 18, 53, Birmingham, 10 54 Simondi's Hist. des Francais, 65 - , Josiah (1777-1829), jun., Simpson, Charles (1754-1827), of of Fenton, 53 Tunstall, Master Potter, Staff01'dshire A dvertise'Y, 4-6, 12, 2-9 13, 18, 30, 58, 59, 98 -- , Isaac (1754), of Wol­ Staffordshire Sentinel, 53 ; Even­ stanton, 3 ing Sentinel, I I I, I I 2 -- , Mary (1754), wife of Stallington, 18, 20 Isaac S., 3 Stamer (Rev. Sir) Lovelace Tom­ -- , Sarah (1749-1833), linson (1829-1908), 3rd wife 1st of --Clive, and hart., Bishop Suffragan 2nd of Charles Simpson, of Shrewsbury, 113 2-6 Standa-rd, 14 Skinner, on Chaucer, 76 Stanier, (Sir) Beville (1867-1921) Slawston, 10 hart., M.P., 107 Smith family, of Great Fenton, -- , Francis (d. 1856), of 3 Newcastle-under-Lyme IND EX-continued.

and Madeley Manor, 57, Tilston, 52 58, 100, ro7 Times, 91 -- , Francis (r838-1900), of Tiverton, 89 Peplow, ro7 Tomlinson, John (r771-1838), of Stanthorne (Ch.esh.), 13, 20 Cliffville, 53 Steen, (Lt. Col.) Hugh Barkley, Toone, --, 81 of Shepperton-on-Thames Trentham, 31, 124 9 Tunnicliffe, William, his Survey, --, Lilla, -nee Meir, 9 (1786), 30 Stephenson, Robert (1803-59), Tunstall, 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, engineer, 9 3 13, 17, 19, 20-23, 29-32, Stevenson, Ralph (1775-1853), 58,59,90, 100,103, 105-8, of Etruria, 19 112, 113, 123, 124 Stevenson and Bucknall, 4 Turner, (Miss) -- (1853), 93 Stockdale, John (1749-1814), of Turner Bros., 2, 3, 6 London, publisher, 20 Turner, Glover and Simpson, 2 Stockton, 53 Turner, (Rev.) Daniel (1805), 7 Stoke-upon-Trent, 2, 3, 10, 21-3, -- , Elizabeth (d. 1844), m. 65-7, 72,, 74, 103, 109-11, John Smith, 3 118 -- , John, master-potter, of Stone, 12, 22, 30, 109 Lane End (1733-1786), 3 Stowe School, I I I -- , Sharon (1786-1847), his Strutt, Joseph (1749-1802), his Anglo-Saxon History, 65 Chronicle of England, 65 ; Turnhurst, 31 his Spcrts and Pastimes, Twickenham, 53 82 Tyndall, (Mr.) - (1853), 95 Styche, 2,53 Surnames, J. H. Clive's studies on origin of, 59-95 Universal British Directory, 30 Suspension Bridge, J. H. Clive's Universal Magazine, 49 design for, 86-90 Sutherland, Duchess of, r 13 , Duke of, 33 Vancouver Island, 123 Sutton, William (1788), of Alton, Vincent, -- (1853), clock 22 maker, 98 Swynnerton, 33,119 Sydney, N.S.W., 106 W alcklate, Elizabeth (1785- 1818), m. Thomas Cart­ Tamworth, ro, rr lich, 28, 31 Tarvin, 53 Walker, Leonard, R.I., I 14, I 15, Tatham, Joseph (1845), 29 II9 Taylor, Abia, groom, 33, 35 -- Mary ( r 846), nee Beech, -- , Samuel (fl. 1786-1816), 28 stenographer, 24 -- , Thomas (r846), of Tewkesbury, 83 Sandyford, 28 Theatre, establishment of, in Wallace, (? Alfred Russell), r6 Potteries, 53-5 Ward, Anne (r8ro), nee Rice, 10 Thomas, Richard (18 50), lessee -- , John (1781-1870), of of Hanley Theatre, and Burslem, 55 ; his History Sarah his wife, 54 of Stoke-upon-Trent, 10, Thrale, Mrs., 96 20, 22, 23, 57, 66 Thursfield, 5, 2r --, John (son of William), 9 r42 IND EX-continued.

