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Rativo De Las Coaliciones Democráticas En Bolivia (1952 Y 1985) María Teresa Pinto Las Élites Y El Pueblo, Sus Alianzas Y Sus Divi- Siones
Las élites y el pueblo, sus alianzas y sus divisiones. Estudio comparativo de las coaliciones democráticas en Bolivia (1952 y 1985) María Teresa Pinto Las élites y el pueblo, sus alianzas y sus divi- siones. Estudio compa- rativo de las coaliciones democráticas en Bolivia (1952 y 1985)* **María Teresa Pinto RESUMEN Bolivia es el único país de América del Sur que ha vivido una revolución popular de dimensiones políticas y sociales importantes. Tuvo una de las dictaduras más severas y represivas de la región andina y, en la actualidad, ha encontrado una estabilidad democrática. ¿Qué factores nos explican esta trayectoria? Y, más específicamente, ¿qué factores han contribuido a establecer los períodos democráticos en este país? El presente artículo pretende comparar dichos procesos democráticos a través de puntos de encuentro que permitan responder estas preguntas, además de conocer las condiciones que favorecen las alianzas de gobierno y la estabilidad democrática, y no la estabili- dad autoritaria. La autora utiliza la aproximación metodológica de Yashar, que propone analizar las coaliciones favorables al establecimiento de la democracia en un país determinado. Palabras claves: élites, alianzas, Bolivia. [88] The elites and the people, their alliances and divisions. A comparative study of the democratic coalitions in Bolivia (1952 and 1985) SUMMARY Bolivia is the only country of South America which has gone through a popular revolution of important political and social dimensions. It had to support one of the most severe and repressive dictatorships of the Andean region and at present has encountered democratic stability. Which factors help to explain this trajectory? And, furthermore, what factors have contributed to establish the democratic periods in this country? This article attempts to compare such democratic processes through points of encounter which permit to respond these questions, besides knowing the conditions which favor the government alliances and democratic stability and not authoritarian stability. -
Las Dictaduras En América Latina Y Su Influencia En Los Movimientos De
Revista Ratio Juris Vol. 16 N.º 32, 2021, pp. 17-50 © UNAULA EDITORIAL DICTATORSHIPS IN LATIN AMERICA AND THEIR INFLUENCE OF RIGHT AND LEFT MOVEMENTS SINCE THE 20TH CENTURY* LAS DICTADURAS EN AMÉRICA LATINA Y SU INFLUENCIA EN LOS MOVIMIENTOS DE DERECHA E IZQUIERDA DESDE EL SIGLO xx Juan Carlos Beltrán López José Fernando Valencia Grajales** Mayda Soraya Marín Galeano*** Recibido: 30 de noviembre de 2020 - Aceptado: 30 de mayo de 2021 - Publicado: 30 de junio de 2021 DOI: 10.24142/raju.v16n32a1 * El presente artículo es derivado de la línea Constitucionalismo Crítico y Género que hace parte del programa de investigación con código 2019 29-000029 de la línea denominada Dinámicas Urbano-Regionales, Economía Solidaria y Construcción de Paz Territorial en Antioquia, que a su vez tiene como sublíneas de trabajo las siguientes: Construcción del Sujeto Político, Ciudadanía y Transformación Social; Constitucionalismo Crítico y Género; Globalización, Derechos Humanos y Políticas Públicas, y Conflicto Territorio y Paz e Investigación Formativa. ** Docente investigador Universidad Autónoma Latinoamericana (UNAULA); Abogado, Universidad de Antioquia; Politólogo, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín; Especialista en Cultu- ra Política: Pedagogía de los Derechos Humanos, Universidad Autónoma Latinoamericana (UNAU- LA); Magíster en Estudios Urbano Regionales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín; estudiante del Doctorado en Conocimiento y Cultura en América Latina, Instituto Pensamiento y Cultura en América Latina, A. C.; editor de la revista Kavilando y Revista Ratio Juris (UNAULA), Medellín, Colombia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8128-4903; Google Scholar: https://scho- lar.google.es/citations?user=mlzFu8sAAAAJ&hl=es. Correo electrónico: [email protected] *** Directora de la Maestría en Derecho y docente investigadora de la Universidad Católica Luis Amigó, investigadora de la revista Kavilando. -
From Petro-Nationalism to Post-Extractivism in Ecuador Thea
Thea Riofrancos Resource Radicals From Petro-Nationalism to Post-Extractivism in Ecuador Resource Radicals fl1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 Radical Américas 37 38 A series edited by Bruno Bosteels 38 39 and George Ciccariello- Maher 39 fl1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 Resource Radicals 27 28 28 29 29 From Petro- Nationalism 30 30 31 to Post- Extractivism 31 32 in Ec ua dor 32 33 33 34 Thea Riofrancos 34 35 35 36 36 37 Duke University Press 37 38 Durham and London 38 39 2020 39 © 2020 Duke University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of Amer i ca on acid- free paper ∞ Designed by Drew Sisk Typeset in Portrait Text and Helvetica Neue by Westchester Publishing Services. Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Names: Riofrancos, Thea N., author. Title: Resource radicals : from petro-nationalism to post-extractivism in Ecuador / Thea Riofrancos. -
University of California Santa Cruz Marxism
