LEPIDOPTERA (MOTHS AND BUTTERFLIES) AT INVERNESS RIDGE IN CENTRAL COASTAL CALIFORNIA AND THEIR RECOVERY FOLLOWING A WILDFIRE
J. A. Powell Essig Museum of Entomology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
Abstract.— In numbers of species, Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) make up the largest group of plant-feeding animals in North America. Caterpillars of nearly all species feed on plants, and most of them are specialists on one or a few kinds of plants. Therefore they are liable to be severely affected by wildfires, and secondarily, their parasites and predators, including birds, bats, lizards, and rodents, suffer losses of a major food resource. In October 1995, a wildfire swept over part of The Point Reyes National Seashore, burning more than 12,300 acres (5,000 hectares) of public and private land, following a fire-free period of several decades. I tracked survival and recolonization by moths and butterflies during the subsequent five seasons. I made daytime searches for adults and caterpillars approximately monthly from March through October and collected blacklight trap samples, mostly in May and September-October. More than 650 species of Lepidoptera have been recorded in the Inverness Ridge area, and about 375 of them were recorded during the post-fire survey, including larvae of 31% of them. Plants in a Bishop pine forest higher on the ridge, where the fire was most intense, accumulated their caterpillar faunas slowly, while Lepidoptera feeding on plants typical of riparian woods in the lower canyons reestablished sooner and more completely. Recolonization varied markedly among different plant species, and the species richness gradually increased, in marked contrast to generalizations about effects of fire on arthropods derived from fire management of grasslands.
Powell (2004) Lepidoptera at Inverness Ridge following fire
Introduction
Inverness Ridge forms the backbone of the Pt. Reyes Peninsula, located northwest of San Francisco Bay. The peninsula is defined by the San Andreas fault, running from Bolinas Lagoon through Olema Valley and Tomales Bay to the north. The long, straight ridge is situated along the eastern side of the peninsula, from about 15 miles NW of San Francisco, extending for about 20 miles (32 km). It is of relatively low relief, mostly 1000-1300 feet (300-400 m) elevation at the crest, broken only at Bear Valley by a low saddle of about 330 feet (100 m), then descends from Mt. Vision (1280 ft., 290 m) to low hills below 450 ft. NW of Inverness. The eastern front is quite steep, whereas the western slope is gradual, spreading out to the bluffs above Drakes Bay, the marshes of Drakes Estero, and the coastal downs and dunes of the Pacific Ocean shore of Pt. Reyes.
East of the San Andreas fault the geological origin of mainland Marin County is very old, consisting of Franciscan sedimentary and igneous rocks of Jurassic origin. Formations of the Pt. Reyes Peninsula also are old but are granitic and originated far to the south, its terraine having moved northward along the fault during the Tertiary. As a result there are distinctive soils, plants, and insects that depend upon them, characteristic of both Inverness Ridge and areas east of the fault. Notably, redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) and associated communities are restricted to the Mt. Tamalpais region of Franciscan formations, whereas Bishop pine (Pinus muricata) is primarily a coastal species, dominant on Inverness Ridge, but occurs only sparsely on ridges of interior Marin County. Forests of Inverness Ridge also feature Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), madrone (Arbutus menziesii), coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia), tanbark (Lithocarpus densiflorus), and California bay (Umbellularia californica) on the east escarpment. On the west side there are groves of Bishop pine and live oak, downslope giving way to chaparral dominated by coyote brush (Baccharis pilularis), California coffeeberry (Rhamnus californica), and bush monkey flower (Mimulus aurantiacus), and gallery forests of alder (Alnus rubra) and willow (Salix lasiolepis) along the west flowing creeks.
Nearly all collections of moths have been made in the northern half of Inverness Ridge in the vicinity of Inverness and Inverness Park, villages situated along the east side of the ridge, the southern half having been primarily private property until designation of Pt. Reyes National Seashore in 1965, when the land came under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service. Since that time there was no effort to inventory the Lepidoptera of the park until an extensive wildfire in 1995 led to a five-year survey on one transect, also on the northern half of the ridge.
History of Lepidoptera Collections at Inverness Ridge
There was no systematic and comprehensive baseline inventory of the moths and butterflies at any site on Pt. Reyes peninsula prior to the 1990s. There has been no long-term resident collector, although several persons made repeated one-night or short term visits between 1940 and 1965, collectively comprising a year-around sample at lights. Following is a chronicle of moth collectors who worked in the Inverness area, based on specimens examined, together with the primary locations of their specimens. [CAS= California Academy of Sciences, San
2 Powell (2004) Lepidoptera at Inverness Ridge following fire
Francisco; EME= Essig Museum of Entomology, UC Berkeley; UCD = Bohart Entomological Museum, UC Davis; WDP = W. D. Patterson private collection, Sacramento]
There is one specimen of Synanthedon sequoiae (Sesiidae) that was reared from Bishop pine at Inverness in 1916 by E. C. Van Duzee, who was a hemipterist and curator at the CAS, but I have not seen other Lepidoptera collected during that era. H. H. Keifer collected moths on at least two dates in 1926, while he was a curatorial assistant at the CAS, and there may be more of his specimens from Inverness for which data have not been retrieved. E. C. Johnston of Petaluma, CA, collected moths on at least four dates in 1938 and 1940, and presumably there were others, especially microlepidoptera in which he specialized. His private collection, however, went to the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa, after his death in the early 1950s, and he sent some specimens to the U.S. National Museum, Washington, but those collections have not been searched systematically to retrieve Inverness records.
W. R. Bauer of Petaluma, CA, began making single night visits for macro moths in 1940. He continued following World War II, with 23 dates in 1947 and 21 in 1951. He was joined by J. S. Buckett beginning in 1954, and together they made collections during the following decade. Altogether Bauer worked at Inverness on more than 190 dates, mostly along Sir Francis Drake Highway and Pierce Point Road adjacent to Tomales State Park and at store front lights in Inverness, according to Bauer (1950s pers. comm.) and R. H. Leuschner, who collected with Bauer and Buckett in 1955. Cumulatively, they sampled on 15 or more dates in each month from February to July, but on fewer than 10 each month August to January (UCD). In addition they made many visits to McClures Beach on Tomales Point, but records from that locality and other beach dune sites on Pt. Reyes by many collectors are not summarized here. Buckett also collected microlepidoptera on his last visit, in 1965, providing the earliest known records for several species.
