Vel Tech High Tech Dr.Ranagarajan Dr.Sakunthala Engineering College – Department of ECE 1 | Page

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Vel Tech High Tech Dr.Ranagarajan Dr.Sakunthala Engineering College – Department of ECE 1 | Page Vel Tech High Tech Dr.Ranagarajan Dr.Sakunthala Engineering College – Department of ECE Course Code: EC6503 Course Name: TRANSMISSION LINES AND WAVE GUIDES L-3 : T-1 : P-0 : Credits – 4 COURSE OBJECTIVES: To introduce the various types of transmission lines and to discuss the losses associated. To give thorough understanding about impedance transformation and matching. To use the Smith chart in problem solving. To impart knowledge on filter theories and waveguide theories COURSE OUTCOMES: At the end of the course, the student will be able to: Knowledge CO No Course Outcomes Level C303.1 Explain the fundamentals of transmission line and propagation of signals K2 C303.2 Analyse signal propagation at Radio frequencies. K4 C303.3 Evaluate matching networks through smith chart K5 C303.4 Understand the behaviour of passive components at higher frequencies K3 Designa filter with a set of given specifications using commercial software. C303.5 Discuss basic principles associated with waveguides (metallic and dielectric): mode (TM, TE, and TEM) K2 and utilize the cavity resonators. MAPPING OF COURSE OUTCOMES WITH PROGRAM OUTCOMES: CO PO1 PO 2 PO 3 PO 4 PO 5 PO 6 PO 7 PO 8 PO 9 PO 10 PO 11 PO 12 C303.1 3 3 - - - - - - - - - 1 C303.2 3 3 - - - - - - - - - 1 C303.3 3 3 - - - - - - - - - 1 C303.4 3 3 - - - - - - 2 - - 1 C303.5 3 3 - - - - - - - - - 1 C.No PO1 PO 2 PO 3 PO 4 PO 5 PO 6 PO 7 PO 8 PO 9 PO 10 PO 11 PO 12 C303 3 3 - - - - - - - - - 1 Mapping Relevancy 3 – Substantial (Highly relevant) 2 – Moderate (Medium) 1 – Slight (Low) COURSE DELIVERY METHODS Class room lecture - Black board PPTs, Videos Lab Demonstrations Activities like In Plant Training, Live Demonstrations and Guest Lecture ASSESSMENT METHODS DIRECT ASSESSMENT INDIRECT ASSESSMENT Continuous Internal Assessment(CIA) Course Exit Survey End Semester Examination Periodical Feedback Assignments Seminars COURSE SYLLABUS EC6503 TRANSMISSION LINES AND WAVE GUIDES L T P C 3 1 0 4 OBJECTIVES: To introduce the various types of transmission lines and to discuss the losses associated. To give thorough understanding about impedance transformation and matching. To use the Smith chart in problem solving. To impart knowledge on filter theories and waveguide theories UNIT I TRANSMISSION LINE THEORY 9 General theory of Transmission lines - the transmission line - general solution - The infinite line - Wavelength, velocity of propagation - Waveform distortion - the distortion-less line - Loading and different methods of loading - Line not terminated in Z0 - Reflection coefficient - calculation of current, voltage, power delivered and efficiency of transmission - Input and transfer impedance - Open and short circuited lines - reflection factor and reflection loss. UNIT II HIGH FREQUENCY TRANSMISSION LINES 9 Transmission line equations at radio frequencies - Line of Zero dissipation - Voltage and current on the dissipation-less line, Standing Waves, Nodes, Standing Wave Ratio - Input impedance of the dissipation-less line - Open and short circuited lines - Power and impedance measurement on lines - Reflection losses - Measurement of VSWR and