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The Educational Problems Op Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe School and College Students in India

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The Educational Problems Op Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe School and College Students in India THE EDUCATIONAL PROBLEMS OP SCHEDULED CASTE AND SCHEDULED TRIBE SCHOOL AND COLLEGE STUDENTS IN INDIA (A Statistical Profile) Prepared for the Indian Council of Social Science Research, New Delhi - By VIMAL P.SHAH Department of Sociology, Gujarat University, AHMEDABAD. NIEPA DC IH lllllll D00434 1975 CENTRE FOR REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT STUDIES, Post Box No 38, Dangore Street, Nanpura, SURAT : 395 001 G U J A R A T T ... U cw Delhi-llOOlT MEMBERS OF CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE 1. Yogesh Atal 2. Ajit K. Danda 3. Ramkrishna Mukherjee 4. Vimal P* Shah 5. Yogendra Singh 6# Suma Ctiitnis Jt. Convener ?. I. P. Besai Convener PREFACE The Indian Council of Social Science Research brought together a group of social scientists from all over the country to design and execute a nation­ wide study of the~educational problems of high school and college students belonging to the sche­ duled castes and tribes. For this purpose, the ICSSR constituted a Co-ordinating Committee, and charged it with the task of designing and executing the study with the help of several other social scientists selected as project directors in diffe­ rent states. The major responsibility of the Co­ ordinating Committee was to articulate the research problem, to design sampling plan, to construct the instrument for data-collection, to centrally compu­ terize and analyse data, and to provide broad guidelines to the project directors in the task of conducting the study in their respective states. The responsibility of the project directors was to collect relevant data from secondary sources for the ^irpDse of preparing state level profiles, to work .out specific sampling plans for their state, to translate the data-collection instrument into the regional language, to collect and code data, and finally to prepare research reports. The state reports are available in mimeographed form, and some of them have already started being available in print. The Co-ordinating Committee was charged with the responsibility of preparing, separatily for the scheduled castes and the scheduled tribes, ( l) an all-India report, (2) a volume of summaries of the state reports, and (3) a volume of census-type statistical tables. Each of these three are inten­ ded to be condensed presentations of this nationwide study to interested researchers, planners, and administrators concerned with the execution of the programmes for the educational development of the scheduled castes and the scheduled tribes in the country. This volume contains the census-type statistical tables. Centre for Regional I .P . Desai Development Studies, SURAT. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I take this opportunity to express my de6p sense of appreciation to the I .C . S .S . R ., and to Dr.M.S.Gore and Shri J.P.Naik in particular, for sponsoring this nationwide study. The members of the Co-ordinating Committee, particularly its Convenor, Dr.I.P.Desai and Co-convenor, Dr.Suma Chitnis, have helped me in many ways in making the task of computerizing the data and preparing this volume very easy. The present volume is primarily an outcome of the centralized arrangements for the computerization and processing of data for which I was responsible. A ll project directors were provided with a coding manual and blank code sheets to code their data. The coded data were then sent by them to me for processing. The services of the Gujarat University Computer Centre and the Physical Research Laboratory Computer Centre were u tilized for this purpose. The staff of the Gujarat University Computer Centre and the Physical Research Laboratory Computer Centre have, through out, co-operated with me in carrying out the work efficiently and in time. My major responsibility, in the first instance, on this nationwide study was to transfer the data on cards/tape, plan and execute an appropriate analysis of the data received from eaeh of the project directors, and send them the computer outputs with the necessary guidelines. I must acknowledge with thanks the co-operation extended to me by the project directors. In the next stage, I was given the responsibility for analyzing these data for the all-India reports. In carrying out both these tasks, the members of the Co-ordinating Committee have made many useful sugges­ tions. With my involvement in the centralized i i i arrangements for computerizing and processing the data for the project directors, I grew to be interested in extracting and tabulating the data to compile this volume. I deeply appreciate the work of my two research assistants, Kumari Renuka' J.Shah and Kumari Amita Doctor, without whose assistance it would have been rather impossible to complete this stupendous task. Last but not the least, I thank Shri