DOCUMEET BESUBE ED 051 217 SP 007 316 TITLE Art for Children. A Guide for. Creative Experiences in the Elementary School. INSTITUTION Battle Creek Public Schools, Mich. NOTE 128p.

EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF-$0.65 HC-$6.58 DESCRIPTORS *Art Activities, *Art Education, *Art Expression, *Curriculum Guides, *Elementary School Curriculum, Grade 1, Grade 2, Grade 3, Grade 4, Grade 5, Grade 6, Kindergarten

ABSTRACT GRADES OR AGES: K-6. SUBJECT MATTER: Art. ORGANIZATION AND PHYSICAL APPEARANCE: The guide, which is intended as a basic sequential program, has three main sections:1) Kaleidoscope, described as a frame of reference for creative experiences and outlining the aims of the program, types of art experiences, art appreciation, and guidelines for the teacher; 2) artistic growth and daily living: grade level programs, with suggestions for each grade; and 3)the challenge of the media, arranged alphabetically according to the medium, process or category, with activities in each section arranged on the graduated scale of difficulty. The guide is lithographed, illustrated, and spiral bound with a card cover. OBJECTIVES AND ACTIVITIES: Overall objectives are listed at the beginning of the guide. More specific objectives are given with the outlined activities for each grade. Detailed activities are given in the chapter on media. INSTRUCTIONAL ZATERIALS: Details of materials required are given for all the activities in the chapter on media. STUDENT ASSESSMENT: No provisions are made for evaluation. (MBM) I m 1101016°"- 11113621--&-vtti OF HEALTH, ED051217 THISDUCED DOCUMENT EXACTLY HAS AS U.S DEPARTMENT EDUCATIONOFFICE & WELFARE OF EDUCATION ORGANIZATION ORIG- RECEIVED FROM BEEN REPRO- ART FOR CREATIVE EXPERIENCESELEMENTARY SCHOOL A GUIDE IN FOR CHILDREN INATINGTHECATIONREPRESENTIONS PERSON ITSTATED POSITIONPOINTS OR OFFICIAL DO OF OP. NOT NECESSARILY POLICYOFFICE OF VIEWEDU- OR OPIN- 1 SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS HARRY R. DAVIDSON "Sa.rtr) BATTLE CREEK PUBLIC SCHOOLS BATTLE CREEK MICHIGAN Latreagras) N V") DIVISIONDI 7009 OF INSTRUCTION ART FOR CHILDREN TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACETITLEFOREWORD PAGE KALEIDESCOPE ArtAims Experiences of the Art Program 21 ARTISTIC GROWTH AND DAILY LIVING: GRADE LEVEL PROGRAMS WhenChildren,Art Appreciation Teaching Art and Art Their Teachers 543 GradesKindergarten ThreeOne and and Two Four 1622106 THE CHALLENGE OF THE MEDIA ChalkTheGrades Challenge Five and of SixMedia 3130 DesignLet'sConstructionClay Exploit our Crayons 52474432 MetalLetteringHolidayDrawing Tool Art i ng 63595853 PaperPostersPamMurals Techniques er-Mache 81736764 StitcheryPuppetryPrintmaking 101968982 RESOURCES WeavingWaterTempera Color Painting 121112109 ART FOR CHILDREN is for all those who are concerned with the creative po- PREFACE addressedtentialsibleingful and for programs thetopersonal principals on-going in expressiontheir that art buildings; programthey mayof children. toin be thetheir able classroom rooms; It to is identify a basic, and teachers andto sequential the encourage Artwho teachers are program mean-respon- who toThiswaywork the suitable bookwith elementary allis atheand revision children challengingArt teachers of anand earlier toindeavor - theirMax guide. differentMisner, to coordinateMy Dorothysincereages, abilities thethanksMarsh art andactivitiesareand extended interests.Margery in a FieldsIt is our- for hope the conscientious that it will prove effort helpful. and many hours they have put into this. StellaArt ConsultantM. Dickerman FJREWORD ThisshipDorothy guide of Mrs. Marsh,represents Stella Miss M. the Margery Dickerman, cooperative Fields Art efforts and Consultant Mr. of ourMax special inMisner, the BattleArt under teachers, Creek the leader- PublicMiss AnSchools.should Artif weprogram provideare to shouldinsure and insure employcreative creative a growth, wide experiences variety we must of materials make for all the children. and Art procedures. experience As teachers Itchal- Thisinglenging guide sequential andis intended enriching. Art program, to assist butthe classroomin no way teacher in providing a continu- is this to be considered an all- roundedcontinuitywhichinclusive can program of beguide program. built in for uponArt our education. Its fromelementary purpose day to is Artday to program. challengeand bring Rather, aboutyou to greater provide city-wide a well- it provides a base tionprogramWithoutideas, of children. your cannotand encouragement,enjoy possibleWe using hope reach ityou with support, willthe your studyoptimum students. guidance this potential guide, and supplement understanding, it with the your Art it holds for the educa- NeilDirectory, Van Dis Elementary Education I I

L411 ba. .*** 1 I ' " 0 4 F 0 R CR E AT ISJ--EE--Ot A-FALAKEOF RE\FE I E--N OE S AIMS OF THE ART PROGRAM To enable each child to CREATE at his own level. To developprovide opportunitiesin each child afor SENSITIVITY each child to towork color, independently, design and beauty. To insure the CONTINUED GROWTH End DEVELOPMENT of each childMATERIALS.imaginatively, in understanding, and resourcefully skills and appreciation.with a VARIETY OF convictionas"The any teaching human and ofbeing love". art incould the elementaryhave when itschool is done today with isunderstanding, as richly rewarding purpose, a profession planning, Frank Wachowiak and Theodore Ramsey EMPHASIS ART ART EXPERIENCES A challenging Art program for Children must include two categories of Art experiences: The expression of ideas and feelings in a manner Theprimarilyrepresentation, expression visual andof decoration,ideas thus through including and designing graphics. experiences and in The correlation of art activities with major interests of the curriculum is enriching and objects.constructing in craft materials to create particular dramatizations,createmeaningfulimportant original tothat the and models,each children. interesting child dioramas Whenexpresses art. well-itiformed, orThis murals his art interpretation may done bethey in in the willthe and spiritidentifyform thus ofof the maintainswithdrawings,paintings, times the subject studied. his integrity. and It is ART APPRECIATION ofAppreciation creation is ofperhaps the various the most forms sensitive of visual form art isof oneArt Appreciation,of the major goals for into of itthe has Art gone Program. selection, Experiencing contemplation the thrill Toasks,organization, appreciate "Is this good?and the somethingwork Why? of Whatartists, of self. might the To child have round must made out have this it better?" experience some identification must be addedwith :t. appraisal or evaluation when one it may be interest in the subject tomatter, processchildren,meaningful color, of the thoughtfulforms.techniques, teacher canobservation, movement stimulate theor interest form. ultimate By without conducting end ofengaging which discussions is in to too develop much which emotionalanalysis. will produce Appreciationas well reactions as intellectual is from a slow, individual reactions evolving gradeenriched.programThe duringArt-Goes-to-School of The the slides, schooltitles objects below year Program andbyindicate trained discussion is athe cooperativevolunteers content geared of from progr.-.4m toeach. the the interests Art between Center. and thePrograms ages Art ofCenter the are children. continuallyand the schools. updated This and is a special It is brought tc each SecondKindergartenFirst GradeGrade ChildrenPictures Thattoin EnjoyArt Tell a Story SixthFifthFourthThird Grade Grade Grade Grade ContemporaryAmericanArtAnimals Expresive in Art Art ofArt Locale and Times CHILDREN, ART, AND THEIR TEACHERS of developmentexpression.Young children is dependent are creative, upon but learning need experiences,many opportunities and, to fora large self-expression extent, upon in the the adult arts. understanding As a child grows, of his his modes creative Thetechniques,SPECIAL CLASSROOM ART and TEACHERS TEACHERSdesigned to have havedevelop the the responsibility aestheticresponsibility concepts of of offering carrying and a onincreasingcarefully-planned the day -ability today program,forprogram. satisfying sequentialThis artistic involves in self-expression. both a classroom materials and Creativestandingatmosphere Art Education conducive recognizes: to creativity; time and opportunity to work with art materials; enthusiastic motivation and under- that imagination,eacha childs' child interest is reasoning, an individualand a andwill with toresourcefulness do interests are more and important develop needs throughthat than differ a finaluse. from result. those of other children. that a child's objectivesfaithneed in for himself, social are serious approvalhis self-respect, to himincreases and hischange as self-confidence he ingrows character &der. depend as he grows. largely upon thatthat ahis childathe abilitieschild's therapeutic has effort ato need measure should quality for manipulative upbe of to evaluatedArt his provides own experiences. standards.in relationfor emotional, to his ownphysical ability and and aesthetic progress. cutlets. WHEN TEACHING ART PLANoutlined THE in thisPROGRAM guide. in light of children's needs and interests, and incorporate into it he basic understandings and skills PREPAREINTRODUCE FOR THEthe PROJECT, LESSON by discuss assembling possibilities, enrichment different and working ways of materials. handling it,Plan demonstrate time sequence, techniques organization, and set and standards motivation. STUDIOamongand goals. or them WORKTIME listening, follows discussing, the instructional challenging, period. suggesting, Students may be working singly or in groups. The teacher moves and complimenting. CLEAN-UPEVALUATION and CAREand PLANNING OF MATERIALS AHEAD are complete the responsibility the Art lesson. of all though particular chores may be assigned to a few. If the project takes several periods, motivation and project.DISPLAYreinforcement shows of attainmentgoals will be of necessarygoals and iseach earned time. recognition. Evaluation Mat is based or mount on the flat goalswork. setArrange atIt the may three-dimensional beginning be an individual of the or group activity. It is always constructive. aSPECIALpieces clay demonstration on HELPshelves is usingavailable may color be for helpful to large f:et atthem projects a particular off. suchKeep time. as displays murals, current; scenery put or apuppet time limit shows. on A lesson in water color, or Do not hesitate to request such assistance from the Art Consultant. them. 5 &

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."40.wrir V KINDERGARTEN ThisThegaining small activityis thecontrol child period, is important, overexplores "All them. about andnot He manipulatesthe me"expresses visual . product. hismaterials, ideas with gradually simplicity understanding and directness. and Teacher Guidance Providelarge muscles. stimulatinga variety of experiences materials which allow for the use of of PerceptualtellthingsEncourage what the he childawareness is the making. is child making tois indicatedexpress or including his by ideasthe in increase his without pictures. inpressing the number him to BASIC SOCIAL STUDIES: REMEMBER: Frequent and repeated experiencesPEOPLE develope AT HOME security and stimulate growth. Suggested related Art experiences Portraits StickMuralDrawings puppets of the homeTake turns painting or paint parts individually, select, arrange and put together THE FOLLOWING HEADINGS REPRESENT THE FUNDAMENTAL CREATIVE EXPERIENCES ESSENTIAL IN PROVIDING CONSISTENT PaintingsMake a store of trips and takenthings tofor parks, it dairy, fire station, picnics, etc. GROWTH AT THIS GRADE LEVEL. 6 Kindergarten AIMS: KINDERGARTENREPRESENTATION THINGS TO DO: AsAn awarenessopportunity increases,for recalling so experience, does drawing stimulating ability. ideas and suggesting relationships. Family and Experience pictures ,d. "Ourc.b. a."I Picnic"am Flying My Kite" "Mother goes shopping"Brush My Teeth" Pictures of Pets b. c,a."The "My Cow NaughtyKitty Gives Drinks" Puppy" Milk" AIMS: DESIGN THINGS TO DO: ChildDesign has atan any innate age sense means of selection, design and organization color arrangement; and arrangement. works quickly and surely. 0 Paper:Abstract Party arrangement mats, favors, of colors, hats, cards,shapes booklets, and lines book may covers, be called box "designs". coverings,Special Day cutouts. 7 Kindergarten KINDERGARTEN AIMS: Building develops not only manipulative skills, but a sense of balance and possibility. CONSTRUCTION THINGS TO DO: EmptyImagination boxes open has no up limits. a world of pretend; small boxes gaily decorated are gifts, doll furniture or cars. MODELING AND POTTERY AIMS: Claytwo provides pieces ofdirect moist learning clay will experiences: stick together squeezing, and dry without rolling, breaking;punching and thinflattening parts createscrack and shapes; break. THINGS TO DO: DishesFruit and patted animals into fromshape a withsingle thick,, ball rolledof clay up by edges the "push and paperand pull" weights, method. too. 8 Kindergarten KINDERGARTEN AIMS: Imaginative assembling of a few items to create a "friend" through whom the child projects himself PUPPETRY THINGS TO DO: SimpleHand and marionettes finger puppets AIMS: Experiment with texture and color while working together to make something usable. WEAVING THINGS TO DO: Group weaving of mat for play corner eon SEE: "CHALLENGES": THIS WILL PROVIDE YOU WITH SUGGESTIONS ON MATERIALS AND PROCEDURES FOR SUCCESS 9 Kindergarten thanThe firstverbal and or second physical graders expression. like to manipulate and modify materials. Art is a natural mode of expression and often easier GRADES ONE AND TWO Teacher Guidance - feelingProvideEncourageand select for astimulating variety dark subjectschild and of toexperiences materialslight decide for colorsillustration. whatand byand somehe painting discussionwill choice draw, the in then backgroundof their it thatto uses.do will it soinhelp alarge "different the that child it clarifykind"fills the of his paper.color. remembrance Develop a BASIC SOCIAL STUDIES: childrenEstablish for a them.routine for the care of art materials and develop a sense of responsibility in the 1st2nd Grade Grade COMMUNITIESFAMILIES AND SOCIALAND SOCIAL NEEDS NEEDS Suggested related Art experiences; 1st Grade Collage portrait PaintingsFamily book HomesMembers of ofother the kindsfamily, and house, other pets, lands spec:2I (Japan, occasions India, Switzerland) 2nd Grade CutPaintings, Paper cut paper, constructionSchools, old and new Paintings,Posters mixed mediaTransportationCitizenship, manners, sharing, litter Climatic differences (Hawaii, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Alaska, Norway) 10 Grades 1 and 2 THE FOLLOWING HEADINGS REPRESENT FUNDAMENTAL EXPERIENCES FOR THESE GRADES. GRADES ONE AND TWO AIM: Representation is a visual statement on what a child knows, feels or understands. REPRESENTATION THINGS TO DO: Theand following as individual suggestions or group can (mural) be developed work. in a variety of media (tempera, crayon, chalk, paper) OftenPictures suggestive of family titlesand community are a good life. starting point People,"The Farm" homes, pets, toys, birds, fun, trains -- anything interesting and meaningful to the child. "Ways"Fun on to the Travel" Playground" "Falling"Community"Butterfl Leaves" i es" Helpers" rwRvIN AIM: innateDesign sense is a constant of design element and intuitively of the art balances experiences his pictures and is andalways fills inhis play space, with but creativity. must be A encouraged chit,' has an and THINGS TO DO: Paintprovided gny designs with opportunity.- A "Take A Walk" elecign is developed as a story is told SpecialPrintDesignDecorate gift occasion paper booklet mats forcoversand parties holiday and conference projects folders Develop blot designs 11 Grades 1 and 2 AIM: GRADES ONE AND TWO CONSTRUCTION THINGS TO DO: playEye-hand through coordination selection and develops construction through of this objects. physical activity. Resourcefulness and ingenuity are brought into Boxes VehiclesDollBuildings house furniture Wood ModelsPlayhouseToys furniture Gift boxes MODELING AND POTTERY Things that go AIM: Discover characteristics and possibilities of clay through manipulation and guided experiences THINGS TO DO: One-piece Modeling Pottery Experiences AnimalsBirdsFruitsImaginary creatures OrnamentsCandlestickPinch bowl 12 Grades 1 and 2 AIM: GRADES ONE AND TWO PRINTMAKING THINGS TO DO: To become aware of patterns and to experiment with making them by the repetition of a few simple shapes BookletGiftPlaceFolder paper mats covers covers AIM: PUPPETRY THINGS TO DO: creativeProjection dramatization of self into theor song. created puppet gives the activity real value. Create the puppets then use them in StickBallPaper puppets puppets sack puppets 13 Grades 1 and 2 AIM: GRADES ONE AND TWO PAPIER MACHE THINGS TO DO: Manipulative exper,ences with a new median and the making of something useful and attractive "Four-ply"Birds projects DecorationsSmall tray-like dishes STITCHERY AND WEAVING AIM: Create a useful item with color and pattern, while developing finger dexterity and awareness of fabric structure. THINGS TO DO: DesignsPaper Weaving PinBookmarksMatsPictures cushion 14 Grades 1 and 2 AIM: GRADES ONE AND TWO MISCELLANEOUS THINGS TO DO: An imaginative use of different materials to challenge thinking, organization and manual skill. StringPicturesKitesDecorate doodles made stones bythat for' using may paper oddbecome weights materials faces animals, etc. 41 SEE "CHALLENGES": SECTIONTHE ABOVE AND IS ND ONLY FIND HEITHE SKELETAL STRUCTURE. FOR DEPTH AND DETAIL, TURN TO THE CHALLENGE UNDER SPECIFIC MEDIA HEADINGS!

