DOCSLIB.ORG

Defining Reference Condition (T0) for the Soft Sediment Epibenthos and Demersal-Benthopelagic Fish in the Norther and Rentel Concession Zones

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Defining Reference Condition (T0) for the Soft Sediment Epibenthos and Demersal-Benthopelagic Fish in the Norther and Rentel Concession Zones CHAPTER 4 DEFINING REFERENCE CONDITION (T0) FOR THE SOFT SEDIMENT EPIBENTHOS AND DEMERSAL-BENTHOPELAGIC FISH IN THE NORTHER AND RENTEL CONCESSION ZONES DE BACKER Annelies & HOSTENS Kris Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Aquatic Environment and Quality, Ankerstraat 1, 8400 Oostende, Belgium Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Norther seems justified as the extrapolation In the near future, two new offshore wind of previous monitoring results from the oth- farms (OWFs) will be constructed in Belgian er OWFs cannot be guaranteed. Monitoring waters, Norther and Rentel. In this chapter, of Rentel, on the other hand, seems redun- we explored whether the epibenthos and dant within the current WinMon monitoring demersal-benthopelagic fish assemblage in program, as there is a high similarity with these future OWFs differed from the (refer- the C-power epibenthos and fish assemblag- ence) assemblages that are currently moni- es. Although, integration of Norther in the tored within the WinMon program i.e., for monitoring framework is recommended, it is the OWFs C-Power and Belwind. Secondly, important to consider that natural variability within this zone is very high, especially for the T0 reference conditions for both new concession zones are described. All sam- epibenthos, which may obscure both short ples were taken in autumn 2016, as such and long-term potential effects related to the excluding both interannual variability and presence of the Norther OWF, and the fisher- seasonality. ies exclusion in this concession zone. A clear north-south gradient was ob- served within the wider OWF area for both 1. Introduction soft sediment epibenthos and demersal-ben- In order to meet the targets set by the thopelagic fish assemblages. Norther, the European Directive 2009/28/EC on renewa- concession area closest to shore (ca. 23 km), ble energy, the Belgian government reserved exhibited much higher density and biomass an offshore area of 238 km² for the pro- (for epibenthos), and also community struc- duction of electricity. Since 2017, 232 off- ture differed from the other concession ar- shore wind turbines are operational in the eas. Norther is inhabited by an assemblage Belgian part of the North Sea (BPNS) with most related to a typical coastal community, an installed capacity of 877 MW. A further while Rentel comprises a typical offshore 309 MW is under construction in the Rentel assemblage, comparable with Belwind and concession area, and in 2018 construction of C-Power. Because of the different epiben- the Norther offshore wind farm (OWF) will thos and fish assemblages, a follow-up of start, good for another 370 MW. 39 De Backer & Hostens Construction of OWFs introduces ar- 2. Material and methods tificial hard substrates into the typical soft bottom sandy environment in the BPNS. 2.1. Sampling These hard substrates generate a new ‘rocky’ Sampling for the reference condition (T0) habitat, attracting hard substrate species was performed on board RV Simon Stevin (Lindeboom et al. 2011; Kerkhof et al. 2012; in autumn 2016. Trawl samples were taken De Mesel et al. 2015) and creating a reef ef- inside the future concession areas of Rentel fect for epibenthic fauna and demersal-ben- and Norther, and at potential reference loca- thopelagic fish (Reubens et al. 2011, 2013; tions outside the concession areas (fig. 1). Stenberg et al. 2015). This reef effect, in At the location of ftNor2, a fishing vessel combination with fisheries exclusion in the had been fishing right before our sampling, wider OWF area, may affect the original soft with a lot of dead fish and epibenthos in the bottom epibenthos and fish assemblages be- sample as a consequence. This dead mate- tween the wind turbines. rial was not taken into account in the anal- Since 2005, ILVO performs beam trawl yses. Additionally, in this same monitoring monitoring surveys to evaluate the potential survey, we also performed the impact mon- effects of OWFs on soft sediment epibenthos