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Checklist of the Lepidoptera of British Columbia 2015

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Checklist of the Lepidoptera of British Columbia 2015 SCIENCE-TECHNOLOGY Checklist the of Checklist of the Moths and butterf ies (Lepidoptera) Lepidoptera are one of the most diverse and LEPIDOPTERA economically important groups of OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, insects, with approximately 157,000 CANADA species worldwide. T is book Columbia, Canada British of establishes a def nitive list of the Entomological Society of British Columbia Occasional Paper No. 3 species that occur in BC, and clarif es erroneous records in past works. It provides a knowledge baseline that will be useful to resource and conservation managers, biodiversity researchers, taxonomists, amateur collectors, and naturalists. POHL HOLDEN t CANNINGS GREGORY R. POHL, t SCUDDER ROBERT A. CANNINGS, t LANDRY LANDRY JEAN-FRANÇOIS LANDRY, t DAVID G. HOLDEN AND GEOFFREY G. E. SCUDDER Checklist of the Lepidoptera of British Columbia, Canada Entomological Society of British Columbia Occasional Paper No. 3 Gregory R. Pohl1, Robert A. Cannings2, Jean-François Landry3, David G. Holden4, and Geoffrey G. E. Scudder5 1: Natural Resources Canada, Northern Forestry Centre, 5320 – 122 St., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6H 3S5 2: Curator Emeritus of Entomology, Royal British Columbia Museum, 675 Belleville Street, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 9W2 3: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, K.W. Neatby Bldg., 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6 4: Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Health Surveillance Unit, 400 – 4321 Still Creek Dr., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5C 6S7 5: Professor Emeritus, University of British Columbia, Department of Zoology, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4 The Entomological Society of British Columbia gratefully acknowledges the assistance of the Royal British Columbia Museum, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Natural Resources Canada (Canadian Forest Service), and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (Science and Innovation Branch) for their financial support towards the production of this publication. Jean-François Landry, of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Greg R. Pohl, of Natural Resources Canada, and David G. Holden, of the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, are employees of the Government of Canada. Because of their contributions to this work, its copyrights are held in part by: Copyright © 2015 Her Majesty the Queen, in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister responsible for Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, the Minister responsible for Natural Resources Canada, and the Minister responsible for the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored, or transmitted by any means—whether auditory, graphic, mechanical, or electronic—without written permission of both publisher and authors, except in the case of brief excerpts used in critical articles and reviews. Unauthorized reproduction of any part of this work is illegal and is punishable by law. ISBN: 978-1-4834-3518-3 (sc) ISBN: 978-1-4834-3519-0 (hc) ISBN: 978-1-4834-3517-6 (e) Because of the dynamic nature of the Internet, any web addresses or links contained in this book may have changed since publication and may no longer be valid. The views expressed in this work are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher, and the publisher hereby disclaims any responsibility for them. Lulu Publishing Services rev. date: 11/09/2015 Cover photograph: Epimartyria bimaculella (Micropterigidae) Epimartyria bimaculella Davis & Landry, 2012 is a tiny moth (forewing 4.6–5.3 mm long) in the family Micropterigidae, an ancient lineage that retains the ancestral use of functional mandibles. The species was chosen to represent British Columbia Lepidoptera on the cover of the Checklist for several reasons — it is rare and unusual, and in Canada is known only from British Columbia; it is a member of the first family in the list; it was collected by several early resident lepidopterists but only recently described by one of the authors of this list (Jean-François Landry: Davis and Landry 2012) and was photographed by another of the authors (David Holden). Micropterigid adults are diurnal and feed on fern spores and flower pollen, which they crush with their mandibles. Larvae feed on liverworts. The specimen pictured on the cover flew and perched along a shaded seepage where leafy liverworts grew in a forest of Douglas-fir and Western Redcedar at Belcarra, near Vancouver. Epimartyria bimaculella lives from northwestern Washington into southern BC. Most of the BC specimens are from southwestern coastal forests, although a record from Glacier National Park in the Selkirk Mountains