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The Armies of the Hasmonaeans and Herod
Texte und Studien zum Antiken Judentum herausgegeben von Martin Hengel und Peter Schäfer 25 The Armies of the Hasmonaeans and Herod From Hellenistic to Roman Frameworks by Israel Shatzman J.C.B. Möhr (Paul Siebeck) Tübingen Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Shatzman, Israel: The armies of the Hasmonaeans and Herod : from Hellenistic to Roman frameworks / by Israel Shatzman. - Tübingen : Mohr, 1991 (Texte und Studien zum antiken Judentum ; 25) ISBN 3-16-145617-3 NE: GT © 1991 J.C.B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck) P.O. Box 2040, D-7400 Tübingen. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that permitted by copyright law) without the publisher's written permission. This applies particularly to re- productions, translations, microfilms and storage and processing in electronic systems. The book was typeset by Sam Boyd Enterprise in Singapore, printed by Guide-Druck in Tübingen on non-aging paper by Gebr. Buhl in Ettlingen and bound by Heinr. Koch in Tübingen. ISSN 0721-8753 MENAHEM STERN IN MEMORIAM Preface I became intrigued by the subject of this book in the course of my work on the military confrontation between the Jews and the Romans from the death of Herod to the War of Bar-Kokhva, which I was asked to contribute to Vol. VIII of the series The World History of the Jewish People: U. Rappaport (ed.), Judea and Rome (Masada Publishing Press, 1983, in Hebrew). While working on those chapters, I realized that no com- prehensive account had ever been written of the army of Herod, and as for the Hasmonaeans, there existed then only B. -
1 REFERENCES Abel M. 1903. Inscriptions Grecques De
1 REFERENCES Abel M. 1903. Inscriptions grecques de Bersabée. RB 12:425–430. Abel F.M. 1926. Inscription grecque de l’aqueduc de Jérusalem avec la figure du pied byzantin. RB 35:284–288. Abel F.M. 1941. La liste des donations de Baîbars en Palestine d’après la charte de 663H. (1265). JPOS 19:38–44. Abela J. and Pappalardo C. 1998. Umm al-Rasas, Church of St. Paul: Southeastern Flank. LA 48:542–546. Abdou Daoud D.A. 1998. Evidence for the Production of Bronze in Alexandria. In J.-Y. Empereur ed. Commerce et artisanat dans l’Alexandrie hellénistique et romaine (Actes du Colloque d’Athènes, 11–12 décembre 1988) (BCH Suppl. 33). Paris. Pp. 115–124. Abu-Jaber N. and al Sa‘ad Z. 2000. Petrology of Middle Islamic Pottery from Khirbat Faris, Jordan. Levant 32:179–188. Abulafia D. 1980. Marseilles, Acre and the Mediterranean, 1200–1291. In P.W. Edbury and D.M. Metcalf eds. Coinage in the Latin West (BAR Int. S. 77). Oxford. Pp. 19– 39. Abu l’Faraj al-Ush M. 1960. Al-fukhar ghair al-mutli (The Unglazed Pottery). AAS 10:135–184 (Arabic). Abu Raya R. and Weissman M. 2013. A Burial Cave from the Roman and Byzantine Periods at ‘En Ya‘al, Jerusalem. ‘Atiqot 76:11*–14* (Hebrew; English summary, pp. 217). Abu Raya R. and Zissu B. 2000. Burial Caves from the Second Temple Period on Mount Scopus. ‘Atiqot 40:1*–12* (Hebrew; English summary, p. 157). Abu-‘Uqsa H. 2006. Kisra. ‘Atiqot 53:9*–19* (Hebrew; English summary, pp. -
UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Edom in Judah: An Archaeological Investigation of Identity, Interaction, and Social Entanglement in the Negev During the Late Iron Age (8th–6th Centuries BCE) Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/39t2f71m Author Danielson, Andrew Joel Publication Date 2020 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Edom in Judah: An Archaeological Investigation of Identity, Interaction, and Social Entanglement in the Negev During the Late Iron Age (8th–6th Centuries BCE) A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Near Eastern Languages and Cultures by Andrew Joel Danielson 2020 © Copyright by Andrew Joel Danielson 2020 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Edom in Judah: An Archaeological Investigation of Identity, Interaction, and Social Entanglement in the Negev During the Late Iron Age (8th–6th Centuries BCE) by Andrew Joel Danielson Doctor of Philosophy in Near Eastern Languages and Cultures University of California, Los Angeles, 2020 Professor Aaron Alexander