wavelength. UNIT III IMPEDANCE MATCHING IN HIGH FREQUENCY LINES 9 1 | P a g e Vel Tech High Tech Dr.Ranagarajan Dr.Sakunthala Engineering College – Department of ECE Impedance matching: Quarter wave transformer - Impedance matching by stubs - Single stub and double stub matching - Smith chart - Solutions of problems using Smith chart - Single and double stub matching using Smith chart. UNIT IV PASSIVE FILTERS 9 Characteristic impedance of symmetrical networks - filter fundamentals, Design of filters: Constant K - Low Pass, High Pass, Band Pass, Band Elimination, m- derived sections - low pass, high pass composite filters. UNIT V WAVE GUIDES AND CAVITY RESONATORS 9 General Wave behaviours along uniform Guiding structures, Transverse Electromagnetic waves, Transverse Magnetic waves, Transverse Electric waves, TM and TE waves between parallel plates, TM and TE waves in Rectangular wave guides, Bessel‟s differential equation and Bessel function, TM and TE waves in Circular wave guides, Rectangular and circular cavity Resonators. Total period: 45 TEXT BOOKS 1. John D Ryder, “Networks, lines and fields”, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall India, 2010. REFERENCES 1. E.C.Jordan and K.G. Balmain, ―Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems‖ Prentice Hall of India, 2006. 2. G.S.N Raju "Electromagnetic Field Theory and Transmission Lines‖ Pearson Education, First edition 2005. DEPARTMENT OF ECE COURSE DELIVERY PLAN COURSE NSTRUCTOR Ms.G.SAKANA,Dr.V.PRITHIVIRAJAN FACULTY ID HTS1153 CURSE NAME TRANSMISSION LINES AND WAVEGUIDES COURSE CODE EC6503 YEAR/SEM III/V MONTH & YEAR JUNE- 2018 Text/ Teaching Course S.No Date Unit Topic Reference Methodology Outcome Books TRANSMISSION LINE THEORY 1 02.07.18 I Introduction to Transmission C303.1 lines Class room lecture - Black A line of cascaded T sections board 2 03.07.18 I C303.1 Transmission lines - General 3 04.07.18 I C303.1 Solution Slip Test 1 Physical Significance of the 4 05.07.18 I C303.1 equations; the infinite line Wavelength; velocity of 5 06.07.18 I propagation, Wave-form TB1 PPT Presentation C303.1 Distortion The Distortionless line 6 09.07.18 I C303.1 Condition Slip Test 2 The Telephone Cable, 7 09.07.18 I Inductance loading of Class room C303.1 telephone cables lecture - Black Reflection on a line not board 8 10.07.18 I C303.1 terminated in Zo Reflection Coefficient, 9 10.07.18 I Class room C303.1 reflection factor and loss lecture - Black Voltage, current and efficiency 10 11.07.18 I board C303.1 calculation 2 | P a g e Vel Tech High Tech Dr.Ranagarajan Dr.Sakunthala Engineering College – Department of ECE Input and Transfer Impedance, 11 12.07.18 I C303.1 Open and short circuited lines 12 13.07.18 I PROBLEMS C303.1 13 13.07.18 I TUTORIAL C303.1 PPT Presentation 14 14.07.18 I SEMINAR C303.1 15 14.07.18 I REVISION C303.1 CIA I HIGH FREQUENCY TRANSMISSION LINES 16 16.07.18&17.07.18 II Line Equation at Radio C303.2 Frequencies - Parameters of Class room open wire line and Coaxial lecture - Black cable at RF board 17 18.07.18 II Line of Zero dissipation C303.2 Voltages and currents on the 18 19.07.18 II C303.2 dissipation less line Slip Test 3 Standing waves – nodes – 19 20.07.18 &23.07.18 II C303.2 standing wave ratio Class room Input impedance of the 20 24.07.18 II lecture - Black C303.2 dissipation less line board PPT 21 25.07.18 II Open and