15 Grades 1 and 2 detailsThe "middle vividly. grader" He plans enjoys before challenges doing, and newworks tasks. with Heeffective is imaginative, simplicity. observant, and recalls GRADES THREE AND FOUR experiences and Teacher Guidance- EncourageprojectMotivate at with hand. groupexpression enthusiasm activity of - child's murals, own puppets, ideas andmodels, feelings scenery, and helpetc. him identify with the BASIC SOCIAL STUDIES 3rd Grade REGIONS AND SOCIAL NEEDS t\:./tV Suggested related Art experiences: 4th Grade EXPLORING REGIOLS FAR AND NEAR 3rd Grade Areas to Explore: Deserts Gobi, Australia, Sahara, American Suggested projects for Art experiences:DioramaPaintings PlainsRain Forests U.S.A.,Amazon, Pampa, Congo, Hwang La laya Ho (China) BoxStitcheryMurals movie with felt Suggested related Art experiences: Areas to explore: Forest and desert 4th Grade Suggested projects for Art experiences:Mod CitiesFactoriesFishing and farms NatureWoodMurals collageconstruction collage and arrangement 16 SummaryClay -- Sea booklet forms withof original emphasis cardboard on color prints and pattern Grades 3 and 4 11,-, MOO ESSENTIAL AREAS FOR CREATIVE EXPRESSION IN THE THIRD AND FOURTH GRADES THREE AND FOUR GRADES ARE GIVEN BELOW. AIMS: Personal and direct communication involving seeing, thinking, and visualizing before creatino REPRESENTATION THINGS TO DO: ExperienceImaginative picturesand interpretative in tempera, paintings cut paper, chalk, crayon and mixed media MuralsNature study through rubbings, sketches, design work DESIGN AIMS: DesignIt is the is organization.structure by which the child carries out his ideas. It is the arranging of lines, shapes and colors into a pleasing arrangement. THINGS TO DO: DesignExperiment with withstring lines and combine them into interesting patterns WallPaintHandStencil hangings to musicpainting designs on clothfor folders, using dyemats, and programs crayon 17 .11=1111 Grades 3 and 4 AIMS: GRADES THREE AND FOUR CONSTRUCTIONS THINGS TO DO: To translate an icia or concept through manipulation and building to create fantastic and imaginary 3-D pieces. Wood or Box ModelsToys aAtV WallPeepDioramasImaginary plaques boxes animals AIM: To increase the sensitivity to form and mass. MODELING AND POTTERY THINGS TO DO: CoilPinch pottery bowls (4th) SpoonAnimalsAbstract holders forms for "conversation pieces" 111.1! 18 Grades 3 and 4 GRADES THREE AND FOUR PRINTMAKING AIM: greatThe repetition variety and of a interest. simple shape or unit produces a pattern. Combined with a second or third shape, the pattern has THINGS TO DO: Decorate paper for: Book covers, party mats, gift paper CardboardSpongeVegetableScreen stencils printing printing AIMS: To challenge imagination and ingenuity through making and man Mating an original puppet character. 4 PUPPETRY THINGS TO DO: Paper bag puppets -i DoubleStickShadowSock sackpuppets puppetspuppets puppets 19 Grades 3 and 4 AIM: GRADES THREE AND FOUR PAPIER MACHE THINGS TO DO: To build a sturdy 3-D form over a foundation. PuppetStripFour-ply methodheads, technique rhythm for baskets, forinstruments, decorations, bowls andetc. figure trays accessories, planet models STITCHERY AND WEAVING AIMS: space-fillingIn stitchery - and the craftsmanshipintroduction of area new important. medium, design interpreted in thread, felt and burlap. The consideration of THINGS TO DO: In weaving - an experience that develops new understanding and awareness of design and fabrics. MiniaturesPillowWallMats hangings covers for dioramas Grades 3 and 4 GRADES THREE AND FOUR MISCELLANEOUS AIM: This skill is used primarily with poster making LETTERING THINGS TO DO: PostersCut letters and book freehand covers AIM: MURALS AND FRIEZES THINGS TO DO: To make a mural as a culminating experience of a social studies unit. PartsSectionalSingleCut painted, paperunit mural mural mural arranged and attached to mural SEE "CHALLENGES": THE SURFACE HAS BEEN SCRATCHED. NOW LET'S GET INVOLVED! 21 Grades 3 and 4 WM ISM ISSEI INEM Una MD On On MEI Me MEI GRADES FIVE AND SIX WES WEIR MOD MIEN MEM handlingoriginalityto lively.Therender fifth of realisticallyand and familiar individual sixth materials, grader and drawing, his needs inabilityhis artby to expressionchallengingbe to suresatisfy of himself.his willhim owncontinue with Heexpectations. new is to tooprocesses be often personal, By hampered andemphasizing sincere imaginative by andhis desire Teacher Guidance - constructing.PointEncourage out that expression there is noof original"right" way ideas of anddrawing, feelings, painting, modeling or Individual interpertation is most important. ProvidewithinEncourage his both own and visual standards acknowledge and emotional (never sincere adult). stimulation. effort. Encourage the child to work C) DemonstrateandIntroduce adults to art techniquesshow products that individuals andof different approaches express periods when themselvesand the cultures, need isdifferently. ofevident. other children IntroducethoseProvide who opportunity challenging may show for specialcraft all workchildren ability. in which to participate planning, in care art inactivities, execution, not and just original EncourageAcknowledgetreatment are group theirsincere activity. own effort reward. and give honest, constructive criticism. BASIC SOCIAL STUDIES - 5th Grade 6th Grade EXPLORINGMINORITYEXPLORING AMERICAN GROUPS REGIONS NEIGHBORS OF THE UNITED STATES 22 Grades 5 and 6 GRADES FIVE AND SIX 5thSuggested GraciP: related Art experiences Murals,Exploring painting Regions or of cut the paper United illustrations showing theStates contrast Minority Groups between today's modern city andFabricWeavingCeramics a remote design of of basketsvillage. papier - tie dyedmache and or containers of reed and animalsraffiaprinted in a native fabrics setting SculptureMasksGourdsCharacter of dried papier ofdoll wood and figures -mache decorated pieces made (small, toof use as reed and raffia over a bottleodd-shaped pieces; glue and color) musical instruments or containers Suggested6th Grade: related Art Experiences Exploring American Neighbors Murals,Papier-macheModels,Papier-mache painted cardboard or cermonial paperhand and puppets sculpture wood, masks ofdressed using the of resourcesdwellings ofin the native seas. of costume Canada,traditional Central design and South America CarvingsClayWeaving - model - plaster- make asmall mask ora simple sandpieces to becore loom usingfired symbolic design and used as a Indian motifs and complete as jewelry and weave a wail hanging in a nativein style of the Indian cu. wall decoration to tradition THE FIFTH AND SIXTH GRADE PROGRAM IS BROAD. THE FOLLOWING HEADINGS REPRESENT 23 MAJOR AREAS OF INVOLVEMENT Grades 5 and 6 GRADES FIVE AND SIX REPRESENTATION AIMS: colorPictures more consciously developed composed than previously. with balance, repetition, emphasis and rhythm. Perspective of space, size and THINGS TO DO: InterpretationsFigure drawing of- students experiences enjoy from sketching personal from and briefly school posed life -models, tempera, working chalk, forcrayon, action paper, and proportion ink OutdoorMuralsDioramasScenes - -sketching( three dimensional done in paper sculpture 'niature stage settings, everything experiencesthree dimensional that teach but themuch background about design, color, porportionlimit group and tospace a certain organization area, provide them with paper and drawing board CD VOM41.13.7111211101OR or(may combination be stiff cardboard) of them and work in one the following ways - pencil, crayon, charcoal, watercolor AIM: DESIGN THINGS TO DO: Materials carefully planned and structured with strong emphasis upon craftsmanship DecorativeNamePaper designs mosaics paper cutouts AbstractMultipleDouble-cutCrayon foldpaintings batik silhouettes border wall done cutoutshangings from in chalk two-tone to music paper Metal tooling 24 Grades 5 and 6 AIMS: CLAY MODELINGGRADES AND POTTERY FIVE MAKING AND SIX THINGS TO DO: madeTo enjoy objects. the plasticrmedium to be sensitive to it; to grow in ability to control it and thus to produce well PotteryModeling Planters,Animals, bowls,figures, banks, imaginative decorative abstracts masks CO PRINTMAKING AIMS: THINGS TO DO: Multiple printing from a prepared relief plate, a stencil, or a screen Block Print BookletsWallCards hangings Stencil Print CurtainsPlaceBooklet mats covers Screen PrintInvitationsCardsProgram covers 25 Grades 5 and 6 AIM: GRADES FIVE AND SIX WATERCOLORS THINGS TO DO: andA challenging practice. material calling for understanding and careful planning. This can be achieved through exploration DesignsDiscoveryImaginative and paintingsexplorationFusions, washes, brush techniques, wet painting co Small landscapes PAPER SCULPTURE AIMS: Toof see an paperexciting in 3-Da new form. perspective, to transform it from its flat role to that THINGS TO DO: Decorations ModelsFanciful3-DMobiles pictures and creatures forms of the future 26 Grades 5 and 6 AIMS: GRADES FIVE AND SIX PAPIER-MACHE THINGS TO DO: extras.To create imaginary and exciting forms that require planning, careful construction, colorful painting and imaginative Forms"Animules"Masks overof various wire kinds and meaning JewelryBottlePuppetsRhythm characters instruments ASSEMBLAGE, CONSTRUCTION, CARVING AIMS: Three dimensional experiences combining forethought, dexterity, form and design. THINGS TO Wall plaques of wood and various other materials ToysMosaicsSculpturesFreeModels forms of carvedoftile, stryofoam, seeds from or sandcore, wirestones or reed plaster, clay, wood or other materials 27 ANNEisimmrsinummir Grades 5 and 6 GRADES FIVE AND SIX AIMS: Stitchery and weaving bring together design, color, texture, manipulation and craftsmanship. STITCHERY AND WEAVING THINGS TO DO: Stitchery Weaving ShoppingMatsSamplers bags PursesScarvesPillow covers Group tapestries LETTERING Mats AIMS: THINGS TO DO: Form,Good letteringspacing, isand a skilldesign which are atbasic this considerations.age is a need, and can only be done well through practice. BulletinSignsBookPosters covers boards 28 Grades 5 and 6 GRADES FIVE AND SIX AIMS: The joy of creating a small character and giving him life through manipulation and speech. PUPPETRY THINGS TO DO: Hand puppets with modeled heads MarionettesShoeJointedShadow box stick puppets,dummies puppets from small to life size SEE "CHALLENGES": TURNTHE KEYS THE TOKEY A TOMEANINGFUL THE PROPER ART "CHALLENGE" PROGRAM HAVE AND BEENEXPLORE LISTED IN GREATER HERE. TO DEPTH. DELVE FURTHER,

THE CHALl.ENGE OF MEDIA toThe the parts medium, within process, this sections or category. are arranged alphabetically according avoided.ofThe anddifficulty, experiences experience Select though anoutlined ofexperience thein many inchildren. each appropriateinstances part When are arrangedthe overlappingto minimalthe gradein a directionsgraduated level,could interest not arescale be not sentingAsufficient, word of adviceask the to art the teacher unwary for -- workclarification through or a help.process before pre- it to the children. CHALK thanopportunityLarge, with colorful crayon. for largepictures muscular can be movements made easily and and prevents quickly thewith use chalk, of too sometimes much detail. referred to as pastel. Chalk provides an It is easier to blend colors with chalk POINTERS: GroupIfUseProtect a blendedworkends clothes - as use effect well muchwith as is aprons.. desired,thesides same of chalk.the organization colors Hold may chalk as be for not rubbed tempera as a withpencil, painting. fingertips but loosely, or kleenex. fingers above chalk. UseChalkIfis paperuseda mayspray with driesbe fixative used the too chalk onsoon,to preservepaper is spray called dampened itdrawings. thewith binder. water with fromwater, a starch,bottle with powdered finger operated milk or buttermilk. spray attachment. Whatever PROJECT N, AIMSExperimentation RoughNewspapersChalkMATERIALS textured BlendTryDampen curves, colors, paper swirling light if desired to lines,dark, yellowtwists, throughdots DIRECTIONS BookFolder jackets covers 04 Design NewspapersChal k paper MakePutExperimentgreen linemasking to design blue, with tape etc. on pressure onpaper reverse edges Pictures Composition ChalkRough textured constructionpaper or colored paper AddThink title ofor main name idea, in cutout put it downletters Party mats Stencil Design PaperRoughNewspapers texturedfor stencil 4" xpaper AddFold appropriate the small detailspaper and cutbackground a design in from the BookFolder jackets covers PrintingPaperScissors towels paper -Chalk; WrapRubOpenfolded chalk andforefingeredge placeheavily onin on towel,paper piece pickto of be paperup printed rubbed towel color 31 centerRub through of opening stencil opening, working from edge to oneClay of is theone most of the important most common of our naturalof the earth'sresources. materials. When Theclay greatproducts number have of been ways hardened in which byit can heating be employed them to a makes high it CLAY Claytemperature, usefulis an important items they for are artthe known medium home. as Hand forceramics. children. sculptures Ceramic are objectsthe somewhat are usually chunky, finished expressive with glaze. animals, birds, figures or abstracts. It lends itself to creative and rhythmic modeling or to decorative and The termpieceChildren's pottery on the herepieces bottom includes are with future candlename treasures. and holders, date Make scratchedtiles, sure dishes, that into andgood the otherclay. craftsmanship pieces usually has prevaileddesigned andfor a have specific each use. child identify his satisfyingsuitableThe teacher work experience. plays space, an modelingimportant Good work boardsrole habits in theor aresubstitutes, preparation essential. and for clayadequate work. facilitiesThe proper for consistencycleaning up, of art the necessary clay to be for used, a a PREPARATION, PLANNING AND TOOLS TheFingers clay must are thebe bestof the and consistency ever-present of soft tools. putty Modeling before toolsit can are be availableused successfully. on purchase, or tongue depressors and orange sticks may be used. Slab pieces may necessitate rolling pins and pieces of lathe. - Currently purchased in plastic sacks; store in a cool place. Once opened, it starts to dry out. STORAGE Moist ClayUsed Moist Clay - Return to the sackinSprinkle a centeror tightly-lidded liberally, hole; close then container. hole. close sack tightly. If somewhat dry, make it into a ball, add water Dry Used Clay - Break up and put container.wellin a andseparate pour container.out on a plaster bat. When clay can be handled, wedge and store it in a closed Add water and let soak for a period of time; then work Unfinished Pieces Cover with plastic bag and put in cool place. 32 Clay CLAY CLAYfiring. objects During are completedthis firing the by waterfiring to of a plasticity high temperature is driven inoff a and kiln. the The clay first ingredients firing of greenware are fused is togethercalled the (vitrified). bisque FIRING Thethe second glaze ingredients firing takes fuse place to afterthe clay the bodyapplication and become of glaze, a permanent, and is called hard the coating. second or glaze firing. GLOSSARY OF TERMS During this firing BiscuitBat of Bisque - ClayA flat ware slab thatof plaster orhas boxes been which for fired isindividual usedonce. to use,absorb in athe large moisture box for from use wet in preparation clay. May be of madeclay. in pie tins BoneCeramics Dry - General- As dry term as toclay cover can all be day without work applying that is glazed heat.The and ware fired. is light in color and is fragile. EngobeCore - Colored- A clay clayform slip overdesigning used which for (pronounced a painting slab of claydecoration en'gov). is modeled. on clay body of objects, or for scrafitto GlazeFiring - ABaking mixture the of clay powdered objectis also chemical inapplied a kiln. toand the water glasslike which surface is applied of theto bisque fired ware. or green ware. The term GreenwareImpress - A term- To appliedmake a todesign unfired on claymoist pieces. clay by pressing on object into it. KilnIncise - A- Tofurnace make or a ovendesign in on which moist pottery clay by is carving fired (pronounced into it. "kill"). Leather Hard - Clay which is partlymodeled. dry. The color is still that of moist clay, but the clay is firm and cannot be 33 Clay CLAY TemperatureMaturing - The optimum termperature for firing a clay or glaze. GLOSSARY OF TERMS,(continued) PotteryModeling - Sculptural formsDishes, such astiles, animals, spoonholders figures, andabstracts. other useful items. ScrafittoScore - To- Decoration make marks produced or scratches by scratching on moist lines clay of with a design a tool; through a step in a weldingsurface layertwo pieces of engobe of clay to showtogether the Shp partsClayclay are body which added beneath. has during been the mixed modeling with water process. to the consistency of heavy cream. It is used as glue when TexturedShp Painting Patterns - DecoratingTexture is the with "feel" engobe, of a alsosurface. called A coloredtextured slip, pattern by painting is put into directly the surfaceon leatherhard by incising clay. or impressing. WedgingUnderglaze - The processColor of conditioningpigment painted clay onto removebisque wareair pockets. for decoration. Must be covered with clear glaze and fired. Welding - The process of joining two pieces of clay together with slip. DECORATION GlazesDecoration may be applied to the clay surface in a variety of ways: Consist of materials which, when subjected to intense heat in a kiln, melt and form a thin glossPowdered coating glazes on themust clay be surface.thoroughly They mixed may well be ahead transparent, of usage. opaque, glossy, dull, 34 or textured. Clay DECORATION (continued) CLAY Glazes - To glaze, spongeabsorbpostcard.not the piecebrush glaze.Do or out not dip Applythe glaze it inglaze water thethe toglazebottoms. tospread remove with it. a Industlarge general, and