Burke, Chair Archaeological excavations in the northeastern Negev region of southern Judah identified significant amounts of “foreign” archaeological material culture in contexts dating to the late Iron Age (late eighth to early sixth century BCE). This iconic material culture consisted of highly identifiable ceramics, evidence of non-Yahwistic cult featuring the deity Qws, and non-Judahite inscriptions. Identified as associated with the kingdom of Edom to the east, this material culture assemblage was quickly interpreted to be the result of an Edomite “invasion,” understood as occurring during the late Judean monarchy (late seventh to early sixth centuries BCE) in tandem with Babylonian aggression and the destruction of Jerusalem in 586 BCE, as was promoted by certain readings of the biblical text. -
Greco-Roman Culture and the Galilee of Jesus
GRECO-ROMAN CULTURE AND THE GALILEE OF JESUS Greco-Roman Culture and the Galilee of Jesus, the first book- length investigation of this topic, challenges the conventional scholarly view that first-century Galilee was thoroughly Hel- lenized. Examining architecture, inscriptions, coins, and art from Alexander the Great’s conquest until the early fourth century CE, Chancey argues that the extent of Greco-Roman culture in the time of Jesus has often been greatly exaggerated. Antipas’s reign in the early first century was indeed a time of transition, but the more dramatic shifts in Galilee’s cultural climate happened in the second century, after the arrival of a large Roman garrison. Much of Galilee’s Hellenization should thus be understood within the context of its Romanization. Any attempt to understand the Galilean setting of Jesus must recognize the significance of the region’s historical develop- ment as well as how Galilee fits into the larger context of the Roman East. MARK CHANCEY is Assistant Professor in the Deparment of Religious Studies at Southern Methodist University, Dallas. He is author of The Myth of a Gentile Galilee (2002, SNTS Monograph No. 118). society for new testament studies MONOGRAPH SERIES General Editor: John M. Court Recent titles in the series 120. Belly and Body in the Pauline Epistles KARL OLAV SANDNES 0 521 81535 5 121. The First Christian Historian DANIEL MARGUERAT 0 521 81650 5 122. An Aramaic Approach to Q MAURICE CASEY 0 521 81723 4 123. Isaiah’s Christ in Matthew’s Gospel RICHARD BEATON 0 521 81888 5 124. -
OBODA: a MAJOR NABATEAN CARAVAN HALT Oboda, and Not
ARAM, 8 (1996), 67-87 67 OBODA: A MAJOR NABATEAN CARAVAN HALT AVRAHAM NEGEV Oboda, and not Eboda as it has very often mistakenly been named,1 is the best known, and most fully described Nabatean caravan halt. It contained most elements present in a major caravan halt.2 As indicated by coins found in the Nabatean potter’s workshop3 and by pottery found in various loci at Oboda4, Nabatean Oboda was in existence from the late fourth to the second century BC. Small quantities of Hellenistic pottery were found all over the site. No solid architecture pertaining to the Early Nabatean period has been observed at Oboda, and the occupants of the site at that time seem to have lived in tents. Remains of an early fireplace of such an encampment were discovered beneath the floors of a first century BC. or AD. house in the vicinity of the Nabatean military camp (see below).5 Whether Oboda already served as a caravan halt at this early period is yet to be determined by research. Oboda was possibly abandoned for the greater part of the first century BC. It was reconquered by the Nabateans in the early part of the second half of the first century BC. The course of events at this time is not entirely clear. The Petra-Gaza caravan route runs northwestwards from Petra towards the large caravan station of Calguia, where it crossed the Arava.6 Thence, the road ran on to Mezad Qazra, Mezad Har Masa, Mezad Neqarot, and Maliatha. It then climbed the cliffs of the Ramon Crater at Mezad (Ma‘ale) Mahmal, and from there it ran over Mezad Grafon along the Oboda plateau.7 At this last sec- tion, the road is about seven meters wide. -
Christian Spolia in the Late Antique Mosque at Shivta in the Negev Desert (Israel) *