Catherine Toschi (now Tauber) made sporadic collections of larger moths beginning in 1953 at the family summer home near Vision Rd. and collected through the summers in 1961-62, while working as a student assistant in the museum at UC Berkeley, and on several dates in 1963-64, including a few in February. Her efforts, comprising a total of more than 60 dates, provided the first large-scale survey of small moths (EME). W. D. Patterson also collected larger moths and butterflies in Inverness in the mid 1950s and subsequently on sporadic visits, emphasizing microlepidoptera as well since 1995, at a family summer home near the top of Perth St. (WDP). C. W. O’Brien collected small moths on about 25 dates during1959-63 at a site 1 mile SE of Inverness, near Dream Farm Rd. (EME). These were mostly in October to February and produced the earliest records of several microlepidoptera.
P. A. Opler made the first larval collections on Inverness Ridge during several visits in 1967-69, in association with his research on microlepidoptera of coast live oak; I participated twice, and we collected larvae from a few other plants and wood rot fungi (EME). D. S. Green also sampled leaf mines, primarily on oak, making monthly visits between August 1976 and May 1977 (EME).
I made single night visits to the Inverness area with D. D. Linsdale in January 1959 and February 1961, and for several years beginning in 1970 participated in annual visits in May by a field
3 Powell (2004) Lepidoptera at Inverness Ridge following fire
entomology class from the UC Berkeley, led by E. I. Schlinger. We camped atop Inverness Ridge in the area of the western terminus of Drakes View Road and ran blacklight sheets 2 nights each year and had phenomenally good luck with warm, calm evenings, unusual for May, in 1970 and 1972. Hence, a large number of persons contributed to a brief seasonal sample. In addition to adults taken diurnally and at black lights, I made about 40 larval collections (EME).
Beginning in1994 my wife, Liz Randal, and I began making longer-term visits, and I started systematically recording all Lepidoptera species. Ultimately, I sampled moths at lights on about 220 dates between July 1994 and December 2001,. These data originated from several sites — July 1994 (7 dates) and May 1995 (7) in the Sea Haven district near Tomales State Park; Jan.- Feb. 1995 (28), Oct. 1997 (28), Sept.-Oct. 1998 (35) and 1999 (28), at two sites at ca. 150-175 m elevation in Inverness Park; May 2000 in Inverness (7); Oct. 2000 at the top of Highland Rd., Inverness (25); and Oct.-Nov. 2001, Kehoe Rd. at the western edge of Inverness (28). Also there were several shorter visits of 1-5 nights on the Tomales Bay marsh 1 mile E of Inverness, in May 1999 and 2001, Feb. 2000, Aug. 2001, and Dec. 2001.
Coincidentally, an extensive wildfire burned the crest and seaward slope of Inverness Ridge, from Mt. Vision to upper Inverness Park, in October 1995. In response to an invitation from Pt. Reyes National Seashore biologists, I proposed to monitor the recovery of Lepidoptera populations in the burn zone. Pre-fire insect survey of the seaward slopes and the ridge top was limited to that conducted during annual May visits by our field entomology class in the 1970s. Hence, a post-fire census of species could not be compared directly to the pre-fire community, and I tracked the recolonization of selected plants, especially woody shrubs and trees, which harbor the richest communities of Lepidoptera. The area sampled is defined on the east by Inverness Ridge trail from Drakes View Road to Limantour Road, on the south by Bay View trail from Inverness Ridge trail to Muddy Hollow Road, and on the west by the Drakes View trail, a perimeter distance of about 6 miles (9.6 km). This provided a transect from the more severely burned pine forest at 1,000 ft. (300 m) elevation on the ridge top, descending through chaparral and grassland, to riparian woods along Muddy Hollow Creek at 100 ft. (30 m). My associates and I recorded Lepidoptera on 82 dates from March14, 1996 to November 1, 2000, during which we made 45 diurnal visits, 263 larval and leaf mine collections, and 54 blacklight samples on 45 dates. Daytime survey was conducted approximately monthly from mid March to late October, with sporadic additional visits, mostly in May and October. After initial trials, I used four light trap sites at different elevations, situated 0.8-1.2 miles (1.3 to 2.0 km) inside the perimeter of the burn zone, at spots sheltered from sight of unburned areas by intervening hills. Additionally, in 1999 M. Hart made 6 evening visits to collect at light sheets, mostly during January to April, when we had few records. Blacklight samples were initiated one year after the fire and were made in all months except December and June, 75% of them in May or Sept.- Oct.
In summary, there have been moth collections at lights in the Inverness area on more than 600 dates, with 20 or more samples in all months except December (8), most often in February (66 dates), May (75), and October (134). There had been relatively few larval collections prior to the post-fire survey (ca. 100 vs. 260+ post-fire), so many new records for microlepidoptera in the Inverness area and even for Marin County resulted from larval collections following the 1995 fire, simply the result of increased effort.
4 Powell (2004) Lepidoptera at Inverness Ridge following fire
In total, 635 species are listed, including 231 microlepidoptera (36%), 56 pterophorids and pyraloids (9%), 311 macro moths (49%), and 37 butterflies (6%). Based on what is known in other California coastal localities, the microlep fauna and probably the pyraloids appear to be under surveyed at Inverness Ridge. There may be100 or more additional species not yet discovered. Considerable additional inventory of larvae in habitats not affected by the 1995 fire is needed. Although only 137 species had been recorded in the limited effort made prior to the fire in the ridge top and seaward slope area that burned, 375 species were recorded in the one portion of the burn zone surveyed during 1996-2000 (59% of the region total).
Larval host plants are recorded for 137 species (22% of the total), 85% of which were documented in the post-fire survey. Among the remainder, hosts of 195 species known to be specialist feeders are recorded elsewhere (i.e., total of 53% larval foods can be projected). Most of the others are generalists.