soft fingerprints brush.the glaze Load coatingand the to brush, helpshould the then be porous aboutlet the material the glaze thickness flow on. of Do a Engobes - Colored claysScratch applieddecoration directly to objects is the using design when paring leatherhard.created knives, by scratchingorange sticks through or fingernail the engobe files. to expose the clay body beneath. Mix the engobe to cream consistency. Scraffito SlipLeatherhard Painting vase is the application of the engobe to the clay object Engobe brushed over vase to revealDesign basic scratched color of through vase engobe Stencilingwithcoat. a soft maybrush. be Twodone or on three the greenwarecoats are better body. than Cut shapesone thick such as birds, fish, figures, etc., from paper refire.theortoweling. brush paper outwardWetshape the may towelover be theremoved.shapes stencil thoroughly shape with and slip press of athem contrasting on the clay color. surface. As soon as the slip has dried, Fire objects after engobe decoration, then apply clear glaze and Immediately spray, spatter Texture penholder.Carving is Often done an when over-all the clay texture is ieatherhard. is better to Thecarve tool than can a bedesign a manicure or picture. orange Textures stick, acan bobby also pin be or 7-1 achieved by pressing objects into soft clay and by use of a small comb. 35 Clay CLAY Raised Design - Can be achievedThese by slipmust tracing be added or at the time of construction. DECORATION (continued) the adding on of small coils, balls of clay, etc. Underglaze - Underglaze andtransparent crayons may glaze be usedand fire. to decorate green or bisque ware. Cover carefully with Flowing - When glaze is fired beyond its optimum temperature, it may GLAZE PROBLEMS flow off the piece. Reglaze. CrawlingCrazing - Small cracks throughGlaze thatbut interestinghas pulled awayin sculpture. from the Caused body in by small glaze areas coating and drying exposed fasten the claythan base.the clay body. the glaze are caller' r'rackle or crazing. Not desirable for pottery, Peel ing - The glaze, alsomaySometimes slip, be may a too-thick peel refiring or applicationto a higher temperatureor applying it or on applying ware that a secondis too dry. coat will correct it. break rrom the surface of the clay piece. One cause challengeGlazesuntil are they left complicated norsee charm the results.. andto their their The work. behavior childrens' Be prepared is sometimes pieces for will the erratic. not unexpected be smooth and and recognize perfect -- the if theyunique wer,:, when there you would see it. be no Even foremost potters restrain their expectations 36 Clay WOO' I d ;mom:4 1...cm6 tommm: CLAYIrmo issamm ISM OEM EEO EOM inModel and theworking form outof an to animalshape theor person arms, legsfrom and a lump head. of clay large enough to form completed figure. Shape HAND SCULPTURES the clay by pushing oldwithFigures clay a damp must must finger. be stand of like securely. consistency). To accomplish this, exaggerate the size of the feet If clay must be added, roughen the surface, apply slip and If cracks appear the clay is drying too quickly and should be rubbed press the newor clay include on firmly. a base. (The new and ToAvoid give thin figures and protrudinga sense of parts. life, turn the head and put an arm or leg in a position suggestive of movement. PartsPROJECT thicker than one-inch should be hollowed out. AIMS MATERIALS DIRECTIONS K-1 Fruits Bi rds AwarenessShape of One handful clay Model"push the and items pull" from method. a single lump of clay by the K-1411! "Scribbles" Coil Decorations Small ball0 of clayCisQC)CD3 orRoll figures. clay`( into Fire, coils. glaze Loop and coil refire. on Usecoil toas create ornaments. designs 43 1-2 Birds Representation One handful clay clayend,endsShape anda tail turning makingclay at the into up. longother, aSlowly cucumber. indentations. and model suggest Hold a head Make wingsit in and onepedestal by beak hand stroking at with one 37 type feet. Clay HAND SCULPTURES (continued) CLAY .1.=il.MI 2-3PROJECT Animals AIMSSimplicity One MATERIALShandful clay bothShaperhythmic hands. clay shape.into Slowly ball. Model organize Squeeze the shapeit andinto press ainto single an it withanimal DIRECTIONS Modeloriginalor figure, clay mass insideretaining design. paper as muchsack. Workas possible it into anof the 2-4 Paper Weights touchModeling by size)ClayPaper (tennis sack ball forsurfaceirregular"roads form. by but Developand working "good valleys". further feeling"fingers Remove a particularovershape. it, clay. developingSmooth rhythm Study it 3-4 Animals 111.1=7MIM One-piece One handful clay or Shapemovement. clay intoGlaze a cucumber.and fire. Work ends into a U Modeling backchin,DevelopDivideshape. leg defining legsmassesWork the by st,ggestedclay earswork,ag Place from and on centerfingersform tail. table by to betweenin indentingone standing side front forunder position. head. and the 4-5-6 Animals and figures AdditionsModeling and figure.enoughLump of for clay entire large fingerslargerShape than clayto model theinto completeda large cylinder parts. orfigure compactAdd is extra to be.form parts Shape somewhat with with ShallowmodelingOrangewater dish stick tool of or slip. Hollow figure from base if it is thicker than 1". b) 38 Clay HAND SCULPTURES (continued) CLAY 5PROJECT Animals CoilAIMS Construction ModelingTwoMATERIALS fistsful tool of clay (ThisMakeSketch willbase animal hold by infigure patting approximate during ball of construction. sizeclay andto about action. 3"x5"x3/8" DIRECTIONS AN, workingTileWater or ferother surface slip base positionintoRollIt may twoa ofbecoil Vthe cut shapes.about front away 3/4"legs, Placelater, x weld 4"-6". orone even feet V Divide on omitted).to the the andbase base. bend in the WhenArrangeacrossweld legs to second thebase. can two support V arches; shape weight, inweld position inplace place. of a backthicker legs, coil AddContinueactionWeld shaped in of place. the modelingpieces body Make for it by represents..eachthe adding neck piece andextra conform head clay andorto cutting.the tail. 6 Fantasies Slab Forms ClayRolling pin actionawayorMake bear where of a therug). paper itanimal. is topattern be Fire, thinner. (imagine Strive a "pjncaked" for general animal and refire. Paper2 sticksDamp clip cloth1/2" x 1"x 12" RemovecutrollPlace out.around clay Remove surplus onit with damp sticks, clay.opened cloth Gently place paper between liftpattern clip.animal parallel on by clay placing sticks, and fingerspaper).legsstanding canunder Bend bearposition it from head,weight (if nose ears,necessary, by todraping tail tail. into Work support over position. legs a cancenter 'nto Fire. or rolleduntil Decorate 39 gaily with underglaze and clear glaze. Fire again. Clay 1 CLAY andDesign surface and treatment. craftsmanship Craftsmanship go hand in involves hand in patience,the creation hand of interesting skill, and often and pleasing the ability pottery. to follow Design directions. includes The form, proportion POTTERY EXPERIENCES childrenA basicfinal ingredient geometricmay carve is unit orthe add isimaginative the a simple most successful foot.touch that formakes pottery. a piece Edges unique may and be turnedone's very slightly own. inward or outward. Upper grade PROJECTK-1 Flat dish AIMSSimple Forming ballMATERIALSClay, size small rubber withPat ballfingers. of clay flat. Roll up thick edges. Smooth DIRECTIONS 071i.111111,,INNI K-3 Ornaments Design Clay, walnut size Divide clay in half for two projects. Pat clay 1/4". or Pendants Smoothmoistbutfo:. edges.hanging.add enough). small Press Form coils design the for second decorationin it and piece make (ifthe thea same hold clay is way, K-2 Candle Stick Slab-forming easilyClay,can amount be handled that Shapecandle.sureby p-essing holeclay Smooth isinto deepon ball table. surface enough or cube.Insert with to Ifsupportcandle fingers. ball, flatten tocandle). form bottom hole. Remove (Be 40 Clay POTTERY EXPERIENCES (continued) CLAY 1-6PROJECT Pinch Bowl BasicPotteryAIMS hand fitsClay,MATERIALS hand amount comfort- that slowlyShape pushclay intoright ball. thumb Hold into clay the in center. left palm and DIRECTIONS Paperably 6"x6" KeepbothRevolveand thumbs the press clay base inoutin small.center,hand slowly, whileWhen Hold revolving enlarging bowlsides with pieceare hole.bottom1/2", constantly. Placeplace up theContinueon paper.shape working Pressis pleasing down on walls gently until to flattenthey are bottom. even and . 5-6 Double Pinch Pot forms PinchpotsVariation on ShallowClaywater dish of slip.MakeDecorate Add 2 pinch extras. with potd Makeengobe; same hole size. fire, through Putglaze, together tofire. inside. with 3 Spoon Holder Pencil Holder SpecificDesigning for MoistDamp clay cloth Makeis to a be. pattern In designing the size andit, plan shape for spoona depression holder Purpose Paper clip thethick.in openedclay the Place centerinto paper pattern a simpleor clip.for on rolledShape shapeit and up and Cutabout edges. smooth.around 1/4" Pat it- or 3/8"with roll the IMIN7071=11611ir 41 Clay POTTERY EXPERIENCES (continued) CLAY 4-6 CoilPROJECT Pottery CoilAIMS Construction DampbaseballClay MATERIALS- clothsize ofto indoorcover clayPreparepiece into ofslipdish clay by half putting(size full ofof walnut-sized egg)water. and Break roll piece itoff into a of small a ball. DIRECTIONS canvassDampShallowModelingextra clay clothside water tool ofor oildish palmhands,TakeFlatten aof smallerthen tohand, 1/2" place roll-amount 3/4". outit on Even.a of thecoil clay, table of(No evenform andsloping thickness, with edges). the ball in the cloth theScore1/2" coil - the3/4". on edges the base, of the press base firmly. and apply Join slip.ends Place by Straightgether.tapering Continue sidesboth and rolling applying and slip. adding Weld coils. parts to- - add coils one on top of another. 6 Decorative Imaginative Clay - size of FoldeachFlared and time. cutsides paper - place pattern. coils Pat slightly clay on to dampthe side cloth Mask Construction WatertennisDampTin cupball cancloth PutSmoothit waxwith1/4" paperpaperthick. edges, over Placeclip. prepare can, (Hold pattern drape slip. straight, on clay clay overnot and atit. cut a slant).around PaWax per paper c lips Fire.upperadditionsDecorative Glaze. half oron features Fire.cutting each Mount side mayaway. orfor be hang.Piercelater added hanging. holes by incising, in 42 Clay POTTERY EXPERIENCES (continued) CLAY 5-6PROJECT Vase ConstructionCoilAIMS -Slab DampClayMATERIALS cloth DivideBase. Shapeclay into a ballhalves. of clay, pat flat to 1/4"11101=111011f.1111".11S DIRECTIONS Shallow water cup gently.Wall.Lift Rollflattened out a end fat coil,so clay flatten can endexpand. by striking. =111 3/8" piecesbothPressJoining. from wallmay Score insidepiece be added.upper inand place. edgeoutside. Work of base, Additional parts add together slip. coil-slab support.alwayswithShaping. care. using Any Push twochange and hands support must - one be at made tosame push, slowly time one by andto SurfaceFire. Glaze. pot may be rough, smooth or a combination. Fire. ...,=1. 43 Clay In every child stirs the urge to build by piling form upon form. CONSTRUCTION In an era of machine-made products, the child is often TherobbedEmphasis principles of the in pleasureof construction design of and making mustcomposition thingsbe creativity for -- line,himself; and planes, purpose and mass,the Thenature proportion, experience of true movementplay, is not valid and if contrastit is haphazard give meaning and without to the order. invention and creation, is diminished. workingThework following with in toolsthree activities and dimensional materials. are "quiet" construction. and range Hammers from glue and to saws waste are styrofoam. fine, but are They not provideoften welcomed important in experiencesthe classroom. of K-2PROJECT Model House andVisualizationAIMS designing MATERIALSNewspapersPaper bags bagMake ';rmly house with of paper,milk cartons leaving and enough paper roombags. atStuff top a DIRECTIONS anall objectsides of Milk Cartons tempera,Windows,housesso it can crayon becomedoors be peaked andor a colored neighborhood,details and stapled.paper. can be Combined, eachmade child's with the house K-2 Animals Imaginative Paper bags becomingTake aa-medium part of it. bag, stuff it 2/3 full. Tie off Fish Construction MiscellaneousStringsNewspapers items withandwith crayonsan tiea imaginary heavy off andthe string topconstruction animal Additions or yarn. or favorite paperFill can the bepet.to remainder createmade ....01111/7.0 44 Construction CONSTRUCTION PROJECT AIMS MATERIALS DIRECTIONS 2-4 ConstructionWood SculptureAdditive YarnsFeltGlueWoodscraps Scraps Decorativeaexperimentation,Each single child abstract selectsaccents theyor several mayrepresentative are be glued pieces applied. together ofform. wood. to become After 3-5 Tube Totems GroupConstruction Coloredstores)locallinoleum furniturepapers tubes (from place.Cutdecorative bands of papermasklike that faces fit around on these the tube.and fit Make them in KraftTempera paper Makeboxes,ConstructVariations: individual glue symbolic and tempera.totems forms over directly small ontubes the tube using 4 Box Sculpture AssemblageImaginative Boxes--varietyTubes trialEach arrangements. child selects Boxes several may boxes. be modified Allow timeto suit for GlueColoredMaskingScissors papers tape a purpose.Decorate Staple, (Wild tape, imagination glue or tieis inboxes order!) together. 45 Construction CONSTRUCTION PROJECT5-6 Abstract Sculpture SculptureSubtractiveAIMS HandsawStyrofoam SubtractivePlanRemove on paper, sculpture as little the of sizeis the difficult ofstyrofoam the as DIRECTIONS stryofoam14=11==.17.././IMMID block.in concept. possible. SandpaperFilesWireDowel sticks surfacesUseforscrap a making saw piece smoothed for openings. cuttingof by . Edgesfiling or ma; stryofoam. Files may also be used rubbing with a he rounded and Coping saws Piecesbasketis attractiveof reed,styrofoam dowel without may sticks, addedbe held etc. decoration, but yam, Thetogether styrofoam with (Styrofoam Soakmayfelt or be reedother used in accents warmas a base water may 20-40be added. for papier-mache). minutes to make ,MINNEIP 6 Free Formor Mobile Space Designs BasketGlueTissueCarpet reed paper thread Turnflexible.surface,tie andends Two twist pinand designing down.moist touching reed Several parts.upon parts can possibilities: Arrange on cardboarditself. Glue and be later glued Whentogether.Hangtissue dry, for paper. certain mobiles Glue open or inmount parts place, mayfor trim stabiles. evenly.be faced with colored 01151011. "111111MMIMMIIIIMIN 46 Construction mma UMM NM MN Ma la Wiwi Wma LET'S EXPLOIT OUR CRAYONSPima ama lama map omm omm Ems Immo L.:2211:117Ss .101111110.11.1 theColored wax was wax molded has been into used sticks by or artists "crayons" since which the golden were ageused of for Greek sketching. Art. In the 15th century, the colored pigment and kindergartenpaintedandCrayons combine coffee are versatile,withthrough cans other or third; handy,boxes media. fourth, so clean The they fifth, mostand can and always valuablebe sixthpassed ready. maycrayon quickly. useWith is eitherthe them,The old large size. oneshort ;3/8"can one sketch,size with crayon the color, paper is indicate recommended removed. texture, Store for make thesegrades designs in gaily andpaperGood time crayonmay consuming. vary, application but generally calls forspeaking, a paper 12"x18"with a soft, is large somewhat enough, rough for the surface. effort Newsprintof coloring in in not large suitable. areas Theis tedious size of 14:1C.1 ofArtSince them. medium. crayons Suggestions Varying are such the are atechniques frequentlygiven in the isused onefollowing andmethod familiar pages, the medium,teacher but they used itwill is easybein challenging stimulating to forget thattheonly childrenthey if presented have to realmake well. potential the As best always, as use an Cc:orBlendthe technique is only a means to an end -- the expression of ideas . VaryShade color or vary by pressure, hue by blending blending one and color patterning into another FlatEtchDefine ends Shapes TwistScratchBy directionwhile into moving aof waxy strokes crayon layer of crayon .tc o. PlainPatterns Areas MakesuchAddsometimes interest designs large areas and withmight color. ainteresting sharp,be putCall darkinto attention by theircrayon a change pictures. to patterns of color in or the introduction chi ldrens' of clothes details, and suggest that TexturesSidesRounded Surfaces of EvenFillIncreasecrayon, in strokesflat make crayonareas. denote and pressureShade repeat smoothness, by rhythmictoward exerting edges unevenstrokes greater or strokesblend pressure in roughness, darker on one colors end. and Notchstippling side a A 11 .--..-4-itl. oversuggests different a pebbly surfaces surface. and rubbingDiscover with contrasting side of crayon textures by placing paper 47 "N carce&K\-1.-.'-'41.-- -;.---_-g a;1-._--- :. Crayons----k-i --'- "... CRAYONS PROJECT AIMS MATERIALS Insman= DIRECTIONS Drawings Illustrations ExperienceStoryImaginative PaperCrayons andcontrast,interest.In illustration, details Itor stands furthera combinationthe outsubject the by story. placement, matterof these. is theBackground size center color, of K-3 Designs Line Design PaperOne dark crayon itselfThe line must fill the space, but may not cross 2-4 Designs Indian Designs Paperbrown,Crayons--black, red. turquoise, yellow, ofbands.With vertical a darkDraw and crayon, designs diagonal divide in each lines the band, or paper Indian using into symbols. horizontalrepeats laill.1-1anamm MMINIMIL2-4 Designs LineSerape Design Patterns PaperCrayons CrayonbeHowsome made many on of into sheetingthemkinds a design? into of linesand an Experiment,abstractwear are there? as costume Howthen combinecan they line design. 