24

ANNOTATED LIST OF FOREST I~SECTS OF BHITISH .\E) COLUMBIA PAHT XIV. ENNOMINAE (GEOMETRIU

B . A. SUGDEN'

ABSTRACT larvae of 57 species of forest geometrids are described The mature col­ and their distribution and hosts, as determined from samples briefly re given. lected by personnel of the Forest Insect and Disease Survey, a

2 l1/s inches; The larvae of Ennominae a re often Columbia, rare. LARVA: pale green marked tuberculate, with colors a nd patterns h ead horizon ta l, let ; body slim, pink­ resembling the leaf-stems a nd twigs with pinkish-vio h m edium brown mid ­ of the host trees. Pupation may occur ish -ora ngf' wit s flan ked b y pale manve in foliage 01' ba rk crevices of trees a nd dorsal spot subspiracular area shrubs or in the li tter on the forest patches on AI-8; with violet extend­ floor . Ennominae overwinter as eggs of TI-III s ll ffused rt of legs; anterior or pupae a nd occasionally as partly ing into upper p a Violet, anterior grown larvae. of a bdomina l prolegs with a violet Frequen t outbreaks of severa l of a n a l prolegs marked sh-orange AI-6, re­ ecies of Ennominae h a ve caused line; ve nter pinki sp pale yellow­ damage of economic importance to m a inder yellowish-green, line bordered by ma ture, poles ized a nd r eproduction ish -gr een mid ventral a l lines AI-6. forest trees. deep pink a dventr Brief larval descriptions of Semio­ Deilinia erythema ria Gn. - Salix thisa and Caripeta spp. with notes on spp. Throughout British Columbia, th eir hosts a nd dis tributions were common. LAR VA: 1 inch ; h ead hori­ publish ed earlier in the Proceedi ngs zontal, pale green , lower sides with of the Entomological Society of Brit­ reddish -brown line; body slim, pale ish Columbia (Ross and Evans 1958 gl een , diffused white s ubdors al a nd 1959 ) . s tripes, da rk reddish-brown middorsal ked by paler r eddish-brown ENNOMINAE spots fl an patch es on posterior of TIll a nd AI- - Prunus Bapta semiclarata Wlk . 4, Jess dis tinct on A5-7; subspiracular taegus sp . spp., Amelanchier spp., Cra stripe form ed b y a powdering of red­ (1), Pseudot­ (2 records), Alnus sp. dish-brown spots extending onto up­ Fra n co (2) . suga m enziesii (Mirb.) per legs of TI-IlI, becoming gradually itish Columbia Southern to centra l Br fain ter pos teriorly ; sides of ventral d, common. and V ancouver Islan a nd a nal prolegs marked with pur­ sm a ll, pale LARVA: 1 inch ; h ead plish -brown; ven tel' pale green with ma rkings on green. r eddish-brown yeJlowish-white midventral line. sides extending to vertex; body ro­ st , s mooth; two color phases: (a) Deilinia exanthemata bryantaria bu interior immaculate pale green, anal shield Tayl. - Sa!i:r spp. Throughout xtending to th e marked with r eddish-brown ; (b) pa le British Columbia, e Rupert District, gr een with broken, reddis h-brown a d ­ Coast in the Prince S in central dorsal lin es extending from TIl to app[1rently more numel'OU ions, uncommon . A8; anal si1il'ld a nc1 anal prol egs alld west central port h ead p ale green, markec1 wi th rec1 c1i sh-brown; venter LARVA: 1 ~ 8 inch es; sides; body immaculate. thin reddish line on lower slim, pale green, Al-6 with reddish Deilinia variolario Gn.-Salix spp. micldorsal spots, faint on Al a nd 6; Centra l a nd southern interior British sides of abdominal prolegs m a rked Ih'pal'lJllC'llt of im­ 1 F o r ('~t Ent omoio2.\ J.·d) () r; T() \ 1 () I. . S IW . RI:TT. C or. I · ' II

Betula spp., Salix spp. Central to Dipp. Southern central British Co­ south ern interior and southern coas­ lumbia, rare. LARVA : I Ys inches; tal regions of British Columbia. h ead green; body pale yellowish­ LARVA : I inch; two color phases with green, spiracles pa le yellow. intermediates (a) h ead buff, profusely Itame bitactata Wlk.- Alnus spp. m a rked with dark brown; bod y, dark Southern interior Br itish Columbia, m a uve with small dark brown mid­ uncommon. LARVA: I inch ; three dorsal patch es, bordered laterally color phases: (a) h ead dull or ange with pa le buff on AI-4; indistinct pale with pale tan m a rkings, front mark­ purple a ddorsal lines; irregular brown ed with pale yellow inver ted V; body s ubdorsal lines, outer line darkest; smooth, pale orange with prominent narrow pale buff supraspiracular line da rk brown setal bases, irregular pale bordered by da rk brown; broad pale yellow addorsal lines bisecting in­ cream su bspiracula r stripe; dark dis tinct pale yellow diamond-shaped brown spots caudad of spiracles on pa ttern on AI-5, pale