short circuited lines C303.2 Slip Test 4 TB1&RB1 Power and impedance 22 26.07.18 II C303.2 measurement on lines 23 27.07.18 II Reflection Losses Class room C303.2 lecture - Black Measurement of VSWR and 24 28.07.18 II board& Lab C303.2 Wavelength Demo 25 30.07.18&31.07.18 II PROBLEMS C303.2 26 01.08.18 II TUTORIAL C303.2 PPT 27 02.08.18 II SEMINAR Presentation& C303.2 Lab Demo 28 03.08.18 II REVISION C303.2 CIA-2 IMPEDAQNCE MATCHING IN HIGH FREQUENCY LIES: 29 13.08.18 III C303.3 Impedance matching: Quarter Class room wave transformer lecture - Black Single -stub impedance 30 14.08.18 III board C303.3 matching on a line, RB1 Double-stub matching circle 31 16.08.18 III C303.3 diagram Slip Test 5 Smith circle diagram, 32 17.08.18 III C303.3 applications of smith chart 3 | P a g e Vel Tech High Tech Dr.Ranagarajan Dr.Sakunthala Engineering College – Department of ECE Impedance matching with 33 20.08.18 III lumped elements using smith Class room C303.3 chart , Analytic solutions lecture - Black Single –stub matching using board 34 21.08.18 III C303.3 Smith chart Slip Test 6 Double stub matching using 35 23.08.18 III C303.3 Smith chart Class room 36 24.08.18 III Problems using smith chart lecture - Black C303.3 board 37 25.08.18 III Problems using smith chart C303.3 38 27.08.18 III Tutorial C303.3 39 28.08.18 III SEMINAR PPT& Videos C303.3 40 29.08.18 III REVISION C303.3 CIA-III PASSIVE FILTERS: 41 03.09.18 IV Characteristics impedance of C303.4 Symmetrical Networks Class room Filter fundamentals – Pass and lecture - Black 42 04.09.18 IV C303.4 Stop bands board Constant K Low Pass and High 43 05.09.18 IV C303.4 Pass Filters Problems -Constant K Low 44 06.09.18 IV C303.4 Pass and High Pass Filters Constant K Band Pass and Class room 45 07.09.18 IV C303.4 Band Elimination Filters lecture - Black Problems -Constant K Band TB1&RB2 board 46 08.09.18 IV Pass and Band Elimination C303.4 Filters Slip Test 7 m - derived section –Design of 47 10.09.18 IV C303.4 Low Pass and High Pass Filters Class room 10.09.18 Problems - m - derived section lecture - Black 48 IV –Design of Low Pass and High board C303.4 Pass Filters 11.09.18 Class room m - derived section- Design 49 IV lecture - Black C303.4 Composite Filters board 50 11.09.18 IV Problems C303.4 51 12.09.18 IV TUTORIAL C303.4 TB1&RB2 PPT& Videos 52 12.09.18 IV SEMINAR C303.4 53 17.09.18 IV REVISION C303.4 CIA-IV WAVEGUIDES AND CAVITY RESONATORS: General wave 54 25.09.18 V C303.5 behaviors along uniform Class room guiding structures lecture - Black 55 26.09.18 V TE,TM and TEM waves RB2 board C303.5 Transmission of TM waves 56 27.09.18 V C303.5 between Parallel planes Slip Test 8 4 | P a g e Vel Tech High Tech Dr.Ranagarajan Dr.Sakunthala Engineering College – Department of ECE Transmission of TE waves 57 28.09.18 V C303.5 between Parallel planes Class room 29.09.18 TMmn waves in Rectangular 58 V lecture - Black C303.5 guide board 01.10.18 TEmn waves in Rectangular 59 V C303.5 guide Slip Test 9 03.10.18 Bessel’s differential equation 60 V C303.5 and Bessel function, Class room 04.10.18 Cylindrical waveguides-TE 61 V lecture - Black C303.5 and TM waves board Rectangular and circular 62 05.10.18 V C303.5 cavity resonator 63 06.10.18 V TUTORIAL C303.5 64 08.10.18 V SEMINAR TB1&RB2 PPT& Videos C303.5 65 09.10.18 V REVISION C303.5 CIA-5 CO 1,2,3,4,5 UNIT I TRANSMISSION LINE THEORY PART-A 1.