3-4 Designs Pattern Animals PaperCrayonsPasteScissors design.thenanimalDevelop addTurn out. adetails: paperplaid Mount or to it repeat otheron colored side a motif and construction into cut ana large allover paper 48 Crayons CRAYONS 5-6PROJECT Designs AbstractAIMS Designs Crayon::MA1Paper LRi FillDivide spaces paper with area as with a continuous line design. DIRECTIONS possible.adesign: differentDesign variety, mayIntroduce effect, be balance, mountedhandpaint principles repetition on over colored and it. and(Provided many crayon techniques as vocabularypaper or forof unity. K-6 Crayon Rubbings GreetingPictures cards AwarenessTextural AppropriateCrayon paperscraps paperArrangecrayons of cutsame have or size.torn been paper Hold used papercover full strength) firmly,with second rub over WrappingLeaf Print paper PaperCrayon scraps rubPlacepaper with leaI'with side veinside of sideof crayon up, cover with paper Repeat Designs ScissorsCrayonLeaves scraps overPlace it, a move,cut shape rub, underetc. Make the drawing multiple shapes, crayon paper, rub Textures PaperPaperCrayon scraps arrange,matting,Place paperrub. tiles over or mesh; surface or such put as paper over string, screening, burlap, 01111.1 FlatRough objects surfaces of cutcrayons. andrubber use Use bands in as cut a or paperdesign paperclips. pictures of surface Rub or designs. over with side patterns, or K-6 Resist Mixed Media ThinPaperCrayons tempera lines,thewater,This par-., is etc.) thata technique leaving uncolored.do not some mix. using Brush Apply parts opposing over the the media, entire surface (backgrounds or out- crayon heavily to wax and .117IIMMINEW171.MOSIMINIIMMi, paintwith thin contrasts paint. Resultsin color towill the be crayon used.more striking if the 49 Crayons CRAYONS 3-4PROJECT Color Brilliance Cc!orAIMS CrayonsMATERIALSPaper insipidwhenColor becomesit blue is used and more "shiny green important bright"pictures andthen is hafted.the subject tendency matter to DIRECTIONS differentColorPlanHow the first many greenspicture. t!ie places red are parts, there?can greenthen (Yellow-green, other by used? warm How medium-parts. many Allpatterns,ofgreen, the crayon picture,blue-green, accenting is applied breaking etc. with heavily ) updarks. large and areas smoothly. into tonal Color them. Color the rest 3-4 Design Stencil Design CrayonsScissorsPapers (3"x3", 9"x12") fromFold Applythe paper fold. crayon inSave half heavily both and stencilscut to anedge interesting of of the stencil paper. shape and differenttoplace Letpaper coloritarrangements on with largerbe an heaviest eraser paper. of sameorat Rub edges.cloth-covered stencil:andcrayon Experiment from finger.try stencil with 4-6 3-D Picture Emphasis Concept: Crayons Crayonusing both a background together. (city street, fair, farm, etc.) Background areground PasteConstructionScissorsPaper paper Makethemscene.On another toa Colorshadowbackground paper, brightly. frame draw so ofCut they figuresconstruction fi&res stand appropriate out out paper.and from secure toit. the 50 Crayons ' Lew am meno wen MIR Esse sons Nam was CRAYONS MEM ISM eitiams wow exams 401117New PROJECT3-4 Imaginary Illuscation .111111=k EtchingAIMS SmoothCrayonsMATERIALS paper. Colorin one paper direction heavily and with make warm, color bright one color.layer deep.Stroke DIRECTIONS beentemperaCoverin opposite added. this to withwhich Using direction; a alayer smalla nail, ofor amountdark paperclip,cover cool surface of colorliquid bobby with strokedsoap pin, dark has etc., 00CJl goodenoughVaryscratch thedark-light throughso size that and thebalance. dark type design layer of stroke hasto expose a glowingand scratchbase color color. away and 3-6 Wall Hanging TableSerapes Mats Bold Design MuslinCrayons eachcoverToTack set cloth application. withcolor, dampto place board cloth, Do cloth or not hold apply face stroke firmly. down warm horizontally. Crayon on iron; pad lift heavily.of' after paper, Crayon Batik DyeColorVariation:Dry. in heavily contrasting with brightcolor. colors. Press. DESIGN texture.Design is If the is basicordered, to every aesthetic creative arrangement activity, offor one it provides or more ofthe the skeletal components structure. of art -- line, value, shape, form, color or DesignEach planning is developed session through demands its components: re-emphasis on design. SHAPELINEVALUE - AnThick,- Lightness area thin, or space curved,or darkness within directional, aof design a color definitive having an identity of its own TEXTURECOLORFORM - Describes,AThe three-dimensional actual setsfeel ormoods visual shape and representation creates atmosphere of.a surface -- as rough , smooth , hard, soft, or corrugated Composition. if the organization of a picture or design. Its elements are: BALANCEINTERESTCENTER OF - FormalObtained or throughinformal size, placement, color or movement .UNITYVARIETYREPETITION - Contrasts- Over411Of colors for effect and heightened shapesof oneness which interests help to unify a picture or design 52 Design Drawing is a direct and personal expression. Everyone draws. Some doodle while telephoning, others lay out plans or DRAWING anyDrawingmaps. tool There'are afor child children might recreational is use, an important from sketchers a pencil means and or seriousofbrush, communication. toportrait a finger makers. in In paint, this guide or a stickthe term in wet includes sand. visual expression with experiences.chartDrawing is included is an inter-related here to help part teachers of every understand visual expression, a child's andArt expression, grows in subtlety and to as help the in child planning matures. appropriate The following Art TheCHILD chart showsGROWTH in miniscule AND form theDEVELOPMENT child's natural progress IN in Art. This development is effected by a combination ART STAGESguidanceof factors, OF he including DEVELOPMENT has been his provided physical andand hismental native development, Art ability. his experience with Art materials, the opportunities and APPROX. AGE CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILDREN EXPECTANCIES TEACHER GUIDANCE Manipulative 2-4 WorkingexploringBeginningInterest as materialsinof an manipulatingmotor individual control and squeezing,ownActivitydaubing, sake--scribbling, for coloring pinching,its Providemusclematerials use stimulatinga forvariety large of Symbol ic 3-5 Graduallycontrol developing motor toDevelopment represent objects of symbols experiences.EncourageIncrease expressionexperience betweenDiscovery marks, of relationshipdaubs, etc., Exaggerationand people of im- of ationideas and verbaliz- . and objects in environment Colorimportanteliminationportant seldom parts parts of and relatedun- ofMeasure increasedifferentexpressed growth inthings the by number 53 to reality Drawings CHILD GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN ART STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT -41wINNEW APPROX. AGE ,7111111MM. CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILDREN EXPECTANCIES TEACHER GUIDANCE Knowing 6-9 Interesti.e.,to Depictsself sky in environmentabove, what is known as related to be true Placesbaseline"X-ray"social objects orderliness)(indicating pictures on a show NoManyabout"expression. criticism experiences rather of "Tell than, me Communicatesground under feet pictorially, outside"Series""Fold-over"inside as wellpictures pictures as to --""That's not the way Realistic 9-12 GreaterAwarenessCriticalInterest awareness of of ownin sex group efforts differences of activitiesself prettyGil-Boysships, ladies, sports, flowers planes - interested ininterested in originalEncourageEncourageEmphasize ideas group expression and that activity feelings Art isof adultsInterestSeeks approval in detail of peers and ArtoftenQualitycome ability slumps ofup drawingdoes to becauseobserva- not Encouragethatright therepersonal way is and ofno expression, drawing acknowledgeone representationGreaterleadingtion (Danger stiffness to copywork) of in this arisessinceretechniquesHelp solveeffort problemswhen the needof Overlappingin pictures objects newmaterialsChallengeand methods handling which students of requirethinking with '11..1111=r- 54 Drawings din! NM MS NW Wit NMI {mai P=16.4 idamrt4 f 4s ti" omai ego Ems BASIC DRAWING CONCEPTS DRAWING CENTEROBSERVATIONTHINKING OF - The developingsorting out of perceptualideas and possibilitiesawareness. and making choices. FILLINGINTEREST SPACE - drawingsSpaceThe focal around havepaint theno of background theinterest picture. center Itand may needs are stand called to outrelate vignettes by toits it size, asor studies.well color, as placement,being interesting or direction of itself. of Manymovement. fine FIGURE DRAWING CT)1%, ToTheas adults, abilitya means the to drawoffigures communication. figures drawn to by one's children satisfaction may seen is inadequate.important. A For child this wants reason, to put parents people and in teachers his illustrations are often and guilty to use of trying them development.to hurryKINDERGARTEN a child through AND the EARLY early PRIMARY/ stages of figure drawing. Instead, recognize the figure as related to the child's growth and ASmall womanuniversal children may and bedevise are the to same symbolsbe accepted but forwith representation. for the what addition they ofare A hair man - representation and is a circleline between with of peopleeyes the and legsengaged a tomouth, indicate in variousand a singleskirt. activities. These lines for symbols arms and legs. are canSuggestin botha particular ideasfeel the for situation way pictures his body(to which relate moves will figures include and observeto people the environment). particulardoing something action Preceed in (to others emphasize the drawing-- but acceptthe with use thewhat of armspertinent he does.and activitylegs), Use largeand so thefigures paper child and tools. 55 Drawings DRAWING walking,AsMIDDLE the child GRADES sitting continues or lifting. to drawAsk questionspeople, guide such him as: to "What see the happens figure as to aJohn's whole. legs Stress when the he action runs"? - bending, With befOreChildrenincreased attempting need awareness, to feel to draw the the action. the figures action Have drawn figure. them will pretend be active to rollrather a snowball, than stereotyped reach the and high static. shelf, or throw a ball, findaWhen bright the painting, redwhole sweater, conceptthink ofrather thedifficult figure than at anas first, outlinedmade but up soon form of whole it to will be parts.be filled rewarding in.For A example, child to whohim. paint has thetupperdrawn only part with of crayons the body may as CT) WhenUPPER theGRADES children become realistic-minded and the action must be "right", there are several approaches that Observationtemporarymay help. and Usecrutches Sketching whatever to get suggestion the group below"over thebest hump". fills the need for your group. The suggestions are not rules, but SketchLookDevelopHave at onmodelit as papera afeeling poseshadow with brieflyfor side orproportion, silhouetteof short crayon,orshapes figure in one color paint Gesture Drawings Pose child in stretching or bending position thatUse hascrayon a feeling or charcoal of roundness in a circular about motion it. to make a dark figure 56 Drawing-Figures ACTION DRAWINGS WITH MODEL DRAWING orfreelyStudy movement onposed paper. figure of theSuch for figure. mainlines For areaction instance, not lines. "stick" Representa curvedfigures, line butthe which serveaction givesto by portray drawing the main the a few directiondirection lines "Sausage People" drawnof a bending with no figure thought will ofresult the inbasic a more line freelydirection. moving Build figure body than by thickening the same linespose . gether,joints.Think ofDiscuss using the parts short shapes of crayon the and body pieces, comparative as long then balloons make sizes sketches ofor parts.sausages, from Sketch a overlapping model. simple figures at the to- Contour Drawing aw Uld model, keeping eyes on model during actual drawing, not on paper. Silhouettes Concentrp. on the edges of the figure. Surprise Figures Cut silhouettes out of dark paper. Mount on lighter paper. andScatter feet. five Develop spots about the spots the paper. into action The spots figures. indicate No two the will placementof be alike. the head, hands 0 0 0 57 0 Drawings-Figures HOLIDAY ART A. opportunitydecorations.Holidays are to Forvaluable truly some give opportunities children, of themselves. the makingfor Art activity. of a gift These may be special the most days important generate activity their own of the motivation year, for fortoo makingfew have gifts the and InandIdeas selecting in forthe particular ways a holiday of workingholiday project, projects-- imaginatively, be sure are that not itincludedingeniously can be inhandled this and guide. with by thecraftsmanship. They children, are, however, and is one implied that utilizesin the many suitable media materials. suggestions CT) Keepprojects,Within Holiday the stereotyped general Art creative. plan and there pre-designed must be room patterns for each are invalidone to asindividualize creative activity. the project and make it his own. Assembly line

58 Holiday Art LETTERING jackets,letteringLettering signs, andis a bulletinatool realization needed board byof captions itsall andimportance oneor which ourgreeting upper cards. grade childrenwill have, be realizedin many instance,through such activities as the making of posters, b&,x lost. An interest in SpacingTheletters. manuscript between Cut paper forms letters letters of ofthe a are primaryword block must grades, in style built and on look even, not necessarily measure even. The eye, not generally speaking, only the capitals are cut bystraight the lines and circles, are the basis for pen, painted and the ruler, must, be satisfied. children. drawn CT) allowedEach word between is made them. a unit by placing its letters closely. Words will be read easity if a space the width of an "0" is .r,ill 1 Measured Spacing m Timi Visual Spacing mitedit Space between words 59 Lettering BRUSH OR FELT TIP LETTERING LETTERING Brush lettering is an excellent Materials - 1/4" (if brush lettering). Lined chart paper or 1/2", 1"foundation flat bristle for brushes: all other types as felt tip pens; primary pencils.wellclassified as being ad a sectionquick means of newspaper of effective Tempera in individual pans for large letter practice, sign making. Direction CombinepracticeTurn paper vertical, strokes so lines horizontal,into are capital parallel letters. .to diagonal and curved strokes. Arrows front edge of desk. Working slowly indicate direction of stroke. and with an even stroke, EachappearThe letter lower must top-heavy. half be madeof many to touchletters is made toboth appear the top heavier and bottom than the guide upper lines, and not go beyond either. half so the letter will not Letters of even thickness are made by adjusting brush or pen for the intended stroke. positionLettersnarrow. with to the thick paper and edge thin for strokes are made by keeping theall brushthe strokes. or pen Vertical strokes are wide, horizontal strokes in the same relative 60 Lettering WEI OW MB_ UM EZNI VMS OW UZI LETTERING INSEI WM smut agar. BRUSH OR FELT TIP LETTERING, continued Lower case letters may be made after the capitals are satisfactory. Three guide lines are necessary. SCRIPT LETTERING Materials - Crayors Scissors Directions - Write the wordThicken"Ad" or message section all lines ofiii newspaperwell-formed with crayon or script other (2" paper - 4" tall, depending on purpose) paper,UseCut out asif written pattern lightly, or place then on cutcolored out) paper, draw around it and cut out (May be done directly on final 61 Lettering 3-6GRADE CUT PAPER LETTERS LETTERING DirectionsMaterials rectanglepaperCapitalPaper, as letters widescissorscut from asare the morethe desired strip. suitable The heights rectangles to cut of thanthe letters.are lower-case not Each of uniform letterletters. widthis Cutmade fora stripfrom the lettersofa vary,of I,letterall the Mthe andnarrowestwithin letters. W thebeing rectangle,letter, the widest.should then Thebe cuts cut method itfirst. out. Useis direct: it as a measure for the thickness One visualizes the block AllorCare theletters must height have be of taken flatthe tops lettersthat andnothing will bottoms. not is becut uniform. from the top or bottom edge of the rectangle WhenSomeFor goodletterscutting appearance, may out anbe cutinside by cut foldingpart, the rectanglesput the the paper. scissors wider These intothan are the for A,V,W,M,Y, centerthe other of the letters.AND space, X. onbeforeAllthen lettersa cutlight any to line.should theof them Removeedge be are andarranged pasted. them around one in They it.th3 at adesiredmay time be for linedposition pasting. up alongagainst the the edge background of a ruler or .4 EA 7./ LettersAngui:.;CurvedStraight Letters:cutLetters: Letters: on fold N OQCGDPRBUJSZ of K paper: AMVWXY I L H E F T eachCut paper letter lettersand offsetting may be onegiven on a the shaded other. effect by cutting a dark and light of 62 Lettering ' Lome. Niigata i=f2 01216/0 dale senisis MINS %slim METAL FOIL TOOLING Mae SEIM IMMO INIFYA ESN CON inka um" snots MATERIALS ModelingNewspapersNewsprintCoppertone tools for aluminum and designing - orange soft cloth(or stick, copper for brushpadding foil)* handle, soft pencil CardboardSteelFlatPlasticene, black wool enamelandfor wax highlighting burlap or for plaster foroxidiz;ng mounting to fill (ordepressions liver of sulphur)* O TOOLING - Make design on thin paperRemovePlacePlastic andfoil spray design, on tape pad to turnand foil foiltrace over design on pad with and, pointed pressing tool gently, tool the parts to be raised in rslief. FINISHING - BackgroundFillTurn depressions front sidemay up.be from plainGo backover or tooled lineswith waxand in a orpresssimple clay down pattern some areas to give greater depth MountSprayPolishBrush toenamelraised keep parts metalon with with from cotton steel