The Bureau of Naval Personnel Career Publication

'*.*AllHANDS*, THE BUREAU OF NAVAL PERSONNEL CAREER PUBLICATION

APRIL 1968 Nav-Pers-0 NUMBER 615

VICEADMIRAL BENEDICT J. SEMMES, Jr., USN The Chief of NavalPersonnel REARADMIRAL BERNARD M. STREAN, USN The Deputy Chief of NavalPersonnel CAPTAINJAMES G. ANDREWS, USN AssistantChief for Morale Services

~~ ~~ ~ ~~~ ~~~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~ TABLE OF CONTENTS Features Courage SpokeLouder Than Words-He Had OnlyTime to Say “Duck!“ ...... 2 RAG-Time Sailor-Legend of theDelta ...... 5 ARD leavesThem High and Dry ...... 7 PatrolBoats Keep the CanalOpen ...... 8 LSTs: Mobile Bases on the Mekong ...... 10 Rescue at Sea: A Navy Routine ...... 12 The Paramedics: Rescue Team Number One ...... 16 ReportFrom VX-6: TwelveYears on Ice ...... 18 NavalShipyard Repair-Saigon Style ...... 24 Life-Saving Feature What Do You Know About OBA? ...... 28 Departments Lettersto the Editor ...... 32 Today’s Navy ...... 38 Servicescope-News AboutOther Services ...... 46 Bulletin Board Meeting With MasterChief Petty Officer of the Navy ...... 48 AdakDuty: It Can Be Vigorous, Rigorous, Rewarding ...... 49 PrepSchool Can BeStart of Your New Career ...... 54 ServiceLapel Button and Flagfor Navy Families ...... 55 Project Transition: Guideline from Military to Civilian Life ...... 57 Special Supplement Turn the Page-If This Report Does Not Concern You ...... 60 Taffrail Talk ...... 64

John A. Oudine, Editor Associate Editors G. VernBlasdell, News Don Addor, layout & Art AnnHanobury, Research Gerald Wolff, Reserve

0 FRONT COVER: FLAGBAG MESSAGE-Flaghoist is a familiar method ofvisual signaling, usuallyfor tactical orders. In case you might be rusty on reading flags, the message flown fromthe halyard reads: USN, USA.-Drawing byALL HANDS staff artisl Robert H. Swain, SN, USN.

0 AT LEFT: SHORT BREAK-Members of a U. S. SEAL team pause in a smoII palm grove duringoperotions in the VinBinh Province of Vietnam. SEALS (Sea, Air and land)are counter-guerrillaexperts highly trained in unconventional warfare and paramilitary opero- tions.-Photo by Dan Dodd, PHI, USN.

0 CREDIT: All photbgraphs published inALL HANDS Magazine are official Deportment of Defense photos unlessotherwise designated. HE HAD ONLY TIME TO SAY “DUCK!” Couruge Spoke Louder IT WAS A DAY of courage, of heroic thegrenade landing in the after deed and death. cockpit of theboat, Ouellet threw That’s how 6 Mar 1967 will be himselfbetween it andthe rest of rememberedby the survivingcrew the crew, absorbing most of the blast of Patrol Boat, River (PBR) 124 and with his own body. by the bereaved parents of Seaman David G. Ouellet, USN, the Navy’s ALMOST ALL OF THE BLAST frag- second Medal of Honor recipient of ments that would have gonefor- the Vietnam conflict. ward were absorbed or deflected by The events which led to his death Ouellet’s flak jacket and body. Most in the Mekong Delta began early in of theshrapnel holes later spotted the evening on 6 March, just a little had gonethrough the stern and over a year ago. down into the hull of the boat. Only PBR 124,with 22-year-old Ouel- three small fragments went forward. let of Wellesley, Mass.,as its for- Onecaused a slight scratchon the wardtwin-50 cal. machinegunner, back of VanZandt’s hand. Another Lad penetrated into theCua Dai caused a slight scratch on the scalp tributary of the MekongRiver in of RM2 Joseph H. Camp. However, search of Viet Cong infiltrators. The Ouellet’s head came to rest in a five- location was about 18 miles from the Seaman David G. Ouellet, USN inchhole caused by the explosion. boat’s homebase, My Tho. “I amfirmly convinced,” said CDRRuecker, “that the action of CCORDING TO THE REPORTS re- Seaman Ouellet was not a mere re- A ceived from Commander K. H. action. From his positiondown in Ruecker, then Commander River the forwardgun mount, with only Squadron Five, darkness was begin- his headand shoulder exposed, he ning to set in over the quiet country- could have easily just lowered him- side whenSeaman Ouellet noticed self tocomplete safety. If hehad suspicious activity in a rice field done so, hewould have escaped near the river bank. He recom- even probable injury. mendedto his boatcaptain SM2 Be pulled himself out of the pro- “The actions of SeamanOuellet James W. Van Zandt that they close tecting gun mount and ran aft down during the flight of the grenade were the area and investigate. the narrow gunwale of the speeding apparent conscientious efforts to At about 24 knots, the boat passed boat shouting as he did so: “Duck!” save his shipmates. He realized the the area ata distance of 40to 50 As he bounded from the gunwale dangerand placed that secondary yards when a fragmentation grenade onto the engine compartment cover, to his determination that his boat was launched from the shore. None with his left handhe pushed the and his shipmateswould not be of the surviving crew members saw boatcaptain, Van Zandt, from be- harmedby the grenade. This is in eitherthe activity or thelaunched tweenthe two vertical waist-high keepingwith his previousconduct grenade.However, it appearsthat armor plates forward to safety. duringthe numerous times he was Ouellet saw both. In the split second that followed under enemy fire.”

PBRr move cautiously while searching for enemyon canal bank. II E YELLED FOR us toduck,” recalls Van Zandt, who told how Ouellet pushed him down and continued running aft without stopping. At his warning, the rest of the crew hit the deck and took cover. CrewmemberJames D. Colville, GM3, USN, who hadbeen forward withOuellet before the young seaman burst aft, recalls that after the explosion Ouellet was “lying in the port corner of the stern of the boat. I ran back by the starboard gunwale and crossed over to him. Van Zandt reached him about the same time.” Ouellet was badly wounded in the body and forehead. Two of the five- mancrew immediately began ad-

2 ALL HANDS

Y, medicalaid and maintain contact with othergroups. Rt: Vietnamese assault boat patrols Mekong Delta. RAG-TIME SAILOR- legen Assignedas an advisor to Viet- HOLDING onto the handrail, the Assessing the damage,Chief chief made his wayalong the Canby and the crew made the neces- nameseCoastal Group (junk force) side of the command boat. At 0200 sary repairs before returning to the 37at ThiemThom inlower Kien it was dark, and everystep had to ambush site to give theenemy a HoaProvince, Canby remained betaken carefully. One careless taste of his own medicine. there for over a year. In September move, and he could have fallen into After silencing the enemyguns, 1965,he was reassignedto Coastal the swollen Mang Thit River. the RAG continued patrolling the Group 36 at Long Phu in Ba Xuyen Withthe Vietnamese River As- area until daybreak. Province. It was while he was serving with sault Group (RAG) commandboat HIS WAS TYPICAL of the kind of moving swiftly downstream,Chief the junk forces that reports of the Tduty experienced by Canby,and chiefs heroic exploits first began cir- Gunner’s Mate Edmund B. Canby, typical of manysuch actions in USN, was making his way tothe culatingaround the Delta. On 9 which U. S. Navy advisors are di- Nov 1964, while he was still serving craft’s forward 20-mm gun mount to rectly involved in the conflict in assist thegunner in repairing his with the ThiemThom junk base Vietnam. units, an eventoccurred which weapon. 15 May 1964, Military Assistance Chief Canby, the enlisted advisor formed the basis of the legend. Advisory Group(MAAG) Vietnam That afternoon, the junk in which tothe Vietnamese Navy’sRAG 31 was redesignated as Military Assist- basedat Vinh Long in SouthViet- Canby was riding as an advisor gave ance Command, Vietnam (MACV) . chaseto five VietCong sampans, nam’s Mekong Delta, had worked on The Navy’s efforts at that time came all types of guns during his 24 years herdingthem toward shore. AShis underthe command of the Naval junk came within range of the shore, in the Navy and could fix the Advisory Group(NAG)-and this weapon, even in the dark. enemymachine guns and rifles was when Chief Canby first reported opened up with a heavy barrage of During one period whichwas sup- for duty in Vietnam. posed to be a 24-hourtruce in the fire. fighting on Buddha’s birthday,the Grabbing a 57-mm recoilless rifle, RAG patrolhad been attacked by I RAG-TIME HERO Canbyimmediately returned the the enemy from both sides of the Whileserving in Southeast Asia, enemy’sfire. The Vietnamesecrew river. The 65-footcommand boat Chief Canby has been decorated by manned the .30-caliber machine gun had taken hits by a B-40 rocket, re- the VietnameseGovernment with and 60-mm mortar. coilless rifle fire and automatic weap- the Cross of Gallantry,bearing the As they neared shore, the machine ons before it couldget out of the Bronze Star. From the United States, gunner was wounded, and the mor- ambush area. One of the incoming hehas earned three Bronze Star tar crewwent to his assistance. rounds had damaged the 20-mm Medals and the Air Medal as well as Then, when Canby fired the last of gun. numerous campaign ribbons. his recoillessrifle ammunition, he

4 ALL HANDS jumpeddown to the mortarand begansending the enemysome high explosives. Singlehandedly, and without concern for his own safety, hedirected the mortar fire which silencedthe VietCong’s .50-caliber machine gun positions. Whenthe mortar crew returned, Canbythen manned the .30-caliber machinegun until the junk‘s crew hadcaptured the five enemy craft andhad destroyedseveral of the fortifications on the beach. The chief‘s heroic actions on thatday earned him the U. S. Bronze Star Medal with Combat “V.”

IN FEBRUARY 1966,Canby was called back tothe U. S. to help set up a new curriculum for training river patrol boat crews. After three months of helpingto organize the newtraining unit, hereturned to Vietnam. Arriving in the Mekong Deltain

May 1966,Canby was assigned to Division,Chief Canby’s immediate the U. S. Navy’s OperationGame superior, Lieutenant N. B. Howell, Warden as a patrol officer with Officerin Charge of River Section River PatrolSection 511 of River 511, made the following comments: Division 51, which had become op- “ChiefCanby’s initiative, courage erational a month earlier. and devotion to duty while engaged On a routine patrol of the Bassac in actionagainst Viet Cong insur- River about 15 miles southeast of gentsare incomparable. His per- CanTho, the river patrolboats formances while under fire from the (PBRs) beingdirected by Chief enemyhave shown him to ,be an Canby were attacked from the river- excellent leader of the highest cali- bankby Viet Congwith automatic ber.And, his ability to direct and weaponsand rockets. Unable to coordinate supporting elements dur- suppress the heavy fusillade of en- ing hostile engagements has contrib- emy fire, the chief radioed for utedgreatly to the success of the helicoptergunship air support. RiverSection’s operations.” With the arrival of the helicopters, Canby moved his boat into an area IN THREE YEARS Canby had become nearthe enemy positions where he the legend that was to betold could direct the air strikes. With again in action that occurredonly bullets flying around himfrom the this pastJune. Lieutenant J. A. enemy’s machineguns, he main- Daniel Smith, U. S. Navy Advisor to tained his forward position until the Vietnamese RAG 23, recalled the last Viet Cong attacker had been put event. down. LTSmith began: “On 25 June I Whilehe liked hisjob of patrolhad the opportunity to be on patrol ling the rivers of the Mekong Delta, with Chief Canby and the RAG he the chief yearned for his former role advises. Wewere embarked on a as anadvisor to the Vietnamese commandament boat, when at 0800 Navy.Thus, at his request, hewas wereceived word thatthe 1st and reassignedto the Vietnamese River 16th Vietnamese Army Battalions Assault Group (RAG) 31 at Vinh wereunder attack. Theywere lo- Long on 20 May 1967. catednear the Mang Thit River, Upon his transfer from the River abouthalfway between the Co

APRIL 1968

USS WINDSOR atwork in Subic. Rt: Docking basin is ARD leaves Th DRYDOCKINGis the simple matter of ing officer, whoschedules theyard 30 feet in about an hour. Tugs and getting a shiphigh anddry so period and checks specifications for push-control craft usher the ship to that it may be repaired. The opera- theship to be docked. be docked toward the stern gate of tion seems simple because a team of the drydock. A weighted line marks Navy professionals make it so. A PATTERN of keel and frame sup- the keel position over the submerged One Navy team of professional port blocks is assembled on the blocks as the shipeases into place. drydockers is the crew of uss Wind- chamber floor of the drydobk to re- Marked chains set between the well sor (ARD 22). ceive the ship for repairs. There is walls serve as guides for the keel Windsor has been serving as part no margin for error in the arrange- line indicators. Aweb of lines is of theship repair facility at Subic ments of thesesupport blocks, and strungbetween the wellwalls and Bay for 13 years. Inthat time,she the professionalism of mensuch as theship for stabilization and ma- hasdocked more than 1000 vessels those of Windsor is evident in their neuvering. ranging insize from destroyers and placement. If one blockmisses a A final check of keel alignment is submarines to small service craft. frame when the water is pumped out made by a team of SCUBA divers be- Each of the dockings has been dif- of the dock, the weight of the ship fore pulling the plug on the drydock. ferent even though some of the ships will punch a hole in the hull. Pumpout is a time-consuming proce- havebeen of the same class. Even Generalquarters is sounded dur- dure.During this operation,keel ships of the same class have peculiar- ing the flooding process, and Windsor position andsupport lines require ities in hull configuration and frame crewmembersman air andwater constantwatching. placement. valves, straighten towlines and ready Finally, the last drop of water is The dockingprocedure begins service connections for the incoming pumped from the now dry drydock, when a message is relayedto Ship ship. and Windsor contains a high and dry Repair Facility, Subic Bay, bythe Windsor sinks gradually when the ship ready to be repaired. shiprequesting a dockingperiod. stern gate is lowered and all valves --Story andPhotos by The request is forwarded to thedock- opened. She descends to a depth of Tim Leigh, JOSN

EASY DOES IT-USS Lucid (MSO 458) is towed into submerged docking basin. Center: Lucid is maneuvered directly abovekeel blocks. Right:Guideline hangs from bow as crewmen aboard Windsor (ARD 22) center ship with lines.

Vietnamesesent two Army battalions, five PopularForce (local village or hamletmilitary units) platoons, three Regional Force (pro- vincial military units) companies and one company of Police Field Forces (a segment of the National Police) into the area, to organize the population, andto open and provide security for the canal. Vietnamese RiverAssault Groups (RAGS) based at Vinh Longwere used in the campaignto provide armed landing craft and gunboats for troop-lift, patrol and gunfire support for the ground operations.

URING THE COURSE of the campaign, the combined Vietnamese ground and naval forces constructed 11 new outposts to help in control- ling the 31-mile long waterway. They also built bridges, classrooms, roads, medical facilities and a marketplace in each of five former VC-controlled KEEPING THE BOATS FIT-Maintenancecrews atNha Be keep theriver hamlets. Whilereturning 824 families to patrolboats of theOperation Game Warden unitsin operating condition their villages fromwhich they had been displaced by the VC, the Viet- PBR Support Barges contains fuel, water, anddry stores namese armed forces secured the en- space. tire length of the canal as well as River patrol boats plyingVietnam’s Berthing Unit-Provides living everythingwithin a mile onboth inlandwaterways now havea sup- spaces for 116 people,and laundry sides. Some 30,760people live port base especially designed to ac- facilities. The hull contains fuel and within these boundaries. commodate them. water storage. Regainingoperational control of Upto now the PBRs havebeen RepairUnit - Superstructure forced to return to Saigon for repairs the canal from the VC was no easy contains repair office and shop space. and variousother services, thereby task. Many long andhard battles It hascleared space on about half shortening their operatingtime. A werefought. Finally, the VC were thedeck for smallboat repair, and cluster of bargesanchored in the driven out. an overhead bridge trolley crane for middle of a well-patrolled river has As the canal becomes more and lifting smallboats from thewater. changed all that. The hull contains fuel, spare engines, more secure and safe for travel, the Designed by the Naval Facilities number of civilian craft using it con- pumps, and repair parts storage. Also EngineeringCommand, the PBR in this hull is a desalinization plant tinuesto increase. Evenbefore the support facility is made up of four canal was declaredformally “open” to convert salt or brackish water to bargeseach of whichprovides a potable water. there was a noticeable increase in its separate support function. traffic. During one six-month period The unusual logistics base is de- ”Big Gun” Title Claimed there were more than 940 60-to-100- signedtoaccommodate numerous ton craft using the canal, as well as PBRs andhas facilities for repair; uss Mansfield (DD728) claims thousands of smallersampans and berthingand messing; and water, the title of “Top Destroyer Gun” for junks. fuel, ammunition, and food storage. the most rounds fired in Vietnam. The Vinh Long-based River As- The barges are each 110 feet long As of late December 1967, the Yoko- sault Groups had the main responsi- and 30 feet wide. The four units suka-based destroyerhad fired 24,685 bility of patrollingthe canal on a are: rounds, and had passed the previous 24-hour basis until it was formally AdministrationUnit - The titleholder, her sister ship, uss De opened. Each RAG would spend 10 barge has a superstructure cqntaining Haven (DD 727). days patrolling the waterwaywhile administration offices,ship’s store, The men of Mansfield are confi- the other was being used to support supply office, communications space, dent of their possession of this title, other Mekong Delta operations. repairshop, armory, command cen- but just to make certain that no other According to one U. S. officer who ter,CPO berthing, and sick bay. It destroyerhas been slighted, chal- is anadvisor to a River Assault has berthing for 23 men. lenge all other ships who feel they Group, “The reopening of the Mang Galleyand Mess-Contains a deserve the title to step forward and Thit-Nicolai canal is probably one of diningspace with galley and asso- be recognized. the most importantoperations ever ciatedequipment, central air-condi- Mansfield, attachedto Destroyer conducted in the Mekong Delta.” tioningplant, berthing for 21 tran- SquadronNine, is commanded by -Tom Tompkins, JO1, USN sients, and power units. Thehull Commander Jack R. Griffin, USN.

APRIL 7968 9

Although the transfer of 22 ship- wrecked sailorsfrom their vessel to the LCM was a victory, three miles of vicious water still separatedthe LCM fromits mother ship. One of the men from the British ship didn’t make it. A large wave hit the LCM, sweep- ing two men over the side. One was rescued by a Navy swimmer with a line attached to him, but the other’s life jacket was ripped off by the churning waves and he disappeared from sight before the rescueboat couldreach him. The survivors and the crew of the LCM were still in grave danger. To keepthemselves afloat, the crew bailed water frantically during their return to Navarro and, despite seri- ousflooding, the craft reached its mother ship. While its sister LCM struggled toward Navarro, the first landing craft, which had secured its ramp with cable, block and tackle, reached the founderingmerchantman and rescued the remaining men aboard. utine Approaching the stricken ship was diEcult, for waves kept spilling over the craft, threatening it with destruc- tion againstthe reef. Nevertheless, acombination of considerable skill and a little luck enabled the LCM to reach home base. Uponreaching Navarro, thesurvivors were given medical treatment andthe fivemost seriously injured were put to bed in Navarro’s sick bay. The remainderwere trans- ferredDutchtoa merchantman which had also received the distress signal. When Navarro was safely away from the reef, her captain visited sick bayto check on the injuredmen. After their experience, the men were near exhaustion but one, despite his injuries, managed a smile and calmly said, “So nice of you chaps to drop by.”