G.F.Patel for labouriously typing and retyping rather complicated.tables. Vimal Pi Shah. Date:15th August 1975. EXPLANATORY NOTE This volume presents a series of tables providing statewise breakdowns of data on the Scheduled Caste/ Tribe high school and college students covered in the study. Since we expect significant differences between males and females, as well as between hostellers and non-hostellers, the distributions of relevant variables have been given, separately and/or simultaneously, by sex and hostellers/non-hostellers. The arrangement of tables in this volume follows a certain pattern. To provide an easy comparison of the data, the respective tables for the high school and college students are presented on pages opposite to each other, and the same serial number is given to each set of tables for the high school and college respondents. The serial numbers of the tables are prefixed by the relevant symbols indicating "S .C .*1 = Scheduled Caste, ".S.T." = Scheduled Tribes, "H.S." = High School, and "C" = College. The table headings are fairly descriptive so as to give adequate informa­ tion regarding the contents of the tables. When necessary, additional footnotes have also been inserted. The choice of presenting the available information in the form of frequency or percentage distribution is made on the basis of the nature of variables. It may be noted that the size of the sample differs from state to state. The following state­ ment concerning the sampling plan and execution will explain this variation. It will also help in apprising the data in a proper perspective. The sample in each state was selected in three stages: districts, institutions, and respondents. In the first stage, while the district containing the capital city/largest metropolitan area was selected with certainty, two other districts were selected from each of two strata. For this purpose, the districts were arranged in decreasing order of the number of S.C./ S.T» students in the relevant classes in the district, and the districts were divided into two strata, each of them containing approximately equal number of S .C ./ S..I. students according to the latest available infor­ mation. The relevant classes were IX and X in high schools, X and XI in higher secondary schools, and first and second-year undergraduates in colleges. The - districts, with, less than 36 S .C ./S .T . students were omitted.. From each stratum of districts, two distj^H2ts were randomly selected with probabilities proporti^^BP- to,,the number of S .C ./ S .T . students. The probabixmii^es as-signed to high schools/colleges were again propor­ tional to the number of S .C ./S .T . students. The number of S .C ./S .T . students to be interviewed from each of the selected'high'srcllo'ois/c'olleg-e3 was-calculated as, under: Ho.of students to = K* x No.of students in the be interviewed relevant classes, K where K 1 C x D (N = No.of S.C./S.T. K students in all districts with more than 36 S .C ./S .T . students each) 1 _ i.0000 for the district selected D ~ with certainty, 1 Stratum total D District total g for other districts in the stratum v i i 1.0000 if the high school/college is selected with certainty, 1 _ Stratum total C fligh School/ 7 for other insti- College total tions. Thus, although the sampling plan envisaged a fixed sample of 250 S .C ./S .T . high school/college respon­ dents, the actual number of respondents departed significantly in several states. There were many reasons for such a departure, the main reason, however, being that the information utilized for computing tide sample fraction was available for the earlier years and the actual number of S .C ./ S .T . students available in the selected high school/college did not adequately correspond with the number of intended interviews. Table 1 gives a frequency distribution of the high school/college students, by state, sex and hostellers/ non-hostellers. The contents of this table could serve as an easy reference for Comparing the IT's given in difference tables. Table 2 gives the frequency of the respondents by stratum. Tables 3 to 7 present distributions of characte­ ristics, such as, year of study, course of study (college students only), age, marital status, and religion. The next group of tables (8 to 13) give distributions of familial socio-economic characteris­ tics, such as caste/tribe, father’s education, mother's education, father's occupation, mother's occupation, and perceived financial position. The next two tables describe the employment status of the students. Then, we present information regarding the sources of educational financing* for the respon­ dents and the burden of educational expenses for the respondents1 family. The. reasons for discontinuance of scholarship are described in the next two tables. Then, we describe the educational level of the respondents as compared to their brothers and sisters. Tables 21 to 25 give distributions indicating the respon­ dents’ educational and occupational aspirations as well as the significant others who encouraged them in this regard.
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