Ward, Susannah (1821-72), wife ~vVedgwood, Josiah Clement 1st of William Ward and (1872-1943), 1st Baron 2nd of Henry Meir, 9, II, W., his Histo-ry of Wedg­ !2 wood Family, 105 -- , William (1812- ), of , Mary (1844-75), nee Burslem, g-I I Alcock, 104 Warren, (Lt. Col.} -- (1851), Wellington, Som., 124 85 Wellington, Duke of, 66 Watt, (Mr.) -- (1840), 106 Welshpool, Foreword Watts, --, of Mandalay, 124 Wetley Abbey, 65 -- , Beatrice Clarice ( I 9 I 3), Wetley Rocks, 20 m. Herbert Clive, 124 Weym~n, Charlotte, nee Pant­ Webb, William (1656), 47 ing, 33 Wedgwood, Alice Jane (b. 1874), -- , Stanley John (r855- m. vValter Leonard Wil- 1928), novelist, 33, 34, 36 son, 104, 105 Whitaker, John (1735-1808), his , Anne (1758 - 1834), History of Whalley, 62 wife of Isaiah (or Josiah} White's Directory, 18, 20, 106, w., 105 123 , Charlotte (1808), nee Whitfield, 104 Cork, 105 Whitmore, 11 , Charlotte Hannah Wickersley, 115, 118 (1843-1919), m. John Wigan, 106, 117 Henry Clive, 103, 104 Wigginton House, ro, r I , Edith Mary (b. 1871) Wight, Isle of, r 6 m. Hubert H. Wrigley, of Wilbraham, --, on local dia­ Huddersfield, 105 lect, 78 , Edmund Mattison William IV., 66 (1840-1904), of Tunstall, Williams, J. F. (1828), of master-potter, J.P., 104, Newcastle-under-Lyme, 105 58, 59 , Enoch (1813-79), of Williamson, Hugh Henshall Tunstall, master-potter, (1838), of Greenway J.P., 103, 105 Bank, 19, 33, 53, 54, 59 , Henry (1838-1882), Williamson (Henshall) family, his Up and Down the 106, 107 County, 31 Willoughbridge, Foreword, 6, 59, , Isaac (1786-1821), 99, IOI, Il8-I22 of Tunstall, printer, pub­ Willis, (Rev.) John, his A rt of lisher and author, 105 Stenography (1602), 24 , Isaiah (or Josiah), Wilson, Alice Jane (b. 1874), nee (1765-1823), of Tunstall, Wedgwood, 105 printer, 105 --, Walter Leonard, of Bir- , Jane (1814-80), nee kenhead, 105 Mattison, 105 Winchester, 52 , Josiah (1730-95), of Winsford, 20 Etruria, niaster-potter, Wint, Geoffrey John (b. 1899 ), F.R.S., 19, 105 of Eardington, 119 , Josiah (or Isaiah), --, Jill Clive (b. 1941), r 19 (1765-1823), of Tunstall, --, John Thomas (1899), 119 printer, 105 --, Phyllis Mary (b. 1912), , Josiah (1769-1843), nee Clive, 119, I2I of Maer Hall, M.P., 65, 66 --, Victoria (b. 1940), rr9