Ships Team Up for Race For Navarro, the rescue of the British merchantman’screw was only the beginning.A short time later, a Navy tank landing ship, uss Clarke County (LST 601) broached in a pounding surf on the SouthViet-

APRIL 1968 after 21 days off North Vietnam, she was notified that a Korean freighter was groundedon a shoal. The vessel had lost power in its engine room and was flooding. One of the27 menon thegrounded ship was injured and all had to be taken off the ship. Choppers from Kearsarge’s Heli- copter Squadron Six were dispatched to find the Korean ship and pick up SOUTH VIETNAMESE cargo junks, dead inthe water off Vietnam coast,re- the crew. Seven hours later, the ves- ceiveassistance from OperationMarket Time DER Wilhoite(DER 397). sel was located andan aircrewman was lowered to help members of the tions broke down and pumping op- lifts of supplies to the stricken ves- crew into the rescue harness. erations were threatened. sel, rounded up equipmentneeded Six of thesurvivors were taken To complicatematters, a scatter- aboard, and fed the damage control aboard the first chopper,including ing of hostile firefrom the nearby parties from the other ships as well the injuredman, while the others hills endangeredrescue operations, as the LST’s crew. awaitedrescue by theother two but a ring of tanks set up to defend Navarro was released soon after SH3Ahelicopters which hovered the shipsquickly returned the fire uss Mars (AFS 1) arrivedon the overhead. and silenced the snipers. scene on 21 November and returned The Koreans weretransported in In midafternoon, uss Ute (ATF tothe operation in whichshe had thebig helicopters to Kearsarge, 76) arrivedon the scene and was beenengaged. ClarkeCounty was where they were given medical ex- joined by uss Bolster ( ARS 38). Both refloated on 30 November. aminations and fed a hot meal. ships played a major role in refloat- Navarro’s effortsonbehalf of When Kearsarge docked at Subic ing the stricken vessel.At various Clarke County, however, did not go Bay, the sailors without a ship were times IredellCounty (LST839), unnoticed. Words of praise and con- sent to the base hospital for observa- WindhamCounty (LST1170) and gratulations came from, among oth- tion while the KoreanEmbassy in Akzmo (LSD33) also participated ers, the Logistics SupportForce Manila made arrangements to return in the salvage efforts. Commander of the U. S. Seventh them to their home. Duringthe early stages of the Fleet-Well done. salvageoperation, Navarro operated “William Johnson, J02, USN as a floating damage control, com- USS Wilhoife (DER 397) munications andsupport center for USS Kearsarge (CVS 33) uss Wilhoite also cameto the aid the repair parties and crewaboard The SouthChina Sea seems a of sailorsin trouble in the South Clarke County. fertile area for rescue missions. WhenChina Sea. While patrolling off the She also controlled the helicopter Kearsarge was en routeto Subic Bay coast of SouthVietnam, Wilhoite

TO THE RESCUE-Navy ships steaming to aid those indistress at sea are not unusual. Ships below have done SO.

USS Wilhoife (DER 397) USS Hirrem (DER 400)

USS Keorsorge (CVS 33) USS Navarro (APA 215)

14 ALL HANDS cameupon two cargo junks whose up the men in the lifeboats. until the whaleboatcame alongside engines had broken down. WhenHissem again located the Sun Jose. Thenthe heavy seas Aboarding party from theDER lifeboats, the men in one of them swampedthe whaleboat before the looked the situation over, but found were already being picked up by a equipmentcould be unloaded. The the motor on one of the junks needed newly arrived ship. whaleboat was lost. a majoroverhaul. Theother motor Hissem’s crew helped the 19 men Although the typhoonwas fast was repaired by Wilhoite mechanics. from the other lifeboat aboard and approaching,Hissem began towing For the Vietnamese in one of the gavethem first aid, hot coffee and Sun Jose out of the stolm’s path but junks, Wilhoite arrived in the nick of dry clothes. the reefer’s jammed ruddermade time, for they were completely with- Whenthe DER returned to Sun towing difficultin the heavy sea. out food and water and one of the Jose, shefound the firewas raging Afterfour hours, the towwas lost. crewmen needed medical attention. out of control in the reefer’s engine Because firewas still raging in After treating the sick Vietnamese room and had spread to the berthing Sun Jose and the weather was rap- and giving the crew of the disabled spaces. idly becoming worse,Hissem’s cap- junk food and water, the boat with The men remaining on board Sun tain and Sun Jose’s skipper decided theWilhoite-repaired motor began Jose badlyneeded firefighting aid to abandon the reefer. towing the other junketeers to home andequipment, which Hissem set The 13 menremaining aboard port. out to supply in her boat. Sun Jose climbeddown the side of A week earlier, Wilhoite had As the boat was launched in the their ship on a rope ladder and onto playedanother role in the rescue heavy seas, however, the davits were a rubber life raft.After an anxious mission field. This time it was with carried away, the engine stalled and fewminutes, the sailors and Sun a Vietnamese coastal freighter which the boat drifted. Jose’s captainwere brought aboard had a badly damaged rudder. Fortunately,the whaleboat was Hissem which headed south fast to brought alongside the DER and the avoid the typhoon’s wrath. Unfortunately, the repairs needed crewclambered to safety. Then a Congratulations were not long in by the freighter were too complex for line was passedto Sun Jose in the arriving for Hissem’s captain and Wilhoite’s facilities, so sheradioed hope that hercrew could success- crew. The salvageattempt andthe thenearby base of QuiNhon re- fully pull the boat and its equipment rescue in the face of a typhoon, the questing a tug which could tow the longside. messages said, were in the highest freighter to safety. The schemeworked beautifully traditions of the sea. USS Hissem (DER 400) Whenthe radar operator in uss Hissem (DER 400) picked up a large, stationary blip in the path of anoncoming typhoon, it seemed probable the blip would prove to be a ship in trouble. Hissem, which had left Guam early in the morningto avoid the typhoon, altered hercourse to in- vestigateand, about 15 milesfrom the blip, was able to establish radio contactwith ss Sun Jose, a reefer about 80 miles from Guam. WhenHissem was still seven miles from Sun Jose, her crew could see the reefer’s lights but they soon A REEFER-Coral Sea copter comes to the aid of Liberian freighter on reef. faded because Sun Jose lost her power. But theship became visible againwhen an ominous column of smoke and flames billowed from amidships and from the stack. BeforeHissem reached San Jose, she found two lifeboats in the water and discovered that 13 men still remained aboard the reefer. Inasmuch as the menin the lifeboats were in no immediatedanger and things looked perilousaboard theburning ship, Hissem pushed on. Uponreaching the reefer, Sun Jose’s skipperinformed Hissem’s captail! thatthe crewremaining ALL SMILES-Flight deck personnel of USS Coral Sea (CVS 43) escort mer- aboard was in no immediate danger chant seamen from helicopter that rescuedthem from groundedship. and urged Hissem to return and pick

APRIL 1968 15 HEN SEVENTH FLEET Search and fact, organized onlyfive years ago the training business for about a year. WRescue teams sought pointers in when two medical men at the Cubi It started its teaching career when land and sea SAX techniques,they Air Station adapted standard rescue one of the Fleet’s SAR helicopter lookedfor and foundan expert on techniques tothe rough Philippine units felt it lacked sufficient back- the subject at Subic Bay,R. P.- jungle terrain. ground.Thanks to Cubi’s para- Cubi Paramedic Rescue Team Num- When the team was organized, its medics, that deficiency hasbeen ber One. rescue role was a secondary duty. remedied. The two doctors, two corpsmen Now, however, itis officially recog- Cubi has developed a course and the aircrew survival equipment- nized, not only as a practicing rescue which includes a strenuous physical man who make upthe team don’t team, but as a teacher of SAR men conditioning program, instruction in consider themselves a venerable throughout the Seventh Fleet. frequently encountered land and sea Navy institution. The group was, in TeamNumber One has been in rescue problems, first-aid techniques, andindoctrination in the use and care of rescueequipment. In less than a week, the team is able to give a potentialparamedic athorough understanding of the essentials. In the finahtageof the course, the student is required to rescue a pilot whohas injured himselfin acrash in rough country. The injury is simu- lated; the roughness is not. The student,borrowing a technique more familiar to mountainclimbers than aviators, rappels from the helicopter, administers first aid, hooks the man up and gets him out. Meanwhile, he has learned how to handle some of the aviation gear he will come in contactwith, has become familiar with the problems to water rescue, has cut rescue time to 26 seconds in day, 39 seconds at night. “When a man graduates from this school,” says Dr. FrederickBuehl, the current team commander,“He’s a real rescueman. We’ve simply given himsome techniques,some confi- dence, and a little knowledge of his tools. The rest he does by himself.”

Clockwise from Upper Left: (1) Realistic in everydetail except for hostile gunfire, a hover, quick jump and quick pickup pilot recovery exercise is carried out by a paramedic class at Subic Bay in the Philippines. The pickuphas been practiced to such a degree that it can be effected inas little as 26 seconds. (2) Para- medic practices clearingdowned pilot from his parachute. (3) Quick- timepickup is watched from Cubi crashboat standing by to pick up men after the exercise. (4) Follow- ing a helo pickupexercise, paramedic class member is hauledout of the water by Cubi crash boat crew. (5) Hospital Corpsman Eugene W. Bliss, USN, is one of the pioneerdevel- opers of theparamedic rescue method. (6) Instructor shows paramedic class members how pneumatic splints protect injured pilots. -Text by Tim Leigh, J03 Photos by Ken Dalecki, SN Dutyin the Antarcticis an experience thatmany Navymen have thought about but relatively few have actuallyundergone. What is thisduty like? Why are Navymen serving at this location at the bottom of the world? To get a better understanding of the Navyman in the Antarctic, let’s take a look at Air Development Squad- ron Six. This squadronis an excellent source to turn to.Its members, rotating of course,have 12 years of experience onthe job at and around the SouthPole. Here’s their story. The basic article, coming directly from the ice continent, was written by Chief Journalist Jim Partee, USN. Some of the statistical and background material is from the U. S. Naval Support Force brochure, “Introduction to Antarctica.” The excellentphotos are the work of Charles Durel, PH2, USN,and Don Weuon, PH3, USN.

AIRDEVELOPMENT SQUADRON Six (VX-6) is the U. S. Navy’s only aerial supportsquadron in the Ant- arctic. It consists of about 450 officers and enlisted men, REPORT FROM VX-6 with detachments at Quonset Point, R. I., Christchurch, New Zealand,and “on the ice” (as the Navymen call Antarctica). VX-6 has been going back and forth to the Antarctic for 12 years. Last year’s OperationDeep Freeze saw thesquadron, knownas the Antarctic Airline, making 578 flights, totaling 7537.7hours of flight time, and carrying 10 million pounds of cargo and 1106 passengers. The mission of VX-6 includes aerial reconnaissance of the snow and ice for scientific land traverse parties, photo-mapping sections of thehuge continent, trans- porting fuel, cargo and passengers within and to Ant- arctica, resupplying of inland stations and placing of scientific parties in the field, and providing search and rescue capabilities. The squadron was commissioned on 17 Jan 1955 at the Naval Air Station, Patuxent River, Md. Its job was toconduct aerial operations in conjunctionwith the U. S. government’s participation in theInternational Geophysical Yearin the Antarctic. Exploration and photo-mappingwere the main missions assigned, but knowledge of aircraft maintenanceand special techniques for large scale flight operations in the Antarctic environment were also needed. Whenthe Navy requestedmen to volunteer for Antarcticoperations, the Bureau of NavalPersonnel wasflooded withrequests to joinVX-6. As a result, only one man out of every 16 could be selected. After an intensive training program in cold weather working conditions, survival andthe mission of the squadron,the firstofficers and enlisted men of VX-6 were ready for the ice and anxious to get there.

HY DO MEN go to the Antarctic? Why do they face wthe cold, the blizzards, the long winter months of darkness and separation from their families and friends?

ALL HANDS BLAST-OFF-Ski-equipped Hercules of Air Development SquadronSix fires JATO duringtakeoff from ice runway. Twelve Years on Ice Each of the many who havebeen there could answer name personnel-to the Antarctic. Andit helps to these questionsonly in his ownway. In the earlydays, carry out scientific missions onthe scene. menwent there for their living-to huntthe whales Forthe Navymen whovolunteer for Antarctic duty and seals whichabound in the waters of Antarctica. (and thereare always volunteers),there are a number Their first and foremostmotive, however, wouldhave of reasons. In a world of narrowing horizons, the Ant- to be the challenge of the unknown.From the primi- arcticrepresents one of thefew frontiers left to us. tive explorationsof centuriesago tothe sophisticated Navymen have always been in the forefrontwhen it studies of today, manhas gone to Antarcticato search; comes to exploring the corners of the earth-and of to explore the unknown.space itself.the To Navyman,Antarctic offersduty What do the scientists of the U. S. Antarctic Research adventure, excitement, the tests of endurance and the Program wantto learn from the Antarctic?Knowledge challenge of theunknown. of theweather is one thing. It is believed that Ant- arcticweather influences the weathereverywhere else DEEP FREEZE I, back in theearly days,consisted in the world. Windpatterns formed on the continent mostly of photo-mapping sectionsof thecontinent have had theireffects thousands ofmiles away.phys- and buildingLittle America V and Byrd Stations. This icists study the Antarcticcontinent which provides a meantPlenty ofwork for vx-6. Whenthe newly corn- platformfor the study of the earth'smagnetic field, missioned squadronreturned from its initial deploy- cosmic rays, andthe Aurora Australis, the southern hemisphere's equivalentto the NorthernLights. ON THE SPOT-Crewmembers of VX-6 build temporary Another subject that intereststhe scientists is the shelterwhile waiting repairs during 1962 DeepFreeze. What isAntarctica-land or water?How big is While much of the continent is bounded by ice it? Howhigh is it above sealevel? Theseare just cliffs, in other areas steep mountain slopes are found a few of the questions ’ that have been asked, and and occasionally there are beaches and gentle slopes partially answered, by explorers and scientists since which lead inland to the icy plateau. the continent was first discovered in the 1800s. In a few places there are low and level areas free Antarctica is thecontinent which surrounds the from ice. Areas of this type, called oases, are found South Pole. It is a high, ice-covered land nearly scattered along the coasts. Ice-free areasfound in- twice the size of the United States and is surrounded landare called “dry valleys.” Herethe ice has on all sides by oceans. receded and only an occasional “alpine” glacier re- This South Polar region is very different from the mains. Scattered glacial debris and glacial morains Arctic or the North Polar region. In contrast to the usually cover the valley floor. South Pole, the North Pole is an ocean area almost There are two species of flowering plants in Ant- completely surrounded by continents. arctica: one a grassflower andthe other a pink It is believed that about 95 per cent of the world’s growth. These are found on the Antarctic Peninsula, ice is in Antarctica. About 4.5 per cent of the almost the section of the continent reaching toward South five and one-halfmillion square miles of the con- America. Moss, lichens and fresh water algae are tinent is ice-free. found in many of the ice-free areas. One rocky area Theicecap which covers the Antarctic is very within 300 miles of the South Pole yielded moss to thick. At one point, scientists have foundit tobe the exploring scientists. over 14,000 feet to the surface of the bedrock below. Thereare noanimals otherthan a few insects The average thickness is about 7000 feet. The aver- which can live on the continent. Forty-four species, age elevation of the continent, one of the loftiest in the largest of which is a wingless mosquito, have the world, is about 7500 feet. If the ice located there been foundamong the moss and lichen. This is in should all melt,it is estimated thatthe oceans of strong contrast to the Arctic where there is abundant the world would rise more than 200 feet. plant and animal life. Ice is plastic; it flows. Thegreat weight of the Life in the sea about Antarctica is another matter. polar plateau forces the icerelentlessly toward the Great amounts of mineral food are found in the polar sea. In some places it rushes through the mountain waters and microscopic plants thrive upon it. These valleysas great rivers of ice, calledglaciers. plants, in turn, are consumed by larger forms of life. From glaciers and ice shelves, great pieces break At the end of this chain are the whales, the largest off and float northward to melt away into the sea. of which is the blue whale. A full grown adult may These are the majestic icebergs. There are two types be over 90 feet long and weigh as much as 150 tons, found in the southern oceans, the rough irregular ice- larger than any other animal known to have lived bergs of glacial origin, looking like floating cathedrals now or in the past, including prehistoric dinosaurs. or ancient castles, and the flat-topped or tabular ice- The Antarctic is a land of great size, almost devoid bergs, the product of the iceshelves. Theselatter of life, but with much life in the sea around it. As bergs are found primarily in the Antarctic. Taldar mentioned above, it is high in natural resources, and icebergs of more than 100 square miles in area have if this environment could somehow be harnessed, it heen sighted. could do much to enrich man’s inhabited world.

20 ALL HANDS PLANE WORK-Flightengineer R. W. Capling, ADJ2, makes logentry. RT: LT Steve Riley shoots sun with sextant. ment, a change in home port orders was received and byChief Photographer’sMate John Reimer. (The VX-6 moved to Quonset Point, R. I., in June of 1956. laboratory’s motto: “Have camera, will travel.”) Quonset has been home port since that time. While“traveling” during a one-monthperiod, the Before their next deploymentfrom Quonset Point, photographers shot 2010 color transparencies, 350 black squadronmembers underwent intensive trainingand andwhite photographs and more than 11,000feet of indoctrination. motion picture film, while flying some 1126 flight hours. That kind of indoctrination has been going on ever This year’s Operation DeepFreeze has programed since, withthe lessons of eachyear added to the ac- 280,000 square miles of Antarctica to be photo-mapped. cumulation of knowledge. VX-6is now considereda Each of the two aircraft outfitted for this task bas three veteran and an expert. cameras. One is mounted vertically and the other two The squadron today has four ski-equipped Hercules are at an angle on each side of the aircraft, shooting a aircraft, twoC-121 Super Constellations, oneC-47 series of photographsstretching from horizon to Dakota and five LH-34D Seahorse helicopters. horizon. Becauseof its varied missions, thesquadron must More than 9000 flight-line miles will be flown before maintain and operate several different types of aircraft. this assignment is completed. Meanwhile, routine pho- The Hercules is used to carry heavy cargo, the Super tographicassignments must be covered, such as con- Connie carries cargo and passengers, while the Seahorse struction projects, command activities and VIP arrivals, helicopter carries scientists on short hauls within a 100- and ice breakout on the Ross Ice Shelf. mile radius of McMurdo. In order to get their job done, special care must be The men in VX-6 play a personal part in the scien- takenwith the cameraequipment. Before bringing tific effort to uncover more information about the vast them to the cold interior of Antarctica, the cameras are white continent at the bottom of the world. Their polar completelydisassembled and lubricated with graphite flying talent, combined with the research capabilities of so they will work in the severe cold. Once “on the ice,” U. S. scientists, has brought to the surface many of the the cameras are kept in an intermediate room where the secrets hidden there. temperature is between the extremely low temperatures outside and the warm, comfortable temperatures inside ONEOF THE PRIMARY missions ofAir Development the PhotoCenter. This is to acclimatize the cameras Squadron SIX (VX-6), as mentionedabove, is to after use to preventcondensation on the lenses. Film photo-map portions of the continent in the interest of also must be kept warm. The bitter cold often crumbles science. film as though it were a potato chip. Such are some of The actual size andshape of the “whitecontinent” the problems of photography in Antarctica. is not completelyknown. With photo-maps, geo- graphical data canbe forwarded to the U. S. Geo- AERIALNAVIGATORS andpolar pilots of VX-6, prob- graphical Survey section of the Department of Interior ably more than anywhere elsein the world, need for map making. to combine their talents to get the job done while flying Toaccomplish this tasksome 20men are assigned with Operation Deep Freeze. to the VX-6 photo lab. Antarctica, with its glaciers and endless white plains DuringtheOperation Deep Freeze period of of blowing snow, poses one of the worst dilemmas for 1966-67, a Hercules equipped with a tri-metrigon cam- a pilot-not knowing where he is. He must depend, to era and a Super Connie obtained mapping-quality pho- a greaterdegree than ever, on the know-how and tographs of some 335,000 square miles-almost double ability of the navigator to get him to his destination. the record 1964-65 coverage. The polar navigator’s tools are a set of charts, a sex- The Photo Division is headedby Lieutenant Steve tant, good visibility, andthe almost ever-presentsun Riley, a former enlisted photographer,who is assisted (the Antarctic in summer is the land of midnight sun,

APRIL 1968 21 BIRDMEN-Aircrewman R. Tippett, AMH2, readies for heloflight. Rt: LCDR M. Lusk keepseye on instruments.

andat the South Poleitself thesun does not set for compasses are uselessin the Antarctic, owingto the six months). close proximity of the south magnetic pole. Therefore, Withthe aid of aperiscopic sextant, the navigator gyro compasses are used to keep the pilot on a given takessun sightings. The sightings, whenworked out courseheading. The precession, or error rate, of this mathematically and plotted on a chart, will give a line type compass cannot be allowed to exceed one and oneof bearing. This, however, is not an absolute fixed posi- half degrees per hour. tion, but simply tells the navigator that he is somewhere The navigator, using his periscopic sextant, can deter- on that line. mine his true heading by taking a sight on thesun. Ordinarily the navigator then would “shoot” another He resets his compass if necessary.This “deviation celestial body, and where the lines cross would be his check”must be made once every 30 minutes, or any position. However, with broad daylight 24 hours a day, time the heading of the aircraft is changed more than the sun is the only celestial body available in Antarctica. 45 degrees. The VX-8 navigators take sightings on the sun every The pilot has some special problems of his own. One 30minutes, and by carefully plottingthese lines of of the most feared is the “white-out”landing. This is bearing, and using them in conjunction with radar, may caused by the milky white glare created by the reflec- fix their positions in the Antarctic quite accurately. tion of the sun off the snow and ice crystals in the air Pilots in other parts of the world use magnetic com- which tend to eliminate shadows and alter depth per- passes to aid in steering their aircraft, but magnetic ception. The pilot now has to rely on his instruments Flying Over the Ice The first flight over the Antarcticcontinent was routes to all American stations on the continent. made on 28 Nov 1928 bySir Hubert Wilkins, a These aircraft carryeverything anyone needs any- British explorer. The pilot of the aircraft, an Amer- where on the continent. Besides operating as a ican, was Carl Eielson who had previous experience cargoplane, the Hercules teams upwith a Super on the opposite side of the world-in the Arctic. Constellation to photo-map sections of the Antarctic. The navigator of the first aircraft to fly over the Other aircraft used today in scientific exploration SouthPole (on29 Nov 1929) was RearAdmiral are the LH-34D Seahorse helicopters. Richard E. Byrd. During the Deep Freeze ’67 season, the Air Force, A C-47 Dakota was the first plane to land at the for the first time, landed a giant C-141 jet Starlifter South Pole. on the frozen Ross Ice Shelf. Since that time the aircraft used for exploration Although man must do the actual exploration, air- in the Antarctic have increased in size and efficiency. craft of all types help him, and will continue to help, Today, the huge, ski-equipped Hercules of VX-8 fly as long as scientists have work to do in Antarctica.