5 LEPIDOPTERA OF INVERNESS RIDGE, MARIN CO., CA compiled by J. A. Powell December 2003
Fire zone larval host plant Taxa 1st record Pre-fire Post-fire at Inverness elsewhere
Eriocraniidae:
Dyseriocrania auricyanea? IV.68 IV.97 Quercus agrifolia
Acanthopteroctetidae:
Acanthopteroctetes unifascia V.71 V.71 VI.96 Ceanothus thyrsiflorus
Hepialidae:
Hepialus ?behrensi VII.00 VII.00
Hepialus californicus V.99 V.99
Nepticulidae:
Stigmella sp. IX.97 IX.97 Berberis pinnata
Stigmella ?ceanothi XI.67 VI.96 C. thyrsiflorus
Stigmella ?diffasciae V.77 III.96 Rhamnus californica
Stigmella variella XI.67 V.70 IV.97 Q. agrifolia
Stigmella sp. 1 V.70 V.70
Stigmella sp. 2 V.70 V.70
Stigmella sp. 3 XI.67 Lithocarpus
Tischeriidae:
Tischeria ceanothi XI.67 V.72 IV.97 C. thyrsiflorus
Tischeria ?consanguinea VII.00 Q. agrifolia
Tischeria splendida VIII.97 VIII.97 Rubus ursinus
Prodoxidae:
Greya sp. 1 I.95
Greya sp. 2 X.00
Adelidae:
Adela septentrionella V.61 V.71 V.00 Holodiscus discolor
Adela trigrapha V.72 V.72 Linanthus
Heliozelidae:
Coptodisca arbutiella III.77 IV.00 Arctostaphylos & Arbutus
Tineidae:
Homosetia sp. V.71 V.71 X.97 lichens
Monopis crocicapitella V.00 bird, mammal products
Monopis mycetophilella VII.94 V.98 Polyporus
Morophagoides berkeleyella X.98? V.00 Polyporus
Morophagoides gracilis V.95 VI.96 Polyporus versicolor
Nemapogon granellus X.96 X.96 Polyporus
Opogona omoscopa V.95 decaying, moist plant products
Oinophila v-flava I.95 moldy plant material
Phryganeopsis brunnea IV.57 IX.00
Tinea niveocapitella V.95 IX.98 bird, mammal products
Tinea occidentella V.95 X.97 bird, mammal products
Tinea pallescentella I.95 bird, mammal products
Tinea pellionella X.00 bird, mammal products
unplaced tineine VII.99 VII.99
unplaced gray tineid IX.99
Acrolophidae:
Amydria arizonella VII.97 VII. 97
Amydria sp. 2 (pale) IX.99
Gracillariidae:
Caloptilia agrifoliella III.59 III.74 VI.96 Q. agrifolia
Caloptilia alnivorella V.68 V.72 II.97 Alnus rubra
Caloptilia diversilobiella VII.94? VIII.00 Toxicodendron
Caloptilia nondeterminata V.68 V.70 IV.97 Ribes menziesii & sanguineum
Caloptilia palustriella I.95 IV.97 Salix lasiolepis
(=stigmatelia?)
Caloptilia reticulata XI.67 V.97 Q. agrifolia
Caloptilia 'umbellulariae' I.95 X.96 Umbellularia
Caloptilia sp. (gray) V.70 V.70
Cameraria agrifoliella XI.67 X.99 Q. agrifolia
Cameraria gaultheriella IV.78 IV.78 Gaultheria shallon
Cameraria nemoris V.70 V.70 VIII.97 Vaccinium
Cameraria sp. V.69 Lithocarpus
Cremastobombycia sp. VII.99 VII.99 Artemisia douglasii
Cremastobombycia sp. VII.99 VII.99 Baccharis pilularis
Marmara arbutiella X.97 X.97 Arbutus menziesii
Marmara sp. VIII.97 VIII.97 Ceanothus stems
Micrurapteryx? IV.00 IV.00 Salix lasiolepis
Neurobathra bohartiella IV.67 X.99 Q. agrifolia
Phyllonorycter ?alnicolella IV.97 IV.97 Alnus rubra
Phyllonorycter ?apicinigrella X.96 X.96 Salix lasiolepis
Phyllonorycter inusitatella IV.77 Q. agrifolia
Phyllonorycter ribefoliae V.72 V.72 VII.97 Ribes sanguineum & menziesii
Phyllonorycter sp. A IV.76 IV.98 Arctostaphylos
Phyllonorycter sp. B VIII.00 VIII.00 Toxicodendron
Phyllonorycter sp. C XI.67 Lithocarpus
Phyllonorycter sp. D V.69 Lonicera
unplaced lithocolletine sp. 1 V.70 V.70
unplaced lithocolletine sp. 2 V.70 V.70
unplaced lithocolletine sp. 3 V.00 V.00
unplaced lithocolletine sp. 4 V.00 V.00
Bucculatricidae:
Bucculatrix albertiella XI.67 Q. agrifolia
Bucculatrix ceanothiella IX.98 X.98 Ceanothus thyr.
Bucculatrix ?quadrigemina X.00
Bucculatrix variabilis V.70 V.70 III.97 Baccharis pilularis
Bucculatrix sp. (white) X.97 X.97
Oecophoridae, (s. lat.):
Agonopterix alstroemeriana I.95 X.96 Conium maculatum
Agonopterix nervosa VII.62 IX.99 Cytisus
Agonopterix oregonensis I.95 Sanicula
Agonopterix rosaciliella III.99 III.99 Heracleum lanatum
Agonopterix sp. II.95
Borkhausenia nefrax VII. 61
Depressaria daucella V.97 V.97 Cicuta, Oenanthe
Endrosis sarcitrella VIII. 94 V.99
Ethmia arctostaphylella IX.99 Eriodictyon
Hoffmanophila pseudospretella VIII.65
Polix coloradella V.00 V.00
Pyramidobela angelarum II.92 Buddleia
Momphidae:
Mompha n. sp. VIII.97 VIII.97 Helianthemum
Mompha sp. 2 X.99
Cosmopterigidae:
Sorhagenia nimbosa V.70 V.70 III.96 Rhamnus californica
Walshia miscecolorella III.97 III.97 Lupinus
Elachistidae:
Elachista marachella V.74 V.74 Ehrharta
Elachista telcharella V.95 III.97
Blastobasidae:
Glyphidocera septentrionella VIII.65 IX.00
Oegoconia novimundi IX.99
Holcocera sp. 1 V.72 V.72 IV.00 Ceanothus
Holcocera sp. 1A VII.94
Holcocera sp. 2 X.98
Holcocera sp. 3 IV.97 IV.97
Holcocera sp. 4 V.95? VIII.98 aphids on Gnaphalium
Hypatopa sp. X.97 IX.98
unplaced blastobasid A VII. 94
unplaced blastobasid B V.95
unplaced blastobasid C V.95
Coleophoridae:
Batrachedra salicipomonella VIII.00 VIII.00 Pontania galls
Coleophora ?baccharella VIII.65 IV.97 Baccharis pilularis
Coleophora ?tildeni IV. 98 IV.98 B. pilularis
Coleophora,?pruniella IV.97 IV.97 Alnus rubra
Coleophora sp. 1 V.70 V.70
Coleophora sp. 2 VII.94
Coleophora sp. 2A VIII.65
Coleophora sp. 3 IX.98
Coleophora sp. 4 IX.98
Gelechiidae:
Aristotelia argentifera VIII. 61 X.99 Baccharis pilularis
Aristotelia sp. 1 X.96 X.96
Aristotelia sp. 2 VII. 97 VII. 97
Bryotropha? sp. X.00 X.00
Chionodes ?braunella VIII.65 Lupinus
Chionodes chrysopyla IV.68 IV.00 Q. agrifolia
Chionodes ?johnstoni IX.98
Chionodes lophosella VII.00 VII.00 Lupinus
Chionodes nanodella VIII.65 IX.00
Chionodes occidentella XII.59 X.98 Quercus
Chionodes ochreistrigella VIII.65 Rumex
Chionodes petalumensis VII.94 VIII.99 Quercus
Chionodes sabinianae VII.62 III.96 Pinus muricata
Chionodes sp. 2 I.95
Chionodes sp. 4 VIII.65
Coleotechnites sp. 1 IV.98 IV.98 Arctostaphylos
Coleotechnites sp. 2 VII.94 IX.98 (quercivorella group?)