143 INDEX-continued.

Witton (Chesh.), 13 Woore, Foreword, 7, II, 23, 27, Wolstanton, 3-5, 9, 12, 13, 17, 31-5, 108, 110-14, 118 21, 28, 31, 32, 103-5, 107, Wooton (Warw.), 118 112 Wootton-under-Edge, F OYeword Wood, (Maj.) Charles Edmund Worcester, 52 Wedgwood (1854-1946), Wonnbridge, 53 of Bishton Hall, 20 Wright, John, of Chester, 47 --, Elizabeth (1787-1818), m. Wrigley, Edith Mary (b. 1871 ), William Court, 21 nee Wedgwood, 105 xrycliffe Tnl-.n ,,,, T .... RA\ Rn --, George (1829), 8 ;y • J 'V~ ,-- ... ::J'V"t J, "'"' --, James (1833), 21, 22 ' --, John (1778 - 1848), of Yarmouth, 109 Brownhills, 4, 54, 55 Yates, Horton (1851), 32 --, Sarah ( r 816), nee Cotton, Yonge, (Rev.) Weston Edward 21, 22 Vernon· (1849-1914), of --, Thomas (1833), 21 Chames, his Bypaths of Wood family of Brownhills, Staffordshi,e_. 109 20,107 Wood, Mitchell and Co.; Fore­ word NOTES 1 Conce,-ning the j

Amongst the papers belonging to John Clive, of Birlingham Manor, near Pershore, Worcestershire, who died, aged 82. in February, 1947, the (2nd) eldest brother of l\'lrs. Dorothy Clive the foil owing note was found : "John and Henry Clive left Oaldy Park [in the parish of Brom­ field, Shropshire] about 1800, and started a gun-barrel works at a water-mill near Tamworth, and later built a works on the side of the canal off Lancaster Street, Birmingham. At a later date, a street was made, called, and is still called Cliveland Street. Later still., they built a larger Factory in Bagot Street. John Clive married one of the two beautiful Miss Taylors of Winson Green Mansion, and Ralph Heaton of the [Birmingham] Mint,2 married the other." ''John Clive died rather young with all their money in the new Works, and left Mrs. John and her family very poor. A man named John Hickman lent money to my father Joseph Charles Clive and he quickly made a success. Quite a short time ago at the back of some cottages the old archway entrance to Winson Green Mansion, still existed. The Birmingham Directories3 furnish a good deal of inform. ation concerning John and Henry Clive. They first occur as Clive and Taylor, in 1808 to r8r2 at 14 St. Mary's Row, and in 1815, as John Clive at the same address. In 1823 at I, Newton Row and John Clive & Son occurs in 1843 at that address, and continues until 1875, while Henry Clive appears at Baggot Street in 1839 and until 1872. Joseph Charles Clive appears to have carried on business from 1849, by himself when he was 23 years of age (with house at 18 Guest Street), and was joined by Hickman in 1872, and continued as Hickman and Clive until 1888.

l This Note is not indexed as the particulars for it only arrived when the book was in the final stage of going through the press.

~ The Birmingham Mint, which still exists. was originally Ralph Heaton & Sons. The Ralph Heaton who founded the Mint, died in 1832.

3 Information from the Directories and other help has been kindly furnished by Mr. F. J. Patrick and his staff of the Birmingham Reference Library. John Clive was living at Lancaster Street, Birmingham, when he died on the 8th February, r834, aged 53, and being born in 1781, he would be nineteen years of age or thereabouts when he left Shropshire according to his grandson, John Clive's statement already quoted. Joseph Charles Clive born in 1827, married 14th April, 1860, at St. Mary's, Handsworth, Elizabeth Ellen, daughter of Edwin Simpson of Aston, Birmingham (formerly of Linlithgowshire), and Mary (Brittle) his wife. They had issue, thirteen children, of whom the eldest was Charles Edwin, the second viz : John, we have already mentioned and the youngest child was Dorothy, born 14th January, r884, named p.p. 118-122. Joseph Charles Clive and his family lived at Barston Hall, Warwick­ shire, where he died on the 1rth November, 1886, aged 59. His wife Elizabeth Ellen, died 5th May, 19r8, aged 82, they lie buried with several of their family in Barston Parish Church­ yard. After the death of Joseph Charles Clive the family left Barston and came to Wootton Green not far a,vay from their old home, before they finally dispersed in different directions. An important part of the business of Hickman & Clive was amalgamated with several firms under the name of Ingall, Parsons, Clive & Co. Ltd. in 1888, when Charles Edwin Clive 1 was appointed one of the Directors • He died, 19th April, 1915, aged 54, and there is now no member of the Clive family in the business.