yellow subdorsal A2-5 ; dark brown subventral patches lines; broad yellow subspiracular on AI-5; venter similar to dors um but stripe banded anteriorly with dark pa ler : (b) head pale cream profusely brown on TI a nd AI-8; venter with marked with dull orange; body pale midventral spots on AI-4, TI and AI- yellowish-buff, irregular middorsal, 5 banded with pale brown; (b) dark addorsal and subdorsal lines pa le phase similar; h ead blackish with reddish - brown ; narrow pale yellowish pa le inverted V, gr eenish-gr ey body supraspiracula r stripe bordered above a nd dull black m a rkings; (c) h ead by dark brown and below by ligh t green with pale yellow inverted V on brown lines; broad pale yellow sub­ front; body green with pa le yellow spir acula r strip; prominent dark dorsal lines; pale yellow subspiracular brown subventral patches on AI-5 ; stripe; pale greyish-green oval mid­ th oracic legs marked with dark brown ventral spots on AI-4, greyish-green and prolegs with pale reddish-brown; croch ets on prolegs. venter similar to dorsum, AI-4 with Protitame matilda Dyar-Populus small oval, pale brown midventral tremuloides Michx., P . trichocarpa spots. Torr. & Gray, Salix spp., Alnus sinuata Itame exauspicata Wlk. - B etula (Regel) Rydb. (1 record). Throughout spp., Alnus spp., Salix spp. (2 records), interior British Columbia north to 54° Prunus p ensylvanica L. f. (1) , Corylus latitude and on Vancouver Island, cornuta Marsh. val'. cali/ornica common. LARVA: VS inch; hea d me­ (A.DC) Sha rp (1), interior British dium green marked with pale reddish­ Columbia north to 56° latitude; com­ brown ; body smooth, robust, pale m on. LARVA: I inch; head tan pro­ green; dorsum with a reddish tinge fusely marked with dark brown; dor­ extending to lateral, pale r eddish­ sum of TI-III medium brown with brown addorsal and pale greenish­ indistinct ba nds of da rk brown fl ecked yellow subdorsal lines; indistinct pale with pa le reddish-brown; a bdomen yellowish - g reen supraspiracular m edium brown, irregula r pa le red­ stripe; venter pale green with a yel­ dish-brown dorsal stripe bordered by lowish tinge, immaculate. dark brown, anal shield pale buff with Protitame hulstiaria T ayl.- Popu­ dark brown setal bases; lateral a r ea Ius tremuloides, Salix spp. Interior reddish-brown banded with dark British Columbia north to 56 ° latitude, brown extending to venter, spiracles uncommon. LARVA: VS inch; h ead pale yellow; venter pale reddish­ reddish-brown sides extending to ver­ brown marked with dark brown, A2- tex, fron t green; body smooth , robus t, 5 with la r ge pale reddish-brown mid­ apple - green , broa d reddish - brown ventr al spots bordered by dark brown. dorsal stripe extending to A8 ; sides Itame plumosata B. & McD.- Acer a nd venter immaculate. glabrum Torr. val'. douglasii (Hook.) Itame loricaria julia Hlst.- Popu- J . R \" T O"O I. . Soc. B I

Ius tremuloides, P. tl'ichocal'pa (2 contol'ta, P . monticola Dougl., Thu j a records), Salix spp. (2) . Throughout plicata Donn. Western British Colum ­ British Columbia and on Vancouver bia, Vancouver and Queen Charlotte Island, but most common in the cen­ Islands, common on Vancouver Island, tral and northern Interior. LARVA : uncommon elsewh ere. LARVA: I V2 1 V8 inches ; two color phases with in­ inches ; h ead slightly bilobed, tan termedia tes: (a) head purplish - brown marked with grey; body s mooth, grey­ with tan markings; body smooth, ish shading to brown in ligh ter areas, purplish-brown, pale tan addorsal pale broken addorsal line bordered by lines, banded with dull black except blackish addorsal lines, indistinct on TI a nd III and AI, 8 and 9; dull dia mond pattern irregularly outlined black la teral bands on TIl, III and in black on TIl-III and Al-8, on A2 A2-6 ; spiracles pale yellow encom­ bl ack markings coalesced to create a passed by irregular dull black band; lateral with diagonal line pos­ patches ; irregular subspiracular s tripe terior of spiracles on TI and Al-8, on AI-5; venter pale purplish-brown prominent subspira cular fringe of banded with dull black A2-5 ; (b) head white, palmate setae, 3 to 5 on Al-3; green; body green , pale yellowish­ ven tel' pale yellowish-buff. white middorsal and addorsal lines; Stenoporpia sepa rata ria Grt.