tarnishing andwool wipe off excess (or dip in liver of sulphur solution)* VARIATION * Indicates variants when copper foil is used - ItAluminum may be antiquedfoil modeled with over liquid cardboard black shoe shapes polish. becomes an interesting variation of tooling. MAW Tnnl inn /swam Ong MEI nag On ME =el In 5111I aZini tilwe II&A UM NM 1116111 liSmo Murals and friezes are splendid group experiences and colorful wall decorations. No other project teaches, directly and indirectly, MURALS AND FRIEZES soornamentedAexecution, much mural about shows and band,design, appreciationmany usually color, facets longerproportion, of others'the and same narrowereffortsspace theme, and than containingorganizationcontributions. a mural. within A as frieze mural-making. the lends design itself time, Itwell requires incident to the thought,development and locale selection, changes. of a sequencepersevereme A frieze of isideas. inan TheBothA richsuitablechildren murals informational andthemeshould friezes mayalso background shouldgrowhave outhad be ofconcerningdesignedmany current previous topicsto the fit atheme opportunities offlat interest surface. selected concerning Decorativeto should use art have suchmaterials purpose been areas acquiredtoand as interpret designmusic, previous theirqualityliterature, experiences to are the safety basic. planning orabout social of thethe studies. topicmural. Inselected, planning before the actual attempting mural, theremember large cooperative that: effort. Main things should be placed first ColorSpottinessBackgroundMain and things design can and should be foreground are avoided importantbe made byshould workinglarge be reduced for grouping to a minimum and overlapping of objects andThe coloredcoatedmaterial paperpapers on which are are the thegood. mostmural common is made materialsdepends partlyused inon school. the type Crayon and size. is not Kraft an paper,effective colored medium, butcher but paint,paper, charcoal, unbleached chalk muslin 64 Murals mos-, ismi NMI MIS INNO 62114 Iiima Omit MURALS Psi ligToki VMS an UM MS Ginso CUT PAPER ForCoatedEach added child paper interest,contributes makes use a colorfula a finishedgreat background variety part. ofPin papers parts inor piace,make thearrange pieces and three-dimensional re-arrange unt., satisfactory TYPES OF MURALS PARTS PAINTED ParticularlyEach child suitable paints somethingor primary gradesfor the mural, cuts it out and pastes it in place ...,amiliet Ti j=,' C=79:1 - MONTAGEr1P1r4NEM. thereMount is individual a common drawings theme in close all drawings. together. Unusually effective if color schemes are similar and SECTIONALtrnr.MR-1 Space divided to suit purpose, usually each space the responsibility of a committee Murals MURALS SPACE DIVISIONS rir:rirMFIF, EncourageleavingHave each other freedom child lines contribute of for movement. space a andline Look orcolor shapefor breakers.forms to mural paper. TYPES OF MURALS (continued) pertaining to theme. Outline the forms, They may overlap SINGLE UNIT 4-.;,.:<,7,-,-...... 7;4 Notied division together :0of space. withr.i horizontals. Grouping and Face overlapping end figures towardimportant. center Center to keepand ends interest dominant, within frame MOSAIC singleDecorative unit muraltype particularly suitable for crowded rooms where it is difficult to work on a large, A. Plan mural as for single unit.makingdivisions Sketch it (oneonas interesting for each child). as possible. Then cut apart. Reassemble, touch up mainmural lines paper. if necessary. ReverseOR. paper, mark off and number Let each child paint his part individually, B. Cut up a small sketch of Assemblemural. Let each child enlarge his piece and paint it in his own way 66 Murals PAPER TECHNIQUESit is all too easily taken for granted, yet prior to 200 B.C., no such papyrusTheproductPaper ancient is existed. insuch the Egyptians seconda familiar wrotecentry item upon in our papyrus, daily lives made that from the fibers B.C. Paper, as we know it, was developed by the of the papyrus plant. Parchment, made from skins, replaced Chinese in A.D. 105. The invention spread to Arabia,withPaper water, but is madewas and not from finally known woodpulp, pressed. in Europe vegetableBefore until paper after fibers, became rags, orso a plentiful, it was respected as something precious and rare. the Crusades. combination of these, which are chemically treated, beaten, mixed Now CollectvastExplore quantities paper the of possibilities are various available, weights of paperand and it isby textures; an cutting, indispensable plain tearing, school bending, part paper of our folding,and lives. patterned twisting, gift curling, paper. pleating, With paste, scissors and sometimes a fringing, weaving and braiding. hPb. charts,stapler masks, or paper stand-up clip, beautiful animals, and birds exciting that fly, things and mobiles,can be done too. POINTERS pictures. designs, greeting cards, decorations, posters. maps, piecehandleAnA important newspaper to rings be applied, withadmonition or the magazine, put index in is pine tofinger with "hold and plentyacting thepress. scissors ofas freshThree a stabilizer- pages,correctly." dimensional is a Thumbboon pieces when and pa..middle "ng. finger Rub paste go into into the the will hold better if the seam or abovecallsCollectjuncture for willusable anis generally putunusual scrapstogether, item,suffice. in athen materialsbox held or drawer. firmly will not Do be not listed save with a mulitude each project. of little Materials pieces. Unless a project for a moment. mentioned 67 Paper Techniques NVIN ION WI Po Vdisk0 1004 Fingki tail t Paii41 1&*i Om* wan mum Naas ma DESIGNS, PICTURES AND DECORATIONS PAPER K-6PROJECT Single Objects FreehandAIMS cutting preliminaryto andcut ashape particular drawing. desired. object, Cut selectthe form a piece directly of frompaper the the paper approximate without size DTI DIRECTIONS 1:=11100111 K-3 Surprise Pictures Imaginative Design Collecteach manychild selectkinds ofa "beginner"paper and piececut into and various a sheet shapes of paper and tosizes. mount Have it on. co K-6 Symmetrical Designs On-the-fold-cutting ArrangeAdd Cutadditional withoutfrom folded pieces further paper. thatcutting areHold of "right" onthe fold, pieces. with cut the in fromprevious fold, selections.and out again on fold. 3-4 Single Unit Folded Degigns Design andtimes.FoldFor contour squar3s, aMake greeting ofcuts circlescuts. card, in from or mc rectangles foldedlint cutout edges, oron other contrasting gaining shapes interest paper. in half by onevarying or more size 68 Paper Techniques PAPER PROJECT AIMS DESIGNS, PICTURES AND DECORATIONS (continued) DIRECTIONS 1-6 Illustration Picture putthingonSelect paper.a downmountain background Parts on backgroundbehind of individualpaper a cowboy to paper se'_ units oncemood until may he arrangement ofbe haspicture. pasted been Cut together, pasted is picturesatisfactory down). but parts (oneout and cannot arrange do not paste any- 5-6 Window Cutouts Transparency ofFor varied "windows", size and fold contour a rectangle in from of the black folded paper. edges. Cut Other an arc openings at the top. may Cut be openings cut by ways.friendsretained.piercing with the Mount hispaper delicateon andtissue, cutting, cutouts. painted or These byor crayoned.refolding were cutand Hans with cutting. Christian the paperA solid Andersen folded border indelighted should different be 4-6 Multiple-Fold Cutting Border Design Foldretained the paper to keep a number the strip of together.times and Use cut, aswith decoratiVe enough of border. the fold on each side 3-6 Paper Mosaics Color Awareness eitherPlanTearuseda sheen, thebrightly to effectively. adesign small and colored beautiful onprepasted heavy pages color paper.Cut areafrom changes ormagazines. paste or tear may them the beSeparate oncoloredworked individually. the papersout. colors Torn Magazineand tissueinto apply boxes may pagesthem oralso trays. have be 69 Paper Techniques DESIGNS, PICTURES AND DECORATIONS (continued) PAPER 4-6 SilhouettesPROJECT MassAIMS and Contour CutMountinteresting. a simple on contrasting design, The shapes flower paper. tell object the story;or scene good from edges black indicate paper. skillMake and edges thought. DIRECTIONS 5-6 Enlarged Paper Design contrastingCut lines in paper.a rectangle. Circles Move and thetriangles pieces may outward also befrom used. the center. Mount on 111111111=1111, CutpointFold on a to squarea it. steep Fold on diagonal. the the other diagonal. side Markover theas farcenter as the of one first edge fold permits.and fold theFold opposite in half. 3-6 Snowflakes centerFold point.a square Cut onin half.the diagonal. Fold in thirds, then in half again --- both folds from the v 3 (\ I / 70 Paper Techniques I= SUN MEM IVEN INNS ISSIN lioNS Wad tattm New bumf flea NIED ggEmm gong' PA'ER SCULPTURE PAPER possibi!itiesFollowingrhythms,Paper changes and areand takesa ways fewcharacter on basicof newworking. techniqueswhen strengths it is crumbled, andand interests.project folded, suggestions. rolled, twisted Many othersor curled; wi I itoccur becomes as the dynamic, children alivebecome with aware planes of and RollFoidIt might aa rectangularrectangular become sheet sheeta silo, andof the paper staple body in ofor half. anpaste animalWhat the does overlappingor the !t suggest?boiler edges.of a \ 00 Makethelocomotive.a acutplatform. cone edges. by By cutting Isfolding it a hat,a and circle the creasing, fromtop of edge ait silo,might to centeror become a cone? and aoverlapping chimney, a box or tED MakeCurlblade. folds paper Fringethat by curvepulling and bycurl a stripscoring* a wide between strip.the paper thumbTails, first eyelashes,and with ruler a paperedge hair? or clip scissor or .(u-c-f3u scissorsScoreindentation ablade. pattern in Scorethe and surface. bend.the side Mount, which hand is to or be stand raised, making a slight *Scoring means pressing a line on the paper with a paper clip, finger nail or other object. With a bit of encouragement, I \ \ \ , I 'he paper will fold on this line even when it curves. 71 Paper Techniques PAPER Connecting devices include the use of tabs and slits, interlocking slits, and notches.Interlocking slits PAPER SCULPTURE (continued) Accordian folds become screens, fans, umbrellas, borders and fences (with openingsNotches cut in folds) Cylinders of different sizes and decorated may turn into hat models, character studies, masks, small animals and birds. 44.--- -IP--".."."^1 I I I / partially,Standing foldanimus head are and cut tail from up rectanglesand out. Decorate. folded in half. The crease is the animals backbone. Cut the animal, open CJs.Expanding fish and paperbog designs results whenmay be paper made is foldedwith folds and cut as indicated. Unfold carefully. cJ 15:Li '27-CS rtz !IBoxes, 'ecorativebaskets and panels furniture have are light made and from shadowed the 16 squaresurfaces. fold. Fold Slit aas rectangular necessary. paper into accordian sections, 3 - 4" wide. purposes.ofCut the pairs units of forward,slits into others the folded back. edges, Panels thinking will stand of thealone. space May between be mounted them on as contrasting a geometric paper shape. or Carefuliypinned up fold for displaysome 72 Paper Techniques PAPIER MACHE theimaginativeofPapier-mache, such materials lacquered forms, are a Frenchinexpensive. items as well asword as Japanese sturdy,mewing useful boxesa combination andand attractiveMexican of paper curios.items. and ThePapier-mache a hardening procs.'m agent,may lends be isitself adapted an ancientto the to creation differentcraft. It isof levels thefantastic common of skill and andbase Materials - Newspapers, wheat paste or other agent, and others as stated in project directions. GENERAL INFORMATION 00 AgentsPasteMixing WheatOther - - theStopFollowOne day. adding part Dividedirections water paste the toas onpaste three soon package. into partsas itsmall showflour containers (approximately).signs of thickening. for individual Sift Do the notuse. flour make slowly more into paste the thanwater is whileneeded stirring. for BaseArmatureNewspaper or - Tear,projects.Most papier-machedo not cut. Hold is formedthe paper :Ilver as a it base is read to giveand tearit a solid str ips foundation. 1/2" Directions are given with the - 2" wide, depending upon their StrippingPaperStrips toweling -- Tear pieces the sizeof ofthe Whena otherquarterintended ready hand. or use. ato Place bit work, Tear larger. the pickonly dampened Use upenough athem strip strips strip forwith the on oneto lastthelast hand, orformfor covering thepull and working it stroke through layer. time.it intothe pasteplace, andfollowing between each the fingers Features - To build up features orplaceare makeindentation generally on raised foundation orsufficient.decorations, curve. and Overlap It fasten is wad advisable inpastedeach place strip topaper by make and crisscrossing into change the desired last direction layer pastedsize of and inpaper strips successiveshape, toweling.over it. layers. Three layers 73 Papier-mache 1 PAPIER MACHE 1 decorated.pastedFour-ply together papier-macheNut cups, one by coasters, one, is thewrinkles baskets,technique smoothed figures, of pasting out, tepees andfour andthen layers such shaped of can newspaper whilebe m:de damp. together. by theWhen method. The dry, four the formpieces, is strongcut from and a canpattern, be are FOUR-PLY METHOD LargeSmalllast four-plyformslayer withmay forms strips require are ,dipped more more satisfactoryinlayers. thin mixtureFor aif maderough of five withfinish, parts the cover paste school surface and paste, one with notpart sawdust wheat plaster paste. andof Paris paste. and For water. a hart surface, apply 1-2PROJECT Dishes, Coasters Cutindentations. 3a morepaper pieces pattern to 4" match - 6" wide. the pattern. Keep shape Rub pastesimple into and #t without Place #2sharp over corners #1, rub or DIRECTIONS 3-4 Butterflies andsmooth.Fold shellac. paper Add #3,and then cut a#4, butterfly in the samepattern. way. Follow Trim aboveand turn directions edges up. for Dry, making. decorate Decorate CD CDoon JailIMPINIONIONIM gaily, hang by a thread or pin to curtains and bulletin boards. 3-6 Decorative Figures Crumbleneck. Put newspaper pasted strips for the over head. the Make face toa wadsmooth about it. the size of a walnut, tie it at the Acm=10.6 17)r t q closewings,threeCut a others,newspaperwith headdress strips. paste patternor together other fcr accessories. and the trim.clothing. For A trousers,1/2 circle cut works up middle for most band figures. into tubes, Cut it around the neck of head piece. Add arms, 74 Papier-mache PAPIER MACHE reliefPaper maps, pulp is small suitable animals for modeling and other the figures heads for and dioramas. hands of Itpuppets may be and used marionettes; at all grade for levels. making model vegetables or fruits; PAPER PULP METHOD Making the paper pulp. Tear paper into tiny pieces, place in basin, pour hot water over and soak GENERAL DIRECTIONS Smallexcessovernight.should objects bewater modeledRub outmay soaked and beover modeledadd paper crumbled, wheat over by flour roughusingrolled until theandsurface mixture pulp tied tonews,like pulverizeis clayof molding it. Squeeze consistency. 'rger objectsin this way, Aftermodeleditless the desired. productpulp on ismasonite used has driedand or the water-proofedthoroughly, drying is speeded wood to up. prevent Relief warping. maps should be it may be sanded, painted and shellacked MHO NM MS KIWI feW listi Mut NMI POW Plea NMI Wow left 1111101 MN PIEBEI Min PAPIER MACHE STRIP METHOD ThisproductionsmayAnimals, methodbe made figures, may requires by be addingbirds, made a firmfish, strips this armature puppet way.of pasted heads, or foundation. paper fruits, to a vegetables, foundation.Depending masks,uponScenery the bowls, forobject, small trays, the dioramas foundation Christmas as wellmay ornaments, asbe stagecrumpled andproperties tableor rolled decorations for news- real thepaper foundation heldPROJECTS together needed with has string, been underscored.boxes, a bowl, balloons, wire, clay, or other combinations of materials, In the 1117 DIRECTIONS following pages K-2 Trays SS SUM.10/7 DecoratePapier-mache artistically. strips over the pressed pulp meat trays gives thorn strength. C0 1-6 Bowls and Baskets 4101011.111111I withInvert newspaper alai on severalstrips that thicknesses have been of dipped.in nempaper. water Completely (this is the cover protective the bowl loser ammoliamosaMolmsmoNosono strips.theDrylayer). directionFor -Trim sand a Apply basket edge of- decorate. the3 andlayers--- layers. add cover of a Dry.pastedbraided with Remove short strips, raffia pasted shell oroverlapping crepe fromstrips paper bowl to each make handle strip a firm and rim. alternating Pull out the loose inside 2-6 Birds Method 1: wrapCrumple around 1 / 4 the sheet newspaper. of newspaper, Dry shape and tie. Wet a paper towel in paste and paint. Add construction or four-ply paper wings Method 2: paperStuffand tail. paperlsack strips or toweling with crumpled (may leavenewspaper. out this Shape step). as Dry desired - paint and - shellac. tie. Cover with STRIP METHODPAPIER (continued) MACHE 3-6PROJECT Decorative Eggs Inflate balloons to desired size, tie tightly. Cover with wet paper strips. Cover j1.1 DIRECTIONS PlanetContainers Model singlewithDry. Eggsapplied3 layerswork and period, shellof "Planets" pasted if sinceit is strips. --not the the dry). balloon (Theballoons first will maypasted gradually layer lose must air be and applied crumple during the a 3-6 Mardi-Gras Masks .. Stuffbe prickedlarge roce and pulled out or left inside. ba with newspaper. Form as desired, staple if necessary. thestripCover decorative two-three with paste linestimes. and Decorate. color must Bear carry in mind around in designing the complete the form.face surface, that strips, dry. Trim bag and cut eye slits. Add appendages and 4-6 Rhythm Instruments rattle.Apply papier-macheDecorate gaily over - shellac. a light bulb. When dry, break the light bulb to provide 4-6 Puppet Heads shellwaddedoffitsMake pasted the togetherbase forefinger, paper strips of modeled withstripped and additional one in of place. paper strips. When toweling. Decorate. dry, slitAdd form features and remove with paper the base. pulp orPut over lasticene (orcrympled newspaper)ase with atied complete over a tubelayer that of wet strips. Add two layers 77 Papier-mache IMMMENIMI STRIP METHODPAPIER (continued MACHE 4-6PROJECT Box Sculpture Addglue.Collect to Cover bodyboxes, with cardboard stringpasted and strips. tubes, paper Cimple,adds strips. and foTdOrDecorate. ends. twistFasten gaily. paper together for ears, with tailsstaples, and brads horns. or DIREC !IONS 4-6 Bottle Characters mannerBuildPutBottles wadded up plusof wanted playing paper,a little parts cards. imagination,ball (arms, or juice etc.) squeezer will but suggest keep in asneck a simplecharacter for a as head. possible. (singer, Strip clown,bottleDecorate completely. fat in:ady). the 5-6 Masks or Heads with Balloon Foundation edgewithInflate masking with balloons strips tape. and of Papier-machewire combine ring. themDecorate over for fantasticballoons. gaily. animal Dry. Cut head hole or in mask. bottom. Secure Reinforce together 5-6 Jewelry Dry.andvarnish,Cardboard, thenDecorate. pin on whiteandcardboard Lacquer. earring napkins, (one backs. binder layer tut on(thinned pattern back, whitefromfront cardboard. designglue excellent), built Tearup and tempera,napkins, shaped putlacquer as indesired). binder or 78 Papier-mache STRIP METHODPAPIER (continued) MACHE PROJECT DIRECTIONS 5-6 Masks from Clay Mold moldwillplasticene.Make pull and a coloroff add noseExaggerate sketchthem when to of 'mask mask,dry.all features. Itlater. isusing generally Put crayonsBe dampened sure more noseor paint. satisfactorycheesecloth is larger Model at the tooverthe omit mask base mold ears in soor maskfromapply andCutDryApplylayer ends.holesand pasted of carefully forstrips eyesstrips dampened remove and or bitsmouth mask ofwith paper,(if water.shell.to be overlapping worn).Trim edges, Decorate and finish going with with paint,in additionaldifferent paper directions. andstrips. odds 5-6 Wire Forms paper.WindBend pastedand Strip. twist Decorate. strips baling around wire ,inwire shape foundation.. for frame. Build Fasten up bodyto wooden with pulp base or with crumbled nails.,