TIME FLIES-Over 20 years havepassed between photos of R4D taking off andHercules landing in Antarctica.

22 ALL HANDS and aid from ground radar. It is difficult and demands all the skill and patience of the pilot in control. As VX-6 carries out its mission of aerial reconnaissance for scientific traverse parties and photo-mapping the continent, it also carries out a collateral duty, that of performingsearch and rescue operations. This has earnedthe squadron’s pilots the title, “Angels of the Antarctic.”

IFE IN THE SMALL polar communities and on the snow trail has improved since the days of Roald Amund- sen and Robert F. Scott. It is still rugged by ordinary McMURDO MEN enjoytheir meal in station’s galley. standards, but the men of Operation Deep Freeze claim onecan livein reasonablecomfort in the regions of body heat and serves as insulation. Another important the South Pole. feature of Antarctic clothing is that the outer layers are There are plenty of problems, of course. Everything windproof. needed to systain life in the Antarctic must be imported. With present day clothing and equipment, men can When or if food runs out, the nearest grocery store to live in the Antarctic quite comfortably and work on the replenish the stock is approximately 2000 miles away. trail at very low temperatures. When a machine breaks down, it must be repaired on The Antarctic, however,remains a dangerous and the spot with whatever is available. unpredictable land. Men, if theyare going to survive Strange asit may seem, perhaps the greatest single there, may never relax their guard. A moment of care- dangerto an Antarctic station isfire. Inthe wind, it lessness can easily result in the loss of life. takes only minutesto destroy an entire installation. Precautionsare taken, and vital supplies are stored where they will not catch fire if a building burns. At Cold, Colder, Coldest manybases there is arefuge hut some distancefrom Everybody knows one thingabout Antarctic the main living quarters. This hut is stocked with food weather-it’scold! In fact, Antarctica has the cold- and other necessities. est climate of theworld. On the average, it is 30 Because it is frequently dangerous and difficult to go degrees colder than the Arctic. The lowest tempera- outside, the men stake out a trail in the snow between ture everrecorded was a shivering128 degrees their different buildings. Theycan then walk safely below zero. (Yet, as noted in theattached story, from oneplace to another without getting lostin the Navymen working outside have been known to re- darkperiod of the short nightor during a hazardous move their shirts, and riskedgetting a badsun- “white-out.” Along these marked trails, and sometimes burn! ) in tunnels, the men store food and other supplies where Duringthe Antarctic summer (being on the op- they can get to them, no matter how bad the weather. posite side of the world, it extends from December Thedry cold of Antarcticacan often be used for throughMarch), the temperatures along the coast man’s benefit. Foodplaced in tunnelskeeps indefi- often rise abovefreezing (32” F.).On the inland nitely in this natural freezer. Food spoilage and struc- plateau, they rarely go above zero. In the darkness tural corrosion are minimal in the dry-cold environment of theAntarctic winter, temperatures drop rapidly of this continent. and remain far below the freezing mark. Precipitation in the Antarctic is verylight. The VER THE YEARS, much has been learned to make liv- great Antarctic blizzards, about which everyone has ’ing here easier. heard, consistmostly of blowing snow. Theactual Today,instead of using wood andtar paper, the amount of snowfall is comparable, in water content, men of Operation Deep Freeze use specially prepared to the rainfall in the Mojave Desert. panels for the sides and roofs of their buildings. Outer Another important feature of Antarctica’s weather layers of plywoodand inner layers of aluminum or is thewind around the continent. Though some- comparable light material, witha dead-air space be- times agentle flow off the polarplateau, it often tween, create an excellent insulation from the cold. The roars across the continent at speeds in excess of 100 panels come in standard sizes that fit together tightly. miles anhour. Such gale force winds prevent all They can be erected quickly into buildings of all types. land and air operations asall personnel are forced Whencompleted, these buildings are almost air-tight indoors to wait out the blow. and very easy to heat. These Antarctic winds meet the prevailing easter- You may wonderwhat type of clothing men wear lies of the southernhemisphere, resulting in a tur- outdoors in the Antarctic. Isit very heavy, forex- moil that makes the seas aboutAntarctica among ample? Actually, on a still day when the sun is shining, the roughest in the world.Approaching the con-. menworking outside may becomequite warm. Fre- tinent canbe an exhausting experience, even in a quently,they strip down to their shirtsleeves. Hardy modern ship. souls have been known to take off their shirts and risk Thus,the Antarctic weather is a combination of being badly sunburned. cold air, high winds and blowing snow. These three Ordinarily,Antarctic explorers dress warmly. The elements provide a pattern unlike any other in the principle of cold weather clothing is not so much the world. It is a climate most treacherousand forbid- bulk of the individual pieces, as it is the number of ding to man. layers. Between each layer is an air pocket which traps

APRIL 1968 23 per shop and also repair or replace sections of corroded and deteriorated piping of all kinds: Wooden boats are repaired in the carpentry shop which also produces furniture to conform to the ship in- teriors. The hulls of steel ships and boats are repaired in the hull and welding shop which has an 80-ton press capable of forming steel plates 'four inches thick, while in themacKne shop, which has more than 80 major machine tools, spare parts are made

where sizeable jobs are doqe is the ordnanceshop which repairs ship- boardguns from 30-cal. machine gunsto 3-inch cannons. Binoculars, sextants andother navigational equipment are repaired in the optical shopand workmen tailor canvascovers to protect ex- poseddeck guns and equipment in the rigging and canvas shop. In additionto the variousshops, the shipyard has a large graving dock which can accommodate a ship up to 520 feet in lengthand 63 feetin beam. A smallergraving dock serves ships up to 119 feet in length and 26 feet in beam. The shipyard also has a 30-ton floating crane, a 15-tonrailway crane,four small 12-tonmobile cranes, four marine railways and var- ioussizes of hoisting facilities in most shops.

FUTUREPLANS forthe shipyard include a chemical laboratory where products of combustionand corrosion can be analyzed and a lab where metallurgists can identify metals and test them for tensile strength, corrosion resistance, hardness, ductility and other properties. With such capability, it is easy to see why the shipyard solidlyis Ilookedfor monthsahead. When a ship is overhauledonce every two years, it is stripped of its main pro-

APRIL 1968

working During their training, the erstwhilecar- penters are taught weldingtech- niques and the use of electric arc and I oxygen-acetyleneequipment. Although much of the recent im- I provementin the shipyardhas been confinedto the shops, Vietnamese I officials have, in the past 11 years of United States assistance, introduced I closer management controls, more efficient shop practices and more accurate accounting procedures as well as substantially improving the pro- I ductivity of the labor force. I Nowadays, the shipyardnot only but also uta junks for coastal surveillance work. These

junks were introduced in Vietnam by areused to completeone junk every seven weeks. a former Japanese employee and are I equipped with U. S.-manufactured 130-hp diesel engines and have a top I speed of more than eight knots. Each Yahuta is armed with 30-cal. I and 50-cal. machine guns and has a seven-mancrew. The junks are capable of extended patrols in search of would-be Viet Cong infiltrators in coastal waters. A junk usuallycan bebuilt in seven weeks but, in the past, as many as three Yabutas havebeen com- I pletedat the Saigon shipyard in a single week under a full production schedule. 1 -Byron S. Whitehead, Jr., JO1, USN

A Vietnameseshipyard employee uses French drill 30 to 50 yearsold. Rt: Welder trained by on-the-job program.Below: Sa0 log istrimmed into beam.

Youngcarpenter narrows a Sao log which willlater be intricately carved before being I used as beam in junk. the air’s round trip through the ORA, two important things happento it. First, the carbon dioxideis removed from the exhaled breath; then oxygen is chemi- cally generated,and added to the air which is to be inhaled. Unlike a gas mask, which continually brings in outside air and filters outdangerous particles, the OBA keeps circulating the same airover and over again. Thefact that outside air is inhaledthrough the gas mask’s filternullifies its use in firefighting. The air in the vicinity of a fire is rather short on oxygen. A gas mask does not generate oxygen. An OBA does. The OBA’s essential components are an airtight face-

Notemetallic-foil seal in neck of canister.

APRIL 7 968 you were opening a can of your favorite beverage. In using a quick-starting canister, you remove the rectangular cover on the bottom of the canister and let it dangle from thelanyard. The swinging bail which holds the canister in place has a handwheel. Loosen it, andswing the bail outward. Now you can insert the canister into the canister guard. There is a “canister stop” near the top of the canister guard to keep the canister from going all the way up and puncturing the seal prematurely. When the canister hits the stop, swing the bail back in placeunder the canister andturn the handwheel enough to hold the canister in. To activate the canister, push the canister stop in as far as it will go, thenturn the handwheel until the canister trayels up and seats against the main valve. When you have putthe facemaskon andadjusted thestraps to fityour head, you areready to get the chemical reaction started in the canister. The quick-starting canister is easy to get started, as its name implies. Pull the lanyard on the bottom of the canister with a steady pull away from the body. This removes the cotter pin from the candle and fires it off. Starting the candle may be accompanied by a slight amount of harmless smoke. The breathing bag will immediately fill with oxygen and you may proceed with your work. While the candle is providing oxygen to the breathingbag, it mightget too ambitious and overfill your bag. In this case, vent the bag by depressing the startervalve (on the cross tube just below the face- piece) and letting some of the oxygen seep out. The length of time your canister will last will vary accordingto the amount of workyou aredoing. So that you can tell how much time is left in the chemicals in your canister, a timing device is provided as a part of theapparatus. The dial, calibrated in minutes, is normally set as soon as the canister has been activated.

Pulllanyard, starting the oxygen cycle.

APRlL 1968

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR (Conf.)

operated out of Trinidad, B. W. I., along analuminum ore route. Later she traueled in convoybetween Trini- dadand Norfolk before becoming a regular unit of a PC task force. In mid- summer 1943, shebecame flagship of ChaserGroup 21.8, remaining inthis capacity until January 1944. Her group coveredthe area north of the Azores and as far southas the latitude of Dakar, Senegal, then apart of French West Africa. Duringone five-dayperiod in No- vember 1943, Big Horn’s group was in the midst of a pack of 10 to 15 German submarines. The tanker’s commanding officer reported thatnine contacts, sightings or attacks on the U-Boats were madeiust within her immediate vicinity. He believedthat the German raiders were wary of attacking an inde- pendenttanker and because of the presence of Big Horn many other inde- pendentmerchant ships in the area escaped attack. ALL IN A DAY’S WORK-Members of a Navy Underwater Demolition Team When BigHorn completedher last attach explosive charges to a beach obstacle during amphibious operations. chaser cruise shewas assigned to the U. S. CoastGuard and placed on weather patrol duty in theNorth At- a BuPers Notice. It is reasonable to earlysuccesses, sinking 11 German U- lantic. Early in February 1945, her assume thatthe notice willcover the Boats. But once the element of surprise designation waschanged from A0 45 situation in whichyou now findyour- waslost, so wastheir effectiveness. to IX 207 (miscellaneous) and she was self.“ED. Three Q-ships were lost in one week in assigned to the Western Pacific where, August 1917, andtheir type was then after the war’s end, sheoperated in Big Horn Was 0-Ship discontinued. Japanese waters as a tank supply vessel. In World War 11 uss Big Horn was On 22 Nov 1946, BigHorn was SIR: A shipmate,who once served one of several merchantships tobe stricken fromthe Navy’s roster and aboard uss BigHorn ( IX 207), for- commissioned as a Q-ship by the Navy transferred to the Maritime Commission merly A0 45 duringWorld War 11, in the early part of the conflict. at Beaumont, Tex.-h. claims this ship and other so-called “Q- Amongthe others was uss Atik (an ships”(disguised merchantmen) were AK), sunk by a U-boat three days out of aneffective submarine weapon of the Norfolk while on her shakedown cruise Origin of Aigoillettes U. S. Fleet. in March 1942. Anotherwas uss I disagree. It seemsto me I read Asterion, now a member of MSTS with SIR: As aFlag Lieutenant, I have somewhere that this type ship proved to hull number T-AF 63. She served as a been told many stories by various senior be of little value to the U. S. antisub- Q-shipbetween March 1942 andOc- officers concerning the origin and early function of the aiguillettes worn by an marineeffort; however, our allies had tober 1943, afterwhich she was as- somesuccess with them. Would you signed weather patrol duty in the admiral’s aide. please enlighten us with a brief history Atlantic. Formerly the ss Evelyn, To set the record straight, could you on Big Horn andperhaps her sister Asterion was a sister ship of Atik. Both tellme how thepractice of wearing ships?-K. D. H., ENC, USN. were cargo ships operated by a steam- decorativecords around the shoulder Perhaps some other word than “ef- ship company out of New York City be- originated?Were there ever pens tied fective” mightbe better. According to fore the war. tothe ends, asmany people claim?- one reliable source onthe history of Like most Q-ships, Big Horn was also A. E. T., LT, USNR. U.S. naval operations in World War11, formerly a merchanttanker, ss Gulf If there were, the occasion was no U. S. Q-shipswere credited with Dawn. Andlike her sister ships,she probably a costume party. sinking anyenemy submarine. How- was equipped with depthcharge launch- The word aiguillette means a small ever, British Q-shipswere credited in ers as an answer to the Nazi strategy of needle, and is the tag which covers the WorldWar I with a number of sub- concentratingtheir attacks on tankers. ends of cord, such as those of a shoe- marines destroyed. Shecompleted her shakedown in late string. By extension, theterm also re- Q-ship crews of World War 11 were August 1942 and sawher first action fers to any ornamental studs, cords, or noted for patrolling in hazardous waters, inMay the following year. pins. but theirvalue as anantisubmarine Underthe command of Commander In his book Uniformsof the Sea weapon has apparently been somewhat J. A. Gainard, BigHorn joined forces Services, Colonel Robert H. Rankin in- nverrated. with apack ofPC boats-submarine forms us that the aiguillette was never Whilethe presence of Q-ships in- chasers-and attackedtwo undersea a cord andpencil (or pen)worn by dubitably served as a deterrent,there contactswith depth charges forfour generals andstaff officers for writing is noquantitative measure of their hours. Later that day an oil patch was dispatches. value. Their use has been cited by one visibleover a wide area of theattack Norwas it arope carried over an noted historian as “. . . one of the least zoneand it waspresumed, but never aide’s shoulder to hobble the general‘s successful of all methodsadopted to confirmed, that one submarine had been horse. fight submarines.” destroyed and that another had moved Nor was it a hangman’s noose. The British Q-ships of World War I, out of the area. It was, COL Rankin says,a term as already mentioned,did score some Early in her Navy career, BigHorn originallyreferring tothe lacingused

34 ALL HANDS to fasten plate armor together-particu- Fenians in Canada retreated under Brit- When IX 64 was decommissioned in lady the lacing supporting the arm de- ish attack across the Niagara River to 1945, she was sold for scrap.-% fenses. A knot or loop arrangement was theUnited States where Michigan’s used,which sometimes hung down captain took theminto custody. Property Pass fromthe shoulder. It is evidentthat On 17 Jun 1905, Michigan’s name for suchuse, pointed tabswould be was changed to Wolverine so the name SIR: I’veobserved that use of the placed onthe ends of the lacing to Michigan could be assigned to the bat- propertypass (S and A form 155) facilitate threading and to hold the knot. tleship under construction. varies with commands. My ship has no Hence, the term aiguillette. Under the name Wolverine, the ship clear reference with regard to how and Aiguilletteswere added to the uni- was placed in reserve on 7 Jun 1911 when to use the form.Specifically, form of the U.S. Navy in 1907 to be and, on 6 May1912, was decommis- whichitems of propertyneed passes? worn by navalaides tothe President sioned andturned over tothe Penn- Under what circumstances should use of and the Secretary ofthe Navy. Their sylvania Naval Militia atErie. the property pass be enforced?-D. E. designwas undoubtedly copied from During World War I, Wolverine was G., CDR, USN. those already worn by oficers of other again active as a training ship for Navy o The use of theproperty pass is countries.-ED. recruits at Great Lakes.After the war discretional withthe commanding OB- and until 1924, she was sailed by Navy cer of theactivity, so we suggest you trainees on cruises in the Great Lakes. ask your commanding oficer, or, if YOU Michigan Becomes First Wolverine On12 Mar 1927, Wolverine was happen to he a commanding oficer, de- SIR: I have been looking in vain for .stricken from the Navy list and loaned cidefor yourself when and howthe additional information on uss Michigan to the tit!! of Erie to be kept as a relic. property pass is tobe used at your which,understand,I was the Navy’s Herbow has been preserved and,for command. firstironclad ship. unything weknow to the contrary, is Specifically, the Supply Manual states As I getthe story, she was built at still there. in article 25133 that “use of the prop- Erie,Pa., in 1843, and couldstill be Therewas also another Wolverine erty pass (S andA form 155) . . . will seenin Erie’s harbor as late asthe which may have confused your research be at the discretion of the commanding 1930s. on the first ironclad. Shewas the IX oficer.” I have also heard that she was sunk 64 and she sailed Lake Michigan. Far If youwant some guidance by ex- in 1956. If this is true, can you tell me from being the type of ship implied by ample, you might note that many Navy how and whereshe was sunk? What the term “ironclad,” shewas originally Departmentofices Washington, in ss D.C., require use of a similar pass happened to her?-L. G. H., BTC, USN. Seeandbee, a luxury coal-burning According to our good friends in steamer builtin 1912. whenevergovernment property is re- the Division of Naval History Michigan She did,however, hold thedistinc- moved from a building. The pass must was, indeed, the first iron warship built tion of beingthe only paddle wheel, be signed by the security o$cer of the for the U. S. Navy.The other details steam-driven, coal burning, aircraft car- activityconcerned. youcite are, we regret to say, only rier in the U. S. Navy and perhaps the Similar procedures are followed by approximate. world. She might be considered unique. other government activities and at many Her construction was approued on Commissioned in 1942, she provided commands, often depending on the type 9 Sep 1841 and she was placed in com- operationalflight training forstudent of material auailable. mission on 29 Sep1844. She wasn’t pilots fromGlenview, Ill., one of sev- Again,however, it’s leftto COS to sunk in 1956,unless the city of Erie eral training stations for naval aviators. decide on the property pass regulations towhich she was loaned in 1927,de- The story of this Wolverine is told in best suitedfor theirindividual com- cided to deep-sixher at that time. the April 1960 issue of ALL HANDS. mands.“ED. Aslight technicality is involved in her origin. The actual construction was SOMETHING NEW-Artist’s conception shows Charleston (AKA 113), the first begun at Pittsburgh,where her plates, frames and many other iron parts were of a new class of attack cargo ships. The new design will provide maxi- made,then transported tothe port of mumcombat vehicle and cargo lift capabilityas well as greater speed. Erie, Pa., for assembly.She was ac- tuallylaunched at Erie. Michigan cruised the Great Lakes duringthe ice-free months, wintering ouer at Detroit, Erie or Buflalo. During the Civil War, Michigan protected the lake borders from attempted raids and curbedthe smuggling of arms by Confederate agents from Can- ada tothe United States. In 1866, sheparticipated in a brief actionwhich helped preserve theneu- tralitybetween the United States and Canada. Atthat time, she was called upon to check the movement of a self- appointed and unoficial group in the United States, known as Fenians, whose purposewas toinvade and capture Canada. Agroup of morethan a thousand Fenians didsucceed in crossing the Niagara River at Buflalo, but Michigan and two tugs operating as picket boats intervened,preventing reinforcements from joining the main force in Canada. Cut ofl fromtheir reserves, the