­ spiracles pale yellowish-green, pale Pseudotsuga m en zi esii. Southern and yellow subdorsal line; small, midven­ central interior British Columbia, tral spots on AI-4, reddish-brown rare. LARVA : 1% inches ; similar to crochets. S. exce lsal'ia. Larval period for S. Elpiste lorquinaria G n. - Alnus sa t is/acta May-June; larvae of S. spp., Salix spp., B etula spp. (2 rec­ excelsaria occur August-September. ords ). Southern British Columbia and Stenoporpia satisfacta B. & McD. Va n c 0 u v e l' Island, uncommon. - Pseuclotsuga menziesii, Tsuga hete­ LARVA : 1 V8 inches; similar to I. 1. rophylla, Pinus ponderosa, P . monti­ julia. co la, Abies lasi ocarpa. Southern and Stenoporpia excelsa ria Stkr.­ central interior British Columbia, un­ 3 Pseudotsuga m en ziesii, Pinus contorta common . LARVA : 1 / 8 inches; similar Dougl., P . ponderosa Laws. Southern to S. excelsaria. Larval period for S. interior and coastal regions of British satis/acta May-June; la rvae of S. Columbia, uncommon. LARVA: 1% exce/saria occur Augus t-September. inches; h ead slightly bilobed , golden Coniodes plumogeraria Hlst.­ buff marked with dark grey herring­ Quercus garl'yana Dougl., Salix sp. (1 bone pattern on vertex; body robust, record ) , Acel' glabrum val'. douglasii m edium grey shading to golden buff (1). Southern British Columbia and on lighter areas, indistinct pale dorsal Vancouver Island; Victoria, Gold­ line bordered by thin dark grey ad­ bridge, Summit Lake and an adult dorsal lines, irregular diamond pat­ caugh t in flight at Vernon, rare. tern bordered by dark grey on AI-7, LARV A: 1 V2 inches; h ead moderately dark grey bands extending to venter bilobed, pale grey h eavily patterned on AI-8, darkest on A2 and n arrowed with black; body slim, sparsely pilose, on TI-III, prominent subspiracular pale greyish-buff, pale dorsal line fringe of white, palmate setae, 2 to 5, bordered with black on TI-Il and A7- on Al and 3; venter pale yellowish ­ 8, black tuberculate setal bases, ad­ buff, indistinct pink ventral line, setal dorsal t ubercles on Al-3 and 8, most bases outlined with pink. prominen t on A2 and 3; brownish­ Stenoporpia albescens Hlst .-Pseu­ orange pa tch around spiracle and dotsuga menziesi i, Abies amabilis tubercle on AI, prominent spiracular (Dougl.) Forbes, A. grandis (Dougl.) tubercle on AI, prominent spiracular Lindl., Picea sitchen sis (Bong.) Carr., tubercles on A2-3 and less prominent Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg., T . on A7-8; venter pale buff, TI-III and mel'tensiana (Bong.) Carr., Pinus Al suffused with pink, A2-5 broadly .T . I<;:" ] <) "OL. SIlC. B l{fT . C OI.l '":1 .'. 65 ( 1968). A I ·G. 1, 1968 27 banded with black, tubercular black distinct pattern on TI-III a nd A6-S; setal bases. midve ntral tubercles on A2-4, largest Era n n i s vancouverens is Rlst.­ on A3; subven tral fringe of short pale Betula spp., Salix spp., Alnus spp., seta e betwe en prolegs extending onto Acer spp. Central a nd southern Brit­ pos terior of ventral prolegs . ish Columbia, common ; occasionally Phaeoura mexicanario Grt.-Pinus localized infesta tions of short dura­ ponderosa . Southern interior British tion . LAR VA: 1% inches; h ead gra ­ Columbia, ra re. LARVA: 2 ~ -l inches; nulose, pa le tan to dull oran ge; body h ead g r a n u l os e, deeply bilo bed, minutely spiniferoLls, pale gr eenish­ brownish with black and buff mark­ yellow to pale yellowish-orange with ings; body robust , with minute spines, narrow bla ckish lines exten ding to pa le grey m a rked with black, m edium anal plate and coalesced on supra­ brown a nd buff, dorsum of AI-4 with spira cular of AI -S, spicules more pr o­ pale V m arkings outlined with black, nounced on AS a nd a n al plate ; spir­ darker on A5-7, setal bases pale, tu­ a cles yellow with bla ck margins ; ven­ ber culate, subdorsal tubercles on AI- ter immaculate, paler than dors um. 3, largest on A2 , sm a ll a ddorsal tu­ Lycia ursa ri a W l k.- B et u la spp., bercles on AS; la teral flecked with Alnus spp., Salix spp., Popu lus tre­ minute whitish tubercles ; venter paler muloides . Interior British Colu mbia th an dorsum marked with black, TII­ south of 55 latitude, rare. LARVA : III broadly banded wi th bla ck. 2 ~8 inches; h ead rounded, pale mauve Gabriola dyari Tayl.- T suga hete­ spotted with black; body robust, dull rophylla, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Abies purple with small fl a ttened tuber cles amabilis, A. grandis, A . lasiocarpa, on AI-5, reddish-purple addorsal, Thuja pli cata, Picea sitchensis, P . en­ subdorsal, s uprespiracular, spiracular, gelmanni, P. glauca, Pi nus monticola, subventral and adventral s tripes fine­ P . contorta, P . ponderosa, L arix occi­ ly edged with black; venter of TI-III d en t alis. South of 56 ° latitude in and A7-9 pale yellow, TI-III m a rked British Columbia a nd on Vancouver with large midventral spots. a nd Queen Charlotte Islands, com­ Lycia rachelae Rlst.