ECA 8 (2011), p. 101-119; doi: 10.2143 / ECA.8.0.2961368 Crosses’ Work Underfoot: Christian Spolia in the Late Antique Mosque at Shivta in the Negev Desert (Israel) * Glenn PEERS Scholars have productively studied the re-use of of reasons, some of which are perfectly evident architectural materials in Late Antiquity from the from their supercessionist vantage point. Likewise, point of view of practical, aesthetic and ideological at the end of this period, Muslims had a compli- motivations, and the number of those motivations, cated relationship to religions they encountered, as well as responses, marks a distinctive character- primarily Christianity, because that faith was closely istic of this period in relation to classical Antiquity. associated, naturally, with the empire that Islamic The almost-bricolage of the Arch of Constantine in forces contended against. This article examines one Rome (315) represents a sophisticated, rich demon- such encounter, which led to the integration of stration of the past in the present and, more to the Christian building materials into an early Islamic point, in its service1. Christians manipulated mate- mosque in the small town of Shivta (present-day rial remnants of the past, too, for a large number name, but also called Sbeita, Esbeita, Subeita, Isbayta) in the central Negev desert, some 50 kms south of modern Beer Sheeva (Fig. 1). There, clearly Christian materials had highly public and agonistic placement, but the motivations were not necessarily, or only, adversarial. They were faceted and not reducible to an antagonistic social model2. They were available for complicated understand- ings of the ongoing power and prestige that Islam was in the process of appropriating to itself. -
Archaeological Geophysics in Israel: Past, Present and Future
Adv. Geosci., 24, 45–68, 2010 www.adv-geosci.net/24/45/2010/ Advances in © Author(s) 2010. This work is distributed under Geosciences the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Archaeological geophysics in Israel: past, present and future L. V. Eppelbaum Dept. of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel Received: 4 February 2010 – Revised: 1 March 2010 – Accepted: 11 March 2010 – Published: 9 April 2010 Abstract. In Israel occur a giant number of archaeologi- 1 Introduction cal objects of various age, origin and size. Different kinds of noise complicate geophysical methods employment at ar- The territory of Israel, in spite of its comparatively small chaeological sites. Geodynamical active, multi-layered, and dimensions (about of 22 000 km2), contains extremely large geologically variable surrounding media in many cases dam- number of archaeological remains due to its rich ancient and ages ancient objects and disturbs their physical properties. Biblical history (map with location of several archaeological This calls to application of different geophysical methods sites displayed in this article, is presented in Fig. 1). Many armed by the modern interpretation technology. The main authors (e.g., Kenyon, 1979; Kempinski and Reich, 1992; attention is focused on the geophysical methods most fre- Meyers, 1996) note that the density location of archaeologi- quently applying in Israeli archaeological sites: GPR and cal sites on Israeli territory is the highest in the world. Geo- high-precise magnetic survey. Other methods (paleomag- physical methods are applied for the revealing and localiza- netic, resistivity, near-surface seismics, piezoelectric, etc.) tion of archaeological remains as rapid, effective and non- are briefly described and reviewed. -
At 73 Guvrin Lead Coffin
1 3.8.14 REFERENCES Abu-Jaber N. and al Sa‘ad Z. 2000. Petrology of Middle Islamic Pottery from Khirbat Faris, Jordan. Levant 32:179–188. Abu Raya R. and Weissman M. 2013. A Burial Cave from the Roman and Byzantine Periods at ‘En Ya‘al, Jerusalem. ‘Atiqot 76:11*–14* (Hebrew; English summary, pp. 217). Abu-‘Uqsa H. 2006. Kisra. ‘Atiqot 53:9*–19* (Hebrew; English summary, pp. 196– 197). Abu-‘Uqsa H. 2013. The Late Bronze Age II ‘Fisherman's Grave’ from Akhziv. ‘Atiqot 74:1*–7* (Hebrew; English summary, pp. 241). Adan-Bayewitz D. 1986. The Pottery from the Late Byzantine Building (Stratum 4) and Its Implications. In L.I. Levine and E. Netzer. Excavations