79 Papier-mache kf sr* v4,1).P14.. STRIP METHODPAPIER (continued) MACHE PROJECT5-6 Imaginative Creatures proportionendsMaterials: (beads, and body buttons, design) fur, - raffia,newspapers, etc.). string, rubber bands, tempera, odds and Lengths of wire (number and length of wire pieces dependent on size, DIRECTIONS 314111.1NOM 137MITairelyedge).Directions: Decide at exls. on (Fold creature paper to tobe fitmade. wire, Roll place newspaper wire on it, tightly roll toward over each folded wire, coilsinglePlaceMaking along onecoil Armature back coilover on andthe fortable, otherbend4-legged two fortwo, across neck animal tie securely.and it, placement head. Bend Tie determinedsecurely. leg coils Crushinto by animalposition. newspapers wanted. Place and Bend4th tie 00*NI possiblein place before to give pasting. the animal fullness where needed. Make body as smooth and firm as Stripping:,wrapping Wrap on the body diagonal with pasted and connecting strips - not one as parta bracelet, of the body but 42421 DecoratinTwith another. Add ears (large) and other extras. fig:=X2 appropriateAddShellacPaintSand plumage, roughedgesgaily, touches.imaginatively button eyes, a rope tail and other frivolous or POSTERS TheSuchboth purpose in interests the ofchildren a asposter promoting who is maketo publicize safety, them healthandsome in thoseor to whom the event, servicemanners, or expressingproduct. Posters greetings, in schools advertising are made coming to promote school events, ideas and or conveying attitudes infor- posters are addressed. AllowEffectivemation plenty concerning media of timefor theposters for school, creating include provide the cut poster, worthwhile so it motivation for paper, paper sculpture, tempera and ink. may be exhibited early enough to be effective as a poster. poster making. 00 PlanA poster the entiremust conveyarrangement an idea with in sketches.the flash ofKeep an eye. design simple and bold, playing up only one theme or idea. GENERAL DIRECTIONS SimplicityTheThe illustration most in importantform, may color be feature a and dramatic brevity should statement of generally message of be the is in essential. lettering. the Both upper area and as large and attractive as possible. are integral parts of the design and convey the same idea. ColorsandLettering direct. should See: is abe LETTERINGpart limited of the to designa section.few which and must show be easily read and in strong contrast, with the background less brilliant or vivid than the form shown a style suitable to the message. It needs to be simple, brief Toagainsttime.used evaluate toIfit. theattractIf the message backgroundposter, attention the"reaches to child isthe dark, most him", the important his design and lettering should be may step back and make believe he is poster is successful. part of the poster. light and vicepasserby versa. Thewho most is looking striking at colorthe poster should for be the first 81 Posters PRINTMAKING SerigraphyTherePrintmakingIt areis also three or an stencilis basic Artthe adaptable procedureprintingprintmaking is toofdone methodsthemaking throughclassroom single appropriate. a screen, orand multiple one for parts in children. printswhich of which from children havea prepared find been great blockedplate. satisfaction. It outis both to create an ancient the design. and a modernMonTrintinq Art. is prints are those made from a block with a raised surface Variationsthistheindividual creationguide falland prints.of into adaptationsa single these On the print categories. followingof and the thebasic pages starting printing are point suggestionsmethods of. understanding are suitablemany and forthe produce the meaning classroom. highly of "print". The printing experiences outlined in depth"AlwaysandRemember creates. will print open over the new successful a horizons pad of newspaper printsand each come childor after something will a technique see freshwith hasaposibilities slight been "give". mastered. as he experiments "Printing in aMONOPRINTS sandyundertaking. shore and areA child's theso familiarprint monoprint of thata wet we show hand do not explorationon think a chalkboard. about and them. freshness. A printThey enters include The theartist's tire category marks monoprint on of aArt snow-covered maywhen be it sophisticatedbecomes road, a;footprints conscious and complex, along EXPERIENCES IN PRINTMAKING but bothAIMS employ the same basic method outlined here. Handpaint,MATERIALS tempera or block Paint freely on the (smooth working surface creating a bold DIRECTIONS K-6 A Unique Print .PAPer*Mt)Semi-absorbentprinting working ink surface printing nowthedesign paint, on with it. smooth contrasts it down. of color Pick and the stroke. paper up.Place The paper design over is leavessponge,Miscellaneous: pieces ofbitsOf cardboard, surface,theFoldVARIATIONS: same overpaper then way.other in drawcenter, Place half, on pressprintingopen. the back and Apply paper open.with paint ona Add fingeran to evenly-paintedhalfcolor or the rounded accents paper. tool. 82 puttingArrange paper leaves in orplace. cutouts on the painted surfaceibefore Printmaking wen WM 1011 1044 114041 PO RNI ION POW Irk Imo! lairiti MAW timo gm sins gen saas SANDPAPER PRINTS are interesting because of their texture. A "large effect" design is the most successful. PRINTMAKING K-3AIMS Transfer Design CrayonsSandpaperPaperMATERIALS prints,Color(do heavily notsand rub paper on with the mustiron). sandpaper. be Print recolored. will Place have paper the texture over design. of the Pressoriginal. with For warm successive iron DIRECTIONS andscrews,GADGET learning. blocks, PRINTING. In follow-upetc.). Folders,The experiences, results gift paper,of the arrangements firstplacemats printing and mayand other designseem items notmay may worth be be stressed. the printed effort from because a great the variety children of gadgets, are experimenting (spools, Warm iron CD K-3 Organization Gadgets:BrushesTempera paper;Pressthe repeat gadget with on same a print or other pad orgadgets. apply paint with a brush press gadget to orPrinting (paint-saturatedsponge) pad pad MakeVarySUGGESTIONS: the a bordercomposite spacing by orrepeating unit direction to repeat the of same the gadget unit VV# Irv?a Al. Ail A 'T notLimitAlwaystheMake apaper; theconglomeration an work numberall-over add for a interesting secondpatternof shapes shapeby spacing andprinting and colors and colorthe soarrangement.unit for the accentover result the will entire be asurface design, of PRINTMAKING VEGETABLE PRINTING. Long ago, some pioneer woman, wanting to make her small proceeded to press the potato on home more attractive, cut a her white-washed walls. potato in half Delighted andwith colors.paintedthe effect Some it withand of challengeddye she hadthese by made the first for designs may today, gain in appreciation possibilities, she varied the her wool. She then be seen today in museums of their heritage and in the shape of the potato and and early homes. knowledge of color and pattern.experimented with arrangements They mayChildren,AIMS create printing gift the same way wrappings, booklet and programmOSOMMINIMNOMeramill=1, MATERIALS covers, party mats and many other items. DIRECTIONS be varied by cutting edges, but in general, the Aamsraimssmwsl simpler K-4 Decorative Design Vegetables as : potatoonionpeppercelery Slicedry,(doblottedthe vegetable. shape nota related first).slide the over Press Shapeshapebetter paper). vegetable inmay an on the design. Apply paint Continueaccent printing color may until be design paper which has sparingly (vegetable mayprinted. need been placed on a newspaper has been completed. to be When pad Ift4 CY,k)) NIC§A) C ThickNewspaperPrinting paint paper and brushes aniewsorsOMMI1161,10111MNINVcovers,SPONGE or STENCILS. party mats. Many Cprints can be made from a single stencil design. They may be used for greeting "Butter",cards, sponge booklets with paint. 3-6 Cutting & Printing a Stencil Motifs -. NewsprintFlat spongethelarger sponge than1" PrintmustcenteringPlaceCut extendby design placingstencil withbeyond in (the centerunitcare. spongecuton Design must of newsprint. Keepdesign) simple. on trial printingprinting paper. paper. Many prints may to protect printing paper. not show beyond edges of sponge. PaperLiftPlace sponge sponge altstencil. on be made from a single ThickPrintingTonguehangNewspaper tempera paint depressorpaper or pad "buttering". Add a second motif or textured effect from the sponge. color when first has dried. Design will 84 Printmaking 1410 MOO OM essia Pawl Pali iikal4 Prial if atiki lime INN Me lama 5153 lativi ISOM CARDBOARD PRINTS are within the range of anyone who can cut a shape from cardboard and glue it to a flat surface to make PRINTMAKING Almade.a printingMS It is plate. the first A plate of the may printing be printed experiences as a sine listed 1e design, here thator, through utilizes ana permanent arrangement plate of repeats, by the printer. an all-over pattern may be MATERIALS DIRECTIONS 3-6 Printing from a Plate Cardboard,ScissorsWhitesizePaper of glue 2print pieces GlueCutMakeTo Prepare cardboardit indrawingout place and the ontrace Plate:parts paper. the out parts and arrange on one piecein original of the design cardboard on other cardboard coiV NewspapersPrintingTempera paperink and and brushes brayer or ApplyToWaterproofPlace Print: paint printing plateor ink paper on to both raised on sidesnewspaper portions (thinned padof glue)the plate PaperVARIAT:CiNS:LiftCenter plate prints. plate with See:on care paper PAPER and TECHNIQUES apply pressure. pressingSqueezeRubberString printsstring cement out areonthe printsthe madeglue line. andare by When coveringappropriatelet it dry.dry, theInkink in linesand October, print.of a drawing for they with are glue,"scraggely". then 85 Printmaking I No mt i PRINTMAKING Eno wag whir.. inked.ROLLERAIMS Many PRINTING. variations Gift on papers, the basic background technique or are end possible. papers may be created with the use 1 a roller which has been decorated and SIMINI MATERIALS DIRECTIONS 5-6 Printing PapersDecorative Printingtube,Roller 1"-2"(can, ink cardboard,dowel) Tie cordstring or string with ato brush. a tin can. Roll Rollover over paper an to inked be decorated pad or apply (A). paint to NewspapersBrayer VARIATIONS:themwithspaceUse cardboarda in stencilcarefully place knife,on tube for the theorand roller cut design draw the(B). designshapes repeatsWaterproof on out itself. it. ofKeep the something Cut tube the the shapeswith design else thinned simple andunits gluepaste andout CD CutTieor(shellac. stringpaper around strips. Ink the Spacea rollerbrayer, out and ink on use. and paper, roll rollover over prepared with inked paper(C). brayer (D).

86 Printmaking PRINTMAKING designNATURE motifs, PRINTING. the printer What creates better the work of art by his arrangement and skill in printing. way to preserve the memory of October's beauty than making nature prints? Nature provides the 4-6AIMS Designs from Nature weeds,Leaves,MATERIALS etc. grasses, Protect and strengthen the nature forms by painting them with thinned DIRECTIONS glue TemperaWhiteNewspapersPrinting glue or paper water color pressToPrintWaterproof makeuse form theas a atoprintingunmounted cardboard paperwith glueplate, form:print mount apply the paint forms to on the cardboard. nature form with a brush and 3-6fineSCREEN Stencil art reproductions Printing PRINTING. Screenand wall printing papers. is Aa simplifiedstencil is madeversion and of silkthe screenpaint is forced Frame (wood, cardboard, Stretch mesh on frame printing, the method used to print our modern fabrics, through the openings to make the design. HandpaintScissorsNewspaperMeshembroidery to stretch (thick)hoops) on frame PutPlaceCut gobdesignstencil framestencil of paintfromin over (thecenter onnewspaper stencil cut mesh of design) paper to oneslightly on side trial larger ofprinting opening than paper the frame Printingtape-coveredrectangularSqueegee paper (rubber form, cardboard) or DiscardContinueLiftUsingIf hoopstencil squeegee, and andprinting "bleeds" cut stencil another pullon thepaint toregular acrosswasuse with toopaper, opening wet.thicker always paint. lifting frame and stencil together. 87 Printmaking PRINTMAKING designLINOLEUM must be PRINTING. made, traced Printing or drawn from on woodblocks the block, gougedis an old, out, old inked art.:Printing and printed. from linoleum involves the same basic techniques. A 5-6AIMS Block Printing mountedLinoleumMATERIALS or unmounted 1/8" thick* felt tipDesion,on marker (for paper dark the and size light of thecontrast). linoleumti Transfer block with the completeddark crayon or DIRECTIONS GlassLinoleumBrayerPrintingPrinting or ink tile cuttingpaper slab tools possible.beGougedesign replaced). (Onetoout the the can Makeblock. parts always tissue Remember that cut arepaper out not more,thatrubbings to print. the but design as Cuta piecethe away willwork cut printas progresses.can little in never reverse.as * orNewspapers commercial ToaportionsWhen middle print, printed, theputtone. colorsome uncut of ink theportions on paper,. the glasswill and be slab. textured'the Rollcolor theareas of thebrayer will ink, printover cut asthe printing plate upendingpaperink, thenon inked it,on over topped the block the design byblock. and inked of rub Place the block. with block, newspaper fingers Apply it may pressure.or padabe roller. printedon floor,Or, placesingly, printing VARIATIONS:decoration.color.as a border, The block an all-overitself, mounted, repeat, or may reprinted be an interesting(offset) in differentwall ME11111116 shellacAccoustical to prevent tile adapts ink absorption. itself to large, Paraffin bold blocks prints. areAfter also cutting, a possibility. 88 Printmaking PUPPETRY tellingstage,Puppetry ascenery, story, is one reporting andof the a play.most on aOrfascinating book, it:may or be some aspects the creationother of stagecraft.activity. of a simple It may type involve of puppet the creationand the ofspontaneous elaborate puppet acting characters,out of a situation, a Threealive;The creation andtypes the of of child, puppets a puppet speaking are is andescribed through.the activity herethat puppec, involves --- hand, projects imaginative stick and himself string. planning freely Stages andand can craftsmanship.dramatically. be non-existent; In a child's as simple hand, as the an puppetoverturned becomes table; madeBe imaginative!from a carton; Be or inventive! constructed Have of .awood. happy An time! appropriate stage is described at the end of each section. HAND PUPPETS puppeteer.becomes.PuppetsTYPE OF fittingThe PUPPET more over imginativethe hand, sometimesand exaggerated calked thefist creation,puppets, theconsist more of interestinga head and and a costume entertaining which the hides character the arm of the MATERIALS DIRECTIONS K-2 "Finger Friends" PaintacoloredmaterialstubeNarrow or papers box,ball. cardboard and odd andjustFitshouldit the withlargehead box, paint, coverenoughin tube place. paper, the or for Instant ballarm the yam, over to finger action!the ribbon,the elbow. toforefinger. slip buttons, Allthrough it Removeneeds etc. it. Cloth Putis and a sleeve center sleeve decorate onhole K-2 Single Paper Sack Stringribbons,Paint,NewspaperPapery crayons,sack etc. papers, SpreadStuffof paper,end out of orrestbag painting ofwith bag crumpled them.forskirt. paper,Add details tie, leaving by cutting room them for finger. out 89 Puppetry HAND PUPPETS (continued) PUPPETRY 2-3TYPES Two OF Sack PUPPET Puppet MATERIALSMaterials2 paper .sacks as above onInsertForm to stem. head"stem" from of headone sack. through Tie neck.hole. CutManipulate small DIRECTIONS hole in second sack.puppet by holding 2-6 Paper Bag Colored(withPaper flatpapers bags, bottoms) #2, 3, 4, or 5 andmouthFit bag closes or over eyes his hand mouthat ends so bentor of flaps fingers and eyes. can move the flap.moving By placing fingers, the the puppet opens Etc.CottonFeltYarnPipe cleaners 3-5 Shoebox Puppet 3 dimensional head {paper onMake the flap. eyesthe puppet prominent. head. Long Decorate the shoebox noses may be made by putting an extension .41.1 Papers,itemsShoeboxetc.)