Coleotechnites sp. 3 IX.00 Pinus muricata
Coleotechnites sp. 4 IX.98
Coleotechnites sp. 5 IX.00 (coniferella group)
Euscrobipalpa arenaceariella V.01 V.01 Artemisia douglasii
Evippe? sp. 1 VII.99 VII.99
Evippe? sp. 2 IV.00 IV.00 Holodiscus discolor
Exceptia sisterina VIII.65
Filatima sp. V.72 V.72 IX.00
Gelechia ?desiliens X.97 Platanus
Gelechla panella IX.99 Arctostaphylos
Gnorimoschema baccharisellaVIII.65 V.70 IV.97 Baccharis pilularis
Leucogoniella ?californica VIII.99 VIII.99
Pseudochelaria scabrella IX.63 V.73 IX.99 Arctostaphylos virgata
Recurvaria baccharella IV.99 IV.99 B. pilularis
Recurvaria francisca/ V.69 V.70 IV.96 Ceanothus thyr. ceanothiella
Scrobipalpula psilella group VII.94 X.97 Gnaphalium
Symmetrischema striatellum III.97 III.97 Solanum xantii
Symmetrischema tangolias I.95
Syncopacma sp. X.96 X.96 legumes
Teliopsis baldiana VIII. 65 VII.00 Toxicodendron
Telphusa sedulitella VIII.61 X.96 Q. agrifolia
Copromorphidae:
Lotisma trigonana V.70 V.70 VI.97 Vaccinium
Alucitidae:
Alucita sp. I.95
Carposinidae:
Bondia comonana X.97
Epermeniidae:
Epermenia californica V.73 V.73 III.96 Heracleum
Epermenia ?cicutatella VII.94
Glyphipterigidae:
Glyphipteryx powelli III.59 III.96 Urtica?
Plutellidae:
Eucalantica polita I.59 V.70 V.98 Vaccinium
Euceratia securella VII.94
Plutella porrectella VII.94
Plutella vanella VII.94 Osmorhiza
Plutella xylostella V.71 V.71 X.97 Brassica
Plutella interrupta X.00
Ypsolopha cervella VII. 94 Q. agrifolia
Ypsolopha ?arizonella IX.98
Ypsolopha flavistrigella X.98 X.98
Argyresthiidae:
Argyresthia pilatella V.70 V.70 V.00 Pinus
Argyresthia sp. 1 V.95
Argyresthia sp. 2 X.97
Argyresthia sp. 3 III.99 III.99 Salix lasiolepis
Schreckensteiniidae:
Schreckensteinia festaliella V.72 V.72 VI.96 Rubus (3 spp.)
Lyonetiidae:
Bedellia somnulentella VII.65 X.96 Calystegia
Lyonetia speculella V.99 V.00 Ceanothus
Sesiidae:
Sesia tibialis VII.01 Salix
Synanthedon bibionipennis VII.97 VII. 97 Rubus
Synanthedon novaroensis VII.00 VII.00 conifers
Choreutidae:
Anthophila alpinella III.59 X.96 Urtica
Caloreas multimarginata VIII.97 VIII.97 Artemisia dougl.
Choreutis ?diana V.68 Anus rubra
Tebenna gnaphaliella X.96 X.96 Gnaphalium
Tortricidae, Olethreutinae:
Bactra verutana X.96 X.96 Cyperaceae
Endothenia hebesana V.00 V.00 Castilleja
Rhyacionia ?pasadenana VII. 94 Pinus
Petrova sp. VII.62 Pinus
Phaneta scalana IV.00 IV.00 Artemisia dougl.
Eucosma juncticiliana VII.97 VII.97 Solidago
Eucosma nr. palpata VIII.99 VIII. 99
Eucosma sonomana III.59 V.71 Pinus
Eucosma williamsi VIII.00 VIII.00 Baccharis pilularis
Chimoptesis chrysopyla I.95 Q. agrifolia
Catastega n. sp. IX.98
Epinotia albangulana VIII.65 V.70 III.96 Alnus rubra
Epinotia arctostaphylana X.98 X.98 Arctostaphylos
Epinotia bigemina V.72 V.72 IV.98 Arctostaphylos
Epinotia columbia VI.96 VI.96 Salix lasiolepis
Epinotia emarginana IV.68 V.70 VI.96 Q. agrifolia
Epinotia nr. ethnica I.95
Epinotia nr. fumoviridana X.97 IX.00
Epinotia hopkinsana VII. 62 V.70 V.98 Pinus
Epinotia infuscana VIII. 97 VII.97 Lupinus
Epinotia johnsonana IV.68? V.99 Holodiscus discolor
Epinotia kasloana X.99 X.99 Ceanothus thyr.
Epinotia lindana X.97 Cornus
Epinotia lomonana X.97 X.97 Prunus
Epinotia nigralbana V.00 V.00 Arctostaphylos
Epinotia radicana VII.61 Pseudotsuga
Epinotia rectiplicana X.98 X.98 Salix
Epinotia saggitana XI.59 Ribes
Epinotia seorsa X.01 Salix
Epinotia signiferana X.97 X.97 Ceanothus thyr.