Recommended publications
  • RF Coils, Helical Resonators and Voltage Magnification by Coherent Spatial Modes
    TELSIKS 2001, University of Nis, Yugoslavia (September 19-21, 2001) and MICROWAVE REVIEW 1 RF Coils, Helical Resonators and Voltage Magnification by Coherent Spatial Modes K.L. Corum* and J.F. Corum** “Is there, I ask, can there be, a more interesting study than that of alternating currents.” Nikola Tesla, (Life Fellow, and 1892 Vice President of the AIEE)1 Abstract – By modeling a wire-wound coil as an anisotropically II. CYLINDRICAL HELICES conducting cylindrical boundary, one may start from Maxwell’s equations and deduce the structure’s resonant behavior. Not A. Problem Formulation only can the propagation factor and characteristic impedance be determined for such a helically disposed surface waveguide, but also its resonances, “self-capacitance” (so-called), and its voltage A uniform helix is described by its radius (r = a), its pitch magnification by standing waves. Further, the Tesla coil passes (or turn-to-turn wire spacing "s"), and its pitch angle ψ, to a conventional lumped element inductor as the helix is which is the angle that the tangent to the helix makes with a electrically shortened. plane perpendicular to the axis of the structure (z). Geometrically, ψ = cot-1(2πa/s). The wave equation is not Keywords – coil, helix, surface wave, resonator, inductor, Tesla. separable in helical coordinates and there exists no rigorous 3 solution of Maxwell's equations for the solenoidal helix. I. INTRODUCTION However, at radio frequencies a wire-wound helix with many turns per free-space wavelength (e.g., a Tesla coil) One of the more significant challenges in electrical may be modeled as an idealized anisotropically conducting cylindrical surface that conducts only in the helical science is that of constricting a great deal of insulated conductor into a compact spatial volume and determining direction.
    [Show full text]
  • The Self-Resonance and Self-Capacitance of Solenoid Coils: Applicable Theory, Models and Calculation Methods
    1 The self-resonance and self-capacitance of solenoid coils: applicable theory, models and calculation methods. By David W Knight1 Version2 1.00, 4th May 2016. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.1472.0887 Abstract The data on which Medhurst's semi-empirical self-capacitance formula is based are re-analysed in a way that takes the permittivity of the coil-former into account. The updated formula is compared with theories attributing self-capacitance to the capacitance between adjacent turns, and also with transmission-line theories. The inter-turn capacitance approach is found to have no predictive power. Transmission-line behaviour is corroborated by measurements using an induction loop and a receiving antenna, and by visualising the electric field using a gas discharge tube. In-circuit solenoid self-capacitance determinations show long-coil asymptotic behaviour corresponding to a wave propagating along the helical conductor with a phase-velocity governed by the local refractive index (i.e., v = c if the medium is air). This is consistent with measurements of transformer phase error vs. frequency, which indicate a constant time delay. These observations are at odds with the fact that a long solenoid in free space will exhibit helical propagation with a frequency-dependent phase velocity > c. The implication is that unmodified helical-waveguide theories are not appropriate for the prediction of self-capacitance, but they remain applicable in principle to open- circuit systems, such as Tesla coils, helical resonators and loaded vertical antennas, despite poor agreement with actual measurements. A semi-empirical method is given for predicting the first self- resonance frequencies of free coils by treating the coil as a helical transmission-line terminated by its own axial-field and fringe-field capacitances.