(paper miscellaneous sack, styrofoam, tableaddingupper and arms end moving andof the legs.the box. head Put Manipulate the with puppets the puppethand neck inside by placing body through a holeas in the puppet body, the body. on knee or of (Backpuppeteer. view showingA twist of neck the neckwhich is held in hand turns the head). 90 Puppetry PUPPETRY TYPE OF PUPPET MATERIALS HAND PUPPETS (continued) DIRECTIONS Sbck YarnClothOaktayOneStuffing sock (10.`x 1" x 20")3" keeping.Cut11/24x leg and 3" heelto fit offchild's sock. forefinger. Make finger Glue stall edge (a tube)of stall of and oaktag tie for safe Ribbons,ButtonsSewing felt, needs scraps, etc. PutStuff stall sock on toe. child's finger (one youngster can help another). Cover CDoo FoldmustMakeoutside up showextrafeatures with uplength glue. fromwith andPut paintdistande. thesew or stuffed intothread, Use a roll.toeyarn, or sewover a choreon the felt stall boy, and and etc.buttons. tie for in hair. place.Eyes Foldsides. costume materials lengthwise as shown. Slit neck and sew up accessoriesthread,Turn dress gather to (color, right neck side. sash,and Turnsew apron, toneck sock etc.). in, roll .baste at. puppet's around itneck. with Adddouble 91 Puppetry HAND PUPPETS (continued) PUPPETS TYPE2-4 OF Sock,PUPPET Long-faced animal MATERIALSSock Cut sock from toe to ankle. Trim corners DIRECTIONS and fold cardboard to fit slit. CardboardButtonsYarnCloth(app. 3N 10") ) Cover cardboard with felt or other material and sew in place for mouth. 4-5 Modeled Head MiscellaneousbulbPlasticene, or other light head AddbulbModel eyes, by head slittingears, over imaginative head. form. Put Exaggerate halvestouches. together features. with strips (see:. PAPIER-MACHERemove plasticene or light ClothbasePaintmaterialsPapier-mache for clothes section). Paint - add hair. Make clothes and attach. puppeteer.used.There Plans shouldA tablefor a be moreturned no floorpermanent on toits the stage can side, the lower part of a door blocked used for hand puppets and no supports be fouiid in books on puppetry. HAND PUPPET STAGE off, a refrigerator carton or a three sectional screen can bebelow the stage opening to hinder the movements of the A B- carton - notch FE.DC - curtainrod - stageshelf opening Illrlommommomosammos 92 Puppetry Lasim wig au keel gimig isavi weird psis paw wad wad Deo bow Eon NEE BEIM ME Mai Any type o 3et manipulated by a rod is considered a stick puppet. Usually the puppet is attached to the top of the rod STICKPUPPETRY PUPPETS TYPEpaperand OF orworked PUPPETcloth. More elaborate ones may be three-dimensional, and some have moving parts controlled by additional rods. ,-,1 below the stage. The simplest ones are cardboard silhouette figures with the fronts dressed with colored MATERIALS DIRECTIONS O K-2 Paper 11,Thin,CardboardColored 18::20" flat paper sticks long MountCreate oncharacters cardboard,stick from cut paper. out K-2 Tongue Depressor String6"ClothCottonTongue sq., (2 18"depressor pieces) sq. puppetcenterofShe cloth cotton ofby and large holding over tie cloth, in erd theplace. insert oftongue tongue Decorate tongue depressor. depressor, depresserhead. Fold cover and cloth withfasten. in smallhalf, Manipulate cut piece in 4-6 Papier-Mache Heads Paint,PaperFlatCloth yarn, and stick etc. binder AddModel costume. head on the stick. (See: PAPIER-MACHE section) Decorate. 93 Puppetry STICK PUPPETS (continued) PUPPETRY 3-4TYPE Shadow OF PUPPET FlatCardboardMATERIALS stick Draw and cut silhouette of character. Mount on stick. DIRECTIONS 5-6 Moving Shadow CardboardorFlat, coat slender hanger stick wires it outDesignment.fasteners. separately, figures Use ineitheroverlap profile, additional the exaggerate joints rods and contours.or put a stringtogether To arrangement move with brass for a part, cut papermove- STAGE FOR STICK PUPPETS andSHADOWSTICK a spotlightPUPPETS PUPPETS in mayback require be of shown them medium onthrows a regularweight the shadows handwhite puppetcloth on stretched thestage. screen. across the stage opening. The puppets are held close to this 1. Frame 5.4.3.2. LightPuppeteerShadowStretched source puppet muslin 94 Puppetry PUPPETRY SmallString childrenpuppets enjoyare known the simple as marionettes. ones and theyAll joints require of such no stage. puppets Marionettes must be MARIONETTES capableflexible cf and gesture the figure actions should need bemultiple light in stringsweight. TYPEand the OF PUPPETconstruction is too involved to MATERIALS be ;ncluded here. Special help is DIRECTIONS always available. DIRECTIONS 71111! K One string cans,OnePaper or one two strips end small removed DecoratePunchfeet.folding holeMarionettes cantwo in withstripscenter paper willof of paper canjump, cutouts. end. together. dance, PutMake cord Attach to can. and do rhythms. "spring" arms and legsthrough by hole, secure end. Add hands and 6 9 String jointed Yarn,ClothWood etc.pieces manipulation.orAdvanced books on marionettes Specialpuppetry. help require may be skill secured in both from the Art 111=111. construction and Consultant BASIC DIAGRAM FOR MARIONETTE STAGE B.A. PuppeteerStage front G.D.C. Drapes F.E.MarionetteOpen BackdropPlatform orcurtains other andanc! shield stage support floor Puppetry la= ItEMIN tfc4..4,40:411., legi WA I PoNI4 WI WOW PrOlii biaril *all Wiwi IM UM INN Me mum, Stitchery is an age-old craft. Women of old designed ecclesiastical vestments and decorated their own garments with elaborate STITCHERY WithHereaidrneedlewo/ia.,Artists artists, students again, young the work creative and with made old, fibers process the designs and power isfabrics movefor of theexpression toimportant tapestries express isthan an whichgiven idea the craftsmenimpetus orproduct, to create by though wove the non-figurative tactileand the princesfinished and visualdesigns. hung results stimulation in oftentheir castles.become of fiber Today's treasures. and co:or. artists "OPEN" FABRICS HardwareStiffened mesh cloth GENERAL MATERIALS O BURLAP GrainAvailableScreeningFruit and .3acks vegetable,sackingin wide color range YARNSMISCELLANEOUS Cotton,Drapery wool,samples synthetic with an (Different open weave we'ghts textures and ply) APPLIQUENEEDLES 'MATERIALS NatureTrimmingsPrintedLarge eyes, itemsand - tblunt-endedplainfelt, buttons,fabrics for braid, yarns, etc. and a variety for general use STITCHERY useThe a singlesmall childthread; 'will and discover work from many the ways top ofside using of the yarn, material, but.wi keepingII need to knots be shown on the how reverse to thread side. a needle; make a knot in BASIC STITCHES the thread; withThe olderthoseRUNNING child of hs will ORown be STRAIGHT' invention. more satisfied with his results if he starts.with a basic vocabularySTITCH of a few stitches which he can combine Thebring needle the threadedand thread needle run in through and out to of the the front material of the to fabric, outline, and define continue or fill in in. and Knot out, the in yarn,and out. 0 a= AA/AA , , Vary the length, spaoes and direction. 14ZuCD SATIN STITCHti/ Li X ie.,k Placestitches straight of varied stitches length. close together to fill in a space. If space is large, fill in with several COUCHING STITCH LE=04e45 up fromLay the a thread back, crossesalong the the outline thread of and a design. goes through Secure the it with fabric another again. thread that at intervals comes THREADEDBUNDLE STITCHES,STITCH "Th \__/ ThreadMake a flat second stitches yarn in through groups. a -Tie- series them of running together stitches. as in couching. OUTLINESTITCH[BACK STITCH WorktoUse right, for from outlines,insert left toneedle: solidright. lines. Bring Workneedle point from up up to soright left thread toof left.starting overlaps Come point. uppreceeding through fabric,stitch amove bit. back V 97 Stitchery L.aus Ism fess vess Oldi4 Pow4 Ow* laleN was map Kw tuft. BASIC STITCHES (continued) STITCHERY CHAIN STITCH A sizeandbackTo outline, bringwith of the leftpoint andmaterial thumb). outto fill a (A).shortin areas. distance Right ahead to left. and To overstart, the bring loop thread of thread out all(C). the (Hold way loop from desired the Insert needle in same place or close to it (B) (depending on fabric) LAZY DAISY couching).Work same Use way singly as chain or in stitch groups. but fasten each loop at the center with a small stitch (as in criO BUTTONHOLEBLANKET OR STITCH insertaFirst vertical stitch needle stitch, at "C"bringing and bring needle out point at "D" out over et "A" the again. yarn. Repeat.Hold yarn horizontally with thumb, Bring thread out on lower "line" at A. Insert needle on upper "line" at B. Make FEATHER STITCH toBringDecorative left pointthreadand repeat-up workedout between at (keeping top: from A(A) topand Holdmaking to B bottombut thread lower"Y's"). with and left over thumb. the thread Insert (C). needle,to the right of start IB). Pull thread. Insert needle FRENCH KNOT toneedleUse original singly point spotfor close eyes, (C). to Pullbuttoms. this thread place Use gentlyand in wrap groups through thread for to flower aroundback. centers. it 1-3 times Bring (B). thread Insert up needle(A). Hold close 98 Stitchery Laress NM MEI UM VIEN NW IOW WO INN WM MAW NW STITCHERY tital$ NW tams NEN OMB MS Brims. MESH STITCHERY PROJECT SUGGESTIONS (Skipssewing.A.combinationWeaving should in and not out be every longer of regularspace than is neat,twoweaving, but fingerwidths). tedious, irregular and"Draw" weaving, a child directly may and with loseskips the sight will yarn, addof hisas directness originalone would thought and use textural aby crayon the interest mechanics to create to the ofa design. linethe design. Add Drawother oncolors, fabric fill with in spaces crayon. or Original glue on drawing felt shapes. may be nlaced under mesh as a guide. Tote bags from onion sack,_. KnotTurn and at cutba§inside off yarn out, ends. insert Turn cardboard. bag to right Weave side, yarn or rickrack around for border. Plastic fruit boxes boxWeave and in make and outtie hangersholes: For on boxone with side hinged lid, weave boxes separate ly. Invert upper Screen Mobile Cut twofor smallprofiles, opening. decorate Stuff with with yarns, newspaper, buttons, then felt. close Blanket opening. or overcast sides except 99 Stitchery STITCHERY Burlapit 3/4" is -a 1", loosely or machine woven stitchfabric itof 1/2" irregular from threads.edge. Keep To cut stitches it, draw 1/2" a thread - 2" from first. all To edges keep soit from piece raveling, nal be pullmatted threads or to fringe BURLAP STITCHERY framed. General Designing varietyDrawPlan of designlightly stitches onon burlapandpaper. yarns. or "Think work directly.big" - a singleDecide 'idea on color filling scheme. the space Work will design be effective. in a Rug-filler Designs latter,Work withuse largecouching yam stitchfor a pleasingover it. Fill design. spaces Glue with yarn stitches, to burlap felt orfor pin emphasis. it in place. If Felt and Stitchery burlap.Design Complete in cut paper. with stitches Use pieces and decorativeas patterns touches. for feltwhich may he glued on the Chain Stitch Designs chainBegin ordesign other withstitches. a wandering or descriptive line in a chain stitch. Fill in with Appliques and Glue-ons place.Individual Use stitchery or group and projects: trimmings to enrich and complete design. Cut large parts from various fabrics. Glue or baste in 100 Stitchery Liiia gift WAND VANN Men Wail Iasi TEMPERA PAINTING lawki Pawl Witt 1E6164 pogo liatoi f Imo gm env oft Painting developsis seeing, sensitivity, feeling, interpreting. perceptivity. It is a decision - making effort from beginning to end. inspirationCreationpersonalThe purpose statements.demands and of intuition.painting intense is concentration,to give the child emotion, experience and a in well-coordinated creating visual, bodycolorful working and competely under 00 procedures.PaintingWithout exercise, is one of onethe losesbest reading physical readiness strength. Withoutactivities. opportunity It is also ato necessary challenge one's imaginative powers, they atrophy. balance to the emphasis on drill and definite Theso teacher's that each responsibility,painting may express aside from what providing he wants opportunity and materials, is to help the child clarify his ideas and feelings, it to and in his own picture vocabulary. PRACTICAL MATTERS PREPARATIONTEMPERA PAINT OF isPAINT: opaque, easily handled and moderate in cost. KeepStirCollect all paint paint small jars before jars in easelwith using. screw trays, Sponge lids,in paint rim such and carrier, as cover instant or jarother whencoffee designated not jars, in use.and place. Addfill 1/2 water to 2/3 when full necessary. of paint. Brushes Good brushes are important. Those commonly used with tempera paint are called easel brushes PRACTICALTEMPERA MATTERS PAINTING (continued) SmallandexcessUse have childrena separate paint long use beforehandles brush the applying larger for and each sizes.stiff to color. paper.bristles. Wipe Pull They the brushare available onacross the insidethe in paper,1/4", edge 1/2",!3/4", never of the push jar andto nor remove 1' scrub widths; withRinseAllwith the brushes under it. fingers cool must or water by be gentle cleaned (hot waterwiping. after will use.Store melt ,(This brush the glueis with as holding important bristles the hanging for bristles), the children down and or, remove as if forflat, the theon brushes). anexcess O.1-1 ProvideabsorbentHave availablea waysurface. to cleanextra thebrushes brushes in various that have sizes. accidentally slipped into the wrong paint jar. PaperColors green,A fullsectionNewsprint palette black, of newspapers. orofwhite, easeltempera brown, paper, includes manila, yellow, kraft, orange, bogus andred, otherviolet, palms, blue, turquoise,including theemerald classified Colorsthem.Asofter color are effects. wheel purchased followsFor this, at thisfull 10/k intensity.page. color It shows IQIt is tile frequently thewhite relationships (It desirable takes less of to colors paintlighten thanand some will the ofhelp other them when way for mixing aroun). 102 Tempera Painting' wow ems Gime wifill TEMPERA PAINTING MEM IME Me SIN WM WWI INNS 12011 NEM ISM COLOR WHEEL FOR TEACHERS Hue The name of a color TertiaryPrimarySecondary Colors Colors Yellow-orange,Orange,Yellow, Violet, Red, BlueRed-violetGreen Tint Blue-greenwhiteColor to(addlightened color) color by to additionswhite; not of ShadeIntensity additionColorColor darkened strengthof black or orof grayed complementhue by RelatedValue colors Example:ThoseAmount having yellow, of lighta color green, in colorin common.orange CoolWarm colors colors Thosehave yellow containing in common. blues,yellow greensor red BrownGray green.Mix orangeblack For and lightand white black,tans, add or red white. and n Tempera Painting TEMPERA PAINTING ORGANIZATION Individual Painting At the easel or other special location in the room. of rotation worked out with the children. See that each child Group Painting it,This hasand spot hisleaves isturn always theonce painting seta week, up areafor and painting ready he goes forand tothe some next system the easel with an idea in mind, that he person. completes his picture, takes care of -The set-up for group painting dependsSets of paintupon the facilities of the room. In any case, have prepared ahead of time: 11--1 -Have all planning, motivationPainting andBrushesNewspapers necessary paper directions completed. /1 -Then- paint in groups of four children:,OnAt pushed-togetherthe the floor board tables MOTIVATION paint imaginingChildrenoutIt is ofimportant a vacuum, must a situation; tohave buildnor something at theup the enthusiamsuggestion to say on andof thea be part eager to express command, "It is your turn now. Go ahead title - "What if of the children before they begin to paint. Children cannot it. Motivation?", "Iftakes I were many forms: recall of an experience; . ", or ''My friend"; and other child-related topics. 