at Caesarea Maritima 1975, 1976, 1979—Final Report (Qedem 21). Jerusalem. Pp. 90–129. Adan-Bayewitz D. 1993. Common Pottery in Roman Galilee: A Study of Local Trade. Ramat Gan. Adawi Z. 2013. A Burial Cave and an Agricultural Terrace at Khirbat el-Mughram in the Shu‘afat Neighborhood, Jerusalem. ‘Atiqot 76:1*–9* (Hebrew; English summary, pp. 215–216). Adelson H.L. 1957. Light Weight Solidi and Byzantine Trade during the Sixth and Seventh Centuries (Numismatic Notes and Monographs 138). New York. Agady S., Arazi M., Arubas B., Hadad S., Khamis E. and Tsafrir Y. 2002. Byzantine Shops in the Street of the Monuments at Bet Shean (Scythopolis). In L.V. Rutgers ed. What Athens Has To Do with Jerusalem: Essays on Classical, Jewish, and 2 Early Christian Art and Archaeology in Honor of Gideon Foerster (Interdisciplinary Studies in Ancient Culture and Religion 1). -
The Tentative List World Heritage Sites of the State of Israel
The Tentative List and World Heritage Sites of the State of Israel The inscribed World Heritage Sites and Tentative List of properties for inscription to the World Heritage List according to Article 11 of the Convention for the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage and the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention. July 2000 Updated July 2010 The Working Committee: Prof. Michael Turner, Chair, Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design, Jerusalem Dr. Eliezer Frankenberg, Israel Nature and Parks Authority Eng. Yaacov Schaffer, Israel Antiquities Authority Prepared by: Prof. Michael Turner Coordinator: Daniel Bar-Elli, Secretary General, Israel National Commission for UNESCO Published by: Publication Dept., Ministry of Education 3nd edition 2011 Front page: mosaic in the Villa of Dionysus, Sepphoris Introduction Israel ratified the Convention for the Protection of This submission represents five parts; the proposals for World Cultural and Natural Heritage, 1972 on 6 the Tentative List and Inscribed sites: January 2000, then joining the 157 countries already party to the convention. Today, there are 187 countries A. Tentative List in Israel; signed on the convention, attesting to its universality those sites exclusively in Israel listed geographically with 936 inscribed sites in 151 countries (183 Natural, from north to south; 725 Cultural and 28 Mixed sites). B. Tentative List for Trans-National Sites; The Israel National Commission for UNESCO those sites within the boundaries in Israel but shared established a Public Committee to consider the with neighbouring countries; potential sites to be proposed by Israel to the World Heritage Committee according to the approved C. -
Jordan in Depth: Petra, Desert Fortresses, Wadi Rum and the Red Sea 2023
Jordan in Depth: Petra, Desert Fortresses, Wadi Rum and the Red Sea 2023 7 MAR – 22 MAR 2023 Code: 22304 Tour Leaders Dr Christopher A. Tuttle Physical Ratings Join archaeologist Chris Tuttle on this fascinating tour exploring the extraordinary history of Jordan and its unique natural environments. Overview Travel with Dr Christopher Tuttle, an archaeologist whose research focuses on the Hellenistic and Roman periods in the Middle East. Chris is considered a world authority on the ancient kingdom of the Nabataeans and their capital city of Petra, on which he wrote his PhD, and where his fieldwork has been centred for nearly 20 years. He was the Associate Director of the American Center of Oriental Research (ACOR) in Amman, Jordan from 2006–2014. Chris has recently been the field director for a large archaeological survey of the landscape around Mada’in Saleh, the Nabatean city near AlUla in Saudi Arabia that was designated a World Heritage Site in 2008. This 16-day tour features spectacular architecture and natural scenery and visits to outstanding prehistoric, Biblical Nabataean, Hellenistic, Roman, Early Christian, Arab, Turkic, Crusader and Ottoman archaeological sites and monuments. Spend two days exploring Jordan’s magnificent Nabataean Petra. View a rich collection of artefacts and art works in the newly opened Jordan Museum, the Museum at the Lowest Place on Earth, and Irbid’s Dar es-Saraya Museum. Explore Graeco-Roman Jerash, Ancient Gadara (Umm Qais) overlooking the Sea of Galilee and Golan Heights, and Pella – one of the most ancient sites in Jordan. At Al-Salt, explore fine examples of Ottoman architecture and wander its original bazaar, the Souq Hammam. -