Epinotia solandriana V.69 V.72 IV.99 Alnus rubra.
Epinotia subplicana V.70 V.70 X.99 Arctostaphylos
Epinotia vagana V.73 V.73 Ribes menziesii
Ancylis metamelana IV.59 IV.78 VII.99
Ancylis ?simuloides V.70 V.70 IX.97 Ceanothus thyr
Pseudexentera habrosana I.59 II.95 IV.00 Q. agrifolia
Cydia latiferreana X.97 X.98 Quercus
Cydia pomonella X.01 Malus, Crataegus
Tortricidae, Tortricinae:
Acleris ?forbesana XII.97
Acleris hastiana I.95 III.96 Salix lasiolepis
Acleris keiferi IX.98 X.98 Rubus ursinus
Acleris santacrucis I.40 Corylus
Acleris senescens I.95 III.96 Salix lasiolepis
Cnephasia longana V.97 V.97 Heracleum (generalist)
Decodes aneuretus V.71 V.71 V.98 Arctostaphylos
Decodes basiplaganus IX.98 Q. agrifolia
Decodes fragarianus IV.68 Q. agrifolia
Archips argyrospilus V.70 V.70 generalist
Argyrotaenia franciscana/ V.70 V.70 V.97 Ribes, Rubus (generalist) citrana complex
Argyrotaenia provana X.97 X.97 Pseudotsuga
Choristoneura conflictana VII.62 Populus tremuloides
Clepsis fucana V.70 V.70 V.98 generalist
Clepsis peritana VII.94 X.96 generalist
Clepsis virescana V.00 V.00 generalist
Pandemis pyrusana VII.62 V.72 IX.00 Alnus generalist
Amorbia cuneana VII.62 X.97 Arbutus generalist
Platynota stultana X.97 generalist
Henricus umbrabasanus VII.94 Quercus
Saphenista nomonana V.70 V.70 Ceanothus thyr.
Saphenista saxicolana V.70 V.00 Baccharis pilul.
Saphenista sp. 1 X.00
“Saphenista” sp. 2 X.01 Garrya
Pterophoridae:
Amblyptila pica X.96 X.96 scrophs
Anstenoptilia marmarodactyla IX.98 Lamiaceae
Capperia ningoris VI.61 V.72 Lamiaceae
Emmelina monodactyla I.95 X.98 Convolvulaceae
Oidaematophorus nr. confusus V.95
Oidaematophorus grandis VII.94 VIII.98 Baccharis
Oidaematophorus sp. A VII.62
Oidaematophorus sp. B X.00
Oidaematophorus sp. C X.00
Platyptilia ?carduidactyla X.96 X.96 Cirsium
Platyptilia williamsi V.72 V.72 X.96 Asteraceae
Platyptilia sp. 1 X.97
Crambidae:
Cosipara sp. IX.98
Eudonia franciscalis VIII.62 VI.97
Eudonia ?echo IX.99
Eudonia rectilinea VIII.65 X.96 mosses
Eudonia spenceri VII. 94
Dicymolomia metalliferalis VIII.96
Hellula rogatalis IX.99 Lepidium
Petrophila confusalis IX.98 IX.00 algae, aquatic
Microtheoris ophionalis X.97
Pyraustinae:
Herpetogramma ?pertextalis IX.98 generalist
Mecyna mustelinalis VII.94 V.97
Mimorista subcostalis IX.98
Nomophila nearctica X.97 X.98 Poaceae
Pyrausta californicalis III.59 IX. 98 Lamiaceae
Pyrausta perrubralis VIII.61 V.70 X.97
Pyrausta subsequalis V.70 V.70 III.96 Plantago
Udea profundalis IV.96 IV.96 Urtica generalist
Uresiphita reversalis X.97 X.97 Lupinus Cytisus
Crambinae:
Agriphila anceps X.96 X.96 Poaceae
Agriphila attenuata X.97 Poaceae
Agriphila ?undata X.96 X.96 Poaceace
Crambus occidentalis X.96 X.96 Poaceae
Euchromius ocelleus VII.94 IX.99 Poaceae
Pediasia nr. dorsipunctellus IX.98 Poaceae
Pyralidae:
Pyralis farinalis X.98
Aglossa? sp. X.97 Neotoma nest
Phycitinae.
Acrobasis tricolorella X.98 X.98 Heteromeles
Anagasta kuehniella V.72 V.7 X.97
Apomyelois bistriatella X.61 Hypoxylon
Bandera ?virginella VII.00 VII.00 Poaceae?
Dasypyga alternosquamella VII.61 Arceuthobium
Dioryctria abietivorella group VIII.62 V.70 conifers
Ephestiodes gilvescentella V.72 V.72 X.97 Detritivore
Homoeosoma electellum IX.98 X.98 Asteraceae
Hulstia undulatella V.95
Laetilia zamacrella IX.99 Homoptera on Pinus
Lipographis fenestrella V.70 V.70
Patagonia peregrina X.98 X.98 Gnaphalium
Phobus sp. VII.94
Plodia interpunctella X.97
Sosipatra? IX.99
Trachycera caliginoidella VII.62 IX.00 Quercus
Vitula edmansae V.72 V.72 IX.99 bee nests
Vitula n. sp. IX.98
unplaced phycitine IX.98
Thyatiridae:
Habrosyne scripta V.70 V.70 V.00
Euthyatira forata III.94 Cornus?
Drepanidae:
Drepana arcuata V.72 V.72 IX.99 Alnus
Geometridae:
Archirhoe multipunctata IX.47
Biston b. cognataria VII.58 V. 98
Campaea perlata VI.40 IV.96
Ceratodalia gueneata VII.51 VII.00
Chetoscelis faseolaria VII.40 VII.00 Artemisia calif.
Chlorosea banksiaria VI.40 generalist
Cyclophora nanaria X.98 generalist
Dichorda illustraria X.97 IX.00
Drepanulatrix baueraria II.40 X.97 Ceanothus thyr.
Drepanulatrix falcateria V. 71 V. 71 Ceanothus
Drepanulatrix monicaria IV.47 V.70 VI.96 Ceanothus thyr.