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ MARXISM AND CONSTITUENT POWER IN LATIN AMERICA: THEORY AND HISTORY FROM THE MID-TWENTIETH CENTURY THROUGH THE PINK TIDE A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in HISTORY OF CONSCIOUSNESS with an emphasis in POLITICS by Robert Cavooris December 2019 The dissertation of Robert Cavooris is approved: _______________________________________ Robert Meister, Chair _______________________________________ Guillermo Delgado-P. _______________________________________ Juan Poblete _______________________________________ Megan Thomas _________________________________________ Quentin Williams Acting Vice Provost and Dean of Graduate Studies © Copyright by Robert Cavooris, 2019. All rights reserved. Table of Contents Abstract iv Acknowledgements and Dedication vi Preface x Introduction 1 Chapter 1 41 Intellectuals and Political Strategy: Hegemony, Posthegemony, and Post-Marxist Theory in Latin America Chapter 2 83 Constituent Power and Capitalism in the Works of René Zavaleta Mercado Chapter 3 137 Bolivian Insurgency and the Early Work of Comuna Chapter 4 204 Potentials and Limitations of the Bolivian ‘Process of Change’ Conclusions 261 Appendix: List of Major Works by Comuna (1999–2011) 266 Bibliography 271 iii Abstract Marxism and Constituent Power in Latin America: Theory and History from the Mid-Twentieth Century through The Pink Tide Robert Cavooris Throughout the history of Marxist theory and practice in Latin America, certain questions recur. What is the relationship between political and social revolution? How can state institutions serve as tools for political change? What is the basis for mass collective political agency? And how can intellectual work contribute to broader emancipatory political movements? Through textual and historical analysis, this dissertation examines how Latin American intellectuals and political actors have reframed and answered these questions in changing historical circumstances. -
Indigenous Movements from Oppressed Nationalities
From Oppressed Nationalities to Ethno-Nationalists: Historicizing Ecuador’s Indigenous Movement Marc Becker 3209 Atwood Ave Madison, WI 53704 608-244-7817 [email protected] December 5, 2007 Abstract: Activists and academics alike celebrated the consolidation of an ethno-nationalist identity among Ecuador’s Indigenous movements in the 1980s and 1990s as a novel and important development in the Andes. Many people, however, are unaware of the deeper historical roots of this discourse. In the 1920s the Moscow-based Communist International constructed Indigenous peoples as a nationality, and advocated an independent Indigenous republic in the Andes. By the 1930s Indigenous and leftist activists in Ecuador had made that construction their own as they commonly began to refer to Indigenous nationalities. Although little noted, this discourse persisted in leftist circles throughout the twentieth century. What emerged at the end of the century was not so much a new way of constructing identities, but a return to time-proven methods of organizing popular movements. Thus, it is not a break from the past but successfully building on previous struggles that explains a strong Indigenous movement in Ecuador. Bio: Marc Becker is an associate professor of Latin American History at Truman State University, Missouri’s premier, highly selective liberal arts institution. He writes and teaches about race, class, and gender in popular movements in Latin America. He has a forthcoming book from Duke University Press on the history of Indigenous movements in twentieth-century Ecuador. He is the Chair of the Andean Studies committee of the Conference on Latin American History (CLAH), and a council member of the Ethnicity, Race and Indigenous Peoples (ERIP) section of the Latin American Studies Association (LASA). -
View / Open Pomeslorences Oregon 0171N 12517.Pdf
WHOSE AUTONOMY? AN ANALYSIS OF THE DIFFERENT MEANINGS OF AUTONOMY IN BOLIVIA, AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE AUTONOMY REGIME by MARIA POMÉS LORENCÉS A THESIS Presented to the Department of International Studies and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts June 2019 THESIS APPROVAL PAGE Student: Maria Pomés Lorencés Title: Whose Autonomy? An Analysis of the Different Meanings of Autonomy in Bolivia, and their Impact on the Autonomy Regime. This thesis has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts degree in the Department of International Studies by: Derrick Hindery Chairperson Erin Beck Member Will Johnson Member and Janet Woodruff-Borden Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School Original approval signatures are on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School. Degree awarded June 2019 ii © 2019 Maria Pomés Lorencés This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial United States License. iii THESIS ABSTRACT Maria Pomés Lorencés Master of Arts Department of International Studies June 2019 Title: Whose Autonomy? An Analysis of the Different Meanings of Autonomy in Bolivia, and their Impact on the Autonomy Regime. This thesis explores the diverse meanings attached to the concept of autonomy in Bolivia. Different sectors of society at the state level, and individuals from indigenous nations at the local level –in particular the Monkoxt of Lomerío–, attach different meanings, expectations and hopes to autonomy. This thesis analyzes how the different understandings have impacted the implementation of the autonomy system, and it also explores how they may influence the future of the autonomy model in Bolivia. -