- Alnus spp. mon. LARVA : p ~ inches; two color (3 records), Salix spp. (2), Amelan­ phases: (a ) head medium brown, chier alni/olia Nutt. (1) . Interior sligh tly bilobed, ve rtex sparsely gra­ British Columbia , r are. LARVA : 1% nulose; body stout, rugose, creamy­ inches, h ead whitish mottled with buff marked with brown and black, dark brown; mauve to pinkish-mauve TI-III with indistinct pale middorsal with fine brown maculation, dorsal line, AI , 2, 4, Sand 9 pa le fl ecked lines obscur e; irregular pinkish­ wi th brown, A3, 5-7 darker with + ma uve spiracular stripe fl ecked with shaped pale middorsal m a rks and yellowish - white, prominen t black black diagonal s ubdorsal fl ecks; small spiracles; ven tel' like dorsum bu t tuberculate setal bases , partly fused paler . middorsal tubercles on TIl and AS , Biston cog nata ria (Gn.) - Salix small s ubdorsal tubercles AI-S, prom­ spp., B etula spp., Po pulus tremu loides, inent bilobed spir a cular tubercles TIl A lnus spp., Prunus spp., Larix occi ­ a nd A2-S; broad, irregular crea my­ d entalis, Nutt. (1 r ecord ) . Throughout buff piracular s tripe on TI, AI-5, 7-9 British Columbia and Vancouver Is­ a nd onto a n a l plate ; venter pale land, common. LARVA: 3 inches; brown wi th indistinct midventr al head granulose, deeply bilobed, buff lines; (b) simila r to. (a ) but lacking or grey marked with darker shades of black markings and will dull orange grey, brown or orange; body sparsely repla cing brown gra nula te, variable grey, brown, Euchlaena johnsonari a Fitch ­ orange or green, prominent t ubercles Alnus sin uata. I nterior British Co­ on addorsal TI and s upraspiracular lumbia south of 54 c latitude, rare. A5 less prominent on addorsal AS ; in- LARV A: 1 Ya inches ; head somewhat ] 9ijl) nlThuja plicata, slim twig-like, pa le grey m a rked with T suga heterophylla, a spp., common. medium brown, pink, yellow, white Pinus contorta, Pice sh Columbia and and black; indistinct black dorsal '.i'hroughout Briti LARVA : 1% lines; s mall prominent a ddorsal tub­ Vancouver Island. mauve with black ercles 011 A2-8; black except on A2, inch es ; h ead p a le like pale yellow, yellow bordered wi th black; setal .~ pots; body twig- , with medium bases tuberculate; indistinct bl a ck occasionally greenish a nd black and dull white lateral lines ; venter gr ey, brownish-orange ale s ubdorsal with irregul ar black lines , posterior marki ngs. indisti nct p on A2 , brown of thoracic legs heavily marked with li nes, bl ack dorsal band a reas a round black. cervical shield, pale spiracles on Al- 3; venter p a le, sub­ sirenaria Euchlaena tigrinorio ventral fringe of h a ir-like tubercles, I nter ior British Stkr.- B etu/a spp. a bdominal prolegs on A5 and 6, pos ­ latitude, rare. Columbia south of 54 terior pair larger. LARVA : 11,.,\ inches; h ead pale grey Anthelia toylorata Hlst. - T suga wi th pale pinkish -buff markings and et erophylla . Southwestern British whitish tra nsverse band on lower h Colum bia alld V a ncouver Island, front bordered above with black; ra r e. LARVA : 13 8 inches; simila r to body slim. twig-like, wider anteriorly, the following species : A. h yperbor ea pale wh itish -buff mottled with gr ey, Hlst. (P ersonal comm unication, D. pinkish-brown and black, middorsal Evans, Depa r t ment of Forestry a n d and addorsal lines on TI-III a n d A3- Rural Development. Victoria, B.C. ) 5, indistinct on Al and 2, pa le c h ev­ lst.- T suga s on AS and ';. pale anal plate, Anthelia hyperborea H ron Pseu­ pale trans\ erse ridge border ed with hcLerophylla, T. mertcnsicwa, T huja plicata, black on Al. prominent a ddorsal t ub­ (/o/slIga 1IlC'Il:iesil, . A. gran­ ercles on A5 and 8; broad but indis­ A1J!cs a7l1abi/Zs, A. /asiocarpa cngc/IIlClllni. P . gZauca, P. tinct i)l'O\\'nish s llpra .~pi raclliar band elis. Picl'a II co I/wlllico/a. Salix on TI-III and AI-5. AG-8 11l0Ltiecl with ,,>i/cl/clIsi) , Pill of 56 latitude dark brown ami pinklsh-l)ro\\'n, .~hlJrt .-,pp .. Ai/lll' .'pp. South un Vancouver black spiracuLu t Ll bere IL.~ on A'; -t;: in British Columbia. n Charlotte Islands, com- small ventra tubercle.