itoring in the Belwind and C-Power OWFs and demersal-benthopelagic fish. The study and their respective reference zones (see effort has been concentrated on the C-Power De Backer & Hostens 2017). On all track and Belwind OWFs, the first OWFs in locations, epibenthos and fish fauna were Belgian waters. Both OWFs are located on sampled with an 8-meter shrimp beam trawl a sand bank, respectively on Thornton Bank (22 mm mesh in the cod end) equipped with and Bligh Bank, approximately 30 and 50 km a bolder chain. The net was towed during offshore. Their epibenthos and fish assem- 15 minutes at an average speed of 4 knots blages are characterized as a typical offshore over approximately 1 nautical mile. Data on assemblage (Derweduwen et al. 2010). The time, start and stop coordinates, trajectory future Rentel OWF is situated in a gully in and sampling depth were noted to enable a between both OWFs, while Norther is situat- correct conversion towards sampled surface ed closest to shore (23 km from Zeebrugge). units. The fish tracks are more or less posi- This hints at potentially different epibenthos tioned following the depth contours parallel and demersal-benthopelagic fish assemblag- to the coastline, thereby minimizing the depth es. If so, results of the current impact moni- variation within a single track, except for ft- toring in C-Power and Belwind may not di- Nor1 and ftNor2 within the Norther conces- rectly be extrapolated to the future OWFs. sion which are perpendicular to the coastline due to the future positioning of the infield We sampled both future concession are- electricity cables. On board, epibenthos and as in autumn 2016: fish were identified, counted, measured (fish, 1) to evaluate whether the soft sediment crabs and shrimps) and wet weighted (only epibenthos and fish assemblages of the epibenthos). The samples that could not be future OWFs (Rentel and Norther) dif- fully processed on board were frozen and fer from the reference zones currently further processed in the lab. monitored for the OWFs (C-Power and Belwind); 2.2. Data used and statistical analyses 2) to determine the reference conditions Pelagic species (based on www.fishbase. (T0) for both future OWFs (Rentel and org) such as Sprattus sprattus, Trachurus Norther), and to evaluate the suitability trachurus, Scomber scombrus, next to jel- of the reference locations for future im- lyfish and polychaetes were excluded from pact assessments. 40 Chapter 4. Reference conditions for the soft sediment epibenthos and dermersal-benthopelagic fish the analyses, as these are not quantitatively performed to determine where the differenc- sampled with a beam trawl. es were situated. P values for pairwise test were, due to the restricted number of possi- 2.2.1. Community analysis of the wider Belgian ble permutations, drawn from Monte Carlo offshore wind farm area (MC) permutations (Anderson & Robinson 2003). SIMPER analyses were done to ap- The reference locations of the Belwind and point the species most responsible for the C-Power impact monitoring of 2016 were observed differences. included to test for differences in the soft sediment epibenthos and fish assemblage All analyses were executed using between the future concession areas Norther Primer v6 with PERMANOVA add-on and Rentel and the reference zones of the software (Clarke & Gorley 2006; Anderson operational OWFs Belwind and C-Power et al. 2008). (fig. 1; De Backer & Hostens 2017). This al- lowed for a community analysis in the wider 2.2.2. Reference condition (T0) for Norther and OWF area. For this analysis, we tested the Rentel area effect for two ecosystem components To determine the T0 in both future OWFs, (epibenthos and demersal-benthopelagic a descriptive analysis was executed at the fish) in a one-way PERMANOVA design sample level in order to be able to observe with factor ‘concession area’ for univariate the degree of variability between samples in variables (species number, density, biomass) one area. The number of samples (2 impact and for community structure. Multivariate and 2 reference) was too low for a statistical- data were fourth root transformed and sim- ly sound evaluation of the suitability of the ilarity among samples was quantified using reference locations for Norther and Rentel. Bray-Curtis similarity index. PERMANOVA Therefore, univariate