suggests the species also lives in the wet Columbia-region forests. Records are from April to August, with most in June. Photograph details: by David Holden, Belcarra, BC, 24 May 2009. Abstract This list documents 2832 Lepidoptera species reported for the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is based on examination of the major public insect collections in the province and the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Ottawa, Ontario. Records from relevant literature sources and online databases have also been exam- ined and reliable ones have been included. The entry for each species includes the scientific name, the author and year of publication of the original description, and occurrence status. Taxonomic, distributional and biological notes are provided for selected species, and 134 species are flagged as introduced from outside North America. An additional 27 spe- cies which probably occur in British Columbia are included in the list. A list of 322 species erroneously reported from British Columbia in previous works is provided. Introductory sections provide an overview of the order Lepidoptera, review the province’s ecozones, and discuss the history of lepidopterology in British Columbia and its current state of knowledge. Each of the 70 families occurring in the province is briefly reviewed, along with information on its distinguishing features, general appearance and bi- ology and diversity. An index of higher taxonomic names, genera, species, and common names is included. vi Acknowledgments The authors of this work gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the Entomological Society of British Columbia, the Royal British Columbia Museum, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Natural Resources Canada (Canadian Forest Service), and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (Science and Innovation Branch) for their financial support of this publication. In addition, the authors thank many people for their labour, informa- tion and advice. We owe a huge debt to previous compilers of British Columbia Lepidoptera lists: the anonymous Entomological Society of British Columbia members who compiled the 1906 checklist; E. H. Blackmore and J. R. J. Llewellyn Jones, who published macrolepidoptera lists in 1927 and 1951, respectively; J. D. Lafontaine and J. Troubridge, compilers of a list of British Columbia Lepidoptera based largely on holdings in the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes (CNC); and C. S. Guppy and J. H. Shepard, authors of a comprehensive 2001 treatment of the butterflies of British Columbia. We also acknowledge the many collectors and observers of Lepidoptera in the province, past and present, whose efforts provided all the data upon which we rely. For access to specimens and data in the collections in their care, we thank Lee Humble, Meghan Noseworthy and Jane Seed (the latter now retired; Natural Resources Canada, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria); Claudia Copley (Royal BC Museum, Victoria); Karen Needham and Launi Lucas (Beaty Biodiversity Museum, University of British Columbia, Vancouver); and Jeremy deWaard (Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, Guelph, Ontario). Rob Curtiss, Barbara Deneka, Christi Jaeger and Shashi Juneja extracted large amounts of data from specimens and publications. Rémi Hébert, Scientific Project Coordinator for the General Status of Species in Canada vii (Environment Canada), provided financial support for data extraction from the University of British Columbia and CNC collections and from published works. Jeremy deWaard facilitated our use of a large dataset of records from the Barcode of Life initiative of the Biodiversity Institute of Ontario. Gary Anweiler, Lars Crabo, Jason Dombroskie, Norbert Kondla, Ron Leuschner, Chris Schmidt and Jon Shepard reviewed early versions of the manuscript. Dezene Huber and Monique Keiran edited the final version of the manuscript. Gary Anweiler, Libby Avis, Charley Bird, John Brown, Lars Crabo, Jason Dombroskie, Cris Guppy, Paul Hammond, Jennifer Heron, Rose Klinkenberg, Norbert Kondla, Don Lafontaine, Eric Lagasa, Bill Miller, Dean Nicholson, Ted Pike, Chris Schmidt, Felix Sperling, Mike Van Buskirk and Erik van Nieukerken generously identified specimens, answered our queries and provided information, either directly or indirectly. Greg thanks David Langor, his supervisor at Natural Resources Canada, for supporting this work, and his family (Barbara, Amelia and Colin) for supporting his many entomological pursuits. If we have neglected to mention or adequately recognise any of the many people who have helped us with this project, we sincerely apologise. viii Contents Part I: Introduction ................................. 1 General Overview of the Lepidoptera ..........................1 Ecozones of British Columbia ................................5 History and Current State
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