~ 011 Al-5; tho- am! Quee .I . E:Abies lasiocarpa, adventral spots, dark grey on A . A3-5, grandis, L arix occzdentalis, fused and velvety black on Pinus AI -2; TI­ monticola, II and A7-9 pale buff. P. contorta, Salix spp., AlIw3 spp., B etu la spp. Throughout Anogogo occiduorio Wlk.- Alnus British C olumbia and on Vancouver spp., B etu/a spp., Salix spp. South of Is la nd, mos t common in Columbia 55 ° latitude in Briti:s h Columbia and F'ores t R egion, rare on coast. LARVA: on Vancouver I slan d, uncommon. 1 J,.I inches ; tOlle of m a rkings vari­ LARVA: I 18 inches ; two color phases: a ble; hea d small pale yellow, dark (a) head small, bilobed, pale g rey brown maculation on sides and front; hea vily s uffu :;, ed with purple, indis­ uody s lim, dull white to pale yellow, tinct blackish m a rkings; body pale middorsal line 'l'I to AI , indistinct on gr ey suffus ed with purple, pa le s ub­ TI, pale addorsal and subdorsal lines dorsal stripe on TI-III and AI, one '1'1-Ill extending onto a pex, pair of sm all subdorsal spots A2-9. two prominent, cone-like a ddorsal tuber­ blackish transverse ridge extending cles on Al, four long filaments on A2 to later al on A5 ; sma ll tubercles on a lld 3, two small tubercles fu lateral, TI-III pa le fl ecked with pink­ sed to fo rm a transverse ridge on ish m a uve; ve n ter with s ma ll tube AS, Al r­ mar keel with dull oran cles , black V m a rkings on ge, A2-3 suf­ Al-2 ; (b) fused with pink; s imilar but with bro pale s ubspiracular wn , dull orange li ne TI-III and yellow r eplac extending onto h ead TI­ ing purple, m a uve II and pale grey. and Al-5 indistinctly ba nded, A5 with oblique ma rking, A6 -9 pale; ven­ Hyperetis amicaria H .-S.- Alnus ter ban ded, da rk irregular midven­ .~ pp .. B etula spp. Sali , x spp. (2 rec- tral line with pale margins AI -S. Ol.nJBfA. 65 (1 968)' A UG. 1, 1968 30 .1 . S :,\ T O\I UJ.. SOl". 81m. C venter pale, fine, pink­ Metarranthis duaria septentrion­ III and A5-9; aria B. & M cD .-B etula sp. (1 record), ish maculation. s Populus tremuloides (1), Salix sp. Selenia alciphearia Wlk.-Populu (1 (1). Southern interior British Colum­ tremuloides, A lnus spp., Salix sp. bia and Vancouver Isla nd, rare. record). Throughout British Colum­ LARVA : 1% inch es; hea d slightly bia, including Vancouver Isla nd, r are. bilobed, pale yellow s parsely fl ecked LARV A : 1 Y2 inches; h ead horizon tal with pink, front narrowly outlined and flattened, pale yellow, lower front with dark brown; body robust, pale and sides m arked with dark brown; yellow, medium brown markings with body ,slender to A3 remainder thicker, bluish overtone, indistinct, irregular pale brown, A6-9 greyish , a ll marked dorsal lines , pale inverted U -shaped with darker sh a des of brown, pale ad­ marking on A2 , one pair of small dorsal lines extending onto h ead on whitish addorsal spots outlined with TI-III a nd A6-9; dark brown trans ­ black AI-8, black addorsal tubercles verse ridges wi th one pa ir of small on A8, black line e xtending from addorsal tubercles on A4 a nd 5, ridges tubercles to spiracles on A8; irregular with fine white markings; lateral of yellow lateral lines; pa le yellow ven­ TI-III s uffused with r eddiSh-brown, tral lines, setal bases velvety black wide da rk brown oblique bands on A4 forming band on AI-3. and 5 extending to, and bisecting venter, venter of A2 and 3 with nar­ Metanema inatomaria Gn.-Popu­ rower brown ba nds, pa le yellow mid­ tremuloides, P. trichorcarpa. Ius ventral stripe Al-3 broadly bordered South of 57 ' latitude, interior British with pa le brown. Columbia, rare. LARVA : n~ inches; & R - Alnus head s mall, pa le buff marked with Selenia kentaria G . h Columbia at An­ dark brown, herring-bone pattern on sp. Interior Britis aska Highway, rare. sides; body pale buff marked with nis and Mile 53 Al similar to S . shades of brown and black, pale in­ LAR V A: 1 ~2 inches; one pair of ad­ verted V pattern on AI-3 a nd 5, pat­ alciphearia but with - 3, s mallest on tern coalesced on A3-4 extending dorsal tubercles on Al frosted with grey, obliquely on A4 to subspiracular line, A3 , dark brown dark grey pale middorsal line bordered irregu­ tra nsverse ridges rusty e, venter dark grey larly with black TI-III, pale indistinct m a rked with whit on Al-2. subdorsal lines extending on to ver­ with small tubercles tex; lateral with narrow black line Pero, behrensarius Pack.- Pseudot­ obliquely through spiracles AI-6, da rk suga menzi es ii, T suga h eterophylla, brown subspiracular stripe bordered Thuja plicata, Abies grandis, A. lasio­ irregularly above with a yellow line carpa, A . amabilis, Picea engelmanni, extending on to h ead; venter p a le P . glauca, P . sitchensis, Pinus con­ yellow flecked with pink. torta, P . ponderosa, P . monticola, Larix occidentalis. South of 55 ° lati­ Metanema determ inata Wlk.