measures, species analyses on univariate data (species rich- number, density and biomass (for epibenthos ness, density and biomass) were performed only), were calculated for each fish track, to- on Euclidean distance resemblance matri- gether with relative abundance of the domi- ces with unrestricted permutations of raw nant species. Univariate measures were then data. PERMDISP test was used to test for visualized in ArcGIS, allowing for an expert homogeneity of dispersion within groups for judgement on the suitability of the reference a correct interpretation of the PERMANOVA locations for future impact assessments of results. Whenever a significant ‘conces- Norther and Rentel. sion’ effect was found, pairwise tests were 41 De Backer & Hostens Figure 1. Overview map showing the T0 trawl locations in the Norther and Rentel concession areas and their respective reference locations (black). Dark blue are reference locations for C-Power and light blue reference locations for Belwind, which were included for the wider offshore wind farm area community analysis. 42 Chapter 4. Reference conditions for the soft sediment epibenthos and dermersal-benthopelagic fish 3. Results Pairwise tests showed that Norther dif- fered significantly from all other concession 3.1. Community analysis of the wider zones, both in community structure and dis- offshore wind farm area persion level, indicating a high degree of heterogeneity in the Norther zone (fig. 3). 3.1.1. Epibenthos Rentel and Belwind showed as well a signif- Number of species (S) per sample did not icantly different community structure. differ significantly between the four zones.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Research Article Hydrodynamic Conditions Effects on Soft-Bottom Subtidal Nearshore Benthic Community Structure and Distribution
    Hindawi Journal of Marine Sciences Volume 2020, Article ID 4674580, 16 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4674580 Research Article Hydrodynamic Conditions Effects on Soft-Bottom Subtidal Nearshore Benthic Community Structure and Distribution Clémence Foulquier ,1,2 Julien Baills,1 Alison Arraud,1 Frank D’Amico,2 Hugues Blanchet,3 Didier Rihouey,1 and Noëlle Bru2 1Casagec Ingenierie, 18 rue Maryse Bastié, 64600 Anglet, France 2CNRS/UNIV Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA, Laboratoire de Mathématiques et de Leurs Applications de Pau, UMR 5142 64600, Anglet, France 3Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5805 EPOC, Station Marine d’Arcachon, 2 Rue du Professeur Jolyet, 33120 Arcachon, France Correspondence should be addressed to Clémence Foulquier; [email protected] Received 22 May 2019; Revised 30 August 2019; Accepted 15 October 2019; Published 30 January 2020 Academic Editor: Garth L. Fletcher Copyright © 2020 Clémence Foulquier et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. is study assesses the impacts of wave action and freshwater outflow on so-bottom benthic macrofauna spatial distribution and temporal stability along the highly exposed French Basque coast. Sediment characteristics and macrofauna abundance have been seasonally investigated during two years for nine stations located at the same (6 m) depth and spread over three subtidal sites showing distinct exposure levels. Wave climate has been determined through an operational numerical model. A total of 121 taxa were recorded, gathered in three main faunal assemblages, as revealed by classification and ordination methods.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of the Nassarius Pauperus
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: European Journal of Taxonomy Jahr/Year: 2017 Band/Volume: 0275 Autor(en)/Author(s): Galindo Lee Ann, Kool Hugo H., Dekker Henk Artikel/Article: Review of the Nassarius pauperus (Gould, 1850) complex (Nassariidae): Part 3, reinstatement of the genus Reticunassa, with the description of six new species 1-43 European Journal of Taxonomy 275: 1–43 ISSN 2118-9773 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2017.275 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2017 · Galindo L.A. et al. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. DNA Library of Life, research article urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FC663FAD-BCCB-4423-8952-87E93B14DEEA Review of the Nassarius pauperus (Gould, 1850) complex (Nassariidae): Part 3, reinstatement of the genus Reticunassa, with the description of six new species Lee Ann GALINDO 1*, Hugo H. KOOL 2 & Henk DEKKER 3 1 Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Département Systématique et Evolution, ISyEB Institut (UMR 7205 CNRS/UPMC/MNHN/EPHE), 43, Rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris, France. 2,3 Associate Mollusca Collection, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands. * Corresponding author: [email protected] 2 Email: [email protected] 3 Email: [email protected] 1 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:B84DC387-F1A5-4FE4-80F2-5C93E41CEC15 2 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:5E718E5A-85C8-404C-84DC-6E53FD1D61D6 3 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:DA6A1E69-F70A-42CC-A702-FE0EC80D77FA Abstract. In this review (third part), several species within the Nassarius pauperus complex from the eastern Indian Ocean and western Pacifi c are treated, including a revised concept of Nassa paupera Gould, 1850, type species of the genus Reticunassa Iredale, 1936.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyright© 2018 Mediterranean Marine Science
    Mediterranean Marine Science Vol. 19, 2018 A novel grid-net design to eliminate bycatch in beam trawl fishing for the veined rapa whelk in the south-eastern Black Sea ERYAŞAR AHMET Recep Tayyip Erdogan University http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.15351 Copyright © 2018 Mediterranean Marine Science To cite this article: ERYAŞAR, A. (2018). A novel grid-net design to eliminate bycatch in beam trawl fishing for the veined rapa whelk in the south-eastern Black Sea. Mediterranean Marine Science, 19(3), 494-503. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.15351 http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 12/10/2019 07:52:29 | Research Article Mediterranean Marine Science Indexed in WoS (Web of Science, ISI Thomson) and SCOPUS The journal is available online at http://www.medit-mar-sc.net DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.15351 A novel grid-net design to eliminate bycatch in beam trawl fishing for the veined rapa whelk in the south-eastern Black Sea AHMET RAİF ERYAŞAR Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Underwater Technology Program, Rize, Turkey Corresponding author: [email protected] Handling Editor: Argyro Zenetos Received: 7 December 2017; Accepted: 19 March 2018; Published on line: 26 September 2018 Abstract Beam trawl fisheries in the Black Sea target the veined rapa whelk (Rapana venosa) while other species of fish and crabs are re- turned to the sea dead or alive. Smaller bivalves and crabs are also packed with the catch without elimination. In this study, novel grid-net designs (GNDs) with two different bar spacings were tested to reduce the bycatch.
    [Show full text]
  • Protection Over Mobility? How Shell Selection in the Hermit Crab Clibanarius Erythropus (Paguroidea) Is Modulated by Availability and Ecological Conditions
    Protection over mobility? How shell selection in the hermit crab Clibanarius erythropus (Paguroidea) is modulated by availability and ecological conditions. Dressler, Lena Elisa; [email protected] Ebel, Roy; [email protected] Ehlers, Sarah; [email protected] Abstract Hermit crabs occupy empty gastropods shells, which have to provide both: mobility and protection. Yet, the process of shell selection and the preference for different architectural traits, such as globose or conical shapes, has not been fully understood. In this study we look into the selection behaviour of Clibanarius erythropus. Five gastropod shell types of similar size were offered in a laboratory setup. The results were compared to findings in a natural habitat in Le Cabellou, located on the French Atlantic Coast. Moreover, the radius of movement between consecutive tides was studied to infer how C. erythropus obtains shells in the absence of live gastropods. When offered in equal amounts, a vast majority selected a shell of conical shape as a final shelter, either Tritia reticulata or, to a lesser extent, Nucella lapillus. Consistent with this, these two gastropods provided the shells first selected and occupied the most time during the experiment. A similar preference for a conical shape was observed in the field. Yet, a greater fraction was found to occupy N. lapillus. Moreover, after two tides, 47 % of specimens were recovered in close vicinity to their original location. Due to this locational constancy we presume that the population depends on a passive import of certain shells. The different abundance of empty gastropod shells is likely to constitute a limiting factor that modulates shell selection under natural conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • M13391 Supp.Pdf