    [Show full text]
  • Ec6503 - Transmission Lines and Waveguides Transmission Lines and Waveguides Unit I - Transmission Line Theory 1
    EC6503 - TRANSMISSION LINES AND WAVEGUIDES TRANSMISSION LINES AND WAVEGUIDES UNIT I - TRANSMISSION LINE THEORY 1. Define – Characteristic Impedance [M/J–2006, N/D–2006] Characteristic impedance is defined as the impedance of a transmission line measured at the sending end. It is given by 푍 푍0 = √ ⁄푌 where Z = R + jωL is the series impedance Y = G + jωC is the shunt admittance 2. State the line parameters of a transmission line. The line parameters of a transmission line are resistance, inductance, capacitance and conductance. Resistance (R) is defined as the loop resistance per unit length of the transmission line. Its unit is ohms/km. Inductance (L) is defined as the loop inductance per unit length of the transmission line. Its unit is Henries/km. Capacitance (C) is defined as the shunt capacitance per unit length between the two transmission lines. Its unit is Farad/km. Conductance (G) is defined as the shunt conductance per unit length between the two transmission lines. Its unit is mhos/km. 3. What are the secondary constants of a line? The secondary constants of a line are 푍 i. Characteristic impedance, 푍0 = √ ⁄푌 ii. Propagation constant, γ = α + jβ 4. Why the line parameters are called distributed elements? The line parameters R, L, C and G are distributed over the entire length of the transmission line. Hence they are called distributed parameters. They are also called primary constants. The infinite line, wavelength, velocity, propagation & Distortion line, the telephone cable 5. What is an infinite line? [M/J–2012, A/M–2004] An infinite line is a line where length is infinite.
    [Show full text]
  • Modal Propagation and Excitation on a Wire-Medium Slab
    1112 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, VOL. 56, NO. 5, MAY 2008 Modal Propagation and Excitation on a Wire-Medium Slab Paolo Burghignoli, Senior Member, IEEE, Giampiero Lovat, Member, IEEE, Filippo Capolino, Senior Member, IEEE, David R. Jackson, Fellow, IEEE, and Donald R. Wilton, Life Fellow, IEEE Abstract—A grounded wire-medium slab has recently been shown to support leaky modes with azimuthally independent propagation wavenumbers capable of radiating directive omni- directional beams. In this paper, the analysis is generalized to wire-medium slabs in air, extending the omnidirectionality prop- erties to even modes, performing a parametric analysis of leaky modes by varying the geometrical parameters of the wire-medium lattice, and showing that, in the long-wavelength regime, surface modes cannot be excited at the interface between the air and wire medium. The electric field excited at the air/wire-medium interface by a horizontal electric dipole parallel to the wires is also studied by deriving the relevant Green’s function for the homogenized slab model. When the near field is dominated by a leaky mode, it is found to be azimuthally independent and almost perfectly linearly polarized. This result, which has not been previ- ously observed in any other leaky-wave structure for a single leaky mode, is validated through full-wave moment-method simulations of an actual wire-medium slab with a finite size. Index Terms—Leaky modes, metamaterials, near field, planar Fig. 1. (a) Wire-medium slab in air with the relevant coordinate axes. (b) Transverse view of the wire-medium slab with the relevant geometrical slab, wire medium.
    [Show full text]
  • Waveguide Propagation
    NTNU Institutt for elektronikk og telekommunikasjon Januar 2006 Waveguide propagation Helge Engan Contents 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 2 2 Propagation in waveguides, general relations .................................................................... 2 2.1 TEM waves ................................................................................................................ 7 2.2 TE waves .................................................................................................................... 9 2.3 TM waves ................................................................................................................. 14 3 TE modes in metallic waveguides ................................................................................... 14 3.1 TE modes in a parallel-plate waveguide .................................................................. 14 3.1.1 Mathematical analysis ...................................................................................... 15 3.1.2 Physical interpretation ..................................................................................... 17 3.1.3 Velocities ......................................................................................................... 19 3.1.4 Fields ................................................................................................................ 21 3.2 TE modes in rectangular waveguides .....................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to RF Measurements and Instrumentation