The following blank pages are given in case any one would personally like to add any information that comes to light after publication, which m-ight conceivably happen, and correct any inadvertant errors of mine..

1 Ex information from Mr. George H. lngall, J.P., of Erdington, a Director of fngall, Parsons, Clive & Co. Ltd., Birmingham, from 1900 to 1945. Compiled from VISITATION OF ENGL.~ND AKD WALES. Edited by F. A. Crisp, F.S.A., NOTES VOL .. U (Grove Park Pr,,ss, Inndon, 1915). Pedigre<, at the College of Arni,;, Parish Registers of Moreton Say, Market Drarton, and Clive of Huxley in Adderley, Sa!op, and family papers. Cheshire, and Styche, Shropshire.

Jamt'S CJh·e of Huxley, Co. Chester, Hsquire, 2nd son of Richard Clive of Hurley, Esqllire, (by Catherine Styche, daughter and heir of ·Thom.s Styche ot· ~tychif", Co. Saiop-died 8 :P..lay, Cath.i in, Handford, his !st wife), heir of his brother. Peter Clive of Huxley. Died 6 Oct., 148-1. 1538. She ruarr:ied 2ndl~· Hugh Grim<;dech, and :irdly Richard Bruen.

Alice,daughterofSir HugbCalveley, Richard Clive of Huxley and Ka_ttrerine., Widow of Robt. Bird f

I Richard Clive Marga.rd, after 1536 Richard Starkey. of Huxley, Co. Chester and Stycbe, Co. SaJ.,p. daughtn ,)f Sir Richard Cort>ct .r,f Mordon (hristian, 1st Richard Hope Katherine, of Stretton, Co. Chest.er. aged 40 or more in 1535/6, died Htb Oct., Corbet, Co. Salop, by Elizabeth, his wife, 2ndl y . ••••• Brereton 1561, buried at Moreton Sa,·. Co. Salop, daughter of \Valter, Lord Ferrers, of Chartley, Jnq. p.m. at Chester, 15th April, 1562. Co. Stafford, buried }loreton Say. Will (Clte.sler Vol. 74, No. 2) dated 2nd :\lay, 1572/3, proved 2nd Nov., 1573 (P.C.C. 33. Pet

Richard Oive, Jane. James Clive, - \~argery .Morley, Ralph Clive, - Dorothy, Jane, of London, received property from du~r:l . bfi.fo~ 22nrl Nov., 1567. She Ali~. of Huxley and Styche, aged 48, daugbtero!Sir Wm. Brereton, of Brereton, of Walford, Co. Salop, received daughter of Thos. Kynaston, Elizabdh Drnothv married 1st, Richard (buried 111 · Wolverhampton 15th Apil, 1562, died 27th April, Co. Chester, married before Nov. 6th, bis father by settlement 24th Jan., 1n..u-r:f'rl fust James Gilbt-rt. of property from Iris father bv died 7th March, 158213 lnq. p.m. Church). 1561.l;I. Named in his Mother's Will London, Gold.smith, who died in Lee, of Lee, Co. 1572, . buried in Holy Trinity 1553. (date of settlement) lhing 27th settlement, 24th Jan., 15601i. Newport, !~th Mar, 1608. .fai11~ Barker Chester, and 2ndly Church. Chester, M.I. lnq. p.m. SepL, 1591. 2nd March 1572/3. 1550. Admon. granted 22nd Nov., Will dated 4th Jan., 158112 and ' J.567. P.C.C. Richard Harcourt, of John Cresswell, of Wolverhamp­ Ches1er, 3nl Dec., 15 Eliz. (1572). and 22nd July, 1582, pro\'ed Rampton, Co. Stafford. ton Will dated 30th June, 159:l, 1st Nov., 1582. pro;_.ed P.G.C. Hth Sep,. 1593. He married 2nd Elizabeth, Rowland Clivi:::. Elizabeth. Dorothy daughter of ...... Jiving 1:::-t Sept., 1589. n;i,111ed in their grandmothers \VilL 2nd ~larch, I a72/3.