    Supplement to de Bettignies et al. (2020) – https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13391 Table S1. Complete list of taxa identified during the degradation with their corresponding trophic group: detritus feeders (DF), grazers (G), predators (P) and suspension-feeders (SF). The sum of the abundance of the three replicate cages is reported for each sampling time. Abundance / Trophic Taxons sampling time (weeks) group 2 4 6 11 15 20 24 Annelida Polychaeta Amblyosyllis sp. - Grube, 1857 P 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Branchiomma bairdi - (McIntosh, 1885) SF 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 Branchiomma bombyx - (Dalyell, 1853) SF 0 0 0 0 1 0 6 Eumida sanguinea - (Örsted, 1843) P 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 Eupolymnia nebulosa - (Montagu, 1819) DF 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Eupolymnia nesidensis - (Delle Chiaje, 1828) DF 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 Flabelligera affinis - M. Sars, 1829 DF 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Harmothoe extenuata - (Grube, 1840) P 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Harmothoe sp. - Kinberg, 1856 P 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 Hydroides norvegica - Gunnerus, 1768 SF 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Lanice conchilega - (Pallas, 1766) DF 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Lepidonotus clava - (Montagu, 1808) P 0 0 0 0 2 0 5 Lepidonotus squamatus - (Linnaeus, 1758) P 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Malmgrenia sp. - McIntosh, 1874 P 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Micronereis sp. - Claparède, 1863 DF 0 0 0 4 6 0 2 Micronereis variegata - Claparède, 1863 DF 0 0 1 6 6 0 2 Microspio sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Seagrasses Transplantation in Confined and Coastal Adriatic Environments: Methods and Results
    water Review Marine Seagrasses Transplantation in Confined and Coastal Adriatic Environments: Methods and Results Daniele Curiel 1, Sandra Paveli´c 2 , Agata Kovaˇcev 3, Chiara Miotti 1 and Andrea Rismondo 1,* 1 SELC Soc. Coop., Via dell’Elettricità 3/D Marghera-VE, 30175 Venezia, Italy; [email protected] (D.C.); [email protected] (C.M.) 2 Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Viktora Cara Emina 5, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; [email protected] 3 Kornati National Park, Butina 2, 22243 Murter, Croatia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The anthropogenic pressures of the twentieth century have seriously endangered the Mediterranean coastal zone; as a consequence, marine seagrass habitats have strongly retreated, mostly those of Posidonia oceanica. For this reason, over time, restoration programs have been put in place through transplantation activities, with different success. These actions have also been conducted with other Mediterranean marine seagrasses. The results of numerous transplanting operations conducted in the Northern Adriatic Sea and lagoons with Cymodocea nodosa, Zostera marina and Z. noltei and in the Central and Southern Adriatic Sea with P. oceanica (only within the project Interreg SASPAS), are herein presented and compared, taking also into account the presence of extensive meadows of C. nodosa, Z. marina and Z. noltei, along the North Adriatic coasts and lagoons. Keywords: seagrass restoration; transplanting; Posidonia oceanica; Cymodocea nodosa Citation: Curiel, D.; Kraljevi´cPaveli´c, S.; Kovaˇcev, A.; Miotti, C.; Rismondo, A. Marine Seagrasses Transplantation in Confined and Coastal Adriatic 1. Introduction Environments: Methods and Results. Water 2021, 13, 2289. https:// Marine seagrasses (MS) are among the most productive and widespread ecosystems doi.org/10.3390/w13162289 from the Tropics to the boreal coasts of any ocean [1,2].