­ British Columbia and on Van­ spp. Interior British Columbia: tude in Salix Island, common. LARVA : 2 Summit Lake, Mile 53 Alaska High­ couver es; hea d moderately bilobed, way and also recorded from Creston inch llowish-buff marked with brown on (J. R J . Llewellyn-Jones), rare. ye and front; body smooth, slen­ LARVA: l Ya inches; head s mall, flat­ sides , tapering anteriorly, pale grey; tened, pa le buff profusely m a rked der m greyish-brown V m a rkings with brown; body, twig-like, pale dorsu a rkest on TI-III and extending ob­ buff mottled with brown, pale diam­ d ely to venter on AI-7; venter with ond markings on AI, 2, 4 and 5 on liqu irregular midventral stripe. A3 extending obliquely to lateral, one pale Edw. ­ pair of small, flattened dark brown Pero morrisonarius Hy. udotsuga addorsal tubercles on Al to 5; dark T suga h e t erophylla, Pse icea sit­ brown subspiracular line extending m en ziesii, Thuja plicata, P A. on underside of head, da rkest on TI- ch en sis, P. glauca, Abies grandis, ,1, 1'>; '11'\ 101 " SII(, Rill"!, COLI :\lln ,\, 65 ( 1968), At 'G. 1. 1968 31

lasiocarpa, Salix spp" Al nus spp, a ddorsal and s ubdorsal lines; broken, South of 56 latitude in British Co­ irregular, blackish lateral a nd ven tra l lum bia and on Van couver Island, u n ­ lin es. common, LA RVA : 2 inch es; simila r Enypia griseata Grossb ,- Pseudot­ to p , behrensarius but h ead more ~ llga 7Ilen ~iesi i , A bies l asi ocar pa (2 strongly bilobed, pale fawn ma rked records), Pic:e a engelmanni (1), P . with medium brown, lower half of glallca (1) , Central to south ern in­ front pale; body slim with transverse terior Bri tish Col umbia, uncommon, r idge on A8, one pair of prominent LARVA: 11 -1 inches; head sm a ll, pa le subventral tubercles on A2; body green, dark brown ma rkings on upper brownish with paler longitudinal fron t bor cl ering cleavage lin e, sides .shades. rarely with broad alternatin g 01' head suffused with pale reddish­ bands of pale grey and rich brown, brown; body s mooth , pa le green, da rk Pero m izon Rindge-Pseudotsuga green middorsal line, white a ddorsa l me1l.:iesii, Thuja pli cata, T suga hcte­ lines extending onto h ead; white rophylla, South of 56 latitude in spiracular line marked with reddish­ British Columbia and on Vancouver brown on TI -III ; venter with white I.~ land, rare, LARV A: 2 inches; simi­ mid ven tral a nd subven tral lines. lar to P. morrisonarius but lacks Enypia packardota T ayl.- T suga prominent .<;ubventral tubercles on h cter ophylla, T , mertensiana, Pseu ­ A2 ; dorsum of A1 a nd 4 marked with cloLsuga m en:i esii , A bi es amabilis, A . black, qrancUs. A . lasi ocarpa, T h u ja plicata, Phengommataea edwardsata Hlst. Pillus monticola, p , contorta, South - - Pseudotsuga men ::iesi i, Pinus con­ of 56 latitude in western British Co­ torta, P . ponderosa, p, monticola, lumbia. Vancouver and Queen Char­ Picea si tch ensis, T suga hete1'Ophylla, lotte Islands, common, LARVA: Ys Cen tr al to sou ther n Bri tish Col um bia, inch; head reddish - brown with pale including Vancouver Island, uncom­ ve r tices; body smooth, ligh t green mon, LARVA: l ~a inches; head pa le wi th dark dorsal, subdorsa l a nd sup­ green m arked on th e sides and front raspiracular lines, yell owish spir acu­ with reddish - brown; body smooth , lar line, (Personal com m unication , robust, m edium green, prominent D, Evans, Dep t, of Forestry and Rural yellowish -white subdorsal lin es ex ­ Developmen t, Victor ia, B.C,) tendin g on to h ead ; yellowish - wh ite Nepytia umbrosaria nigrove naria spiracular lin es wider posteriorly, Pack ,- P seudotsuqa menzi es ii, T suga spiracles pale yellowish outlined wi th heteroph ylla. A bies grandi s, Pinu s reddish - brown; ven tel' pa ler th an contorta, p , mon ticol a, Thuj a plicata, dorsum with yellowish-wh ite subven­ Pice a sitchensis , South ern British tra l lines. Columbia including Va ncouver Is ­ Enypia venata Grt .