Drepanulatrix quadraria usta III.40 V.72 X.97 Ceanothus
Drepanulatrix unicalcaria X.97 X.97 Ceanothus
Dysstroma citrata V.47 IV.96 generalist
Dysstroma hulstata ? V.57
Dysstroma mancipata V.56 (= brunneata?)
Dysstroma sobria V.70 V.70 V.99 generalist
Elpiste marcescaria IV.47 V.70 VII.97 Baccharis pilularis
Enchoria lacteata III.61 II.95
Enypia venata VII.47
Epirrhoe plebeculata? III.00 III.00 Galium
Epirrita auntumnata omissa II.93 Pseudotsuga
Eulithis xylina VII.40
Eupithecia absinthiata IX.98
Eupithecia acutipennis II.47
Eupithecia annulata XII.94 II.00 Pseudotsuga
Eupithecia bivittata VI.40
Eupithecia cestata III.47 V.70 III.90 generalist
Eupithecia ?cognizata II.52
Eupithecia columbrata V.72 V.72
Eupithecia gilvipennata I.95
Eupithecia graefii X.50 V.72 Arbutus
Eupithecia implorata V.70 V.70
Eupithecia karenae XI.57 V.70
Eupithecia longipalpata V.74 V.74 VII.98 conifers
Eupithecia maestosa XI.59 V.70
Eupithecia miserulata zela IX.98
Eupithecia misturata VII.62 V.70 X.97 Ceanothus, Vaccinium (generalist)
Eupithecia mystiat V.71 V.71
Eupithecia olivacea II.47 Conifers
Eupithecia ravocostaliata II.48
Eupithecia purpurissata IV.47 V.70 III.97 Arctostaphylos
Eupithecia rotundopunctata III.50 V.70 IV.96 general
Eupithecia sabulosata VI.47 Scrophularia
Eupithecia ?scabrogata XII.95 II.00
Eupithecia ?segregata VI.94 V.98 Quercus
Eupithecia subapicata V.70 V.70 V.99 Marah
Eupithecia subvirens I.95 X.97 generalist
Eupithecia tripunctaria IV.52 V.70
Eusarca falcata VI.51 generalist
Eustroma semiatrata V.70 V.70 Epilobium
Gabriola dyari VI.40 V.70 IX.00 conifers
Hydriomena albifasciata III.47 II.97 Q. agrifolia
Hydriomena californiata VII.47 Pseudotsuga
Hydriomena edenata I.40
Hydriomena feminata (TL) III.40
Hydriomena glaucata IV.47
Hydriomena johnstoni (TL) IV.40
Hydriomena manzanita III.47 V.72 Arctostaphylos
Hydriomena ?marinata V.70 V.70 V.99 Pseudotsuga
Hydriomena nubilofasciata II.40 IV.98 Q. agrifolia
Hydriomena quinquefasciata II.40 II.00 Salix lasiolepis
Hydriomena renunciata viridescens (TL) V.47
Hydriomena speciosata IV.47 V.70 conifers
Lobocleta granitaria IV.76 VIII.00
Lobophora simsata IV.47 generalist
Melanolophia imitata V. 71 V. 71 IX.98 conifers
Mesoleuca gratulata III.59 III.96 Quercus
Nasusina vaporata V.70 V.70 V.00
Nemoria darwiniata V.70 V.70 X.97 general
Nemoria leptalea IX.61 IX.98 Ceanothus generalist
Nemoria pistaciaria VI.40 V.73 Ceanothus general
Nemoria pulcherrima II.59 Quercus
Neoalcis californiaria VII.56 X.96 Alnus generalist
Neoterpes edwardsata X.97 X.97 Eschscholzia
Neoterpes triangulata IV.46 V.00
Nepytia umbrosaria VI.40 Pseudotsuga, rarely Pines
Operophtera occidentalis XII. 54 generalist
Orthonama centrostrigaria II.40 II.97 Polygonaceae
Perizoma costiguttata VI.40 Holodiscus
Perizoma curvilinea II.40 V.72 II.97
Perizoma custodiata VI.40 V.99 chenopods
Perizoma grandis VI.40 V.00
Pero "macdunnoughi" X.93 VII.97 general
Pero mizon V.41
Pero occidentalis V.47 V.70 conifers?
Pherne parallelia VI.40 X.97
Phigalia plumogeraria I.95 general
Philedia punctomacularia X.50 X.00
Plataea personaria V.55 Artemisia calif.
Prochoerodes forficaria II.40 VII.97 general
Prochoerodes ?truxaliata V.41
Pterotaea ?albescens X.98
Sabulodes aegrotata III.40 V.70 VI.97 Sambucus, Alnus generalist
Scopula j. quadrilinearia VIII. 62
Scopula californiaria V.98 V.98
Semiothisa californiaria V.97 V.97 Lotus
Semiothisa muscariata. IX.99 IX.00 Quercus
Sicya crocearia X.50 IX.97 Ceanothus generalist
Spargania magnoliata. X.95 V.99 Epilobium
Stamnodes affiliata II.55
Stamnodes (?marinata) I.95
Synaxis cervinaria V.72 V.72 generalist
Synaxis jubararia X.50
Synaxis pallulata (&/or mosesiana) IX.98 IX.99 Pseudotsuga, conifers
Thallophaga hyperborea XII.61 V.70
Thallophaga nigroseriata II.47
Thallophaga ?taylorata I.95 X.99 Salix
Triphosa californiata. II.40 III.97 Rhamnus
Triphosa haesitata VII. 54 V.73 III.97 Rhamnus
Venusia duodecemlineata. II.47 V.70 IV.98 Q. agrifolia
Venusia obsoleta II.47
Venusia pearsalli III.40 II.97 Salix generalist
Xanthorhoe defensaria VIII.65 V.70 VI.96 generalist
Xanthorhoe marinensis V.41 [IV.40 “incursata” CAS --- need to confirm]
Xanthorhoe offensaria IV.40
Zenophleps lignicolorata V.41 II.00
Epiplemidae:
Callizia amorata VIII.62 VI.96 Lonicera
Saturniidae:
Hemileuca eglanterina IX.57 general
Hyalophora euryalus VIII.62 V.71 V.98 Rhamnaceae
Lasiocampidae:
Malacosoma californicum V.70 V.70 V.00 general
Tolype lowriei IX.94 IX.00 Pseudotsuga
Sphingidae:
Hyles lineata IX.98 Onagraceae
Smerinthus cerisyi VII.62 Salix
Lymantriidae:
Orgyia vetusta X.99 X.99 general
Notodontidae:
Clostera apicalis II.91 X.98 Salix lasiolepis
Furcula scolopendrina VI.40 V.99 Salicaceae
Oligocentria pallida IX.95 Arbutus
Pheosia rimosa VII.52 VII.00 Salicaceae
Dioptidae:
Phryganidea californica X.95 IV.00 Q. agrifolia
Arctiidae:
Cisthene deserti VII.61 Lichens
Cisthene faustinula VII.47 Lichens
Clemensia albata VII.61 Pseudotsuga
Cisseps packardi VIII. 54 monocots
Apantesis ornata V.47 V.70 V.98 generalist
Arachnis picta X.48 generalist
Hemihyalea edwardsii IX.47 X.99 Q. agrifolia
Isia isabella V.41 X.97 generalist
Lophocampa argentata VII.54 IV.96 Pinus muricata, Alnus, Corylus
Lophocampa maculata VII. 51 V.99 Salix, Alnus
Spilosoma vagans II.40 V.70 V.98 generalist?