    Introduction to RF measurements and instrumentation Daniel Valuch, CERN BE/RF, [email protected] Purpose of the course • Introduce the most common RF devices • Introduce the most commonly used RF measurement instruments • Explain typical RF measurement problems • Learn the essential RF work practices • Teach you to measure RF structures and devices properly, accurately and safely to you and to the instruments Introduction to RF measurements and instrumentation 2 Daniel Valuch CERN BE/RF ([email protected]) Purpose of the course • What are we NOT going to do… But we still need a little bit of math… Introduction to RF measurements and instrumentation 3 Daniel Valuch CERN BE/RF ([email protected]) Purpose of the course • We will rather focus on: Instruments: …and practices: Methods: Introduction to RF measurements and instrumentation 4 Daniel Valuch CERN BE/RF ([email protected]) Transmission line theory 101 • Transmission lines are defined as waveguiding structures that can support transverse electromagnetic (TEM) waves or quasi-TEM waves. • For purpose of this course: The device which transports RF power from the source to the load (and back) Introduction to RF measurements and instrumentation 5 Daniel Valuch CERN BE/RF ([email protected]) Transmission line theory 101 Transmission line Source Load Introduction to RF measurements and instrumentation 6 Daniel Valuch CERN BE/RF ([email protected]) Transmission line theory 101 • The telegrapher's equations are a pair of linear differential equations which describe the voltage (V) and current (I) on an electrical transmission line with distance and time. • The transmission line model represents the transmission line as an infinite series of two-port elementary components, each representing an infinitesimally short segment of the transmission line: Distributed resistance R of the conductors (Ohms per unit length) Distributed inductance L (Henries per unit length).
    [Show full text]
  • Waveguides Waveguides, Like Transmission Lines, Are Structures Used to Guide Electromagnetic Waves from Point to Point. However
    Waveguides Waveguides, like transmission lines, are structures used to guide electromagnetic waves from point to point. However, the fundamental characteristics of waveguide and transmission line waves (modes) are quite different. The differences in these modes result from the basic differences in geometry for a transmission line and a waveguide. Waveguides can be generally classified as either metal waveguides or dielectric waveguides. Metal waveguides normally take the form of an enclosed conducting metal pipe. The waves propagating inside the metal waveguide may be characterized by reflections from the conducting walls. The dielectric waveguide consists of dielectrics only and employs reflections from dielectric interfaces to propagate the electromagnetic wave along the waveguide. Metal Waveguides Dielectric Waveguides Comparison of Waveguide and Transmission Line Characteristics Transmission line Waveguide • Two or more conductors CMetal waveguides are typically separated by some insulating one enclosed conductor filled medium (two-wire, coaxial, with an insulating medium microstrip, etc.). (rectangular, circular) while a dielectric waveguide consists of multiple dielectrics. • Normal operating mode is the COperating modes are TE or TM TEM or quasi-TEM mode (can modes (cannot support a TEM support TE and TM modes but mode). these modes are typically undesirable). • No cutoff frequency for the TEM CMust operate the waveguide at a mode. Transmission lines can frequency above the respective transmit signals from DC up to TE or TM mode cutoff frequency high frequency. for that mode to propagate. • Significant signal attenuation at CLower signal attenuation at high high frequencies due to frequencies than transmission conductor and dielectric losses. lines. • Small cross-section transmission CMetal waveguides can transmit lines (like coaxial cables) can high power levels.
    [Show full text]
  • Simple Transmission Line Representation of Tesla Coil and Tesla's Wave Propagation Concept
    November, 2006 Microwave Review Simple Transmission Line Representation of Tesla Coil and Tesla’s Wave Propagation Concept Zoran Blažević1, Dragan Poljak2, Mario Cvetković3 Abstract – In this paper, we shall propose a simple Many researchers of today in explanation of the Tesla's transmission line model for a Tesla coil that includes distributed concept assign the term “Hertzian wave” to the term “space voltage source along secondary of Tesla transformer, which is wave” and “current wave” to “surface wave” justifying this able to explain some of the effects that cannot be fully simulated with the difference in terminology of 19th/20th century and by the model with the lumped source. Also, a transmission line nowadays. However Tesla’s surface waves, if we could be representation of “propagation of current-through-Earth wave” will be presented upon. allowed to call them that way, have some different properties from, for instance, the Zenneck surface waves. Namely, they Keywords – Transmission line modelling, Tesla’s resonator, travel with a variable velocity in range from infinity at the Magnifying effect, Tesla’s current wave. electric poles down to the light speed at the electric equator as a consequence of the charges pushed by the resonator to I. INTRODUCTION tunnel through Earth along her diameter with speed equal or close to the speed of light in vacuum. And its effectiveness Ever since Dr. Nikola Tesla started to unfold the principles does not depend on polarization [1]. Regardless of the fact of electricity through the results of his legendary experiments that science considers this theory as fallacious, which is well and propositions, there is a level talk about it that actually explained in [6], it is also true that his conclusions are based never ceased, even to these days.
