FIELD GUIDE to Pests of the Acadian Forest
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
A FIELD GUIDE TO Pests of the Acadian Forest Report For 2017-14 Table of Contents Introduction ..................................................................................... 1 How To Use This Field Guide ........................................... 4 Insect Identification and Description .................................7 Softwood ............................................................................................................8 Hardwood ...................................................................................................... 10 Bark and Wood-Boring Insects .................................. 13 Bronze Birch Borer ............................................................................... 14 The position of Provincial Entomologist in Brown Spruce Longhorn Beetle ............................................ 16 Nova Scotia was created in 1915. In recognition Carpenter Ants ......................................................................................... 18 of the 100th anniversary, we dedicate this guide Metallic Wood-Boring Beetles ...............................................20 to the professional and amateur entomologists who have devoted lifetimes to the study of insects. Native Elm Bark Beetle ...................................................................22 Spruce Beetle ............................................................................................24 Sugar Maple Borer .............................................................................26 Whitespotted Sawyer ......................................................................28 Wood Wasps (Horntails) ...............................................................30 Foliage Feeding Insects ................................................... 33 Alder Flea Beetle ....................................................................................34 Alder Woolly Sawfly............................................................................36 Balsam Fir Sawfly ................................................................................38 Beech Leaf Mining Weevil ..........................................................40 Birch Leaf Mining Sawflies.........................................................42 Dusky Birch Sawfly .............................................................................44 Eastern Blackheaded Budworm .........................................46 Eastern Tent Caterpillar .................................................................48 REPORT FOR 2017-14 September 2017 Fall Cankerworm ....................................................................................50 Second Edition Fall Webworm ...........................................................................................52 © Crown Copyright, Province of Nova Scotia Forest Tent Caterpillar .....................................................................54 Department of Natural Resources Gypsy Moth ..................................................................................................56 Forest Protection Division, 2017 Hemlock Looper .....................................................................................58 table of contents Gratitude is extended to those who generously allowed the use of their photographs. A detailed list Jack Pine Budworm ...........................................................................60 of photographic contributors can be found on page 146. Larch Casebearer ................................................................................62 ISBN 978-1-55457-792-7 Larch Sawfly ...............................................................................................64 i Leafrollers and Leaftiers ...............................................................66 Maple Trumpet Skeletonizer.....................................................68 Acknowledgements Mountain Ash Sawfly ........................................................................70 Northern Pinkstriped Oakworm ............................................72 Special thanks goes out to the many staff members Oak Leafshredder ..................................................................................74 who shared their knowledge and provided invaluable input and criticism during the preparation of this Pale Winged Grey ..................................................................................76 guide including: Jeff Ogden, Jacqueline Gordon, Gina Rusty Tussock Moth ..........................................................................78 Penny, Tanya Borgal, Justin Smith, Mike LeBlanc, Kris Satin Moth ....................................................................................................80 Lambert, Dustin Oikle, Morgan Oikle, Andree MacKay, Spruce Budworm ...................................................................................82 Tim Whynot and Simon Mutabazi. Spruce Webspinning Sawfly .....................................................84 White Pine Sawfly ................................................................................86 The authors wish to thank Tim Clarke (Final Impressions) for his expertise and countless hours spent bringing this Whitemarked Tussock Moth ...................................................88 guide to fruition. Willow Flea Weevil ...............................................................................90 Gall Making Insects ...............................................................93 Finally, a special thanks goes to all colleagues inside and outside of the Nova Scotia Department of Natural Balsam Gall Midge ...............................................................................94 Resources who have contributed to this project in Spruce Gall Adelgids .........................................................................96 various capacities. Your enthusiasm and support is Sap Feeding Insects ............................................................ 99 very much appreciated. Aphids ............................................................................................................ 100 Balsam Twig Aphid ........................................................................ 102 Balsam Woolly Adelgid ............................................................... 104 Beech Scale ............................................................................................. 106 Hemlock Woolly Adelgid ........................................................... 108 Woolly Alder Aphid .......................................................................... 110 Terminal Shoot, Twig, and Root Insects......... 113 Balsam Shootboring Sawfly ..................................................114 Seedling Debarking Weevil ......................................................116 White Pine Weevil ..............................................................................118 Invasive Alien Species (IAS) Not Currently in Nova Scotia ....................................121 Asian Longhorned Beetle ......................................................... 122 Emerald Ash Borer ........................................................................... 124 table of contents Appendix A: Glossary .......................................................126 Appendix B: References .................................................133 Appendic C: Photo Credits ..........................................146 acknowledgements ii iii Introduction Each year Nova Scotia’s forests are damaged by numerous pests (insects and diseases) and abiotic agents (e.g. wind, flooding, and fire). Forest pests can slow intro down tree growth and vigour. Some can eventually kill trees. Others can reduce the fibre quality and appearance. However, it should be noted that insects and diseases also play an essential role in forest ecology. They are a food source for wildlife and provide various ecological services including pollination (enabling the creation of new seeds) and decomposition and nutrient recycling (aiding in forest renewal). This guide and the companion module 15 Pests of the Acadian Forest were designed to be practical reference tools, providing woodland owners, homeowners, forest workers, and naturalists with information 1 concerning some of the most common and of the Nova Scotia Department of Natural widespread forest pests in the province Resources (NSDNR) novascotia.ca/natr/ including native, non-native, and invasive staffdir/offices.asp or the NSDNR Forest alien species. Alien species are any species Protection Division novascotia.ca/natr/ of plant, animal or micro-organism that forestprotection. For further information spread beyond their native range into new on the Woodlot Management Home Study locations as a result of natural spread Program, go to woodlot.novascotia.ca. or human assisted activity. They include species that are native to one part of Canada that move to another region of the country, as well as those that come from outside the country. A species is invasive when it is both non-native to the intro ecosystem in which it is found and capable intro of causing harm to the environment, economy, or human health. This harm can be costly and sometimes irreversible. Under the federal Plant Protection Act, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) is responsible for preventing the introduction into Canada, spread within Canada, and spread from Canada, of non- native pests. Any pests in this guide that are currently under regulation by the CFIA are noted and questions regarding them