APRIL 1968 35 LETTERS TO THE €DITOR Kont.) Rainbow No Ephemera Her final active commissionedserv- SIR: My father was in the Navy from ice commenced on 9 Mar 1918 and ex- 1920 to 1924, during whichtime he tendedto 11 Jul1925. During World servedin uss Rainbow, a submarine War I, sheoperated as a convoyship, tender,that operated primarily out of transportand mothership for subma- SubicBay and Cavite, Philippine Is- rines inthe area of her initial stomp- lands. ing grounds-the Philippines. I recall his stating that this ship was By1928, Rainbow had returnedto a derelict before being placed in com- theU. S. where shewas decommis- mission by the Navy. Is this so?- sioned for the last time at the Philadel- G. L. J., SKCM, USN. phia Navy Yard and stricken from the Rainbow was born outside the na- Navy register on 26 June.On 13 Sep val province, it’s true,but if shewere 1928 the 38-year-old ship was sold for here today,she would certainly take sC~(1~7.“ED. offense to beingreferred to as a derelict. Actually,she was constructedat Boat Pennant Sunderland,England, in 1890, as the SIR: Here’s one our boatswain’s mates couldn’tagree on and stillaren’t sure aboutafter reading much literature on the subject. Is it correct to fly a com- missioningpennant from a Navy boat foran officer of another branch of the Rainbow dis&aced 4360tons, her military who has a command but is not length stretched 351 feet, 10 inches, her Periodicully,she served as flagship of flag rank?-C. D. W., LTJG,USN. beam read 41 feet wide, and she drew for Commander, Philippine Squadron, 17 feet,two inches of water.Her top Asiatic Fleet,under whose orders she e No,it is not correct. NavyRegu- speedregistered 12knots, her arma- suiled, and conducted exercises. lations (Article 2162) states that “Flags ment consisted of six 6-pounders and A highlight of her career came in the or pennants of officersnot eligible for six I-pounders, and her crew numbered late fall of 1907 when she carried then command at sea shall not be displayed 299.From all appearances, shemust Secretary of War William Howard Taft from ships of the United States Navy.” have reflecteda splendid image in her (who a year later became the 27th U. S. Since ogcers of theother military time. President) on a gooclwill tour to Vladi- services are notconsidered by Navy Commissionedon 2 Dee1901, the vostok, Siberia (USSR). standards tobe eligible forcommand sub tender received her first assignment After I2 years with the Asiatic Fleet, at sea, no flag or pennantwould be with the Asiatic Fleet which she joined Rainbow leftLingayen Gulf on 18 Jul flown from a naval ship or craft to in- on 3 Apr1902 after travelingvia Gi- 1914 andset course forHawaii. Fol- dicate the presence on board of such an braltar and theSuez Canal. lowing a brief stay there she proceeded officer. Sheremained formany years in to San Francisco where she arrived on Navy Regs states in Article 2179 that Philippine and Chinese waters, showing 24November and subsequentlywas staffs forthe National Ensign shall be theAmerican flag andprotecting the placed out of commissionon 23 De- fittedat the peak with a flagstaffin- United States’ interests against thepe- cember at Mare Island. signia appropriate forthe rank ofthe riodic turmoilwhich characterized the Rainbow’s career wasnot quite oficer as compared with navalranks. times.Annually shecircuited among ended,however, as shewas recommis- Therefore, the only distinguishing mark various ports in the Philippines, making sioned on 29 Jan 1916 and assigned in a onthe boat to indicatean oficer of occasional visits to Hong Kong, andcall- reserve status as the receiving ship at another ssrvice would be the ornament ingat Japanese ports. San Francisco on 4 February. atop the fEagstaff.-ED.

36 All HANDS

displaces 4300 tons, is 278 feet long speed than any of her predecessors, and 31 feet wide. and also greatercombat vehicle uss Pargo (SSN 650), recently capacity. commissioned at Groton, Conn. Also She has an over-all length of 522 a nuclear powered attack submarine, feet,and a beam of 69 feet.Her she is 291feet long, 31 feet wide. crew will number approximately 610. She displaces 4600 tons. Launched in adual ceremony The amphibious transport dock with Newport was the amphibious uss Dubuque (LPD 8), commis- assault ship New Orleans (LPH 11). sioned at Norfolk,Va. Dubuque is New Orleans is an Iwo lima class 570feet long and displaces 16,900 amphibious assault ship. She will be tons fully loaded. manned by approximately 590 Navy- One of the newesttype of am- men, and will be able to accommo- phibious ship, Dubuque cancarry date nearly 2000 men in her combat combat troops and their equipment, troop spaces. She is designed to aswell as helicoptersand landing carry 20 transport helicopters in her craft. 592-foot-long,104-foot-wide hull. The ammunitionship Santa Recent launching include: Barbara (AE28) was launchedat The nuclearpowered attack Sparrows Point, Md. sub Narwhal (SSN 671), launched Santa Barbara is thethird of a at Groton, Conn. new class of ammunitionship. She Narwhal is 314 feet long, with a will have the most modern transfer- beam of 33 feet.Fully loaded she at-sea facilities, includinga heli- displaces4700 tons. copter for distant replenishment and Launched at Pascagoula, Miss., four transfer stations equipped with WHERE DOES IT ALL GO-A young was the nuclear powered attack sub FastAutomatic Shuttle Transfer visitoraboard USS Norfolk (DL 1) Aspro (SSN 648). A Sturgeon class (FAST) for missile and missile com- takesa close butcautious look submarine, Aspro is 291 feet long, ponent transfer. She is 564feet at thebusiness end of the ship's hasa 31-foot beam, and displaces long, hasa beam of 81 feet, and a anchorduring a visitCalao-to 4600tons submerged. displacement of 20,500tons when She is the second submarine to be fully loaded. Lima. - Photoby C. R. Elliott. so named.The first uss Aspro (SS Theveteran repair ship uss 309)made eightcombat pafrols in Sphinx (ARL24) was recommis- As these ships are welcomed into the Pacific during World War 11. sionedat New Orleans,La. This is theFleet, several others are facing The submarinetender L. Y. thethird time around for Sphinx. thequiet days of decommissioned Spear (AS 36), atQuincy, Mass. She wasfirst commissioned 10 May status: The ship is the first of a new class 1945, served in the Pacific repairing The 23-year-old escort ship designed specifically to service nu- landing craft which were to be used uss Thaddeus Parker (DE 369),was clear attack submarines. to bring men and materials back to towed to the naval shipyard in Phila- L. Y. Spear is 644feet long, 85 theUnited States. Sphinx was delphia, Pa., for scrapping. feet wide, and displaces 22,640 tons placed in reserve out of commission Commissioned 25 Oct 1944, Thad- fullyloaded. Her crew willconsist in January1946, then returned to deus Parker steamed83,000 miles of approximately 1440 Navymen. active duty in November1950 to during World War I1 protecting con- The tank landing ship Newport support amphibious forces in Korea. voysin the Pacific. Shewas de- (LST1179), launched at Philadel- Shehas been reactivated to pro- commissioned 31 May 1946, but phiaNaval Shipyard. Newport is viderepair facilities for the small returnedto active service in 1951. the prototype of a new class of LST, river and coastal patrol craft operat- After a few years with ASW forces characterizedmuchbya higher ing in South Vietnam. of theAtlantic Fleet, she began in

NAVYREPRESENTATIVES from many countries gave UnitedNotionsvtouch to an assembly of studentsattending Naval Schools Command atTreasure Island. Student navymen were welcomed aboard by CAPT S. J. Robinson, Jr.

APRIL 7968 39 oldest attack transport, has been de- training atthe Army Canine Corps commissioned at San Diego. School, Fort Benning, Ga.,with George Clymer was the first at- Quartermaster Third Class Dewayne tack transport to take part in World G. Schwalenberg. Previous tojump War 11. She was commissioned 15 school,Silver was trainedin basic Jun 1942. During her World War I1 obedience, patrol, attack, booby-trap career, she steamed over 162,000 detection, scouting, and helicopter miles, transported over 46,000 rapelling. troops, and cared for more than To make a jump, Silveris fitted 2600 casualties. with a specially made harness. She also saw action in the Korean Schwalenberg thenattaches Silver’s conflict, landing troops at Pusan, harness to a harness he wears, and Inchon, Wonsan, and Hungnam. In Silver hangs at his side duringde- June 1964, George Clymer made the scent. Twohundred feet above the first of hertwo deployments to ground, Silveris lowered on a 20- WestPacto take part in Vietnam foot line, andat the last moment, operations. She ended her second Schwalenberg pulls up on the line cruise in September 1966 when she to cushion the landing shock for the returnedto San Diego to serve as dog. flagship of Amphibious Squadron Silver has already proved himself Three until the decision came to de- intelligent in his own right.During commission her,strip her of useful one jump, Schwalenberg was stunned equipment, and sell her for scrap. by a particularly hard landing. His chute failed to collapse, caught some Four-Legged Seal Trainee wind, and began to drag him. Silver Dogs don’t earn Army parachute quickly jumped on thechute, col- INSTANT CAUSEWAY - Support wings.Usually. lapsing it and saving his master from equipmentis unloaded from Jerome Silver, a German shepherdwith possible injury. This was notin- cluded in Silver’s training. Counfy (LST 848) ontofloating Navy’s .Seal Team 11, is the excep- Silver may soon have Navy para- roadway.-Photo, R. Benjamin, JO1. tion. Parachutist wings wereawarded chutist wings as well. SEALTeam 19-57 to serve as a training ship for here recently to two-and-one-half- 11 is planningto take him on five Naval Reservists. During the Berlin year-old, 62-pound Silver, the first more jumps, qualifying him for Navy c,IISIS, :’ Tkacldeus Parker and her Navy dog to complete his fifth jump, wings, which require 10 jumps. crew of Reservists were called to qualifying for the award. Although the program isstill in active dutyand served from 2 Oct Silveris training with the Navy’s the experimental stage, two SEAL 1961 to 1 Aug 1962. Since that time Sea-Air-Land Team of the Atlantic dogs that have served in Vietnam she has served as a Reserve training Fleet Amphibious Force. have proved themselves valuable to ship operating out of Bayonne, N. J. The award culminated 16 weeks of the mission of the SEAL team. The dock landingship uss Linclentoald (LSD 6) has also been SEALS SCRAMBLE ashorefrom an LCMfor mission in Vietnam. SEALS are decommissioned and sold for scrap- trained forair, land or seacombat.-Photo by L. R.Robinson, PHI, USN. ping. Her naval career spanned 24 years. Commissioned 9 Dec1943, Linclenwald saw combat duty in the Pacific, participating in amphibious operations at Kwajalein, Emirau, Saipan, Lingayen Gulf, and Oki- nawa. Several mementos of Lindenwald’s career have been earmarked for display atthe ship’s namesake, “Lin- denwald,” the New York home of President Martin Van Buren. Theattack transport uss Hen- rico (APA 45), was decommissioned at Bremerton, Wash. Henrico was constructed as ss Sea Darter for the Maritime Commissionin 1943.She was acquired by the Navy, renamed, and converted to an attack transport. Henrico hasretired after serving in World War 11, the Korean conflict and Vietnam operations. uss George Clymer, the Navy’s

40 Well-Bottled Ships Model shipbuilding is a hobby en- joyed bymany Navymen, but only the most skilled put them together in glass bottles. OneNavyman who hasmastered the build-a-ship-in-a- bottle technique is Chief Construc- tion ElectricianTerry L. Smith of NAS Atlanta, Marietta, Ga. Chief Smithhas built models of sailing ships in glass containers ranging from a flashlight bulb to a five- gallon jug. Describing the hobby, he says skill is only part of it; that the main requirement is patience.“For example,’’ he said, “the five-gallon jug model was an18-month project which took me 200 hours atthe work-bench.’’ How is it done? GLASS-BOUND NAVY-Master bottled-ship builder Terry L. Smith,CEC, of “Mainlythrough prefabrication,” NAS Atlanta designed own toolsfor intricate job. Can you findthird ship? saysChief Smith. “I first design a model and carve the hull out of a participate in the25th anniversary spearheadoperation Beacon Torch. block of mahogany. I use onlyraw of the Battle of the Coral Sea. After the Marines were put ashore, materials and build according to my 0 uss WashtenawCounty (LST the assault shipstood by off the own specifications. 1166), home after three-montha coastto provide supplies, ammuni- “I split the hull into sections that deployment in the combat zone. The tion, and a quickmeans of evacu- will fit through the bottle neck, and tanklanding ship covered almost ation for wounded men. then reassemble the whole thing in- 12,000 miles during her deployment Tripoli provided similar services side the bottle with my special tools.” with the Seventh Fleet. in operations Beaver Track, Bear Chief Smithdeveloped his own Some of her commitments carried Chain, KangarooKick; Belt Drive, tools and instruments, which include her 120 miles deep into the Mekong FortressSentry, Formation Leader, a probe for tying knots on the ships’ Delta, and shk also operated between and Badger Hunt. rigging. Da Nangand the Demilitarized Duringher deployment, Tripoli “I first becameinterested in the Zone (DMZ), serving in a logistic steamed36,000 miles and recorded hobbyabout 10 years ago when I supply role for units ashore. more than 7800 landings on her flight saw a magazineadvertisement that WashtenawCounty also engaged deck.She also made more than 1100 medical1100 evacuations of featured such a model. My curiosity in threedays of difficult typhoon wounded Marines. led me toexperiment with ship evasion, as typhoonEmma ‘inter- In eachIn amphibious operation models and bottles, and I’m proud ceptedthe Ready Group during to say I developed my own tech- their Subic upkeep period. Tripoli transported a daily average of 120 tons of combatsupplies and niques.” 0 TheFleet oiler uss Mispillioiz equipment to the forces ashore. Fun and/or profit? (A0 105) returnedtoher Long 0 The San Diego-basedtank Beach home port after seven months “None of niy models are for sale. landing ships uss Outagamie County in WestPacrefueling carriers and I havegiven some to friends and (LST 1073) and Polk County (LST relatives, but mainly it’s a matter of gunfire support ships of the Seventh 1084), ending a seven-month Viet- having found a hobby I particularly Fleet. nam deployment. enjoy.” “c. A. Bryant,JOC, USN It was reportedly a record-break- During their time in Vietnam, ingdeployment for Mispillion. She Outagamie County and Polk County had 511 ships alongside, fueling 471 Welcome Home, Daddy transported logistic material from of them.She transferred 71.7 mil- the NavalSupport Activity, Da Welcomehome celebrations have lion gallons of fuel. Nang, to Chu Lai, Duc Pho and Cua beennumerous recently in cities 0 The SanDiego-based amphib- Viet. whichserve as majorhome ports. ious helicopter carrier uss Tripoli Theattack transports uss Tying up at Pacific coast piers were: (LPHlo), after eightmonths in Magofin (APA 199)and Pickaway 0 The amphibioustransport dock WestPac. (APA 222), the attackcargo ships uss Duluth (LPD 6), backin San Duringthe deployment, Tripoli Skagit (AKA 105) and Winston Diego after an eight-month WestPac launchedeight assaults against (AKA 94),and the dock landing deployment. enemy forces nearDa Nang, Phu ship Catamount (LSD17), all to Before shejoined amphibious Bai, Hue, CamLo, and the DMZ. San Diego. units off the coast of South Vietnam, Inher first combat action, Tripoli During their deploymentswith Duluth called at Perth, Australia, to launchedMarine-laden helos to theSeventh Fleet, the amphibious

APRIL 1968 41 TODAY’S NAVY shipsmade strategic lifts of men ship uss DiamondHead (AE19), canalbefore it wasclosed andthe and suppliesbetween various ports home after a nine-monthdeploy- Israeli-Arab war began. inthe Western Pacific. They also ment in WestPac. When Intrepid reachedthe com- took part in OperationSchoolhouse Diamond Head steamedsome bat zone, targets of her pilots were Lift andExercise Sea Dog. In 64,000 miles whileconducting 200 bridges,warehouses, railroad lines, Schoolhouse Lift, U. S. Navyships underwayreplenishments and de- and highways. Specifically, the transportedmore than 1600 pre- livering 12,000tons of rockets, targetsincluded the Ben Thuyand fabricated units toremote villages bombs,and shells. She also trans- HonGai thermal power plants, in the Philippines. Sea Dog involved ferred morethan 29,900 pounds of which were destroyed; the Ban Ven ships from SEAT0 nations and took U. S. mail to 143 ships in WestPac. Nham army barracks and Sam mis- place in the SouthChina Sea and The destroyers uss DuPont sile storagearea; the PortWallut the Gulf of Siam. (DD941), New (DD818), and naval base, and Haiphong’s Kien An uss Okinawa (LPH3), the Eaton (DD 510), also back in Nor- Mig base. helicopter assault carrier, returned folk, after seven months in WestPac. Intrepid’s Air Wing 10 pilots to San Diego after her first deploy- The fhreeDDs are units of De- knockedout four of the five major mentto WestPac. She transferred stroyer Squadron 22. Their missions bridgesfanning out from Haiphong from the Atlantic Amphibious Force whiledeployed included rescuing and a bypassbridge built to substi- J early last year and shortly thereafter downed pilots in the TonkinGulf; tute for a major bridge. The Air steamedto South Vietnam, where providingnaval gunfire support to Wing’s fourattack squadrons de- she took part in nineamphibious allied forces along the coast of South livered over5000 tons of ordnance assaults. Vietnam;providing lifeguard serv- againstNorth Vietnam during the En routeto join the Seventh icesfor carrier operations; shelling ship’s stay on Yankee Station. Fleet, Okinawa answered an SOS NorthVietnamese artillery positions 0 Home from the Mediterranean fromPanamanianthe freighter north of the 17th parallel, and anti- arethe carrier uss Saratoga (CVA Silver Peak. The freighter hadrun submarine patrol. 60), after sevenmonths, and the aground on a reef nearMinami KO More than32,500 rounds were destroyers Jonas Ingram (DD 938), Shima, an islandabout 100 miles fired from the guns of the three de- Power (DD839), Noa (DD841), northeast of Taiwan. Using two of stroyers. DuPont accounted for Meredith (DD 890), Strihling (DD her helos, theLPH rescued the 20,775rounds; New, 6750; and 867),and Harwood (DD861), freighter’s 38 crewmen. Eaton, 5005. after a five-month deployment. The Whiledeployed to WestPac, 0 The do-everything carrier uss ships arehomeported in Mayport, Okinawa served as flagship of Am- Intrepid (CV 11) is back in Nor- Fla. phibiousReady Group Alfa. She folk after aneight-month deploy- also supportedan embarked heli- ment off the Vietnam coast. Navymen Like Collett coptersquadron and the major ele- By designation, Intrepid is an ments of a reinforced battalion land- antisubmarinewarfare carrier, but uss Collett (DD730) was re- ing team almost continuously in the she traded herhelos and ASW air- cently cited byAdmiral Roy L. combat zone. craft in 1966 for A4 Skyhawk jet Johnson, USN (Ret), for retention of Okinawa’s medicaldepartment attack planes, F8 Crusader jet enlisted personnel during fiscal year personnel were kept busy during the fighers, and A1 Skyraider bombers. 1967. At the time ADM Johnson deployment,handling more than Intrepid beganher deployment was on active duty, serving as Com- 1100 battlefield casualties inthe with a tripto the Mediterranean. mander in Chief, U. S. Pacific Fleet. ship’s sick bay. After a short stay, shesteamed The commanding officer and all Deployments have also ended for through the Suez Canal into the Red hands of the Seventh Fleet destroyer the following Atlantic Fleet ships: Sea andheaded east. Intrepid was werecommended “for their out- 0 The Norfolk-basedammunition the last U. S. warship to transit the standing achievement in the field of

GOLDEN SHIPS-USS Pine Island (AV 12) and USS Bryce Canyon (AD 36) among ships having earned Golden ”E.”