Spilosoma vestalis V.95 V.98 generalist
Noctuidae:
Abagrotis denticulata V.95 IX.98 general
Abagrotis baueri X.13.95
Abagrotis pulchrata IX.99
Abagrotis ?reedi IX.00 IX.00
Acronicta hesperidea V.94
Acronicta funeralis VII.62
Acronicta lepusculina felina IX.98
Acronicta marmorata IX.94 IX.00
Acronicta perdita V.70 V.70 V.98 general
Adelphagrotis indeterminata IX.62
Adelphagrotis stellaris VIII.61 VII.00 general
Agrochola pulchella X.95
Agrochola purpurea VII.94 X.97 general
Agrotis aeneipennis VI.40 V.70 V.98 general
Agrotis gravis VI.40
Agrotis ipsilon VII.94 X.97 general
Agrotis venerabilis X.50 X.99 general
Aletia oxygala VII.47 VII.00 Poaceae?
Amphipoea americana pacificaVII.54 X.98 Iris seed capsules
Amphipoea lunata VI.40
Anhimella perbrunnea VII.62 IX.99 general/detritivor
Annaphila diva IV.54
Apamea ?albina V.99 V.99
Apamea amputatrix VII.53 VII.00 Poaceae
Apamea castanea V.00 V.00 Poaceae
Apamea cuculliformis V.95 Poaceae
Apamea devastator VIII.02 Poaceae
Apamea ?genialis VI.40 V.71 V.99 Poaceae
Apamea maxima VI.40 Poaceae
Apamea multicolor IV.47 Poaceae
Apamea plutonia (=remissa?) VI.40
Apamea remissa (=indocilis) V.00 V.00 Poaceae
Aseptis binotata/paviae V.41 IV.99 Ceanothus, Ribes generalist
Aseptis ethnica V.73 V.73 Arctostaphylos
Aseptis? sp. V.95
Autographa ampla V.69 Alnus rubra
Autographa californica V.70 V.70 VI.96 generalist
Autographa pasiphaea VIII.61 X.98 Stachys
Autographa labrosa IX.55
Autoplusia egenoides X.97
Behrensia conchiformis II.59 II.00
Caenurgia togataria X.96 X.96 Poaceae
Caenurgina ?erechtea VI.96 II.97 Poaceae
Caenurgina caerulea III.59 V.73 Poaceae/legumes
Catocala aholibah IX.98
Catocala ?irene IX.95
Cerastis cornuta I.40
Cerastis gloriosa II.40 II.00 Delphinium
Cerastis robertsoni I.62 I.99
Cobalos franciscana VII.59
Cryphia viridata VIII.51 Lichens
Cucullia dentilinea VII.54 V.99 Scrophularia
Cucullia serraticornis III.47 Solidago
Dargida procincta VIII.54 V.71 V.98 general
Diarsia esuralis VI.40 V.70 V.99 general
Diarsia rosaria II.40 IX.00
Dicestra chartaria IV.60
Dryotype opina XI.59 X.97 general?
Egira baueri II.50
Egira cognata II.40
Egira crucualis II.59 V.71 V.98 general
Egira curialis II.48 I.99 general
Egira hiemalis V.71 V.71 IV.98 Vaccinium general
Egira perlubens V.70 V.70 III.99 general
Egira rubrica II.40 V.70 V.99 general
Egira simplex II.60
Egira vanduzeei V.55 V.71 V.99
Eumicremma minima X.97 X.97 Gnaphalium
Euplexia benesimilis VI.55 V.70 general
Euxoa albipennis X.50 X.97 general
Euxoa auxiliaris IX.98
Euxoa difformis IX.50
Euxoa excellens IX.50
Euxoa fenesica X.54
Euxoa fuscigera X.50
Euxoa infausta VI.40
Euxoa messoria IX.98
Euxoa obeliscoides X.98 X.98
Euxoa olivia IX.98
Euxoa septentrionalis X.50 IX.98
Euxoa sp. 1 VII.94
Euxoa sp. 2 VII.94
Faronta terrapictalis IV.47
Feltia deceptiva II.95 Pseudotsuga
Feralia februalis II.61 II.00 general
Galgula partita VII.94 II.97 Oxalis
Heliothis phloxiphaga IV.96 IV.96 general
Heliothis zea X.97 X.98 general
Hemeroplanis finitima V.00 V.00 Lotus
Hemieuxoa rudens X.95 IX.97 general
Hemigraphiphora plebeia X.95
Homoglaea dives II.59 IV.97 Salix lasiolepis
Homoncocnemis fortis III.50
Homorthodes communis V.70 V.70 V.98 fallen leaves
Homorthodes fractura V.47 V.00 fallen leaves
Homorthodes hanhami VII.95
Hydraecia obliqua VIII.62 X.97 general, stem borer
Hypena californica III.40 II.97 Urtica
Hypena decorata I.95 Urtica
Lacinipolia cuneata V.38 V.70 general
Lacinipolia comis IX.98
Lacinipolia davena VIII.62
Lacinipolia patalis V.70 V.70 V.98 Rosaceae, general?
Lacinipolia quadrilineata IV.60 V.70 X.97 dead leaves?