    [Show full text]
  • First Investigations of the Consumption of Seal Carcasses by Terrestrial And
    The Glasgow Naturalist (online 2016) Volume 26, Part 3 First investigation of the consumption of seal carcasses by terrestrial and marine scavengers M.-M. Quaggiotto¹, L.R. Burke, D.J. McCafferty¹, D.M. Bailey¹ ¹Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK ABSTRACT carrion is often an unpredictable resource, making Marine mammal carrion contains a large amount of scavenging a high risk/high reward strategy. This nutrients and energy of potential value to terrestrial risk is reduced where animals can search large and marine scavengers, but its impact on coastal areas at low cost, which can be accomplished by habitats has not been studied. This study aimed to specialised birds (RuXton & Houston, 2004) and provide a detailed documentation of the fate of two possibly by abyssal fish (RuXton & Bailey, 2005). grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) pup carcasses, one However, scavengers are often facultative rather placed on the shore of Little Cumbrae and one at a than obligate: many large mammalian carnivores, depth of 6 m off Great Cumbrae, Firth of Clyde, and a for instance, switch from hunting to scavenging record of the changes in the carcasses and the depending on prey availability (Pereira et al., 2014). succession of scavengers using these resources. The In some food webs scavenging links have been carcasses were monitored using time lapse and/or underestimated 16-fold, so that the energy motion-activated cameras. On the shore, great transferred through scavenging is likely to be black-backed gulls, juvenile gulls and ravens fed on greater than that transferred by predation (Wilson the carcass and there was a distinct shift in the & Wolkovich, 2011).
    [Show full text]
  • An INIRO DUCTION
    Introduction to the Black Sea Ecology Item Type Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings Authors Zaitsev, Yuvenaly Publisher Smil Edition and Publishing Agency ltd Download date 23/09/2021 11:08:56 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/12945 Yuvenaiy ZAITSEV шшшшшшишшвивявшиншшшаттшшшштшшщ an INIRO DUCTION TO THE BLACK SEA ECOLOGY Production and publication of this book was supported by the UNDF-GEF Black Sea Ecosystem Recovery Project (BSERP) Istanbul, TURKEY an INTRO Yuvenaly ZAITSEV TO THE BLACK SEA ECOLOGY Smil Editing and Publishing Agency ltd Odessa 2008 УДК 504.42(262.5) 3177 ББК 26.221.8 (922.8) Yuvenaly Zaitsev. An Introduction to the Black Sea Ecology. Odessa: Smil Edition and Publishing Agency ltd. 2008. — 228 p. Translation from Russian by M. Gelmboldt. ISBN 978-966-8127-83-0 The Black Sea is an inland sea surrounded by land except for the narrow Strait of Bosporus connecting it to the Mediterranean. The huge catchment area of the Black Sea receives annually about 400 ктУ of fresh water from large European and Asian rivers (e.g. Danube, Dnieper, Yeshil Irmak). This, combined with the shallowness of Bosporus makes the Black Sea to a considerable degree a stagnant marine water body wherein the dissolved oxygen disappears at a depth of about 200 m while hydrogen sulphide is present at all greater depths. Since the 1970s, the Black Sea has been seriously damaged as a result of pollution and other man-made factors and was studied by dif­ ferent specialists. There are, of course, many excellent works dealing with individual aspects of the Black Sea biology and ecology.