42 ALL HANDS enlisted retention . . . andfor the leadership and effective shipboard Noat Hangup Fox’s Pad I organization which this accomplish- Originally designed operateto UH-2 Seasprite and SH-3 Sea King ment reflects.” small antisubmarine drone helicop- helicopters assigned the Navy’s During fiscal year 1967 CoZlett ters, the new guided missile frigate Search and Rescue forces supporting had a first-term reenlistment rate of uss Fox (DLG 33) also handles the air effort over North Vietnam. 57per cent and a career reenlist- Durinrthe course of Fox’s five mentrate of 78 percent-acom- months’-service with the Seventh bined rate of 65 per cent. Not only Fleet,491 helicopter landings were was this the second highest reenlist- made aboard Fox and her flight deck mentrate for any single ship of crew pumped 94,018 gallons of fuel Cruiser-Destroyer Force, Pacific, but into parched helos either on deck or it wasalso nearly three times the hovering alongside. average of all ships within CRUDES- Fox, advertising as the North Ton- PAC. CoZZett also hadthe highest kin Service Station, provided a va- relative improvement rate of any riety of other services-showers, ship in the command,with an in- laundry facilities, food, hot and cold crease of 47 per cent over fiscal year drinks, and bunks-for the chopper 1966. crews operating from her deck. The The commanding officer of Collett copters rescued nine downed Ameri- ’ is Commander R.J. Kearny, USN. can airmen,braving enemy ground Theship is a unit of Destroyer fire to do so. Squadron Nine, which com-is The unresolved question regarding mandedby CaptainC. F. Helme, the flight deck crew of this San Jr., USN, and is homeported in Diego-based frigate is whether these Yokosuka, Japan. Foxmen ought really to have been Meet HMAS Brisbane called “airdales,” asin the case of their aircraft carrier counterparts. A thirdguided missile destroyer built in this country for the Aus- tralian Navy hasbeen placed into Instant Airfield runway,through another series of commission. She is HMAS Brisbane sheaves, and back to the capstan. (D41), named after the capital city A shore-based catapult and arrest- A nosewheel dolly attached to the of Queensland, Australia. ing system, and 2200 feet of alumi- launch cable tows the aircraft to the The ceremonies, held 16 Decem- num matting that can be laid out in catapult.The aircraft nosewheel is ber atthe Boston Naval Shipyard, hours, have been combined to form placed on the dolly, and the launch- were attendedby the Australian an “instant airfield”for pilots in ing bridle is connected toboth the Ambassador to the United States and Vietnam. dolly and the aircraft launch hooks. the U. S. Chief of Naval Operations. Designed under a program known A hold-back, similar to one used in Equipped with long range search as Short Airfieldfor TacticalSup- shipboard catapult operations, is also and fire control radars, coupled with port (SATS),the instant airfieldis connected to the aircraft. a Tartar missile system, Brisbane will intendedto satisfyMarine Corps serve as anantiaircraft ship. Inad- requirements for a mobile, economi- Withthe aircraft now ready for dition, shehas an antisubmarine cal and reusable runway which can launch, power is increased in the system consisting of long range sonar, be made operational within 72 to 96 turbine. A catapult brake is released, torpedoes and the British-developed hours. the hold-back unit breaks away, and Zkara antisubmarine rocket system, Field tests of .SATS are now un- the aircraft accelerates to take-off. She also hastwo 5-inch rapid fire derway in Vietnam. Refinement test- The system has a rapid-cycle ca- gun mounts for shore bombardment. ing is inprogress atthe Naval Air pability of 90 seconds. In the event Brisbane’s 435-foot hull and 47- Test Facility, Lakehurst, N.J. Var- of wind change, the dollyis simply foot beam displaces about 4500 tons iousfighter and attack aircraft, in- removed from the launching end of when fully loaded.She is powered cludingthe A-6 Intruder and A-7 the cable and connectedto thereby two steam turbine engines ca- Corsair II, have been launched and turnend. Aircraft may thenbe pable of producing 70,000 shaft retrieved with SATS. launched in the opposite direction. horsepower. Here’s how it works: The SATS arresting system uses a D41 is the second RoyalAus- The SATS catapult has two J79-2 wire rope pendantstretched across tralian Navy ship to bear the name turbo-jet engines which exhaust into the runway. The pendant is attached Brisbane. The first, a 5400-ton a free power turbine. The turbine is to nylon tapes which are wound on cruiser, was launched in Sydney in connected to a gear box which drives reels, and which payout after the September1915, butshe sawno a high speedcapstan, or take-up aircraft landing hook engages the action in either world war. The spool. A loop of steel cable is pendant. The reels arecoupled to cruiser did, however, serve in the wrapped on thecapstan, around a water turbines which absorb the en- Mediterranean Sea, Indianthe tensioning device, and through a ergy of the aircraft impact. The sys- Ocean, the South Pacific and the Far series of sheaves tothe launch end tem may land jetscoming inat East before she was scrapped in of the aluminum runway. The cable speeds up to 160 knots, and stops England in 1936. continues to the terminal end of the them in less than 6.50 feet.

APRIL 1968 43 ODAY‘S NAVY

ATF Bites the Sea To a large ship rough water means a little rolling and pitch- ing, but to a smaller vessel, such as the Fleet tug USS Ute (ATF 76), it often means aerial acro- batics as the bow performs for the camera during operations in the Western Pacific.

Subic Offers SmallChallenge to Golfers It hasbeen claimed that golfers carewhat the score is. The impor- arriving in Subic Bay have at times tantthing in his view is a bamboo been seen dashing straight from their hut shaded by tall trees and fanned ship to the Spanish Gate Golf Course by theelephantine leaves of the where, with the satisfied sigh of the bananapalm. Going . . . . inveterate golfer home from the sea, With a sigh of relief thetired theytee up and-whammo-right golfer drops his club and score card, down the old fairway. and relaxes in the shade of the snack It’s agreed thatthe courseis a bar’s reasonably cool veranda. beauty, with its garden-like setting, -Photos by complete with tropical plants shaded C. K. Ferguson, JOC, USN by spreading monkeypod and sandal- wood trees. Grassy fairways, lovelylakes and beautiful flowers make even the trapsand hazards a pleasure-almost. Truly, the course would do justice to the most luxurious country club. However, the course has one draw- back for big-time golfers. The whole thing could be snugly tucked away, Going . . . . with space to spare, in the lobby of almost any self-respecting hotel. It’s a miniature course, andthe Spanish Gate, which sets itapart from other courses and provides the name, is a model of one which graced the 19th century Spanish naval station. The original structure, which still stands, has beenduplicated to the last cannon by Subic Bay employees. To the avid miniature golfer, the course has all the challenge of the larger courses and he sweats over the waterhazards and sand traps quite as much as any weekend golfer on a Gone-and ready to start again. king-sized course. By the time he reaches the18th hole, the perspiring dufferdoesn’t

44 ALL HANDS I more generally, cleaning hisrifle, since he mayneed a clean weapon only minutes after he reaches his destination. Vietnam Milk Run I Nowhere, it would seem, can he get away from the conflict around him. Evenafter the C-54 is air- THE HUGE, four-engine plane lifts for handling planes with rear ramp borne, the trooper has a bird’s-eye smoothly fromSaigon’s Tan Son doors,like those of the ‘2-130 and view of the hostilities being waged Nhut Airport at 0800 and sets a C-141 transports. The C-54 has two below asfighters often can be seen heading for Can Rahn Ray and cargo doors, but theyare located making strafing runs on VC targets. points north.Twelve hours, 1000 high in the side of the fuselage. Closer to Saigon, he sees roads alive miles and a dozen landings and take- Therefore, all loading and unloading with traffic as they snake outto offs latershe is securely back at on these runways has to be done by nearby military bases. And in open Saigon, chocked down for a good forklift or by hand. There are times areas, infields or on hilltops, there night’s rest. the offloading equipment is nothing are visible all sizes of craters caused That, in a nutshell, just about tells more than a pickup truck and a lad- by mortars and other types of heavy the daily story of aircraft 87754, a der, such as might be found at the artillery. Navy C-54 Skymaster prop-driven airfieldsin the Mekong Delta area Whenthe (2-54 arrives back in transport of WorldWar I1 that south of Saigon. Saigon, the day hasn’t ended for the spends every other week, alternating The routine for each stop is pretty crew. They must clean her up and with another C-54, away from her much the same-get the passengers make her ready for tomorrow’s flight. home station at Sangley Point, R. P., off, unload the cargo, take on a new If there is any maintenance tobe flying cargo missions over South load, sign on any passengers waiting done, there is noone else todo it Vietnam. and get airborne again, as quickly as except the crew. This particular air- nut this scratches only the surface. possible. craft was accepted by the Navy 22 The real story of the C-54, which Along with U. S. military person- years ago, then as an R5D. Inthe has carriedmen and material for nel, Vietnamese military forces also meantime, she has flown more than nearly 23 years, is her association fly in the Skymaster. And since they 21,000 hours, thereforerequiring with the many lives she comes into are permitted to move their depend- maintenance more frequentlyper- contact witheach day during her ents by air, the plane frequently has haps than some of the newer cargo flight from Saigon to Can Rahn Ray, on board several women clad in Ao craft. And since parts for (3-54s are Qui Nhon, NhaTrang, Da Nang, Dai,the national costume. For the not always readily available in Viet- Chu Lai and back to Saigon. most part, lessexotic dress is more nam, more often than not the crew The flights areconducted fre- prevalent: flakjackets and jungle has to have components repaired or quently.The hop fromSaigon to boots. Obviously, many of the troops reconstructed on the spot. Can Rahn Bay takes about an hour, have just come out of the field. Despite the scarcity of parts, or the longest leg of the circuit. To Terminals along the milkrun vary the loading 2nd unloading problems Nha Trang,the shortest leg, takes from the well-equipped ones at faced nearly every hour, or the foul only six minutes. Saigon and Da Nang to those where weather conditions, oreven hostile Keeping ground time to a mini- passengers can be seen squatting on fire, the C-54 from Sangley Point mum, however, isn’t always easy, concrete, or at best, sitting on rude keeps the flow of supplies for Navy according to the pilots and crew of wooden benches. The fighting man activitiesmoving. She does so the plane. The crew tries for a waiting to climb on board passes the hcked up by the fact that she has minimum of ground time, especially time by sleeping when hecan, or never yet missed a mission. when they land at airfields equipped gettingthe mud off his boots or, “William M. Powers,PHC, USN

VIETNAM MILK RUN-Navy C-54 Skyrnasfer makes landingat Cam RahnBay. Rt: Passengersrelax during flight.

APRIL 1968 45 Briefnews items about other branches of thearmed services. “Forces and aircraft deployed to the United States,” the announcement stated, “will be maintained in a high degree of readiness, and equipment will be maintained in the Federal Republic of Germany in sufficient.quantity and readiness to insure that the forces and aircraft can be promptly redeployed to Germany. Major units involved in the redeployment plans are: Twobrigades of the 24thInfantry Division and appropriately associated units which will move to Fort Riley, Kan. The 3rd Armored Calvary Regiment, which will be based at Fort Lewis, Wash. 0 Three squadrons of the49th Tactical Fighter Wing, to Holloman AFB, N. Mex. The 417th Tactical Fighter Squadron, which will move to Mountain Home AFB, Idaho.

RIDING BEHIND andalongside fighter and bomber pilots, Air Forcecameramen of the MilitaryAirlift Command‘s AerospaceAudio Visual Service(AAVS) last year focused on the war in Vietnam in depth and detail. For example, the Six Hundredth Photo Squadron at HO-HO-HO-Air Force ”JollyGreen Giant” helo stays Tan Son Nhut AirBase, Saigon, hadthe mission and on stationlonger, thanks to drink donated by tanker. the mettle to film the war with an array of gun cameras, panoramic strike and radar scope cameras installed on BEGINNINGIN APRIL, certain U. S. Army and Air fighters andbombers. They also used blister-held and Force units in Europe will be redeployed to the United podenclosed cameras developed by AAVS for strike States, theU. S. Commander in Chief,Europe, has and other missions. announced. If activity can be measured statistically, it could be The report by General Lyman Lemnitzer said plan- said that, in 1967, Air Forcephotographers in South- ning action is underway and the redeployment has been east Asia took more than 313,000 feet of motion picture the subject of consultations in NATO since last spring. film, nearly20,000 color photographs and more than At that time the U. S. proposedto redeploy up to 25,000 black and white shots on some 2500 combat 35,000 military personnel from theFederal Republic missions. of Germany. More important, of course, than statistics are the The redeployment, involving about 31,000 Army per- results achieved by the film footage. The cameramen’s sonnel and 3400 Air Force, will continue over a number work provided over-the-target photographs with which of months. to assess bomb damage, as well as wide-ranging docu- mentation of the war and accurate intelligence data. Someof the photography was featured onU. S. tele- vision news reports and in documentaries on Vietnam. Shooting the war from the air frequently took more than averagecourage asis testified by the 57 Air Medals, seven Bronze Stars, 120 Commendation Medals anda Purple Heart which repaid the photographers’ heroism. Although AAVS photographerswere working hard in Vietnam during 1967, they also had responsibilities elsewhere. The service’s cameramen and technical crews handled instrumentation photography of missile launches at Van- denberg AFB, Calif., and Green River, Utah. They also documented, in still and motionpicture photography, Air Force actions having historical significance and produced Air Force motion pictures. Focusing on the world from Vandenberg to Vietnam, is abig anddemanding job-especially for backseat cameramen on frontline assignments. As proficient tech- FOR COMBAT SUPPORT-New Army wingedrotorcraft nicians, MAC’S Aerospace Audio Visual Service camera- will escorttroop-carrying helos and direct fire support. men consider themselves backseat in location only.

46 ALL HANDS The fully-automated photo system is designed for use during day or night reconnaissance missions. Tests to explore its full operational capabilities are being conducted by the Air Force Systems Command. One goal in the testing is to refine techniques used in aerial photography at low altitudesand supersonic speeds. srsrc

A POLYURETHANE FOAM first used in gasoline tanks of racing cars to reduce fire and explosion hazards has been modified for the fuel tanks of combat aircraft in Southeast Asia. THUNDERCHIEFS-Two camouflaged Air Force F-105s The foamresembles steel wool, but is more porous streak towarda communist targetin North Vietnam. and is nonabsorbent. Liquid flows freely through the open cells. Installed in thefuel tank of an aircraft, the foam FROM THE sNownouND Navajo and Hopi Indian Res- ervations in Arizona tothe combat areas of Vietnam, retards explosion, evenafter a directhit on the tank more than 900 people last year would, if theycould, by tracer bullets or other incendiaries. It also sup- gladly have rolled out a red carpet for the pararescue- presses slosh, and, if the tank is ruptured, prevents fuel men of the Military Airlift Command’s Aerospace Rescue from spewing out. and Recovery Service. The foam originally was used in cars at the Indian- In the combat areas of Vietnam last year alone, the apolis “500” raceway. It was modified bythe Air ARRS pararescuers savedmore than 400men from Force Systems Command. locations which frequently were raked by enemy fire. Installation of thematerial is relatively simple. The Not only didthe pararescuers lendtheir efforts to foam is cut to size and installed in blocks through exist- saving U. S. fighting men in Vietnam, they also saved ing fuel tank ports. It only slightly reduces the usable 239 noncombatants from various misfortunes in South- volume of fuel, even thoughit almostfills the tank. east Asia while nearly 300 others around theworld were srsrsr saved from death or injury in fires,floods andother disasters. THE ARMY’SNEWEST and most advancedcombat Last year, the ARRS pararescuers passed two mile- helicopter, theAHd6A Cheyenne, demonstratedits stones. InJuly, theywere credited with their 1000th speed, versatility and maneuverability recently during rescue in Southeast Asia since 1964 and, one month its first public flight at Van Nuys, Calif. later, theyrecorded their 616th rescue forthe year, It is the first Army aircraft designed as a fire control therebyequaling thetotal numberracked up by the gunship and is scheduledto see action in Vietnam. unit the year before. The Cheyenne has the rotor blades of a conventional Among a multitude of other decorations, thepara- helo as well as stub wings and a pusher propeller of a rescuers were also awarded the Presidential Unit Cita- conventional aircraft. While the rotors provide lift, the tion. During the presentation, President Johnson pusher prop creates levelflight speeds of more than expressed the thanks of those whose lives were saved by 250 miles per hour. the pararescuers. Other thanks came directly from the When fully equipped, the Cheyenne will be capable men in Vietnam who are alive today because the ARRS of firing machine guns, grenades, rockets and missiles. pararescuers had the courage and the equipment to go A swiveling belly turret mounts a 30-mm automatic gun, anywhere and get the job done. More than 3500 indi- and both the pilot and gunner are protected by armor. vidual decorations have been awarded for rescue actions in that country. srsrsr

A RECONNAISSANCE CAMERA that clicks away in machine gun fashion is being tested by the Air Force for use in Vietnam. The new camera, designed for the RF-4C Phantom aircraft, takes reconnaissance pictures at a rate ofsix exposures per second. It also takes “stereo” pictures by focusing on a given target area from two different points in the sky. Look- ing atthe pictures in a stereo viewer, a photo inter- preter can determine the heights of the objects shown. Thus, actual targets such as vehicles or parked aircraft can be distinguished from dummies or silhouettes painted onto roads or runways. By using color film, the QUICK LIFT-Swarm of helicopters rushes paratroopers camera helps to detect camouflage. of 173rd Airborne Brigade into action against Viet Cong.

APRlL 1968 47 ASTER CHIEF PETTY OFFICER Of whether or not such requests are BuPersmess operations regulations. theNavy DelbertBlack, favorably enclorsed at the command The two styles of management GMCM, USN, started his second year level. came about as a result of a study by as the seaservice’s MCPON with a Requests submitted by those who a high-level committee in 1960, globe-girdling trip “down under.” are noteligible will likewise be which included this advice: He visited 1200 Navymen of Opera- processed, says the Transfer Manual, “Some First and Second Class tion Deep Freeze in the Antarctic. but the requester should be informed Petty Officers’Messes areinde- On hisjourney tothe giant icy of his ineligibility, and he may be pendentlyoperated andhave es- continent at the bottom of the world, asked to voluntarily withdraw the sentially the same esprit de corps as he traveled some 32,000 miles, cov- request. If he does not withdraw the is usually present in a CPO Mess. ering all major U. S. stations on the request, itwill be forwarded from The Committee considers that itis continent, and meeting nearly every the command in the normal manner, necessary toencourage such spirit American Navyman there. even though disapproval should be and to enhance thestatus of senior “I don’t think I have ever been to anticipated. Petty Officers wherever possible . . .” a command where the morale was Inquiries have been received from The Committee distinguished be- better or where there was more en- men whohad applied for special tween First and Second Class Petty thusiasm for gettingthe job done,” transfers to school, concerning the Officers’ Messes operating separately Black said. “Considering the arduous reason why action had not been andPetty OfficerSections of EM conditions under which the men live taken on their applications. After Clubs. It stated: and work, this wds most impressive.” checks by cognizant BuPersdesks “Petty OfficerSections of EM At each Deep Freeze station-Ad- and EPDO channels, it hasbeen Clubs should be permitted only vance Headquarters in Christchurch, learned that in certain cases the re- where a common facility is used and New Zealand, and the Antarctic sta- quests in question never left the the Petty Officer Sections are an in- tions at McMurdo, SouthPole, and command. This often involves more tegralpart of the EM Clubopera- Byrd-the first order of business was paperwork and time-consuming ef- tion.” a get-together discussion with all en- fort in the long rnn than would have In 1961 the Secretary of the Navy listed men. been involved had the request been approved the above recommenda- “I never heard a single real gripe. forwarded in the first place. tions of the Committee, and directed Of course, in Deep Freeze you have The Transfer A4anrca1, Article 2.5, that all EM Clubs be controlled by a unique situation. Every man, has detailed instructions on use of the Navy Ship’s Store Office. through necessity, looks out for each the Enlisted Transfer and Special In making its recommendations, of his shipmates. I think this is a big Duty Request Form. The form is the Committee reported thatthe factor toward the happy, cooperative stocked at supply centers in Oakland most successful EM Club and Petty atmosphere that prevails in Deep and Norfolk, and may be requisi- Officer Mess operations exist “where Freeze,” he said. tioned under normal supply proce- the membership hasan effective During his recent tours of stations dures. voice and avenne of approachto in CONUS and overseas, Master club or mess management and to the ChiefBlack received queries on a ETTY OFFICEIIS’ MESSES OPEN- commanding officer by means of a number of subjects. Among these ‘The operation of First and Second club ormess advisory group. Such were processing of enlisted transfers Class Petty Officers’Messes OPEN advisory groups permit the member- andthe administration of enlisted (“Acey-Deucy” Clulx) has also been ship to express its desires and prefer- clnbs. Here’s the word on these sub- the subject of inquiries, specifically ences with regard to services and jects, verifiedas by cognizant why these clubs at some sta t’ Ions are entertainment provided and to offer sources at BuPers headquarters. operated as separate clubs, while at suggestions and recommendations other places they are part of an En- for improvements.” RANSFER REQUESTS-The Enlisted listed Men’s Club. Today, Advisory Groups toEM ‘Transfer and Special Duty Re- Here is the answer-it is a matter Clubs and Petty Officers’ Mess opera- quest Form (NavPers 1306/7) of location. When an Acey-Dewy tions meet on a regularly scheduled which became effective last summer Club is underthe same roof asan basis and submittheir comments was designed, amongother reasons, EM Club, it is run as an adjunct of ancl recommendations tothe com- tospeed up (andreduce) paper- the EM Chtb andnnder the same manding officer for consideration. work. It is used for requesting trans- management (that is, the station’s Correspondence concerning per- fer outside the regular Seavey/ Navy Exchange, which is under the sonal matters may be directed to the Shorvey rotation channels. control of the Navy Ship’s Store Of- Master Chief Petty Officer of the The Transfer hlanrral states, in ef- fice, NSSO). However, whenan Navy, Pers 003, Rureau of Naval fect,that by using thenew form, Acey-Dewy Club is located in a sep- Personnel, Washington, D. C. 20370. requests for transfer or reassignment aratebuilding, it isan independent Such correspondence should gen- to a particular type of duty or school, club, like theCPO Club, usually edly be concerned with sugges- submitted by eligible personnel, managed by a petty officer trained in tions, ideas, recommendations, and shall be processed and forwarded to mess management (either active requests for information on various the cognizant distribution authority, duty or retired) who is guided by enlisted programs.