Sir George (,1ive, RacM-f ..=. George Snsan, Sara Rebecca Judith Hester = John of Hlllley alld Styche. Chancellor of daughter of Henry Coppinger, ' Trend1ard died before 3rd De<:., M.I. bwied from Huxley Starkey the Excheqner in Ireland. Admitted of Buxball, Co. Suffolk. Marriage 1572. HolY Trinit\? at Moreton Sav. W1\l Gray's Im:, 1576, Knighted 4th July, settlements llth Dec., 1580, ChurCh, Chesiera dated 17th Sept., itl()I 1588. Pm.-y Councillor, Ireland, 1588, died 20t1 July, 1609. Buried at proved 31st March, diNI 1st SepL, 1590. Will datNI !st Sept. Eaetbaru, Co. Chester. She 1602. P.C.C. 151!9, pro,·ed 8th Nov., 1591 P.C.C. married 2ndly John Poole, of lnq. !'-ID., W 0t!lington, 27th Sept., 1591. Poole, m Eastham. (C. Ycl. 229 No. 12lj. Buried Moreton Say, Co. Salop.

Marv, Ambrose Clive, Alice, Stephen Clive. Rebecca, = ~Iarried. at Eastham, Co. Chester, 31st July, Joshua Clive daugilter of An

I Rohe.rt Cli••<': = llarv, Rebecca George Cliw. Raebel Thos. Wilbraham, of N'antwkh, of Styche, C(,. Salop, educated at Whitchurch dallghter of ~ir Edward Alleyn bom 25th August, 1596. of Loppin,;ton. born 20th Feh., horn 20th Mar., 1598}9. born 25th June, 1589, of Lincoln's and S. John's Coll. cam bric!~c. ~lch. 1629;:-IO. of Hatfield Pes·erell, (o E=, died 11th July, 1612. Inq. 1597j8, lnq. p.m. Shrewsbury. .l!arried 2•th Mar., 1619/20. Inn, Esq. of tile Body_toCbarles I of Lincoln's Im,, 7th June, 1s:n. }!ewher Bart.~ buried :\Ioreton Say. p.m. Shrewsbury, 13th Jan., 26th Jane, 1611. !st Nov., 1628, died in 16-13 of Parliamentary Committee, 0>. S.llop. 1612/13. ~LP. Bridgnorth, 1646. Buried ;',loreton Say, 16th Nov., 1697 .

George Clive, .!\fary, Aged 22, 28th Aue., 1663. Buried !0th :Sov., daughter and heir of Martin Husbaads, 1677, at Wonnbridge, Co. Hereford. of \\'ormbridge, Co. Hereford {C".r<>vt-rnor Qf th• Isle of Ely, 1645). ~larriedafter Oct., 1644.

Robert Cliv-.:, Elizabeth, George Cive, Edward Clive, - S:u-ah. Elizabeth Mary Judith Sarah of Stycbe, Market Draytoa, daogb.ter of Richard Amphlct1, hapt. Wonnhridge, 3rd July, 1667, of the. of Wormbridge, Co. Hereford Bapt.. daughter of Bright Key, of Bristol. v.·ill dated 4th Oct., C!i,·e, born in 1661, died aged 55. of Fcur Ashes, ol Hadzoc, and :l!iddle Temple. 26th !l!ay, 1688, called Womibridge 18th Feh., 1672/3. Buried ~larried, Wonnbffll&e, 14th April, 1697, l76Z, proved 10th Nov. Executrix to her brother buried Moretnn S;\y, 21st Clent, Co. Womester. Bapt. to the Bar 18th May, 1694. Of LincOii.1.':. there 13th 'June, 1745. Will -1/5. Inn, 19th :\fay, 1713. · Cursitor Baron lltb Jan, 1739/40, proved 12th July. 22nd Oct., 1737. 1739/40. ldamedClent24thXo,·, 1681, died of the Exchequer: 6t.i Nov,, 1735. 1745 .. P.C.C. 189 Seymer. · aged8.l. buried 17th SepL, 173$, •t \\'ill dated 17th Jan., li34/o. ;,rove~ Moreton Say, M.I. !Ith Jan., 1}39/40. Buri