Lacinipolia rectilinea IX.98 IX.98
Lacinipolia stricta cinnabarina VII.59 X.00 general, herbs
Leucania farcta VI.40 IX.99 Poaceae
Leucania insueta V.47 V.70
Leucania oaxacana IX.98
Leucania “oregona” IV.73 IV.73 IX.97 Poaceae
Litholomia napaea unifasciata V.99
Lithophane contenta I.95 general, deciduous trees
Lithophane pertorrida X.98 I.99 general, trees
Megalographa biloba X.97 IX.00 general
Meganola sp. VII.94 Quercus
Merolonche spinea IV.47 Lupinus
Mesogona olivata X.97 Quercus
Mesogona sp. 2 (Crabo) IX.99 IX.99
Miodera stigmata XI.57
Noctua pronuba X.01 general
Nola minna VII.62 V.70 V.00 Q. agrifolia, Ceanothus,
Nycteola sp. I.95 Salix
Oligia indirecta VI.40
Oligia tonsa VII.59 X.99
Orthosia arthrolita X.95 X.97
Orthosia behrensiana I.95 II.00
Orthosia hibisci II.50 V.99 general
Orthosia macona I.64 II.00
Orthosia mys XII.95 II.00
Orthosia pacifica II.51 II.00 general
Orthosia praeces II.51 V.71 IV.97 Aesculus general
Orthosia terminata I.95
Orthosia transparens II.40 V.71 IV.98 Arctostaphylos Arbutus
Panthea ?portlandia VII.62 V.72 conifers
Papaipema sauzalitae IX.54 V.73 X.97 Scrophularia, general stem borer Heracleum
Parabagrotis cupidissima X.97 X.97 Poaceae?
Parabagrotis formalis X.98 V.99
Parabagrotis insularis V.70 V.70 X.97 Poaceae?
Peridroma saucia VIII.53 V.77 III.97 general
Perigonica pectinata III.95 V.99?
Platyperigea extimia X.99
Pleromella opter V.71 V.71 V.99
Pleromelloida conserta VII.62
Pleromelloida cinerea XII.94
Properigea posticata IX.98
Protorthodes curtica? IX.00 IX.00
Protorthodes rufula II.60 V.70 X.97 general
Pseudaletia unipuncta VII.62 X.97 Poaceae, general
Pseudorthodes irrorata V.47 V.98 general
Pseudorthodes puerilis III.40 V.70 X.97 general
Pseudorthosia variabilis IX.47 general
Raphia pallula VIII.55
Schinia sueta californica V.41
Scoliopteryx libatrix II.95
Scotogramma deffessa VII.59
Spaelotis quadricava IX.98 general
Spodoptera exigua X.95 X.97 general
Spodoptera praefica II.95 general
Stretchia ?pacifica II.48 Ribes
Tetanolita palligera VII.61 dead leaves
Trichoclea edwardsii III.50
Tricholita fistula IX.99 IX.99 shrub Asteraceae
Trichoplusia ni X.97 general
Ulolonche ?disticha X.30 X.30
Xestia mustelina IX.00 IX.00 Pseudotsuga
Xestia c-nigrum V.95 X.99 general
Zale lunata VI.40 X.99 general
Zosteropoda hirtipes VII.61 X.97 general
Zotheca tranquilla VII.59 Sambucus
Inverness Ridge butterflies
Fire zone larval host plant Taxa 1st record Pre-fire Post-fire at Inverness elsewhere
Hesperiidae:
Erynnis tristis X.96 X.96 Quercus
Pyrgus communis IV.98 IV.98 Malvaceae
Pyrgus ruralis IV.76 IV.76 IV.97 Horkelia/Potentilla
Hylephila phyleus IX.00 IX.00 Poaceae
Ochlodes sylvanoides VII.94 X.96 Poaceae
Paratrytone melane X.96 X.96 Poaceae
Polites sabuleti X.98 X.98 Poaceae
Papilionidae:
Papilio eurymedon VII.94 III.96 Rhamnus californica
Papilio rutulus V.00 Salix
Papilio zelicaon VII.94 III.97 Apiaceae
Parnassius clodius VI.1920* Dicentra (extinct)
Pieridae:
Colias eurydice VII.54** Amorpha (non resident)
Colias eurytheme VI.96 VI.96 Legumes
Euchloe ausonides III.97 III.97 Brassica
Pieris napi II.95 II.95 III.96 Cardamine
Pieris rapae VII.94 VI.96 Brassica
Lycaenidae:
Callophrys eryphon V.70 V.70 IV.96 Pinus
Callophrys iroides IV.98 IV.98 generalist
Strymon melinus X.96 X.96 generalist
Habrodais grunus IX.52*** Q.chrysolepis, Lithocarpus
Celastrina ladon V.70 V.70 VI.96 Ceanothus generalist
Icaricia acmon V.70 V.70 VI.96 Eriogonum, Lotus
Plebeius saepiolus V.1919**** clovers (extinct?)
Nymphalidae:
Adelpha bredowi VII.94 X.97 Quercus
Limenitis lorquini IX.98 V.99 Salix
Junonia coenia III.96 III.96 Plantago
Nymphalis antiopa III.97 III.97 Salix
Nymphalis californica II.95 II.95 Ceanothus thyrsiflorus
Phyciodes campestris X.99 VIII.00
Phyciodes mylitta V.70 V.70 VI.96 Cirsium
Polygonia oreas II.95 II.95 X.98 Ribes
Polygonia satyrus VII.94 II.95 III.96 Urtica holosericea
Speyeria zerene myrtleae VII.94
Vanessa annabella VII.94 IV.96 Malva parviflora
Vanessa atalanta II.95 II.95 III.96 Urtica holosericea
Vanessa cardui III.96 III.96 Artemisia douglasiana
Vanessa virginiensis VI.96 VI.96 Gnaphalium (3 spp.), Anaphalis
Danaus plexippus III.96 III.96 Asclepias (non resident)
Satyridae:
Cercyonis pegala VI.96 VI.96 Poaceae
Coenonympha california V.71 V.71 IV.96 alien grass Poaceae
* Collected at “Bear Valley” (Divide Meadow area) 1920-1954; presumed extinct
** Inverness, Perth St., one specimen collected in July 1954. I have seen eurydice flying in October at Indian Valley, ca. 12 airline km E of Inverness
*** Inverness, Perth St. in 1952 and just above Perth St. in 2001, on Lithocarpus.
**** Collected at “Bear Valley” (Divide Meadow area) 1919 to 1959; presumed extinct