48 ALL HANDS I AdakDuty: It Can Be Vigorous,Rigorous, Rewarding HEN ADAK RESIDENTS Want to mum seldom goes below 20".(At poor condition. communewith Nature they the time this is beingwritten in Shuttlebus service is available may, if they wish, take a trip to the balmyWashington, D. C., the offi- duringnormal working hours with Adak National Forest. This is a cial weatherbureau temperature is regularroutes through the housing grove of evergreensplanted by the belowfreezing and getting colder. areas and the main points of activitv Navy in the mid-forties. Some of the Were the Adak Sun to publish a liv- mightier giants have now reached a ing conditions on us, it could warn height of four feet. its readers of the extremeclimatic recreation areas. As Adak is somewhat off our reg- variations to be encountered). All childrenare bussed toand ular beat, we can't swear to the ex- However.Annual precipitation fromschool. istence of the Big Woods, but that's averages69 inches and you'll run what our friends at the Adak Naval into snowor rain two out of three Housing-Note: Reportson hous- Station tell us in their latest report days a year. Snow and sleet flurries ing are subject to change and the on living conditionsaboard the are frequent,but heavy snow does informationprinted below may well Navy's Aleutianoutpost. Here's the not remain in the base area. Broken havebeen revised by the heyou way they see it: clouds or overcast 90 per cent of the read this or by the time you receive Adak is an island of the Andreanof time. yourorders toAdak. With these Group,located in the southernmost The most uncomfortable part of reservations in mind you may find thisreport on housing andother in- part of the AleutianChain. It is Adak'sweather is ' the wind. Al- aboutmidway between Seattle and thoughthe annual average wind formation on livingconditions help- Tokyo on the great circle route. velocityis 13 knots,gusts of more ful.However, check with the Family The country is rugged and moun- than 60 knots havebeen noted at ServicesCenter nearest you when tainousand, although the island is onetime or another,during every you receive your oiders to your next coveredwith grass, it hasno trees month of the year during storms. duty. except those mentioned above.There Government Housing-The how- is neither a native population nor a Roads and Transportation-There ing is above average for an overseas are approximately 125 miles of roads civilian settlement or village on the base, pd consists of duplexunits on the 25-by 35-mile island. The island. The island is populated ex- with two, three or four bedrooms per main complex of the naval station, clusively by about 4500 military and unit. federalemployees and their de- including all the housing areas, has Marriedpersonnel in pay grades pendents. The naval population con- about 17 miles of paved roads. The E-4 (with more than four years' sists of the NavalStation and its roadsto the outlyingparts of the service) and above are eligible for tenant commands, the naval com- naval station are unpaved, in fair to government quarters. munication station, the naval facility and the Coast Guard loran st.,?ion. Concurrent travel is authorized 1. W. Crupper, AMHP, USN for lieutenantcommanders and Adak originally was establisled as - a naval operating base for the Aleu- n above and for E-8s and E-9s. tian campaign during World War I1 Officer and enlisted waiting lists and today supports patrol squadrons are maintained separately and wait- and search and rescue vessels and ingtime is determined by apoint aircraft. It celebrated its 25th birth- system which is calculatedon day in August 1967. seniority and time aboard. According to those who have been BAQis forfeited while you are in both places, you'llfind many occupyingpublic quarters. colderspots in CONUS than you Furnishings-You'll find these will in Adak. Cooled by the Bering items of furniturein your govern- Sea and warmedby the Japanese ment quarters: current, Adak's mean temperature is 41" F. Living room: Sofa, lamps, end The meantemperature ranges tables, upholstered chairs, occasional from a low of 34 degrees during the chairs, a coffee table, bookcase, desk winter season (January,February, and rug. Dining room: Dining table, chairs, March) to a high of 49" during the I I I summer season (July,August, Sep- "I don't care what he didbefore he joined one china closet or buffet, and rug. tember). Summer maximums rarely the Navy-that's not the way to make a Some of the smallerquarters have reach 65", while the wintermini- highline transfer!" a dinette instead of a dining room.

APRIL 1968 Bathroom: Completebath facili- J. H. Paoli, IC1, USN rent travel foryour dependents. ties including tuband shower. Address the letter or message as in- Showercurtains are notprovided. dicated in BuPers Inst 4650.14 series Some of the larger quarters have one andprovide necessary information and one-half baths. in theformat indicated in that In- Bedrooms: Onedouble bed or struction. Approvalor denial and twinbeds, one chair, chest of furtherinformation will be for- drawers,one vanity in masterbed- warded.When entry approval is room, a night stand, double dresser, granted,arrange for shipment of largemirror and rug. Pillows and HHE.In general, youwill be au- bedroom lamps are not provided. thorized three shipments: An express shipment of ap- Laundry: Awasher anddryer. proximately1000 pounds. Include In some quarters, washers and dryers items such as blankets, linen, silver- are shared by two families. ware,shower curtains andthe like Kitchen: Electric stove and re- ”Ah, here if is . . . blood tests,page 39.” that you will need immediately upon frigerator. arrival. will make their home there with you A freight shipmentto Adak. Shipment of PersonalProperty- Includethe balance of your small Because of the lack of storage space, orwill remain in the States during appliances, extra clothing and other it is notpossible to furnishstorage your tour. A tour is now 18 months household goods. for either government-owned or per- withdependents, 12 monthswith- A freight shipmenttonon- sonalfurniture, goods orappliances out. temporary storage. Includefurni- except in thequarters themselves. If you are not going to move your familyto Adak, youwill probably tureand itemsnot required during All items you bring must be stored your tour in Adak. in your own quarters and no govern- be eligible for FamilySeparation Allowance. See the personnel officer The express shipmentshould be ment furniture allotted to these quar- madeavailable tothe packers as ters may be removed. Most families when you arrive. See yourcurrent personnel officer for details of eligi- soon as possible after you receive consider thatthere is notenough information that travel to Adakis room for both a freezer(preferably bility to draw Dislocation Allowance and shipment of HHE if you intend authorized. You arestrongly ad- uprightmodel) and an automatic vised to make use of the Household ironer, although some find room for to relocate your family. If you do plan to move your fam- Goods Shipping Office nearest you to one or the other (usually in a bed- determinewhich moves and ship- room). Coupleswithout children ily toAdak, ask yourcommand to requestentry approval and concur- ments are authorized at government can plan on having some extra space expense and whichshipments must in the spare bedroom. be paid by you. By and large, you’ll It is generallyagreed that room This Trip Can Be Costly find such offices most eager to help, can be found for one or more of the If concurrent travel is not granted, followingitems: Sewing machine, The bizarre and often fatal effects you will be placed on a waiting list vacuum cleaner, record player, tape of the drug compound lysergic acid for government quarters at your re- recorder.Bring along sleds and diethylamide-LSD-are discussed quest after you arrive in Adak. bikes, but not ice skates, for the kids. in a 97-minute lecture-on-film pro- You may then submit an Applica- Personalfurniture and appliances duced by the Bureau of Medicine tion for Transportation of Depend- which are similar to ‘government and Surgery. ents (DD Form 884) theto furnished items, and other items for Using a chalkboard andother Commandant, 13th Naval District, which you will not have room should graphic aids, Commander Walter F. via the Commandant, 17th Naval beplaced in storagein the States. Miner,MC, USN, outlines the his- District. After you advancehigh This storage is furnished at govern- tory, use and effects of LSD, and enoughon the housing list tobe- ment expense. makes it clear that BuMed believes come eligible for assignment, Corn13 A limitedA quantity of china, anyonewho has taken thedrug will be notified by message. Corn13 kitchen utensils and bedding is avail- couldbecome insane long after the will then takenecessary action to able until yourown arrives. Bring immediate effect, or “trip,” has providetransportation for yourde- ended. along table silver, curtains, linens, pendents.They will travel from ironingboard, wastebaskets, table Appropriately titled “LSD,” the Seattle to Adak via commercial air. china, vacuum cleaner, radio(short filmwas shot incolor at Pearl Har- Bear in mind that only 66 pounds of bor, Hawaii. Dr. Miner has since wave is useful), pluspictures and baggage is allowed per person. knickknacks.Don’t worryabout beenassigned to residency training Autos-Ifyou have a family you lawn mowers and garden tools. Some in public health at the NROTC unit, need an automobile and, under any optimistsbring outdoor barbecue Berkeley, Calif. grills. Prints of the movie have been dis- circumstances, a car is highlyde- tributed to naval district libraries sirable. Climateand roads being Dependents‘ Travel-Whenyou and training commands,with addi- what they are, choose one that has receiveorders for Adak,you will tional prints tobe made available a minimum of chrome and ginger- haveto decide whether the family Navywide. bread, and be sure that it is in good

50 ALL HANDS mechanicalcondition. Repair and Normal uniforms for enlisted per- sion except for certain limited situa- maintenance facilities arelimited sonnelare service dress blue and tions such as athletic events.HOW- and if youcan’t getparts through undress blue. Dungarees may be ever, department heads may author- normalmail order channels, you’re worn whenauthorized by thede- ize civilian clothing for off-duty going to walk. Snow or studded tires partment head. Watch caps are per- employment. are recommended; the tubeless types mittedduring the winter. Shortly after your arrival you will are not. The car shouldbe nnder- Marine Corps personnel wear win- beissued appropriate foul weather coated;bring snow chains. The car ter service A all yearexcept for gear. The exact amount and type of should be as waterproof as possible duties requiring the utility uniform. clothing will depend largely upon because of the wind-driven rains the kind of work you will be doing. Civilian Clothing-Officers and en- and lack of garage space. listed personnel in paygrades E-4 PersonalClothing for Dependents Onlyregular gasis available. It and above may wear civilian clothing “Adak is not a perpetual icebox. costs about25 centsper gallon. duringoff-duty hours. Those below With a fewjudicious additions, the If you are a PO3 (with more than E-4 are notpermitted to wear or presentwardrobe of yourdepend- four years’ service) or above, you have civilian clothing in their posses- ents should do well enough. are eligible to ship your car to Adak atgovernment expense. Cars must bedelivered tothe NavalSupply Depot,Pier 91, Seattle, Wash., for shipment.Shipping time is approximately three weeks. Submit one copy of Motor Vehicle ESSA Probes Ocean Depths ShipmentApplication (DD Form 828) and four copies of your orders The geography of the Pacific Ocean is more shipfound the sea floorhad been raised in a to the Naval Supply Depot, Seattle. irregularthan it wos believed to be,accord- seriesof step-like formationsapparently ex- ingtoinformation gathered by the Environ- tendingfrom north tosouth and ranging in BuPerspermission is requiredto mental Science Services Administration(ESSA) heightfrom 900 to 1200 feet. drive upthe Alcan highway. It is Coast and Geodetic Surveyship USCBGSS In eachcase, seamounts werefound along- notpossible to ship a carfrom the OCEANOGRAPHER (OSS 1). side the highestportion of the steps-”adecid- Alaska mainland, but it may be The ocean bottomhas more rock formations edly unusualrelationship based on present shipped from Kodiak at government and mountainsthan ESSA researchers expected knowledge of the ocean basins. expense. while sediment, a general characteristic of Parts ofthe South Pacific ocean basinwere ocean bottoms, was foundonly in pockets. found to be as much as 3000 feet deeper than A list of used autos for sale is pub- Much of the South Pacific wasalso found to had been previouslyknown from data published each weekin the station pa- deeperbe thanpreviously suspected ond lished on nautical charts, ond o mountain range per, the Adak Sun. As a rule, from marked with unusualfeatures which still can’t about 180 mileswide was located west of the five to 10 cars, from 1955 to 1965, be explained. crest of the East Pacific Rise,which extends areadvertised weekly, ranging in For exomple, giant-sized fractures created alongside the west coasts ofSouth and Centrol price from $200 to $700. years ago by subterranean shifts extended from America and intoCalifornia. Base registration requires proof of northtosouth rather than east towest as A rock mass designated as PodestaIsland similarformations in the North Pacific usually and reported os rising 40 feet above sea level ownership, liability insurance of do. was nowhereto be foundat the location in- $15,000/30,000, with property dam- Twenty-fivepreviously unreported under- dicated on nautical charts. age of $5000, and a valid driver’s water mountains(seamounts) were also located. Theisland was, in fact, simply nowhere to license fromany state. Liability in- Eleven of them ranged in height from one to be found-anywhere. Nevertheless, the loss of surance may bebought locally for two miles above the ocean floor. PodestaIsland was nearly compensated by the about $25 per year. The car should In many places, the oceanographic survey discovery ofpreviously unknown rock masses beregistered atthe Security Office some of which reached within 1800 feet ofthe surface. withintwoworking days after OCEANOGRAPHER obtained a continuous pro- arrival. file of the ocean bottom from the Kermadec Trench, 350 milesnorth of Wellington,New Uniforms - Authorizeduniforms Zealond,to the continental shelf off Valpamiso, vary with the season, type of work, Chile. and working and non-working hours. Duringits round-the-world research trip, For officers and CPOs, the uniform OCEANOGRAPHER probed the ocean bottom of the day is service dress khaki be- withits electronic equipment. Sonar and a tween l May and 31 October, serv- variety of geophysical devices which plumb ice dressblue from 1 Novemberto both the bottom of the ocean and the rock beneath were used. 30 April. Servicedress blue is op- Satellitenavigation, together with precise tional duringthe summer. soundings from a narrow beamecho sounder Working uniforms include service werealso used and providedextremely high dress khaki (coat optional), tropical accuracy for the ship‘s findings. khaki long, workingkhaki, aviation green and working blue. Women officerswill wear the appropriate corresponding uniforms.

APRIL 1968 51 As summer is comparatively cool Joseph P. Fitzgerald, RMl, USN picnic area has been established near andthe winters only moderately the boathouse.Two bowling alleys cold, the over-all emphasisshould (eight and 10 lanes), a roller skat- be on water- and wind-repellent fall ing rink, gymnasiumand an indoor weight clothing. Awarm overcoat golf drivingrange open further or parka isalmost a must. So are choices. SpecialService? facilities heavy-soled shoes, raincoats, galoshes providefor auto repairs, photog- and headgear. raphy, ceramics, leather work, model Heavyclothing is not really building, and rock cutting and pol- needed for daily living routine, but ishing. There is a scuba diving club outdoor activity makes it advisable and a squaredancing club. to bring woolen suits, sweaters, heavy garments, mittens and gloves. Churches-Religious services are At the other end of the scale, your heldregularly by a Protestantand wife may wantto bring summer a Catholicchaplain. Programs of clothes, slacks, swimming suits and religious education,adult and chil- "How arew your karate lessons coming, Sir?" hats.There are occasional formal dren'schoirs, youthfellowships and parties. otherchapel activities includethe Mail order service from the Wash- A child carecenter for children whole family. Jewishpersonnel are ington-Oregonarea is availableand from six weeks oldto six years old servedthrough aprogram of lay widely used. Shipping time approxi- is available five days a week.Eve- leadership and by visits from an Air mates four to six weeks. ning baby-sitters are also available. Forcerabbi from Elmendorf AFB, ATeen Club for youngsters be- Anchorage.Church of Christ and Employment for Dependents-The tweenthe ages of 13 and 19 is LatterDay Saints services are also naval station employs dependents in maintained. The club has snack bar held. a variety of clerical positions under facilities, a jukebox and,on occa- Civil Service. Contact the Industrial sion, live music. It is self-supporting Hunting and Fishing--Game con- Relations office. Thereare also jobs and collects membershipdues. sists of caribou,ptarmigan, geese, in the retail sales store, laundry and ducks,and seal. Fishing is fair to childcare center of the Navy Ex- Recreation-Adak maintains a good, with salmon and trout fishing change and Special Services. wide range of recreational facilities. verypopular. Recreational leave Special Services has issue equipment may be taken to the mainland where Off-Duty Air Travel-Military per- for basketball, softball, badminton, you will find plenty of hunting and sonnel, civilian employees and de- boxing, skiing, skeet shooting, hunt- fishing. pendents are authorized space-avail- ing, fishing and horseshoes. able travel on MAC and government Medical-Although adequatefa- There is an indoor swimmingpool, aircraft to and from Anchorage once cilities are available for routine med- a 23,000-volume library, and a ical care, obstetrics and emergency each quarter. You must be in a leave theaterwhich offers two shows status and your dependents may not surgery for yourdependents, there nightly and weekendmatinees. An travel withoutyou. Occasionally, areno medical specialties available indoor rifle and pistol range is avail- except for generalsurgery. Major round trips toJapan are available, able as well as an outdoor rifle and but only one trip every 18 months is elective surgery is notperformed. skeetrange. permitted. Laboratory tests and drugs are also Boating is popular during the sum- limited. NavyExchange and Commissary mer months at Lake Andrews and a To obtainspecialized care, it is -The customary amenities are main- necessary for patients to travel 1200 tained.The Navy Exchangeoper- c harleyWise, HMCS, USN miles to Anchorage and dependents ates two retail stores, a tailor shop, may be liable for the cost of their cobbler shop, two snack bars, barber own transportation. shops, beauty shop, laundry and dry- Dependentswho wear glasses cleaning plant, a garage and service with corrective lenses are advised to station, EMclubs at the naval sta- have a current eye examination and tion andcommunications station. bring extra pairs of glasses or make Radio, TV and watch repair service arrangements for replacements. is available. There isalso a liquor All dependents must have medical package store. clearance from the Naval Station be- Cannedand frozen produce and fore entry approval can be granted. dairyitems are alwaysavailable at Thiscan be done by forwarding a the commissary.However, some medical history and medical and fresh produce and dairy products are dentalexamination forms for each available although in limited quanti- dependent. These forms may be ob- ties because of the longshipping tainedby writing to the Medical time,and biweekly ship arrivals. Officer, U. S. Naval Station, Box 11, Prices are aboutthe same as those "What sign?" FPO Seattle 98791.