    [Show full text]
  • DETERMINATION of PROPAGATION CONSTANTS and MATERIAL DATA from WAVEGUIDE MEASUREMENTS D. Sjöberg Department of Electrical and In
    Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 12, 163–182, 2009 DETERMINATION OF PROPAGATION CONSTANTS AND MATERIAL DATA FROM WAVEGUIDE MEASUREMENTS D. Sj¨oberg Department of Electrical and Information Technology Lund University P. O. Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden Abstract—This paper presents an analysis with the aim of characterizing the electromagnetic properties of an arbitrary linear, bianisotropic material inside a metallic waveguide. The result is that if the number of propagating modes is the same inside and outside the material under test, it is possible to determine the propagation constants of the modes inside the material by using scattering data from two samples with different lengths. Some information can also be obtained on the cross-sectional shape of the modes, but it remains an open question if this information can be used to characterize the material. The method is illustrated by numerical examples, determining the complex permittivity for lossy isotropic and anisotropic materials. 1. INTRODUCTION In order to obtain a well controlled environment for making measurements of electromagnetic properties, it is common to do the measurements in a metallic cavity or waveguide. The geometrical constraints of the waveguide walls impose dispersive characteristics on the propagation of electromagnetic waves, i.e., the wavelength of the propagating wave depends on frequency in a nonlinear manner. In order to correctly interpret the measurements, it is necessary to provide a suitable characterization of the waves inside the waveguide. This is well known for isotropic materials [2, 3, 12, 20], bi-isotropic (chiral) materials [9, 17], and even anisotropic materials where an optical axis is along the waveguide axis [1, 10, 15, 16], but for general bianisotropic Corresponding author: D.
    [Show full text]
  • Basic RF Technic and Laboratory Manual
    Basic RF Technic and Laboratory Manual Dr. Haim Matzner&Shimshon Levy Novenber 2004 CONTENTS I Experiment-3 Transmission Lines-Part 2 2 1Introduction 3 1.1PrelabExercise.............................. 3 1.2BackgroundTheory............................ 3 1.2.1 (seepart1)............................ 3 2 Experiment Procedure 4 2.1RequiredEquipment........................... 4 2.2 Dielectric Constant R andVelocityFactorofCoaxialCable...... 4 2.3 Measuring Characteristic Impedance Z0 ................. 6 2.3.1 OpenShortMethod....................... 7 2.4 Measuring Propagation Constant of Coaxial cable. .......... 8 2.4.1 Attenuation Constant α ofcoaxialcable............ 8 2.4.2 Measuring Phase Constant β ofcoaxialcable......... 9 2.5FinalReport................................ 9 2.6 Appendix-1 Engineering Information RF Coaxial Cable RG-58 . 10 Part I Experiment-3 Transmission Lines-Part 2 2 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Prelab Exercise 1. Refer to the following sentence ” a line with series resistance R =0is a lossless line”. 2. What is the frequency of : f0 electromagnetic wave, propagation in a free space, λ0 =1m. • − fcoax electromagnetic wave, propagating in a coaxial cable with dielectric • − material. , λcoax =1m. f0 Find the ratio and show the dependence on r. • fcoax 1.2 Background Theory 1.2.1 (see part 1) Signal generator Oscilloscope 515.000,00 MHz 0.7m RG-58 3.4m RG-58 Figure 1 Phase difference between two coaxial cables Chapter 2 EXPERIMENT PROCEDURE 2.1 Required Equipment 1. Network Analyzer HP 8714B. 2. Arbitrary Waveform− Generators (AW G)HP 33120A. 3. Agilent ADS software. − 4. Termination-50Ω . 5. Standard 50Ω coaxial cable . 6. Open Short termination. 7. SMA short termination. 8. Caliber. 9. Length measuring device. 2.2 Dielectric Constant R and Velocity Factor of Coaxial Cable.