- T suga hete­ land , uncommon in coasta l r egions rophylla, T , merten si ana, Pseudot­ and rar e in th e Interior, LARVA : suga menziesii, Abies amabili s, A , 13 8 inch e ; h ead pa le brown; body granclis, A . l asiocarpa, Thu ja pl i cata, distinctively striped ; dorsum cream­ Picea si tchen sis, p , engelmanni , p , colored \v ith broken orange dorsal glauca, Pinus monticola, P . contorta, and subdorsal li nes; dark brown-red Central to sou th er n British Columbia, la tera ll y, indistinctly Jigh t -Jined a nd Vancouver and Queen Cha rlotte Is ­ edged black; ventr al s urface pale lands, more common in western por ­ brown-green, (Personal communica­ tions of th e province, LARVA: 11-1 tion, D, Evans. Dept, of For estry a nd inches ; head small, pale, marked Rural Development, Victoria, B.C.) with dark brown lines, herringbone Nepytia freemani Munro - Pseu­ pattern on sides; body smooth, ro­ dotsUgCl lIlen:iesii, T SUqCl heterophyl­ bust, pale yellowish -buff with longi­ l ao Picea enqelmanlli, I nterior British tudinal pattern of medium buff, Columbia south of 54 latitude, com­ discontinuous blackish midd o r sal, mon. Localized outbreaks, of sh ort 6~ ( 196 8 ). ApG. 1. H)68 32 .T . 1 ~"T .. ~ rnl.. Soc. BlliT. CO IX\rlllA. fine, irregula r , pale grey­ duration, have occurred in reproduc­ dina lly with sh lines; irregular tion a nd polesized stands of P . m en­ ish and browni l lines, TI-IlI with a d­ ziesii. LARVA : 1% inches; h ead black . a ddorsa Al-7 each with four square, vertex a nd sides tan , front dorsal spots, with six addorsal pale yellow, immaCUlate except for addorsal spots, AS a ddorsal stripe setal bases and ocelli; body slim, spots; pa le yellow dark y w ith pale rich tan dorsal stripe with ma rked intermittentl broad lateral suffused black m a r gins bordered b y n a rrower brownish - orange; darker than dorsum, yellow subdorsal stripes; rich tan with pale gre'y, fine longitudinal grey supraspiracular s tripe marked irregu­ m a rked with , broken supraspira­ larly with black a nd finely outlined lines; dark grey iracular stripe brown­ with black ; broad yellow spiracular cular stripe; sp a le m a rked longi­ stripe, narrower than subspiracular ish gr ey; venter p fine irregula r p a le stripe, finely outlined in black ex­ tudinally with tending onto thoracic legs; broa d yel­ grey lines. low ventral s tripe, pa le tan adventra l Lambdina samniaria Rls t .- Quer­ stripe finely bordered with black, cus garryana, Salix spp., Acel' cil'ci­ pale pinkish subventral s tripe. natmn, Alnus l'ubl'a. Southern Van­ couver Island where localized out­ Nepytia phantasmaria Stkr.­ breaks occur, common. LARVA: 1% Tsuga h etel'ophylla, P seud otsug a ches; similar to L . f. lugubrosa but menziesii, Thuja plicata, Picea sit­ in generally p aler. chensis, Abies amabilis, A . lasi ocal'pa. etuZa A. gmndis, Pinus monticoZa, P . con­ Besma quercivararia Gn.- B of tOl'ta. South of 54° latitude in western spp ., Salix spp ., Alnus l'ubm. South nd British Columbia a nd Vancouver Is ­ 56° latitude in British Columbia a land, common . Localized but sever e on Vancouver Island, uncommon. twig­ ou tbreaks h ave occurred resulting in LARVA : I V2 inches; slim and morta lity of m atur e T. h eterophylla like, lateral swelling on T2, t ransverse ex­ a nd P . menzi esii located in municipal ridge, with addorsal tubercles, l and city parks. LARVA : I V8 inches; tending to lateral on A3, a ddorsa hea d green with black dots; body tubercles on A6, two color phases with smooth , lime green with dark edged, intermedia tes : (a ) head pale yellow­ yellowish subdorsal and spiracula r ish-green occas ionally with reddish lines. (Personal communication , D . ma rkin gs on sides; body immaculate Evans, Dept. of Fores try and Rura l pale g reen : (b) h ead r eddish- brown Developmen t , Victoria, B.C.) with fine white irregular lines on ver­ tex; body reddish-purple, prominent bd in a fiscellaria lugubrosa La m pa r ts m a rked with black, small white t.- T suga h et erophylla, Pseudot­ Rls m arkings a round or n ear setal bases; lILe n ziesii, Thuj a plicata, Abies suga latera l wi th blackish p atches around arpa, A . am abilis, A . gl'andis, lasioc spira cles; (c) h ead yellowish-gr een a engelmanni , P . si tch en sis, P. Pi ce with r eddish m a rkings da rkest on L arix occiclentalis, Pinus c:o n­ gZauca. sides; bocly green s uff used with pale P . m onticol a, Alnus spp., Salix tOl'ta, red darkest on A6-9, prominent parts ., B etula spp ., Acer spp. South of spp cl a rk r eddish -brown. 57" latitude in British Col um bia, Van­ Wlk.­ couver and Queen Charlotte Is lands, Sicya macula ria agyllaria , Alnus common; frequent outbreaks have Salix spp .. Populus tremulotdes of 55 ' latitude occurred causing damage of econo­ spp .. B etula spp. South cluding Van­ nom ic impor tance t o m a ture western in British Columbia in LARVA : 1 ~ 8 hemlock fo rests. LARVA: 11 2 inches; couver I slancl, rare. lower ver­ hea d pale yellowish-buff minutely inches: llead pale yellow. n of sides spotted with brown and black, s p::use­ tex am! posterior p ortio brown; body ly marked with larger bl::.ck spots: ma rkecl with r edclish - ral swelling on body smoo Lh, tra nsverse ridge on AS , sli m. twig-like, late e mid- pale yellowish-buff marked longitu- TIl, one prominent horn-lik J. I£\"nnrnr.. Sew. B HIT . r')I .I · \[ IlI.-\. 65 (1968). An;. 1, 1968 33