104 Tempera Painting TEMPERA PAINTING WORKTIME . veryThoughtful, best.. pleasant. Each child secure in the knowlege that he may work out his ideas in his own way, at all times doing his THE PAINTINGS StoreDisplayHave them a placework in individual thatto dry merits the folders. pfiintings. recognition, making sure that each child's art work is recognized some time during the school year. HoldExperiment brush loosely, to became comtortablg. acquainted with media and tools, tolfree inhibitions and to develop ideas. POINTERS FOR PAINTERS placement.PicturestowardDesigns a arehaveunified Use arrangements a contrastingwhole.central idea; ofcolor beginpycolor, in the lines, statingbackground. forms it simplyand textures. and emphatically. Make a start, Fill add the to space it thoughtfully, with it or emphasizedevelop with it careby color and andwork StartingThickOver- paintingpaint points will produces -- crack, experiences, and muddied in time mood, colors. peel. imagination, feeling. rough(Vertical,Brush surfaces).strokes horizontal are most and effective curved strokes when made used inrespectively the direction for indicated grass, water, by the apples. shape Stipplingand texture and of dry the brush area towork be suggestpainted. MATERIALS "paintFor the and following paper". projects, materials are not listed because they are covered in the front of this section and are obviously 105 Tempera Painting TEMPERA PAINTING PAINTING SUGGESTIONS K-2PROJECT Beginnings One-colorAIMS CleanLearn howbrush, to carehold, for wipe painting and manipulate and set up brush.for next Paint painter. designs, "stories". DIRECTIONS 3-6K-3 BrushFew Techniques colors ExperimentIntroduce withas children different are strokes. ready for them Designs Combinecombinations abovefi "%ssee,andexperiments contrasts. into Look pleasing for rhythms, pattern. interesting Think about shapes. color gre .11 I 5-6K-6 Color Subject and DesignMatter Paintings ColorVisualization Fusions; colors.WetroughCreate manila in visual the paper main image thoroughly. idea. by Completepretending, Drop onpainting imagining,three colors,imaginatively. remembering. tilt paper to fuseQuickly Try: - warm colors - twoblackcool related colors and white colors and a complement "..1111.0sm. Trim"A toStorm", advantage etc. and mount. Name painting -- "Inside a Cavern", 106 Tempera Painting PAINTING SUGGESTIONSTEMPERA (continued) PAINTING PROJECT ExpressiAIMS II of a DIRECTIONS 46 Imaginative Paintings Mood or Feeling Try: "The Big Sneeze" "Anger""Sounds"The"A"Frost" Whisper" Wind and Whistles Echoes" in the Dark" K-6 Social Studies Themes Interpretive Original interpretations of social study themes:"Mosquito" to" 11;:b...-e--.1 Painting "Look"Making"The"My Family" Big of Sound" Butter"Ship" (Transportation) (Pioneers).(Music) 2-6 Techniques New Approaches Tempera over crayon (See: CRAYON) "Breaking"Fishing""Columbus the SightsPinata" Land" (Mexico) (Exploration) ObserveandSketch shade. effectsand shade of light with by charcoal. sketching Add object, color withthen thin.tempera painting the washes.light 107 Tempera Painting TEMPERA PAINTING PROJECT AIMS PAINTING SUGGESTIONS (continued) DIRECTIONS 5-6 Scene Painting BuildingsScenes,Landscapes, City WaterStreets Lines: JaggedRoundedHorizontal for peaks and for and flattenedflat angular country for edges curves of ofmountains. hills (Avoid Color: dividingNatureDistant picture variesobjects herin are half colors softer by horizon in color lute). and vague in detail. -- note the..greens of trees, blues Reflections: Seemof sky, shorterto comeand brownsthan directly real of objects "nerdearth youand wood. Perspective: UseofColors water. horizontal less brilliant strokes and to edges keep waterindistinct flat. because of movement (Exception:VerticalvanishingReceding lines veryhorizontalpoint always tall on skyscrapers theseem lines horizon. seemto stay seem to straight slant to slantdown when up and down. to or up to a you K-6 Murals See special section:stand MURALS close and look up). 108 Tempera Painting mill MI MI WS 11661 POW WATER10114 COLOR PAINTING ifoui iagai *Ai WO' WO sass am am samea becomecolorWater requires color accustomed paintings more practice tohave it they a than sparkle, often other preterit transparency, media, to buttempera. it alsoand freshnesshas its delighful that excel moments any other of unexpected. medium children effects use.and beauty.Painting When with water children strengthenstheWaterIn power evaluating color the of shouldretain elementaryunderstanding water color children,the andpainting, quality use but of one thethewetness, effectsshouldmedium. even theylook whencanfor originality, achieve dry. Obviously, are color often that complete delightful is rich control andar clear, of the contrast, water colorand amedium free, loose is beyond technique. surprising, and each experience GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS Materials WaterManila,PaintContainer color cloth white boxes, for or waterdrawingpaper #7 andtoweling or #11 water camels' color hairpaper brushes Pointers ToSwishingToMoisten lift keep lightencolor, thecolors themoisten a cakescolor, brush clean, brush,ofmix in color wipethe it with thenwater withand water stroke water rinsedirties in theatacross theit beginning immediately.brush box the lideach cake time Use a paint different cloth color is used TheAOneMix wash variedpaintlightercannot may dries colorscolor "scrub"orbe lighterput should in over lid repaintand of bea thedullerdry, put dampbox paintedon than first areas one area, expects but this always darkens the area BrushItDoRemember is not important V tamper -- there towith clean ais dampno the white brushes painting. in watercolor, and Add boxes or change so carefully one aftermust before theleave paper they the iswhiteare dry put of awaythe paper 'y across cakes to clean them; do not put under running water _CleanRinse and wipe brushes boxes in dry clean water and point with fingers 109 Water Color SUGGESTIONS FOR WATER COLOR PAINTING TECHNIQUEFusions AIMSColor Blending freely.WetDIRECTIONS paper. Note: Drop Colcr on pans in colors, let.flow the boxes VARIATIONSdevelopMake fussions; imaginary then, scenes. using accents of color, and mount vary.Howmade?experiment This many is adifferent good with different greens can opportunity to color mixings. be CutDevelopOutlineon silhouettes fusion color as design fromchanges blackor scene. with paper small brush. Wash EvenApplications Color of flowTiltpaperthe paper from brush, and top slightly drawstartto bottom atitso across the the of top paper. of the the entirecolor will Fill theIf paintingdetailscolor horizon in onforeground. a is sky,it. neared; lighten Whenfor theground, wash is color as deependry, paint. overlappingwidthisContinuelately covered. of thewith paper.untilthe another previous the Repeat required brushful, stroke. surface immedi- slightly Brush Work Brush Control BlendExperimentastroking. paint-loaded color Try bywith painting textural butswirls, aeffectslines second "dry" brush. withand orabstractCombine "wash"fusion. design. strokesbackground.Paint Paintand create details a over a figures in action on a pattern or wash. Control and lapping)stripeFill brushnext the to with still (and color.wet slightly first Begin color. over- off Work for ; Texture Design and Design asslowly,breakcenter,treatment a line up skip,move spacedesign ofbear continuously the - orMove down.spaces. Leave to add color and quickly, ColorSpaceTexturalDesing and filling treatment value contrasts .9001MEMsexasasw 110 Water Color SUGGESTIONS FOR WPTER COLOR 'PAINTING TECHNIQUE AIMS DIRECTIONS VARIATIONS Wet into Wet Fluency overallbrushWetdry.strong paper loadsWhen mass color with of dry,effect paint asclear add it desired. willto water.details. gain fade ApplytheUse whenAdd. withtheAlwaysImaginative a small,spontaneous work from painting, from the quality.the general scenes large toto With Ink Mixed Media lastbackgroundpenPaint details or background. India with isink a still smallfor damp,Use detail. brush felt the tip ink If the particular.. With Charcoal Mixed Media Drawdrawnwillwash pictureflow and ofaway colorcreateand from shadeover patterns. the each it linein. area. Apply To Music MoodExpression of ListenFeel' musicExpressmood, gives movanentvisually one ---the rhythms, feeling SketchingFigure amINNM=0I See: FIGURE DRAWING 'Paint 111 Water Color WEAVING tiedwoveWeaving over boughs ais horizontalone together of the limb earliestfor shelter, and ofweighted crafts and grasses and with one stones and of therushes or most lumps for natural mats of baked and since garments.clay. it arose outOn theof human earliest necessity. looms the Primitive warp threads people were ProjectsweaversEarly weavers suitableare innovative soonfor children saw and beyond concerned range utility from with topaper beauty. color placemats and Color textural and to rag designrelationships. rugs, were from added small and Indian weaving mats becameto belts,pil an low art. covers,Today's hand- baskets.fascinatingAnare experienceeverywhere Looms hobby. may in and weaving be include of cardboard, gives grasses, a child fruit twigs, an lugs, understanding reeds, picture ribbons, frames of yarns, fabrics,or specially cloth, a craft plasticdesigned approach and looms branches. to design, with mnvable and an heddles. introduction Materials to a WEAVING mayThe interlacingbe used from of threadspaper, yarns, at right grasses angles to to other each natural other. or ("Threads" manmade refers fibers.) to any of the materiais that WEAVING TERMS WARPLOOM - The frame on which weavingbecomeThe vertical is the done. threadsstructural stretched "skeleton" on afor loom weaving. which WOOFWEFTDRESSING or - TheThe horizontal stringing threads of the loomthat arewith woven warp threadsthrough inthe preparation warp threads. for weaving. SHOTSHUTTLE - One,An instrument pass of the on shuttle whichmay thethrough be weft easily thethread carried warp. is wound across so the it warp threads. BEATERREED or - A Fingers, a fork or acomblike' comb are device, used for often this purposeset into theon smallloom, looms. which "beats" the vieft threads together after each shot. 112 Weaving WEAVING TERMS (continued) WEAVING HEDDLEBEAT - A- cordThe actionor wire of with spacing a hole and or packing "eye" in the center yarn through after each which new a shot warp has thread been runs. put in. lei:mks 4,-G-ame., tag) 4fieca4 - SHEDFRAMEHEDDLE -- The- The V-shaped frame holding space the betweenraised peddles. withthe Thewarp a heddle heddle threads device. frame when mayThe a part shuttlebe ofused them as are a beater if it is of rigid material (H). passes through the shed (S). BEAMWARPPOST TheSmall Foundcylindrical uprights only part on placed loomsof the in with loomthe warpends on which of indefinitebox the length (WB). or frame looms to hold the warp. warp is wound prior to weaving. WEBBEAMCLOTH TheofThe wovenindefinite cylindrical part length(W). part (CB). of the loom on which the finished fabric is wound. Fond only on looms with warp SLITSSELVAGE AdividedThe finished web, edge a "button(E). hole". 113 Weaving GENERAL INSTRUCTION WEAVING PlacethreadsBASIC each WEAVING insures weft thatshot is the in thepassingweft warp will of passat the a 45°underweft angie thread and to over overinsure (reverse)and straight under on alternateedges. the next After threads shot. adjusting of the thewarp. woft An around odd number the first of thread,warp beat it into the woven fabric. (Some fabrics require a strong beat, others, wool, require a gentle treatment). shapeavoidsNew weft whenan hourglassin finishedat an angle oldTO threadCHANGE a few WEFT spaces. THREAD, weave entire length up, start new weft thread by placing in shed and overlapping DIAGONALwidthHORIZONTAL of the DESIGNS.stripes STRIPES as wellWeave are as woven onethe color.color,by changing reversing the direction shuttle color. each For time best on aresults, different vary thread. the WeaveCENTRAL backgroundthe DESIGN. second backcolor Weave andright the forth, up design to up the toas firstthe planned, design.color. always moving over a thread before reversing. 114 Weaving WEAVING andPAPER under" WEAVING process. Children develops should a concept decide of uponbasic their weaving color -- scheme the necessity and cut for the a paperbase orthemselves. loom; the waif); the weft and the "over WEAV ING PROJECTS DirectionsMaterials CutDrawConstruction stripsships a line fromof 1" paper orpaperthe two bottomfor finger the weftedge widths to fromthis line top edge of warp paper downPutPushWeave all eachwhen weft the stripstripsendsweaving as under close is complete theand as edgeoverpossible thewarp warpto strips the strips preceding and paste one -.71111FF -111- '47 WC- VariationsWEAVING ON A FRAME OR BOX. This is the simplest type of weaving. Kindergarteners, using rug Cut largeslits in animal the'body shapes and weave in color filler, yarn or cloth strips, can ofPreparationtableweave loom mats. a rug for their play corner. - Place posts uprightaccording in ends of to the the box. thickness Use finishing of the material nails for to wooden be woven. box, pins Older children, weaving with a variety of materials, can plan for cardboardtheir designs box. and Space weave the handsomeposts loomWarping - ContinueHookFasten(leave around warp 6"warping extra atend side length).post,until of loomlastcross post (leave loom, is reached. 6"go extraaround length)Secure two posts, warp returnat side to of first loom. end.. Uleaving - See General Instructions 115 Weaving WEAVING PROJECTS (continued) WEAVING WEAVING ON A FRAME OR BOX--- Variation - stripIt is easier 1" wide for or small rug fillerchildren yarn. to weave one strip at a time. Use cloth WeavePushCut weft strands toeach stands very strandtogether top 6" longer across than the loom,the width allowing of the the warp ends threads. to hang free forCARDBOARD looms, yarn LOOMS. for weaving. These looms are suitable for the weaving of small items: mats, miniature rugs, purses.. Use posterboard StitchRoom fromalong loom. edges RECTANGULARMATS Nowhed Loom - CutTiecardboard. endsan uneven on Warp backside. number around Weave. of the notches notches. in the ends of the Z Pinned Loom WarpPlacePut masking aroundodd number tapethe pins. over of pinsWeave. ends evenly of cardboard. in ends. it RAFFIAROUND MATS CutHold odda circle warp number or end use of in papernotches center plate. with around thumbNotch edge edgesor oftape, plate (uneven thread or cardboard. aroundnumber). Keepneedle;notch,endsContinue raffia cross togetherstart beat untilcenter at center inwarpwell centerand so isand thread mataround of weave loom.will around allbe toThread not firm edge opposite -hes. when raffiaof Cutplate. itnotch. into iswarp, removed tie from loom. Shellac. 116 Weaving l. btu MO 1409 P-' "°. WEAVING 104,41 4 blast nen son SERAPE. A challenging project for students involved in a study of Mexico. Materials Pine''stripping: two 2"; two 58" WEAVING PROJECTS (continued) Warping Warp,Nails,Warp placecotton as 1"boxrug apart loom,filler; Weft,but make cotton the rugedge filler thread double and the center thread quadruple. Weaving Head-SeetoWeave be General tied opening in twooff Weaving for1" - weavecardboarda fringe) Instructions to a(A). centerstrips at threadfor each pattern from end weaving. each(extra side. warp Finishing ExtraTieRemoveReweave warp yarn cardboardthreads full pieces width close may stripswhen beto opening weavingtied in for is largea heavier enough fringe. PRIMITIVE LOOM. Construction Materials of,and the- Branches weaving or of dowel this loom rods isRugBinder a fine filler, cord camp cattails project. and other nature materials Directions CenterWeaveWarpHangHang eochupper `themay second threadends branchbe largelybelowwith separately. horizontally yarns. firstopen, with using fromtwine)or the tree natural tielimb. weights items at as end partial of each fillers. warp thread. ti Remove woven piece by untying warp ends from branch. Tie ends together. 117 Weaving WM NW WO PlIFfi 1,1.-0.1 itr!!!!!! t° °, t hk.,9 t 1 4 low Ins am. emain. WEAVING PROJECTS (continued) WEAVING NAVAJO LOOM. This is a "genuine" project from loom construction to the design of the weaving. Materials 2 forked branches set into ground or a firm base. 2 straight branches wider than the Directions guide.completedPlandistance the betweendesign rug, it ahead can the beposts. using tacked Cord paint, up for in crayon warp.back ofHeavyor the cut warp paper.yarns threads If it is andmade used the assize a weavingof the directionsWeaveConstruct atfor leastand Diagonal warp 8 plain loom Designs rows as atillustrated. in top General aridbottom Weaving then Instruction).croceed with the pattern. (See things;Traditionally,OJOS DEand DIOS the the brown or colors GOD'S tones were EYE the selected .earth. An ancient for their Indian special symbol meaning. woven Example:on branches blue with might materials represent at hand. sky orIt symbolized water; green,lrowingi protection. DirectionsMaterials - Small- Cross branches two sticks and and yarn.thread Weavetie securely to thearound used with the one, brightly center keeping bycolored going all knots yarn,over on andleaving the around back. one each end branch.for weaving. Adding yarn: tie the next 118 Weaving WEAVING PROJECTS (continued) WEAVING OUTDOOR LOOM FOR GRASS MATS Materials - 9.sticks 2W' long, 2" thick;(point 7 of them) Bindery twine, Grasses. 3parat ion bartoon stickMarkstakes:A one to posts. atside,off each 2' and 6"Tie corner apartB. twine Tie (D,E,F). (A,B,C,G).. Lash square on ground. Place a painted twine, 3' long,4' long from to 9thcross- stick or Place 3 sticks a crossbar F-+ Weaving - Hold 1.11) weaving bar,downas insertweaving wrist):to ground. bunch in bar. shed; of pack in well. Bring grass (asweaving thick bar IVCT) Finishing - Cut strings by pairs andBringInsert tie warping grass. bar in shedup, continue under horizontal securely. as in above until warp is filled. wrap. pack well; A Aps i. foundincludeMISCELLANEOUS in drape! lamp shade LOOMS. frames, Weaving y or yard goods departments. berry box can . catalogues, pattern books andthree the dimensional frames on whichas well as flat, inventive rather than traditional. trimmings are wound. These are Loom possibilities 119 Weaving WEAVING PROJECTS (continued) WEAVING REEDMATS AND BASKETS Materials - #4. reed for spokes; #1 for, starter and weaving; #2 for weaving Directions Soakin8 lengthscenter reed 15-40 with(approximately razor minutes blade prior 15 or -20"toknife weaving. long) Cut Re-wet one #4 if ithalf becomes the length. brittle. Split Cut 4 #4 of reedthe reeds into - Bind reeds togetherInsertLine split #1 reedreeds up together. Insert 4 remaining reeds Endsofindividually.Separate end may of spokesgroups be As inserted spokes of 4 reeds in grow next into widerspoke groups apart, or ofwoven 2. weave Separate together with all larger until reeds finished reed. so spokes Weave are within woven 2" 0 NOTE: A mat is woven flat. For a basket, the spokes are gradually bent up. 4 120 Weaving BE PREPARED BY USING RESOURCE AudioArt Department - Visual. Department MATERIALS FROM: BYFOR DOING THE IT UNEXPECTED YOURSELF Teachers' Room at Willard Library

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