    [Show full text]
  • MPM542 15 Winarno.Pdf
    Materials Physics and Mechanics 42 (2019) 617-624 Received: May 9, 2019 THE EFFECT OF CONDUCTIVITY AND PERMITTIVITY ON PROPAGATION AND ATTENUATION OF WAVES USING FDTD N.Winarno1*, R.A. Firdaus2, R.M.A. Afifah3 1Department of Science Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudi No. 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia 2Department of Physics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Jl. Raya ITS, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia 3SMA Taruna Bakti, Jl. L.LRE. Marthadinata No. 52 Bandung, Indonesia *e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of conductivity and permittivity on wave propagation and attenuation on the plate using FDTD (The Finite Difference Time Domain). The FDTD method is used to describe electromagnetic waves. The method used in this study was the basic principle of the numerical approach of differential equations by taking into account boundary conditions, stability, and absorbing boundary conditions. The results of the simulation showed that if the permittivity of the material increased, the propagation would increase as well; however, the attenuation would decrease exponentially. If material conductivity increased, propagation and attenuation would increase. Attenuation and propagation produced the same value when the permittivity value was 2. This simulation could be used to select materials and identify physical phenomena related to electromagnetic waves. Keywords: conductivity, permittivity, propagation, attenuation, FDTD 1. Introduction Electromagnetic waves are waves that are difficult to visualize like real conditions in our lives; thus, we need the right method to overcome this problem. The Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method was first introduced by Kane Yee in 1966 to analyze electromagnetic fields [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Transmission Line Basics
    Transmission Line Basics Prof. Tzong-Lin Wu NTUEE 1 Outlines Transmission Lines in Planar structure. Key Parameters for Transmission Lines. Transmission Line Equations. Analysis Approach for Z0 and Td Intuitive concept to determine Z0 and Td Loss of Transmission Lines Example: Rambus and RIMM Module design 2 Transmission Lines in Planar structure Homogeneous Inhomogeneous Microstrip line Coaxial Cable Embedded Microstrip line Stripline 3 Key Parameters for Transmission Lines 1. Relation of V / I : Characteristic Impedance Z0 2. Velocity of Signal: Effective dielectric constant e 3. Attenuation: Conductor loss ac Dielectric loss ad Lossless case 1 L Td Z0 C V p C C 1 c0 1 V p LC e Td 4 Transmission Line Equations Quasi-TEM assumption 5 Transmission Line Equations R0 resistance per unit length(Ohm / cm) G0 conductance per unit length (mOhm / cm) L0 inductance per unit length (H / cm) C0 capacitance per unit length (F / cm) dV KVL : (R0 jwL0 )I dz Solve 2nd order D.E. for dI V and I KCL : (G0 jwC0 )V dz 6 Transmission Line Equations Two wave components with amplitudes V+ and V- traveling in the direction of +z and -z rz rz V V e V e 1 rz rz I (V e V e ) I I Z0 Where propagation constant and characteristic impedance are r (R0 jwL0 )(G0 jwC0 ) a j V V R0 jwL0 Z0 I I G0 jwC0 7 Transmission Line Equations a and can be expressed in terms of (R0 , L0 ,G0 ,C0 ) 2 2 2 a R0G0 L0C0 2a (R0C0 G0 L0 ) The actual voltage and current on transmission line: az jz az jz jwt V (z,t) Re[(V e e V e e )e ] 1 az jz az jz
    [Show full text]