Flizabetlt, Sir Edward Clive. Judith, George Clin\ Catherine, Penelope, Lewis Clive. _ Sarah James, Henry Clive, Charles Clive, daughter of Ricbd. of Wormbridge, Knt., Justice of bapt. Mucldestone, 29th Oct., of Bath, Co. Somerset. (Kitty Clive) daughter daughter and co-heir of Howton Grange, Married 4th Feb., 1747, of S. James' Street. of Mortlake, Co. Sumey, born at S)'Dl(lDS, of The lilynde, the Cororoon Pleas, born S. Lawrence, 1730. Co. Stafford. D•ugbter a Barristet". Buried at of Wm. Raftor, of Wm. Scudamore, of Co. Hereford, died di. it Little Strawberry Named in the Will of Wi!I dat,,d 311th Dec .• 1768 to Feb., Harris,) Hill, 6th Dec. buried Sarah, his cousin Robert, 1st Sarah, 2nd ¥,rife. 1771, provNI :0th May, 1771. Twickenham, 14th Dec., bapt. 4 Aug., 17tl, Lord Clive, I 773. named in the Will of her father, P.C.C. Trevor 1785. M.l. buried 13 Aug., I 741. 11th January, 1739/40 and of her Died at Bath. Co. Sonre

Mary, l!Glle

Letitia, a Son, buried Francie:. Sarah. Judith, !,opt. Moreton S.y, 6th bapt. s. l4ary's, bapt. Drayton, ls~,;v Market Dranoo, Moreton . Jan., 1724. Z3rd July 1723, 17:1(1_.' Say, 21st 12th Sept.. 1734. July, 1720. Sa,ab, bapt. 12th -. bapt. ~· May, 1731. 1723. George Clive, Edward Clive, bapL Marl

Rebecca, - V f'll. R0bt. Clive, Richard Clive, Sar,, = Sir John Judith, Frances, Sir Robert Clive, ~ M•rg-.trel, Na tl>aniel Oive, born 18th Oct.. 1730, roarriNI Rector of Moreton Say, oon of born 14th April, 1736 born 20th April James born 1st De<:., born 12th Feb., . !st Lord Oive of Plassev, K.B., boro at Daughter of Edward MasJrelyne, Revd. Benjamin Clive, bapt. buried Moreton Say, I 732, married Markh:im., 1733, married I 734i5, married born 13th May, 1722, Styche, 29th Sept., bapt. Moreton Say, of Purtoo, Co. Wilts, bapt. 1735 Moreton Say, 26th Nov., 1759. died an infanL Died liar., 1825. Adderley, Sa!op, 9th Sept., I 723. 19th Jan., 1739-40. 30th Ang., 1755, BarL,ofDraytoo 25th Jan., 1757. 7th July, 1759 2nd OcL, 1725. Died at Bedteley Square, Manied 18th Feb.. 1752/3; died S. J~lm's College, 3rd July, 1742, died at The in Hales. 22nd Nov., 177 4. Will dated 24th Nov., at Oald<,y Park. Co._Salop, aged M.. ¥. I 750. Rector of Adderley George Clive, Grove, Market Thomas Matthew 1773, proved P.C.C. 13 Dec., 1774. 83, 28th fl«· .. t,n ,. Pr,.b: Hereford, 1760-9, Vicar of born 27th July, 1738, Drayton, 23rd Woolley, Wilson Names his brother Wro..Cousin RobL Clive. Clun, 1766-82, Arclld. Salop, buried Moreton Say, Jan., 1828. ol Bloomsbury of Esbton Hall, Archd. Salop Consin Geoqe ol Fleet St.. 1769-82, Prell. Westminster, 27th Jan., 1742. in Craven. Banm, ~ds of WOl'lllhriclg,, (,and 1778-92, died 15th Julv. 1792. his Sou. Edward Bolton CliYe) cousins M.J. '.\toreton Say. Henry and Charles Oive, &c. Richard Clive, born in Parish of S. Bartholomew, London, 26th June,1741.

