'Greek' and 'Roman' in Latin Medical Texts

‘Greek’ and ‘Roman’ in Latin Medical Texts Studies in Ancient Medicine Edited by John Scarborough Philip J. van der Eijk Ann Ellis Hanson Joseph Ziegler VOLUME 42 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/sam ‘Greek’ and ‘Roman’ in Latin Medical Texts Studies in Cultural Change and Exchange in Ancient Medicine Edited by Brigitte Maire LEIDEN | BOSTON Cover illustration: Detail of the mark of the printer Johann Setzer engraved on wood in the end of the edition of Celsus’ De medicina printed in Haguenau in 1528. Dimensions: 6.56 × 8 cm. © Private collection, with the kind authorization of the owner. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data ‘Greek’ and ‘Roman’ in Latin medical texts : studies in cultural change and exchange in ancient medicine / edited by Brigitte Maire. p. ; cm. — (Studies in ancient medicine, ISSN 0925-1421 ; volume 42) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-24278-4 (hardback : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-90-04-27386-3 (e-book) I. Maire, Brigitte, editor. II. Series: Studies in ancient medicine ; v. 42. 0925-1421 [DNLM: 1. History of Medicine—Congresses. 2. History, Ancient—Congresses. 3. Culture—Congresses. 4. Greek World—Congresses. 5. Roman World—Congresses. W1 ST918K v. 42 2014 / WZ 51] R138 610.938—dc23 2014014737 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual ‘Brill’ typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, ipa, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 0925-1421 isbn 978 90 04 24278 4 (hardback) isbn 978 90 04 27386 3 (e-book) Copyright 2014 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill nv incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Nijhoff, Global Oriental and Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill nv provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, ma 01923, usa. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Contents Preface ix Introduction 1 Brigitte Maire part 1 The Physician 5 1 Greek and Roman Patients under Galen’s Gaze: A Doctor at the Crossroads of Two Cultures 7 Véronique Boudon-Millot 2 “Memorial” Strategies of Court Physicians in the Imperial Period 25 Sébastien Barbara 3 The Identity, Legal Status and Origin of the Roman Army’s Medical Staff in the Imperial Age 43 Pascal Bader part 2 Medical Practice and Theory 61 4 Pneumatism in Seneca: An Example of Interaction between Physics and Medicine 63 Frédéric Le Blay 5 References to Medical Authors in Non-Medical Latin Literature 77 Innocenzo Mazzini 6 At the Crossroads of Greek and Roman Medicine: The Contribution of Latin Papyri 1. Medical Texts; 2. Iatromagical Papyri 92 Marie-Hélène Marganne and Magali de Haro Sanchez vi contents part 3 Anatomy and Pathology 117 7 Calcidius, Witness to Greek Medical Theories: Eye Anatomy and Pathology 119 Béatrice Bakhouche 8 Physical Pain in Celsus’ On Medicine 137 Aurélien Gautherie part 4 Pharmacology and Magic 155 9 The Pharmacological Treatise Περὶ εὐφορβίου of Juba II, King of Mauretania 157 Antoine Pietrobelli 10 “As a Matter of Fact, This is Not Difficult to Understand!”: The Addresses to the Reader in Greek and Latin Pharmacological Poetry 183 Svetlana Hautala 11 Magical Formulas in Pliny’s Natural History: Origins, Sources, Parallels 201 Patricia Gaillard-Seux 12 On Analgesic and Narcotic Plants: Pliny and His Greek Sources, the History of a Complex Graft 224 Valérie Bonet 13 Collyrium Names Attested on Stone Tablets: The Example of the Helvetian Corpus 240 Muriel Pardon-Labonnelie contents vii part 5 Language and Establishment of the Text 257 14 The Meaning and Etymology of the Adjective Apiosus 259 Vincenzo Ortoleva 15 The Latin and Greek Tradition of the Corpus Oribasianum 289 Serena Buzzi and Federico Messina 16 Galen of Pergamum: A Witness of Scribonius Largus’ Œuvre 315 Alessia Guardasole 17 Greek Medicine in Scribonius Largus’ Compositiones 330 Sergio Sconocchia 18 The Ancient Latin Commentary on the Hippocratic Aphorisms on the Threshold of the Twelfth Century 350 Manuel E. Vázquez Buján 19 On Terminological Variation in the Late Latin Translation of the Hippocratic Aphorisms 368 Gerd V.M. Haverling 20 From Cassius Felix to Tereoperica: New Considerations on Indirect Tradition 383 Laura López Figueroa 21 The Author of Book 10 of the Mulomedicina Chironis and Its Greek and Latin Sources 402 Valérie Gitton Ripoll Indices Index Locorum 421 Inscriptions 440 Papyrus and Ostraca 441 Manuscripts 442 General Index 444 Preface1 The most rewarding undertakings are those that are shared. They are