IHRC Submission on Bolivia
VIOLATIONS OF THE RIGHT TO LIFE, RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION, RIGHT TO ASSEMBLY & ASSOCIATION, AND OTHERS: ONGOING HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN BOLIVIA Submission to the United Nations Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions from Harvard Law School’s International Human Rights Clinic Cc: Special Rapporteur on the independence of judges and lawyers Special Rapporteur on the f reedom of opinion and expression Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association Special Rapporteur on the rights of Indigenous peoples Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism The International Human Rights Clinic (IHRC) at Harvard Law School seeks to protect and promote human rights and internation-al humanitarian law through documentation; legal, factual, and stra-tegic analysis; litigation before national, regional, and internation-al bodies; treaty negotiations; and policy and advocacy initiatives. Table of Contents Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................... 1 Recommendations to the U.N. Special Rapporteurs ........................................................................... 2 Facts ............................................................................................................................................... 3 Background on the Current Crisis ........................................................................................................ 3 State Violence Against Protesters -
Not for Publication Institute of Current World Affairs
NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT WRITER'S CONSENT INSTITUTE OF CURRENT WORLD AFFAIRS WLM- 21 November 1988 La Paz, BOLIVIA Peter Bird Martin Executive Director Institute of Current World Affairs Wheelock House 4 West Wheelock Street Hanover, Ntt 03755 Dear Peter, Bolivian Minister of Foreign Relations and Culture Guillermo Luis Bedregal Gutierrez took the time to see me on Saturday morning in his private office of the Ministry that sits on the corner of the Plaza Murillo in downtown La Paz. He wore a silk ascot and sportcoat in lieu of the formal club tie and flannel suit in which have seen him on other occasions. Indeed, was lucky to get the interview during one of the Minister's rare moments of relaxation. Foreign Minister Bedregal had Oust returned from the Organization of American States summit held in San Salvador, E1 Salvador, last Thursday, and he is on his way to Vienna, Austria, today to preside over the United Nations sponsored Conference of Plenipotentiaries to discuss the illicit traffic of drugs around the world. Guillermo Bedregal's curriculum vitae would make an appropriate entry for an edition of Who's Who in Bolivian Politics if such a book existed. The holder of a doctorate in law from the Central University of Madrid, Bedregal also graduated from Spain's prestigious Diplomatic Academy before taking yet another degree, this time in economics, from the Universitat Ruprecht Karl in Heidelberg, Germany. Guillermo Bedregal's education has served him well. He first gained enduring fame in Bolivian politics as President of the Corporaci6n Minera de Bolivia (COMIBOL) during Victor Paz Estenssoro's second administration, 1960-64. -
THE RAINBOW FLAG of the INCAS by Gustav Tracchia
THE RAINBOW FLAG OF THE INCAS by Gustav Tracchia PROLOGUE: The people of this pre-Columbian culture that flourished in the mid- Andes region of South America (known as The Empire of The Incas) called their realm: Tawantinsuyo, meaning the four corners. The word INCA is Quechua for Lord or King and was attached to the name of the ruler e.g., Huascar Inca or Huayna Capac Inca. In Quechua, the official language of the empire; Suyo is corner and Tawa, number four. Ntin is the way to form the plural. Fig. 1 Map of the Tawantinsuyo Wikipedia, (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/file:inca expansion.png) 1 Gustav Tracchia The "four corners" or suyos radiated from the capital, Cuzco: - Chincasuyo: Northwest Peru, present day Ecuador and the tip of Southern Colombia. - Contisuyo: nearest to Cuzco, south-central within the area of modern Peru. - Antisuyo: almost as long as Chincansuyo but on the eastern side of the Andes, from northern Peru to parts of upper eastern Bolivia. - Collasuyo: Southwest: all of western Bolivia, northern Chile and northwest of Argentina. Fig. 2 Cobo, Historia, schematic division of the four suyos 2 The Rainbow Flag of the Incas Fig. 3 Map of Tawantinsuyo, overlapping present day South American political division. ()www.geocities.com/Tropics/beach/2523/maps/perutawan1.html To simplify, I am going to call this still mysterious pre-Columbian kingdom, not Tawantinsuyo, but the "Empire of the Incas" or "The Inca Empire." I am also going to refer to events related to the culture of the Incas as "Incasic" or "Incan". -
Performance of Banks and Microfinance in Bolivia