ERETZ-ISRAEL Archaeological, Historical and Geographical Studies
ERETZ-ISRAEL Archaeological, Historical and Geographical Studies VOLUME THIRTY-ONE Published by THE ISRAEL EXPLORATION SOCIETY in cooperation with THE INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY, HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM JERUSALEM 2015 PUBLICATION OF THIS VOLUME WAS MADE POSSIBLE THROUGH THE GENEROSITY OF The Reuben and Edith Hecht Trust The Leon Levy Foundation Ethan Grossman, Washington, DC Sarah and Avie Arenson David and Jemima Jeselsohn The Russell Berrie Foundation Keshet Foundation Ufficio Pellegrinaggi — Diocesi di Vicenza (Italia) Hershel Shanks Biblical Archaeology Society Franz Philipp Rutzen ISBN 978-965-221-097-5 © 2015 Copyright by the Israel Exploration Society Layout: A. Pladot Typesetting: Marzel A.S. — Jerusalem Printed by: Old City Press, Jerusalem EHUD NETZER VOLUME Editor-in-chief Zeev Weiss Editorial board Joseph Aviram, Eliezer Oren, Oren Gutfeld, Gideon Foerster, Israel Shatzman Editorial Directors Hillel Geva, Alan Paris Hebrew style editing Efrat Carmon English style editing Alan Paris CONTENTS Non-Hebrew Section Preface The Editorial Board ix Ehud Netzer — Architect, Archaeologist, Colleague and Friend Eliezer Oren xii Finding Design with Ehud Netzer, the Architect of Herod’s Building Projects Kathryn Gleason xvi טז (Bibliography of Works by Ehud Netzer Nira Naveh (see Hebrew section כו (Bibliographical abbreviations (see Hebrew section Andrea M. Berlin Herod, Augustus and the Augusteum at the Paneion 1* Barbara Burrell What Was the Regia in the Roman Theater? 12* James Hamilton Who Claimed Herod was “the Christ”? 29* Charlesworth Casey D. Elledge The Veils of the Second Temple: Architecture and Tradition in the Herodian Sanctuary 40* Kenneth G. Holum The Gods of Sebastos: King Herod’s Harbor Temple at Caesarea Maritima 51* Martha Sharp An Architectural Marvel: The Petra Great Temple 69* Joukowsky Nikos Kokkinos Aspects of Jerusalem under Herod 79* Achim Lichtenberger Herod, Zoilos, Philopappos. -
Avraham Negev, Scholar of the Nabateans in the Negev Yehuda Koren, Dani Herman, Eilat Negev
Avraham Negev, Scholar of the Nabateans in the Negev Yehuda Koren, Dani Herman, Eilat Negev Even as a high school student at the “Shalva” Gymnasium in Tel kibbutz assembly would agree, given the harsh conditions they Aviv, Avraham Eisenberg was attracted to the Negev Desert. were living in, with only a handful of settlers. Nevertheless, When his friends in the youth group “No‘ar Oved” had to decide Magness invited Negev to his home in Jerusalem to meet the where to set up their kibbutz, he voted for Bir ‘Asluj, some thirty university researchers. km from Be’er Sheva. For two years they waited in their preparation “The most wonderful experience for me was meeting Professor Nelson camp in Rishon Lezion, and when a typhus epidemic broke out Glueck, director of the American School of Oriental Research”, reminisces among his friends, he volunteered to work as a male-nurse in Avraham Negev. “He looked like the descendent of an ancient people, the hospital. The experience led him to choose medicine as his tall, thin and scorched by the sun. With heavily-accented Hebrew, vocation, and he vowed to devote ten years to the development peppered with biblical and Talmudic phrases, he unfolded before me of the Negev, and only then train as a brain surgeon. the magic of the Nabatean culture. He showed me his potsherd collection, In December 1943, at the age of 20, he arrived at “Revivim”, the only one of its kind, and gave me a beautiful decorated Nabatean the second outpost established in the Negev. He was in charge sherd, commanding me to search for similar sherds.” of maintaining the water pumps and taking meteorological Following his visit to Jerusalem, Negev’s interest in the Nabatean measurements, and in his spare time he often explored the Negev grew, and he began to collect material, read books ancient cities of the central Negev, mainly on foot.