never solitary, but arise from encounters between real people, between scholars from the same and from neighbouring disciplines that enable us to explore new horizons outside existing academic boundaries. The complementary character of competences and approaches alike is the basis of ever fresh developments in the study of the history of medicine, providing new vistas, and it is to this end that this volume hopes to contribute. Its publication has been made possible thanks to Brill Academic Publishers, especially Caroline van Erp, Tessel Jonquière, and Judy Pereira, as well as Philip van der Eijk, who welcomed it into the Studies in Ancient Medicine series. A special word of thanks goes to Klaus-Dietrich Fischer and Brigitte Coutaz for their support, advice and friendship. The volume brings together twenty-one papers from a colloquium on Latin medical texts organized by me at the University of Lausanne from 3 to 6 November 2010. The papers read there were revised for publication and then reviewed by two successive editorial committees composed of international experts. The conference was sup- ported by the Swiss National Research Foundation, the Chuard-Schmid Foundation, the Institute for Archaeology and Ancient Studies (IASA, Faculty of Arts, University of Lausanne) and the University’s Institute for the History of Medicine & Public Health (IUHMSP, Faculty of Biology and Medicine and CHUV, the regional university hospital) for its generous contribution towards the costs of preparing this volume. The participants came from a number of different disciplines within classical studies (Greek and Latin philology, ancient medicine, ancient philosophy, ancient history, anthropology, papyrology, epigraphy, iconography, and classical archaeology). Their personal points of view provided complementary perspectives on the theme of the conference: At the Crossroads of Greek and Roman Medicine: Contributions to the History of a Transfer in Science and Culture. This colloquium was one in the well-known series of triennial academic conferences on Latin medical texts, inaugurated by Innocenzo Mazzini at Macerata almost thirty years ago. At the same time, it introduced two major innovations. The first was a workshop for doctoral candidates and young researchers, funded by the University Conference for Western Switzerland (CUSO, Conférence universitaire de Suisse occi- dentale), which allowed a number of junior scholars to present their research within the context of an international colloquium. The second innovation was the decision to present the conference proceedings in English (the volumes from the previous conferences had been multilingual, with 1 Translated by Beverly Maeder. x maire contributions in French, Italian, Spanish, English, German, and Latin). This decision was motivated by our desire to reach an audience as large as possible. We therefore hope that the readership of this volume will not be limited to philologists, but will also include many historians of medicine, physicians interested in the humanities, and non-specialist readers eager to gain a more profound understanding of ancient socie- ties and the debates initiated then and there about the body, knowledge about the body, and its care and treatment. Brigitte Maire Introduction1 Latin medical texts transmit practices and theories of medicine inherited essentially from Greece. They reflect processes of combination, assimilation, and transformation of knowledge. These processes provide a fertile context for a better understanding of the development of medical doctors, medical practice, and its underlying theories. The interest for all things living, both human and animal, saw a constant growth throughout antiquity and was accompa- nied by an ever-increasing willingness to learn more about the body in sick- ness and in health, about anatomy, pathology, and pharmacology. Focusing on ancient medical texts allows us to perceive facets that shed much light on the contacts that took place between the Greek and Roman wor- lds, between two forms of thought that were distinct yet complementary all the same. The authors of this volume have paid particular attention to the history of ideas surrounding the body, ways of getting to know its functioning, the illnesses it was prey to, and the therapies going with them. Although it is usual to speak of Graeco-Roman medicine, this volume focuses on Roman medicine as represented in medical literature written in Latin. Latin treatises on medicine relied in effect on works written in Greek,

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