POOLING VERSUS SEPARATING REGULATION: THE PERFORMANCE OF BANKS AND MICROFINANCE IN BOLIVIA UNDER SYSTEMIC SHOCKS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Marcelo Villafani‐Ibarnegaray ***** The Ohio State University 2008 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Claudio Gonzalez‐Vega, Adviser Professor Mario Miranda Adviser Graduate Program in Professor Joseph Kaboski Agricultural, Environmental and Development Economics i ABSTRACT Bank superintendents implement prudential regulation that simultaneously seeks protection of the stability and solvency of financial intermediaries and several dimensions of financial deepening. If they use only one instrument, a given level of safety is achieved at the expense of some intermediation. The question addressed by this dissertation are the excessive losses of intermediation efficiency from a single, uniform (pooling) regulation, which treated loan portfolios built with a traditional banking technology or with a microfinance technology as if they carried the same risk profile. Given significant differences between the two lending technologies, in their ability to match their clienteles and to recognize different risks, a differentiated (separating) set of prudential norms would contribute more to the dual goals of stability as well as financial deepening and breadth of outreach. This task is specially challenging in developing countries exposed to frequent systemic shocks. The dissertation develops a simple theoretical framework to guide regulators about the welfare shortcomings of pooling regulation, compared to separating regulation. If the risk profiles of the portfolios are different, different prudential norms should be applied. The problem for the regulator, however, is incomplete information ii about these risk profiles and the high costs of overcoming the information imperfections about their characteristics. -
Human Rights Violations to Indigenous People in Competitive Authoritarian Regimes in South America
HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS TO INDIGENOUS PEOPLE IN COMPETITIVE AUTHORITARIAN REGIMES IN SOUTH AMERICA A thesis submitted to the Kent State University Honors College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for University Honors by Jhanisse Vaca Daza May, 2016 ii Thesis written by Jhanisse Vaca Daza Approved by ____________________________________________ , Advisor _________________________ Chair, Department of Political Science Accepted by ___________________________________________________, Dean, Honors College iii iv TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................1 1. Research Question. ......................................................................................................1 2. Literature Review.........................................................................................................5 3. Research Design.........................................................................................................13 A. BOLIVIA ......................................................................................................................18 1. Background ................................................................................................................18 a. TIPNIS Territory ....................................................................................................18 b. Project of Roadway through the TIPNIS announced .............................................21 c. Erosion of democracy in Bolivia -
The Aymara Year Count: Calendrical Translations in Tiwanaku, Bolivia
THE AYMARA YEAR COUNT: CALENDRICAL TRANSLATIONS IN TIWANAKU, BOLIVIA Clare A. Sammells Bucknell University This article considers the Aymara year count that appeared in Bolivian newspapers in 1988 in connection with June solstice celebrations at the pre- Columbian archaeological site of Tiwanaku. The Aymara year communicates politico-temporal meanings; its numbers are evocative, which is why it has gained traction as an accepted part of solstice celebrations in the media and with the Bolivian public. The Aymara year count is a numeric expression of three implicit interrelated political statements. First, it shows that the Aymara have a history that reaches far deeper than their involvement with European conquerors. Second, it links Aymara history to broader pan-indigenous histories. Finally, it demonstrates to non-indigenous audiences that Aymara history, astronomy, and mathematics are rational and sophisticated. This final claim is achieved by using timekeeping to translate very real Tiwanakota accomplishments into an idiom understandable to national and international audiences. The Aymara year count is not used as a method of quantitative timekeeping. Instead, it forms part of the politics that invoke the past. (Bolivia, Tiwanaku, Aymara, indigenous politics, calendars, time, numbers) Numbers give the appearance of universality, although this is a cultural construction. Numbers are the stuff of math, but they also convey meanings with important political and social ramifications. Numbers and statistics offer the illusion of transcending social divides by appearing to cross linguistic boundaries. “57” may be pronounced differently in English, Spanish, and French, but is written the same and refers to the same quantity. Numbers are assumed to be the universal language in which one can conduct transnational commerce and even extraterrestrial diplomacy.