dorsal tubercle on A3 and 5, tra ns ­ tral to southern interior Britis h Co­ verse rige a nd small a ddorsal tuber­ lumbia, uncommon. LARVA: 1% cles on A8 , A3 with lateral swelling inch es; head s mall, horizonta l, dull and small spiracula r tubercles; dor­ yellowish-white m ark ed with medium sum reddish-purple; lateral reddish­ brown on vertex, two short bla ck purple, paler around spiracles; occa­ lines extending from vertex to mid­ sional speciments with broa d whitish front; body slim wider from A6-9, TIl spiracular stripe continuing onto a nal with lateral swelling a nd small a d­ shield; venter reddish-purple with dorsal tubercles, subspiracular tuber­ whitish midventral stripe. cles on Al and 2; s ubdorsal tubercles Deuteronomus magnarius Gn. ­ on A4 and 5, brown transverse ridge Betula spp., Populus tremuloides, extending to venter on A8 ; prominent Salix spp., Alnus spp . South of 55 ° parts blackish , black middorsal line latitude in British Columbia, includ­ on A5-8; pa le la teral patches on TI ing Vancouver Island, uncommon. and II extending onto h ead, subspira­ LARV A: 1 Y2 inches; head rounded, cular tubercles on AI-2 da rk brown horizonta l, pale greyish-white m a rk­ surrounded by brown outlined with ed with brown ; body s lim, twig-like, black creating short oblique m ark­ brownish, s lightly raised ridges on ings; venter pa ler posteriorly, setal A2 and 5, two tubercles on A8 , venter bases d ark. p aler than dorsum. Prochoerodes forficaria combinata Synaxis jubararia Hlst. - Tsuga M cD.- A ce r glabrum. Southern in­ h et erophylla, Pseudotsuga menziesii, terior of British Columbia, rare. Abies amabilis, A. lasiocarpa, A . gran­ LARV A : 1 Y8 inch es; head rounded, dis, Thuja plicata, Picea engelmanni, small, pa le grey or buff m a rked with P. sitchensis, P. glauca, Larix occiden­ dark brown , n a rrow brown band be­ talis, Pinus contorta, Salix spp., Alnus low vertex extending onto and partly spp., Populus spp., B etula spp. South bisecting front, two prominent whit­ of 56 ° la titude in British Columbia, is h spots on front; body slim, pale including Va ncouver Is land, common. grey, m a rked m edium brown densely LARVA: 1% inches; h ead s m a ll, buff spotted with black, indis tinct mid and patterned with minute d a rk brown subdorsal lines, indistinct diamond spots coa lesced to form lines; body pattern AI-7, setal bases whitish a nd slim and twig-like, wider from A6-9, slightly tuberculate, prominent ad­ TIl with la teral swelling; pale buff dorsal tubercles inclined anteriorly marked with shades of grey a nd on A8,broken pale spiracular line, brown; p a le indis tinct middorsal line setal bases pale and s lightly t uber­ margined with black TIl and III, culate, venter p a le whitish-grey with diamond markings on Al-2, chevrons p a le m edium brown longitudinal on A3-8, s malles t on A6-9, TI and II lines, da rk grey middorsal spots and of lateral pale, TIll and AI-9 greyish setal bases. brown, darker posteriorly, lateral of abdominal prolegs with white vertical Acknowledgment stripe; venter paler than dorsum. It is a pleasure to acknowledge the as­ sistance derived through correspondence Tetracis cachexiata Gn. - Acer with Mr. D. Evans, Forest Research Labora­ glabrum, Salix spp., B etula spp. Cen- tory, Victoria, B.C.

References Forbes, William T. M. 1948. Lep ido ptera of New York and Nei ghbo uring States. Cor­ nell U. Agric. Exp . Sta. Mem. 274 . 263 p Llewell yn-Jones, J. R. J. 1951. An Annotated List of the Mac rolepi dop!era of British Columbia. Occasio nal Paper No.1 Ent. Soc. Brit. Columbia. 148 p. Ross, D. A., and D. Evans. 1958. Ann otated li st of fO :'est in sec!s of British Co lum bia Part VlII-Semiothisa spp. (Geometridae). Proc. Ent. Soc. British Co lumbia 55:40-41. Ross, D. A., and D. Evans. 1959. Annotated li st of fores! in sec ts of British Co lumbia Part IX- Caripeta spp. (Geo metriclae). Proc. Ent. Soc. British Columbia 56: 15.