52 ALL HANDS Dental-Dependent care is lim- Joseph P. Fitzgerald, RMl, USN Alaska On-Base Schools, Pouch7019, itedto emergencies and necessary Anchorage, Alaska 99501. dentalmaintenance. Missing teeth Welcome to Adak. neednot have been replaced with prostheticappliances; however, the Replenishing the Pac dentaldepartment will not be able to provide this service. SERVPACmobile support ships An orthodontistfrom Elmendorf completed a busy year of replenish- AFB periodically visits Adak for con- ments in Western Pacific during 1967. sultation and adjustment of ortho- Theirnearly 9200 transfers con- donticappliances thatare already stitute a marked increase over 1966‘s beingworn. However, this arrange- total of 7514underway replenishment is temporary and cannot be de- ments and is more thanthe com- pendedupon as continuing a mand has achieved previouslyin any L service. of its 26 years. Three other records were also set Leave-Leavewill begranted during 1967-transfers of aminuni- . whenever possible. Militaryperson- tion, provisions and ship fuel. On nel are permitted to travel via MAC theother hand, 1966 was the big and government aircraft on a space- year for general consumables, spare available basis. However, proof of I parts and jet and aviation fuel. “As I wastyping your seventh rough draft, Ammunition unreps reached financial ability to travel bycom- I noticedthere was a wordon page two mercial aircraft maybe required. andanother on poge six that you didn’t 117,893 short tons; 26,250 short tons Commercial travel, roundtrip, be- change.” of provisionswere highlined and tween Adak and Seattle costs $270 442,008,000 gallons of fuel oil went (militarystandby). School, Box 34, FPO Seattle 98791 through the hoses in 1967. Stores figures finished at9278 for further information. Schools-Adakis part of the tons, 22tons less than 1966.Not Alaska On-Base school system, which Dependent Teachers-There is no quite 147 million gallons of jet fuel means thatthe schools arelocated policy in effect restricting the hiring went to carriers in the South China onmilitary bases and are operated of dependents as teachers. However, Sea, 10 million less than in 1966. by the state of Alaska. They are not applicantsmust qualify for an The Service Force is the primary connected with the military overseas Alaskan teaching certificate before naval logistics commandof the Pa- school system. being offered a contract. cific Fleet. It is composed of 60,000 Oneach base there is a local Formore information and appli- menattached to 124 ships of 24 superintendentwho has administra- cation forms writeto the Adak school different types, 26 major shore facili- tive supervision.Teachers are certi- superintendent or tothe Director, ties and 11 MCBs. fied by the state department of education in Juneau, as are all teachers in Alaska. The Adak school is physically and administrativelydivided on a 7-6 NROTC, Jr. plan, witha school enrollment of about 600. The upper six grades are Theinterest of young people in the sea, sea- JuniorNROTC training emphasizes academic achievement, fitness, appearance and conduct, housed in a new addition which in- manship and the Navyhas been demonstrated over the yearsby growing participation in and includes classroom subjects innaval orien- cludes a gym, shop and laboratories. ”juniorNavy“ programs such as the Sea Ex- tation and seamanship, oceanography, as- The elementary grades are housed plorers, Sea Cadets, Shipmates and Mariner tronomy, meteorology, navigation and piloting. in an older building next to the new Girl Scouts. One of the newerprograms for Theunits are staffedby retired Navymen ap- wing. Most studentseat lunch in Navy-minded youngsters is ahigh school ver- proved bythe Chief of Naval Personnel for the school cafeteria. Students do well sion of the Reserve Officer Training Carps. employment asinstructors. The Navy and the onstandardized tests as a rule, test- Establishedunder the ROTCVitalization Act schools share in instructorsalary expenses. . Studentsare showing considerable interest ingsomewhat above the national of 1964,Junior NROTC training isnow included in the curriculum of many publicand in theJunior NROTC. For example, morethan average inmost areas. Elementary private secondary schools throughout the 200 young men atSt Joseph‘s Regional High teachers average about 25 pupils per UnitedStates. School in Montvale, N. J.,were eager tojoin e class;junior highabout the same; Young men who participate in the program the unit established attheir school this year. and high school, somewhat less. and complete three academic years(96 hours Since 1966,when the firstfour Navy units Standard courses are offered in the each) of instruction may be granteda one-year wereestablished ot schools Texasin and upper grades, although the small en- waiver of NROTC instructionwhen they enter Louisiana. the programhas expanded to 39 rollment limits the elective offerings. college. Those who do not goon to college units already organized, with 32 others planned may be eligiblefor special advancement con- for thenext school year.Long range plans call Graduationrequirements meet the siderations if they decide to enlist in the Navy. for 275Junior NROTC units by July 1971. Alaska minimum. Parents of highschool students are encouraged to write to the Adak

APRIL 1968 53 - - THE 8UllIFTfN BOARD Navy Prep School Can Be Start of Your New Career EACHYEAR, the Secretary of the view thesemen on most points forthree or more units of English Navy may appoint 85 men from concerning their eligibility. Later, and a minimum of two units of col- the Regular Navy andthe Marine they will be interviewed by a board lege preparatory math. Corps toattend the U. S. Naval which evaluates motivation, educa- Navymen selected for the 1968 Academy. An additional 85 mem- tional eligibility andother factors prep school class must have at least bers of the Naval and Marine Corps before recommending enrollment in two years of obligated serviceon 1 Reserves (including those on inac- the prep school. Ju1 1968. Prep school graduates who tive duty) may also be appointed. Qualifications for enrollment in the enterthe Academyalso musthave These men are nominated by their prep school and later admission to at least two years of active obligated commands after a thorough screen- the Naval Academy require thatmen service on 1 Jul 1969. ing process. Those who are ulti- cohpeting for SecNav appointments Enlistments or active duty exten- mately selected must first meet the be U. S. citizens who enlisted before sion agreements, of course, are Academy’s entrancerequirements 1 Jul 1968, and are between 17 and acceptablewhen needed to comply and earn anacceptable score in a 19 years of age on thatdate. The with this requirement, and such competitive examination. combined GCT/ARI score of pro- agreements may be executed for To prepare its men for the ex- spective students cannot be less than periods of less than one year. amination andto refresh them 120. BuPersNotice 1531 of 19 Jan academically for the Academy’s re- Appointees must be of strong 1968, which contains information on quirements, nominees from the Reg- moral character, strongly motivated the SecNav nomination for the U. S. ular Navy are normally sentto the toward a career as a naval officer and Naval Preparatory School andthe U. S. Naval Preparatory School at must never have been married. Naval Academy, has a word of ad- 13ainbridge, Md. From a physical standpoint, candi- vice addressed tothe Navymen Attendance theat preparatory datesare required to have, among selected toattend the prep school: school is not compulsory for mem- other qualifications, 20/20 vision, Applyalso for Congressional nomi- bers of the Naval and Marine Corps although those who are outstanding nation after selection tothe prep Reserves. Nevertheless, Reservists may be accepted with 20/40 vision, school. Such a nominationwill im- who attendthe prep school have a provided itis correctible to20/20. prove admission opportunity. better chance of success in the Naval Visual deficiency, however, must be When a manenters the prep Academy competition. formally waived before a man will school, $37.50 is withheld from his This year, the preparatory school be admitted to theNaval Academy- monthly pay to ensure that he will will convene on 28 August and regardless of hisabilities. have the $300 required for entry to courseswill continuethrough May Academically, prep school stu- the Academy. Advances in pay be- 1969 for students who seek admis- dents who are appointedto theNaval fore transfer tothe prep school, sion to the Naval Academy the fol- Academy must have at least 15 ac- therefore, are not recommended. lowing June. ceptable college preparatory units, Another suggestion for thepro- Applicationsfor the Naval Acad- four and one-half of which may be spective prep school students-have emy (andthe preparatory school) earned at the prep school. Students a positive leave balance upon enroll- arebeing solicited throughout the must have earned at least a C in a ment, so that normal oremergency Navy-includingservice school and course if the credit is to be accept- leave requests may be approved. recruit training commands. In fact, able. Candidates are not allowed to have recruits andother relatively new Other academic requirements call a minus leave balanceupon admis- Navymen are especially encouraged sion to the Academy. to step forward. As mentioned before, BuPers CharleyWise, HMCS, USN Applications for a SecNav appoint- Notice 1531 of 19 Jan 1968 hascom- ment to the Naval Academy and the plete information concerning nomi- U. S. Naval Preparatory School must nation of candidatesfor the Naval be submittedto the Officer in Academy program andthe U. S. Charge, U. S. Naval Preparatory Naval Preparatory School. School, Bainbridge, Md. 21905. Enclosures to this Notice include: Mostof the applications must be A sample format for a letter of submitted by 1 May. application. Enlisted menwho receive Presi- A sample format for C. 0. en- dential Congressionalor nomina- dorsement. tions to the Naval Academy or who A guide for use by the interview were nominated because theyare board. sons of a deceased or disabled vet- This enclosure is of particular in- eran or a Medal of Honor recipient terestto applicants who want an can apply for admission to the prep advance notice concerning factors for school as late as 1 August. which the board is looking. Commanding officers of applicants “I hopeyou won‘t be disappointedwith Sample letterrequesting a for SecNav appointments will inter- duty in ShoreParty.” transcript is also included.

54 ALL HANDS Service Lapel Button and one blue star designating membersin which, of course, should occupy the the service and one gold star with a position of honor. ServiceFlag Authorized blueborder for deceasedmembers. TheDepartment' of Defensede- For Family Members The appropriate arabic numeral will fines members of the immediate fam- A service lapel button and service be placed under each star. The gold ily entitled to wear the service lapel flag were recently authorized by the star, if used, should be closest to the button and to display the service flag Department of Defense for display flagstaff. as including the wife, husband, during hostilities by members of the The service flag should be shown mother,father, stepmother, step- immediate family of active duty serv- respect similar to that shown the flag father,parents through adoption, ice men and women. A service flag of the United States. It shouldnot foster parentswho stand in loco was also authorized for organizations be employed in advertising or as an parentis, children, stepchildren, chil- havingmembers on active military article of clothing andthe flag's dren through adoption, brothers, sis- duty. designshould not be used on such ters, half brothers and half sisters of The design for the service lapel disposable items as boxes and paper men and women on active'duty dur- button is basically the same as was napkins. ing a period in which the United authorized during World War 11-a Whenthe service flagisflown States is engaged in hostilities. blue star bn a white field surrounded from the same staff as theUnited Organizationswhich may display by a red border. States flag, it may be equal in size to the service flag includechurches, The lapel button is rectangular, but not larger thanthe U. S. flag schools,colleges, fraternities, sorori- measuring three-sixteenths by three- eighths of aninch. Only one blue star will appear on the lapel button regardless of how many members of the wearer'sfamily are on active A duty. The goldstar lapel button his- torically wornby immediate family members of servicemenwho died while on active duty during hostilities is still authorized. Persons eligible to wear both the blue and gold star lapel buttonsmay wear them simultaneously for two different famd ily members, A gold star is not authorized as part of the service Blue star on white Gold star superimposed Gold star nearest lapel button. rectangular field on blue star, forming staff. The service flagis similar tothe within red border. blue border. lapel buttonin design, shape and color. It may be displayed horizontally or vertically in such places as a window or from a staff by the immediate family members of active duty servicemen or by organizations having employees or members on active duty. Oneblue star for each military family member is authorized on the family flag. A gold star of smaller size is superimposed on the blue star Service flag for Service flag for organiza- Service flag for organ- to indicate family members who died immediate family, tions, vertical position, ization,gold star a- vertical position. blue star with arabic nu- boveblue star, with on active duty during hostilities. merals below star. blue arabicnumerals Blue stars on a family flag will be belowboth stars. arrangedwith one point up; one above the other when the flag is in a vertical position. Smaller gold stars, if used, should be superimposed beginning above the blue star or stars if the flagis displayed vertically or next to the flagstaff end if displayed Service lapel button, blue Gold StarLapel Button. As horizontally. star on white rectangular authorized by Congress, a gold Organizations displaying the serv- field within red border. star on a purple disc within a ice flag to honor employees or mem- wreath of gold laurel leaves. berson active duty will haveonly

APRlL 1968 55 ties, societies and places of bushes? porarily frustrated. Although he had List of New Motion Pictures with which the member of the armed notbeen through gunnery training Available to Ships and forces Cas 6r is associated. or aerial observation school,as had Both flags and lapel buttons will the other air crewmen, he saidhe Overseas Bases heproduced by manufacturers li- “kept working and did a lot of talk- The list of recentlyreleased censed by theDepartment of De- ing.” Finally, he was given a chance 16-mm feature movies available fense And the design and color of the to fly with Detachment Four, which from the Navy Motion Picture Serv- products will be in accordance with is comprised of two Huey gunships ice is publishedhere for shipsand DOD specifications. Both the lapel and faur flight crews operating from overseas bases. button and the flag will soon be avail- a modified LST. Movies in color are designated by able through commercial Sources. Johnson proved to beone of the (C) andthose in wide-screen The flag and the lapel button are squadron’sbest gunners and target processes by (WS) . authorized for useonly duringa spotters, and was soon accepted as a Rosie (WS)(C) : Comedy period of hostilities inwhic) the full-fledged Huey crew chief. Drama; RosalindRussell, Sandra United States is engaged. The serv- Before a flight, he checks the air- Dee. ice men and women represented by craft from one end to the other. He In the Heat of theNight (C): the stars on the service lapel button goesover the hydraulic, fuel, Drama; Sidney Poitier, Rod Steiger. and service flag must be serving ‘on weapons and electrical systems, and You Only Live Twice (WS) (C) : active duty during the period of hos- examines the skin for structural Melodrama;Sean Connery, Akiko tilities in which the flag is displayed damage. Wakabayashi. and the lapel button is worn. Duringa mission, Johnson is sta- The Spy in the Green Hat (C): tioped at the Huey’s open left door. MysteryDrama; Robert Vaughn, Flying Cook He flies between 60 and 80 hours a DavidMcCallum. Utterly fascinated, Commissary- month. CoolHand Luke (WS)(C) : man First Class William H. Johnson Workingoutside hiscommissary- Drama; Paul Newman, George Ken- listened to thetable talk of the man rate is notnew to Johnson. nedy. UH-1B Huey gunship crewmembers. During a tour with the Seabees, he Robbery (C): Melodrama;Stan- Man, that was.really living! spent hisoff-duty hourslearning to ley Baker,Joanne Pettet. It took only two months after he drive heavy construction equipment. The Hostage (C): Drama;Don arrived in Vietnam for Johnsonto Before arriving in Vietnam last Q’Kelly, Dean Stanton. decidehe wanted a piece of the May,Johnson servedwith the The Hills Run Red (WS)(C) : action, too. Mess hall duty at Vung AtlanticFleet Lorac Support Team Western;Thomas Hunter, Henry Tauheadquarters appeared pretty and helped set up navigation aids Silva. tame after hearing the stories told for shipping. Hour of theGun (WS)(C) : bymembers of LightHelicopter However,Johnson insists that Western;James Garner, Jason Ro- SquadronThree (HAL 3). he’ll neverchange his rate. “I’ve bards. The first step was a request for always liked tokeep busy and try Last of the Renegades ( WS) (C): dutywith theHAL 3 maintenance different things, but I like being a Western; Lex Barker,Anthony crew. The answer was a firm “No.” cook.At least I know wheremy Steele. Not qualified. No experience. next meal is coming from.” A Man For All Seasons (C): He didn’t like it at the time, but “TomWalton, JO1, USN. Drama;Wendy Hiller, Paul Scho- todayJohnson is the first toadmit field. thatthe powers-that-bewere right. The Mummy’s Shroud (C): Melo- So hestarted hanging around with drama;Andre Morell, John Phillips. the Huey line crews during his off- The Ballard of Josie (WS) (C) : duty hours. ComedyWestern; Doris Day, Peter “Whenthey saw I was really in Graves. earnest, I had about 15 guysin Games (WS)(C) : Drama; Si- variousaviation fields helping me, mone Signoret, James Caan. and for a solid monthlearnedI Bonnie and Clyde (C): Melo- everything I couldabout theHU- drama;Warren Beatty, Faye Duna- 1B.” way. He then took theplane captain The Destructors (C): Adventure test, passed it, andagain requested Drama; Richard Egan, John Ericson. transfer from the mess hall. This Maroc 7 (WS) IC) : Melodrama; time it was granted. GeneBarry, Elsa Martinelli. Working with Hueys at the head- GentleGiant (C): Drama;Den- quartersbase, Johnson occasionally nis Weaver, Vera Miles. flew out of VungTau. However, COPTERCOOK - Commissaryman The St Valentine’sDay Massacre what he really wanted, he said “was (WS) : Melodrama; Jason First Class William Johnson, makes (C) to fly combat patrols with one of the H. Robards, George Segal. morning check to be sure seven detachments out in the field.” UH-1B Matchless (C): Melodrama;Pat- Johnson’s ambition here was tem- Huey helicopter is ready for mission. rickQ’Neal, Ira Furstenburg.

56 ALL HANDS Proiect Transfer: Guideline from Military to Civilian life

UIDING honorably discharged serv- service remaining may receive train- ployed ashore. when a direct relation- G icemen into civilian employment ingat a transition site for as much ship exists between a Navy skill and is a concern shared by the President, time as they have left. itscivilian counterpart, dbcupation. the armed services and agencies of The process of becoming a Transi- Formal Navy school courses will also federal, state and local governments. tion Trainee begins six months before be used to instruct men incivilian The most concerned of all, of the end of a man's obligated service skills provided thereare quotas course, is the serviceman himself. when he is interviewed concerning available. He wants to know what civilian jobs his intention to reenlist. In subjects where there isinsuffi- are available and whether he is Those who select separation rather cient demandto start a classj self- qualifiedfor the job he seeks. He than continued Navy servicewill paced learningwill enable trainees to also wants to know where the jobs then be interviewed concerning their study on their OWL time. are and how he can get one. need, as civilians, for further educa- In many occupations, there is such When it comes to locating a civil- tion and training. Consideration will a great demand for workers that fed- ianjob, Navymen arefortunate be- also be given to selecting a domicile eral, stateand local governments cause most Navy-acquired skills have where employment is available. provide free training. TheDepart- a direct application to civilian occu- During their interviews, transition ment of Health, Education and Wel- pations. What's more, Navy ratings counselors can ascertain the depart- fare, for example, trains men for can easily be equated to civilian jobs ing Navyman's need for education occupations which Department of simply by consulting the Labor De- and training to suit him for a civilian Labor surveys indicateare in great partment's Dictionary of Occupa- job. demand. tional Titles. The Navyman also learns things When the Department of Health, Despite this primary advantage, from these interviews. He learns, Education and Welfare or state agen- Navymen entering civilianlife fre- for example, whattraining is avail- ciesfind that military trainingpro- quently are uncertain concerning the ableat transition sites and about grams are not geared to meet civilian kind of work they should do, what training offered by industry, business job requirements, it furnishes in- jobs are available, thetraining and and labor organizations at or near structors and courses to build upon education they need and how, to ac- the place heselects as his post-service Navy training, thereby satisfying the quire this education and training. home. standards demanded by specific jobs To provideguidance for men Before beingdischarged, each in the civilian economy. This, how- facingthese problems after separa- Navyman willalso learn, through ever, dependsupon funds being tion, the Navy has established a pro- counseling, what benefits are avail- made available for such purposes and gram appropriately called Project ableto him through GI legislation coordination with the Department of Transition. and how he can obtain thesebenefits. Labor. Under the program, short-timers His counselors will also show him Getting a jobis, of course, the from Fleet units and overseas bases what employment opportunities ex- most important consideration for the can betransferred to one of 14 ist throughout the United States and recently discharged Navyman and transition sites (see box) from 10 to informhim of placement services Project Transition has a number of 90 days before their active obligated available through the U. S. Employ- contacts which offer employment. service expires. ment Service as well as other public For example, the Post Office De- Navymen returning from Vietnam andprivate employment organiza- partment, the Civil Service Commis- with six months or less of obligated tions. sion andthe civilian personnel Although all about-to-be-separated Billups E. lodge,CDR, USN Navymen will receive counseling and Melville C. Murray, LT, SC, USNR job referral services,selection for trainingat a transition site will depend first upon whether a man wants the training. If he does, he will be given a priority (see box) and measured for aptitude and interest, after which his place of civilian residence will be considered in relationship to the availability of employment. The kind of training and/oreducation he needs to acquire the job he wants will also be considered. Men orderedto a transition site will be scheduled for trainingat existing Navy facilitiesor under the auspices of publicand private

"It's iustmy luck that it was my billet that agencies. "Nowthis is what I callcivilian substi- had to be civilianized." On-the-job training will be em- tution!"