William Clive, - FJizabe•.b Clive, Anne, = Hon. George Elizabeth, daughter of John born 14th Nov., bapt. born 29th Aug., 1745, born 17th Ap., Semphill, diNI 23rd June, 1825. Rotton, of Duffield, 1740 marrird E.I. Coy's 23rd Dec., 1742, buried Co. Derby, by Elizabeth !st Dec., 1764 Service, died 10th June. 1743. Da1LofRev. Benjamin 2nd wife. 18th Dec. 1779 Clive.

I Judith, Sir Edward Clive, George - Sydney, Benjamin Clive. Elizabeth, John Clive, Susanna, S11sano.:i 1 Clive,. \"en. Robt. Clive. bapt. 20th Oct., bapt. Mucldestone, Co. Stafford, of Worrobridge, Co. Hereford. daughter and bapt. Adderley, 9th SepL bapL Adderley, 10th bapt. Adderley, bapt. 9th Mar., L.tpt. Mucklestone, bapt. Mucklestoi..~ heiress of Tbos. 1726/7 at Adderley Co. Stafford, 7th 1736/7, at Mackle­ 29th Oct., 1780, married 17th Justice of the Common Pleas, 1/:!3 tsee- above} J1-G issue. Aug., I 724, Capt. 28th Oct., 1725. bom 15th Jnly, 1708, died at 9th Jan., 1731/2, Bolton of Knock, (R.N ) of The Tridt-.nt, buried Mucklestone Aug., I 729, born stone, buried 26th Oct., 1763 at Mceton Say, Sept., 1737. died at Wonnbridge, 20th Au,:, Bath, Co. Somerset, 16th April, of Fleet SL, London Co. Louth, TreluJd Died Moreton Say, John Rotton 26th Sep., 1737. 16th July, died Banker, of Worro­ Rebetta, young. 1796. 2nd Wm; no issue. 1771. (see above). Married 1st Jux,e, born 18th Uct., 1730. 14th April, 1764. of D11ffield, Co. bridge, Co. Hereford I 76-1, died. 18th l~t Cousin, eld. daughter Derby, roamrd William Cliw, M.P. Bishop's Aug., 18!4. Ricbd. Clive, of Styehe. 17th April, 17 56. bapt. Adderley, Castle, 1763-1779. 18th Apri~ I 728. Died 1779.

I Lt. Col. Robert Clive Robert Rebecca, - Lt. Gen. Charlotte, Margaret, = Lt. Col. Elizabeth, Edward Clive, Lady Henrietta Richard Clive, Jane, died 20th Oct., buried Lambert born 30th Oct., bom 30th Aug., 1769, died unmarried, 1883, bom 4th Man:h, bapL born 15th June, 1756. Clive, born 15th Sept., bapt. John Earl of Powis, hom in Antonia Herbert born 13th O<:t., Moreton Say, 10th Robinson Moreton Say. 29th Oct. Th,odore 1764. Queen's Sq., 7th Man:b, sister and heir of G

Tbeophilns = :\!ary Anne, Henrv Charlotte Louisa Edward B1>lton Clive, .= Hon. Harriet, Clive· J~:.ne, of Whitfield, Co. Horeford, M.P. d.lughter and co-heir of Andrew, a;.., daughter of I Admiral W. H. of daughter of 1st Aug., Herefunl, born 1765. last Baron Archer of Unu,er• John Buller slade, married 5th Dec., !790. Kelly and 2ndly Barkharn, 1795, Fann\·_ da~hter Co. Berks. of .\forval, Fredk. h:eppel oI J0hn MC ~LP. Ludlnw, Cornwall. of Lex.ham. Kinloch, :\!.P. died IS-IS. Co. I X,)rfolk. (see Burkes' Landed Gentry, Clive of Whitfield and Clive of Pea ystouc Court).