APRIL 1968 57 agencies of the military department Enteredthe service withno all maintainsurveys to determine The first transition sites have civilian skill and did not acquire a vacancieswhich former servicemen beendistributed throughout the military skill which may be related can fill. country to accommodate the most to a civilian occupation. The Navyis emphasizingeduca- Havymen possible. Thepresent Havea civilian related skill tion for its departing men and Project sites are located at: and desire to upgrade this skill. Transition will provide a man's last NovStaWashington, D. C. NavStoNewport, R. I. Wish to change existing civil- chanceat Navy educationbefore NovStaPhiladelphia, Po. ian related skill. separation. NovStaNorfolk, Vo. All transition trainees will be in- For those having the qualifications NavSta Charleston, S. C. terviewed and counseled and transi- tb enter college, last-minute Navy NAS Jacksonville: Fla. tion counselors will provide training education isless importantthan to 'NavSta Key West, Flo. job referral information before sep- those without a high school diploma NTCGreot Lakes, 111. aration. Eachperson alsowill be NavSto Son Diego, Colif. or a high school equivalency certifi- assisted in preparing a resume for cate (GED). NavStaLong Beach, Calif. NovStaTreasure Island, Calif. job referral usage. The reasonis simple. The man NSCPuget Sound, Wash. who has GED qualification or a high NA5 Pensocola, Fla. school diplomabefore his discharge NAS Corpus Christi,Tex. New Home for Finance Center canbetter exploit the educational The Navy FinanceCenter has opportunities offered through the GI As mentionedbefore, Project moved fromits oldheadquarters in bill. Transition is voluntary. No Fleet or downtownCleveland, Ohio, and is Completion of Navy correspond- overseas personnel will be ordered to now located Cleveland'sin New ence courseswill helpstrengthen a site for training unless he applies Federal Office Building. If you wish skills acquiredby departing Navy- for the program and is eligible to be to contact NFC, you should use the men regardless of their formal edu- separatedunder honorable condi- new address or appropriate telephone cation background. tions. number as follows: Theentire training program of Navymenseeking official guide- Correspondence- ProjectTransition will betied di- lines concerning transfer toProject Commanding Officer rectly to placement. Skills are in Transitioncan find them in BuPers Navy Finance Center demand and nobody will be trained Inst 1510.106, paragraphs Id and 2. New Federal Office Building for a job that does not exist. Thisreference applies to men who Cleveland, Ohio 44199 Navymenmaking the transition are based at shore installations within Telephone (Area Code 216)- from military life todayhave the the United States. Allotmentor Bond Information- advantage of doing so in an era of Article C10317 of the BuPers 522-5705 ( Autovon Code 232-5705) prosperity when there are plenty of Manual contains guidelines for trans- Naval Reserve Drill Pay Informa- jobs available for trained men-with ferring a manmore than 10 days tion-522-5519 ( Autovon Code 232- emphasis on the word trained. before his separation. 5519) Project Transition furnishes a final Several factors willaffect the Retired/RetainerPay Information opportunity to Navymenwho feel amount or type of formal training -522-5530 (AutovonCode 232- they are insufficiently prepared for received by transition trainees. A 5530) the civilian employmentmarket to priority system has been established The Finance Center provides many achieve the civilian skills they need to screen those most in need of for- financial services for Navymen and beforebeing discharged. Responsi- mal training. Preference will be dependents.On request, NFC proc- bility for enteringthe Transition given to men who: esses allotmentchecks for family Program,however, lies strictly with e Weredisabled in combatop- support,savings bond purchases, the Navymanwho is aboutto be erations. insurance premiums and savings ac- separated from the service. Are not eligible to reenlist. counts.During recenta one-year

DON'T ICEolatethat copy of ALL HANDS Magazine. Remember it is intended for 10 Navy readers-sopass it on.

58 ALL HANDS period, NFChad more than one mil- Leroy E. Jones,LTJG, USN A goal of the seriesis to make lion accounts and processed checks young Navymen more aware of the in amounts totaling over $1.5privileges billion. and responsibilities of The Center also audits financial marriage, and to assist older married reports from ship and overseas activ- petty officers in the counseling of ities, pays annuities, settles claims the younger men. for arrears in pay, collects for over- A similarseries of premarriage payments and pays retired Navymen counseling lectures was held aboard andFleet Reservists. Inaddition, Wright last February. It was SO NFC regularly examines the records successful thatthe CO decided to of ship and station disbursing offices. offer another clinic of the same na- The Centerhas a staff of approxi- ture. And if “standing roomonly” mately 900 officers, enlisted men and is any indication of the success of civilians. anything, this series may have to be i offered again in the near future. Twin Palms Has New Look NUC for VP 22 The Twin Palms, a Senior Petty ’I. . . andthen he said,this is portside, patro]Squadron Twenty-Two (vp Officers’Mess (Open)at the Naval see?, you cansee theport!” 22) hasbeen awarded the Navy Station Annex, San Juan, Puerto Unit Commendation for antisubma- Rico, hasbeen recently reopened ante forthe topic, “Goals of rine warfare operations conducted after a Many Marriage.” The second talk also was in the North Pacific last year. patrons have called it one of the delivered by a Reserve chaplain. A citation which accompanied the finest such in the The ship’s chaplain discussed mar-NUCstated that VP 22 advanced Caribbean. riage problems applicable to person- the art of ASW during the operations This ‘Iub, which personnel ne1 on duty in the Navy. Nextin the held from22 January to22 Mar of allservices in pay grades E-5 serieswas a talk bythe ship’s med- 1967. through E-9, is Operated under the ical officer on physical aspects of AllVP 22 personnel who partici- regu1ations Of the Bureau Of marriage.This was followed bypated in the operations areauthor- Personnel. Wright’s supply officer, with a re- ized to wear theNUC ribbon. The traditional ribbon - cutting port on financial affairs in marriage. ceremony to open theclub was a jointeffort. The ribbon was cutby I I the commanding officers of San Juan Naval Station, the Marine barracks, I It‘s New:Meritorious Unit Commendation I and the U. S. Army Forces Southern MUC-A growing number of to any ship regardless of size or type, Command, Puerto Rico. ships and other units active in South- a Marine Regiment, Naval Construc- The Twin Palms accommodates east Asia have received the Meri- tion Battalion, a Navy Air Wing, or 600 persons and has a staff of 28. In torious Unit Commendation,an Marine Air Group, or otherunit of additionto two club pubs, there is award established last year to recog- the naval service, or any component a Windjammer dining room, and a nize valor and meritorious perform- which has distinguished itself, under Hidden Harbor party room. ance undereither combat or noncombat or noncombat conditions, combat conditions. by either valorous or meritorious The MUCjoins the Presidential achievement which renders the unit Standing Room Only Unit Citation (PUC) and Navy Unit outstanding compared to other units Many bachelor Navymen and not Commendation (NUC) as author- performing similar service.” It rates a few of their shipmates who are ized unit awards and, for precedence, just after the Navy Unit Commenda- family men crowdedinto uss ranks immediately below the NUC. tion. Wright’s (CC2) crew’s loungere- Generally, those persons perma- This award may also be conferred cently hearto about the goals, nently assigned or attached tothe upon units of other armed forces of responsibilities, and problems of unit and who were actually present the United States and of friendly married life. Thebig communica- andparticipated in the action for foreign nations serving with the tions command ship’sextensive which the unit was commended are armed forces of the United States. education program was recently ex- entitled to wear the MUC ribbon bar The directive authorizing the pandedto include this form of of green, yellow, blue and red stripes. MUCsays, in justifying this award, counseling. Inkeeping with theother unit “the service performed as a unit must Following opening remarks by the awards no medal is authorized for be of a character comparable to that ship’s commanding officer, a Reserve the MUC. which would merit the award of a chaplain on two weeks’ active duty Recent changes tothe Awards l3ronze Star Medal (or achievement opened the series of five presenta- Malzz~algive details on MUC eligi- of like caliber in a noncombat situa- tions with the topic, “Problems En- bility, awardauthority, and related tion) to an individual.” countered in Teenage Marriages.” administrative procedures. A bronze letter “V”is authorized The great interest he sparked was It is awarded as follows: “In the as a Combat Distinguishing Device evident in the second day’s attend- name of the Secretary of the Navy earned for combat performance.

APRIL 1968 59 TURN THE PAGE -IF is Re THECONSEQUENCES of a discharge only if a study shows it was unjustly plication of a manwho received a under conditions other than honor- or erroneously directed. less-than-honorable discharge. Other able have been underlined in a direc- prejudices in civilian life have been tive that may help some misguided Persons discharged underother- cited in numerous requests tothe individuals think twice before look- than-honorable conditions arelater Navy for changes in the character of ing for a quick way out. permitted to reenlist. unfavorable discharges. Typical A forthcoming BuPersNotice re- WRONG. Exceptions are sometimes statementsare: “Unable to get a minds the Fleet of the Benefits that made under special meritorious cir- job;” “Would like to get married but may be lost because of dishonorable, cumstances, but only after a lengthy don’t feel that I can with this type of bad conduct and undesirable dis- time lapse coupled with an ex- discharge;” “Every time I get a job charges, and emphasizes with case emplary civilian record supporting and my employer finds out about my histories the family, social and em- therequest for anotherchance. discharge, I get fired;” “I can’t get ployment problems that invariably bonded.” result from these types of discharge. Confinement activities canbe de- It’s true that many who have re- Although the great majority of pended upon to recommend that a ceived less-than-honorable discharges Navy men and women need no re- punitive discharge be remitted and havefound employment However, minder of the importance of honor- the man be placed on probation. the prospects for advancement to able service, a few still believe the WRONG. Punitive discharges are positions of responsibility andtrust unfavorable discharge is a quick, remitted on a probationary basis only easy way out of the service and into whenthere is a markedchange in an opportunity-filled civilian life. the prisoner’s attitudeand service However, those who pursue and potential as observed in confinement. receive the less-than-honorable dis- HE NAVY DISCHARGE REVIEW BOARD, charge usually find an unfriendly and A discharge under less-than-honor- andthe Board for Correction of unsympathetic atmosphere, particu- able conditions is not a severe reflec- Naval Records, often receive requests larly when looking for work. It seems tion upon fhe individual and will not from former Navymen who want that nobody wants tohire a man seriouslyaffect a civilian career. their unfavorable discharges changed. who left the service under a cloud. WRONG. This misconception is Here are some excerpts from letters: It’s like having a felony record. considered the most serious. An ad- I enlisted when I was 18. I The new directive on adverse dis- verse discharge may disqualify a man hadn’t got along with my parents, charges was written in an effortto from receiving most of the veterans’ and didn’tlike my hometown. I clear up certain misconceptions. The benefits designed to assist him in re- wasn’t happy and had no goals, but most common misconceptions (re- establishing a civilian career. Edu- figured the Navy had plenty of ap- peat) MISCONCEPTIONS: cation rights, apprenticetraining, peal for a fast operator like myself. federal vocational rehabilitation, hos- I got along pretty well until my The DD, BCD or UD can easily be pital care, and service-connected dis- shipreturned to the States after a changed honorableto (or under ability compensation are among the tour overseas. I got into some big honorable conditions) at a later date. many benefits that may be forfeited. trouble while drinking, and received WRONG. Once a discharge has Civilian employers will more often a general court-martial. been executed, it may be changed than not turndown the job ap- After my release from the brig, I

CIVILOR MILITARY (b ALCOHOLISM 0 USE OF DRUGS * POLICE INCIDENTS 60 ALL HANDS are severely jeopardized. tive on the subjectrecognizes that a Discharges To Avoid In otherwords, many jobs the fewimmature men-the so-called average citizen takes for granted are UDand BCD“strikers”-usually Theseare thethree types of dis- not available to the person who has have no real conception of the last- charge which may be ordered under used his time in the service to burden ingstigma that accompanies anun- conditions other than honorable: himself withan inferior discharge. favorabledischarge. 0 Dishonorable-Mayordered be This can be expected to summarize A reprint of the ALL HANDSchart, only by approved sentence of a gen- the thinking of an employment offi- “Federal Benefits BasedUpon Type eral court-martial. cer: For a goodjob where there’s of Discharge,”NavPers 1740/3 BadConduct-May be ordered competition, why take a chance with ( 10-67), is available. The charts may by approved sentence of a general or a man who has shown himself to be berequisitioned fromCog I Stock special court-martial. . unreliable in the service whenthere (S/N 0105-902-9030)through the Undesirable-May bedirected are many with a fine record to select Naval supply System,using MIL- by administrativeaction of the Chief from? STRIP Form DD 1348. of NavalPersonnel for reasons of Commanding officers havebeen If you want a closerlook atthe unfitnessor misconduct. (The Bu- told to make sure all hands are aware consequences of a punitive dis- Pers Manual, articles C-10311 and of the consequences of a less-than- charge, askyour personnel office to C-10312, cites the authority to issue honorable discharge. The new direc- seeBuPers Notice 1626 series. an undesirable discharge.) I Like u Cuse History - to Prove Your Point I was puton another ship. wentI ness of receivingan “UNDESIR- burgerstand, in a motelkitchen, AOL and got the BCD I wanted. ABLE DISCHARGE”-I hopethe and now I am working at a gas sta- I didn’t sweat it. I was 19, free Board will be merciful in reviewing tion-I work from 8:30 a.m. to from military obligation, and figured my request to have it changed. 10:30 p.m. 1 would very much like that I really had it made. Being immature, I didnot know to further myself, but my discharge When I got home I started learn- the horrible effect it would have on will make this impossible. ingthe facts of life.At first, Ihad my life and on my parents. I am anawful time finding a decent job, sincerely sorryfor thetrouble that Ihave registered with theDraft and when I finally did, my employer I have caused the Navy. Board here but, due to the Undesir- found out about my BCD and fired WhenI arrived home, I thought ableDischarge, I wasgiven a 4F me. That wasjust the beginning of the world was wonderful, and that I classification. In orderto have the my troubles-10 years ago-and that could get a decent job with a decent 4F changed, I was told by the Draft BCD hasbeen dogging me ever wage in orderto help my parents. Board I would have to have my dis- since. Ireceived the shock ofmy life- chargechanged. Under my circum- The next letter is from a man who a reputable company would not hire stances, it is shameful to have a 4F wentout with an undesirable dis- me due to thenature of’ my dis- classification. charge. charge. I amremorseful-very much so Now I fully realize the serious- So far, I have worked at a ham- ---please, please help me.

FAILURESUPPORTTO FAILURE TO 0 PERVERSION 0 POOR ATTITUDE 0 DEPENDENTS PAY DEBTS

APRIL 1968 61

THIS PAGE IS FOR YOU / AN HONORABLE DISCHARGE MEANS.. .

THANKS FROM YOUR COUNTRY, 0 VETERANSBENEFITS COMMUNITY AND YOUR FRIENDS ICs,

TOP REFERENCE FOR 0 A GOOD FUTURE THEREST OF YOURLIFE

0 GOOD EMPLOYMENT PROSPECTS 0 PRIDE IN SELF

APRIL 1968 63 The United States Navy Guardian of our Country TheUnited States Navy is responsible for maintaining control of the sea and is a ready force on watch at home and aver- seas, capable ofstrong action to preserve the peace orof instant offensive action to wan In war. cv HE ELEVATOR OPERATOR said he had never seen such a dive. Itis upon the maintenance ofthis control TI flipped over a couple of times, bounced off a lifeline and thatour country’s gloriousfuture depends. The United States Navy exists to make it so. went in head first. I thought it was all over.” We Serve with Honor Airman, ApprenticeMichael H. Laursen was describing his Tradition,valor and victoryare the Navy’s heritagefrom the past. To these mabe 60-footplunge off the flight deck of the carrier uss RandoZph added dedication, disciplineand vigirance as the watchwords of the presentand fu- (CVS 15) into the Atlantic, ture. At home or on distantstations, we serve with pride, confident in the respect of “I was going aft to elevator number three when it happkned. our country, our shipmates, andour fami- Istepped behind a jet sitting in the ‘pea patch‘ (area where lies.Our responsibilities sober us; our ad- versities strengthen us. planes are parked clear of the landing area). I thought its en- Service to God and Country isour special gine was shut off.” privilege. We serve with honor. The Future of the Navy It wasn’t. It blasted him over the side. TheNavy willalwoys employ new weapons, new techniques andgreater power to Laursen, a 19-year- old “blue shirt” on Raiidolph’s flight deck, protect and defend the United States on the is a pla’he handler. His job is to secure or unfasten aircraft from sea, under the sea, and in the oir. Now and in the future, control of the sea their moorings as they are moved. gives the UnitedStates her greatest advantage for the maintenance of peace and for RandoZph normally operates an antisubmarine air group, but victory inwar. Mobility sur rise,dispersal on this cruise she was substituting for the training aircraft carrier and offensive power are‘the Eeynotes of the newNavy. The roots of the Navylie in a uss Lexington (CVS 16) off the Florida coast. Student pilots strongbelief in the future,in continued dedication toour tasks, and in retlection on were making qualification landings. our heritage from the past. “As soon as I hit the water I started swimming away from the Never hove ouropportunities and our re- ship as fast as I could so the screws wouldn’t suck me under,” sponsibilities been greater. Laursencontinued. “I’ve beenswimming as long as I can remember in the lakes around Minneapolis, so I can swim pretty All UANVS Tk:n:,y;e:: ;$:L$::; solicitsinteresting story material and phata- well.” graphs fromindividuals, shi s, stations, squad- ronsand other sources. AIP material received “The sea was choppy, and the waves were about three feet is carefully considered for publication. abovemy ahead. It didn’t takeme lorig to lose sight of the There’s a good story in every jab that’s be- ingperformed, whether it’s an a nuclear car- ship. My jacket started getting heavy, and I was swallowing a rier,a tugboat, in the submarine service arin lot of sea water.” the Seabees. The man an the scene i5 best qualifiedto tell what’sgoing an inhis outfit.,’ Then Laursen saw the plane guard rescue helicopter from the Stories about routine day-to-day iabsare prab- ably most interestingto the rest of theFleet. carrier hovering over him. Thisis the onlywoy everyone can get a look “I felt muchbetter. It seemed like I just swam farenough at all the different parts of the Navy. Research helps make a good storybetter. By away to let the ship pass, then the helo was there. Just like it tolkingwith people who are closely relatedto was all planned.” the subiect materiala writer is ableto collect marry additionaldetails which add interestand Minutes after he walked into the jet’s exhaust, Airman Laursen understandingto a story. wasback on the flight deck.Resting below decks, hefound Articles about new types trf unclassified equipment, research projects all types ofNavy ar- himself glancing at a watch that still ran and lighting a cigarette signments andduties, ‘academic andhistorical subjects, personnelon liberty orduring leisure with a lighter that still worked. hours, and humorous and interestingfeature The next morning he was up on the flight deck handling air- subjects are all of interest. Photographsare very important, and should craft as usual. accompany the articles if possible.However, a Just like it was all planned. good storyshould never be held back for lack of photographs. ALL HANDS prefers clear, well- identified, 8-by-10 glossyprints, but is not re- *** stricted to use ofthis type. All persons in the photographsshould be dressed smartlyand correctly when inuniform, and be identified by Extensiveresearch in underwater voice communication. is full name and rate or rankwhen possible. Lo- cation and general descriptive information and underwayat the Naval Sdbmarine Medical Center, at New the name of the photographer shouldalso be given.Photographers should strive fororiginal- London. ity,and take action picturesrather than group Aimed toward improving methods of oral communication in shots. ALLHANDS does not use poems (except an underseaenvironment, the research willcover theareas of New Year‘s daylogs), songs, stories on diver-swimmercommunications; speech-enclosed environments change of command, oreditorial type articles. Thewriter‘s name andrate or rankshould (submarine, diving bells); and the effects of water immersion on be included on anarticle. Material timed for a certain date or event should be received verbal communicatidns. preferablyeight weeks before the first day of Topics to be studied include the “Donald Duck” effect (a dis- the month preceding the month of intended publication. tortedspeech phenomenon produced in high-pressure at- Addressmaterial to Editor, ALL HANDS, Pers G15, NavyDepartment, Washington, D.C. mospheres of gases other than normal oxygen-nitrogen airmix- 20370. tures), and research into the restrictive effects of facemasks and other equipment on normal voice movements.

0 AT RIGHT: IN LINE-With one customerloaded and another moving intoposition, Fleet oiler USS Ponchatoulo (A0 148) preparesfor another underway replenishmentin the South Chino Sea.

64 ALL HANDS

Quartermasters: 1 Navymen of ResponsibilitY