    [Show full text]
  • Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Two Toxin-Accumulated Nassariids (Neogastropoda: Nassariidae: Nassarius) and Their Implication for Phylogeny
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Two Toxin-Accumulated Nassariids (Neogastropoda: Nassariidae: Nassarius) and Their Implication for Phylogeny Yi Yang 1, Hongyue Liu 1, Lu Qi 1, Lingfeng Kong 1 and Qi Li 1,2,* 1 Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; [email protected] (Y.Y.); [email protected] (H.L.); [email protected] (L.Q.); [email protected] (L.K.) 2 Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei Town, Qingdao 266237, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-532-8203-2773 Received: 30 March 2020; Accepted: 12 May 2020; Published: 17 May 2020 Abstract: The Indo-Pacific nassariids (genus Nassarius) possesses the highest diversity within the family Nassariidae. However, the previous shell or radula-based classification of Nassarius is quite confusing due to the homoplasy of certain morphological characteristics. The toxin accumulators Nassarius glans and Nassarius siquijorensis are widely distributed in the subtidal regions of the Indo-Pacific Ocean. In spite of their biological significance, the phylogenetic positions of N. glans and N. siquijorensis are still undetermined. In the present study, the complete mitochondrial genomes of N. glans and N. siquijorensis were sequenced. The present mitochondrial genomes were 15,296 and 15,337 bp in length, respectively, showing negative AT skews and positive GC skews as well as a bias of AT rich on the heavy strand. They contained 13 protein coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and several noncoding regions, and their gene order was identical to most caenogastropods.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea
    2018 MEMOIRS on the Marine Environment ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS SERIES OF OFFSHORE WIND FARMS IN THE BELGIAN PART OF THE NORTH SEA Edited by ASSESSING AND MANAGING Steven Degraer Robin Brabant EFFECT SPHERES OF INFLUENCE Bob Rumes Laurence Vigin SCIENTIFIC REPORTS SCIENTIFIC REPORTS MEMOIRS on the Marine Environment 2018 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF OFFSHORE WIND FARMS IN THE BELGIAN PART OF THE NORTH SEA ASSESSING AND MANAGING EFFECT SPHERES OF INFLUENCE Edited by Steven Degraer Robin Brabant Bob Rumes Laurence Vigin Published by: Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS) Operational Directorate Natural Environment (OD Nature) Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecology (ATECO) Marine Ecology and Management (MARECO) Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium www.naturalsciences.be odnature.naturalsciences.be Revision and layout: Charlotte Gérard (RBINS) Cover illustration: Installation of wind turbine foundations in the Nobelwind wind farm © Bob Rumes (RBINS) Printed by: Peeters (Belgium) Legal deposit: D/2018/0339/5 ISBN: 978-9-0732-4242-5 Reproduction of parts of the report is possible, except for commercial purposes, provided the source is clearly acknowledged. This report should be cited as: Degraer, S., Brabant, R., Rumes, B. & Vigin, L. (eds). 2018. Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Assessing and Managing Effect Spheres of Influence. Brussels: Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, OD Natural Environment, Marine Ecology and Management, 136 p. Edited by: Steven Degraer ([email protected]) Robin Brabant ([email protected]) Bob Rumes ([email protected]) Laurence Vigin ([email protected]) This publication has been peer-reviewed Acknowledgements This research is financed by C-Power nv, Parkwind nv, Rentel nv and Norther nv, in fulfilment of the environmental monitoring programme of their environmental permits.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of an Engineer Species on the Diversity and Functioning of Benthic Communities: the Sabellaria Alveolata Reef Habitat
    Effect of an engineer species on the diversity and functioning of benthic communities : the Sabellaria Alveolata reef habitat Auriane Jones To cite this version: Auriane Jones. Effect of an engineer species on the diversity and functioning of benthic communities : the Sabellaria Alveolata reef habitat. Ecology, environment. Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2017. English. <NNT : 2017BRES0142>. <tel-01801202> HAL Id: tel-01801202 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01801202 Submitted on 28 May 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Thèse préparée à l'Université de Bretagne Occidentale pour obtenir le diplôme de DOCTEUR délivré de façon partagée par L'Université de Bretagne Occidentale et l'Université de Bretagne Loire présentée par Spécialité: Ecologie marine Auriane Jones École Doctorale Sciences de la Mer et du Littoral Thèse soutenue le 14 décembre 2017 Effect of an engineer devant le jury composé de: species on the diversity Erik BONSDORFF Professor of marine biology, Åbo Akademi University / Rapporteur and functioning
    [Show full text]
  • A Phylogeny of Southern Hemisphere Whelks (Gastropoda: Buccinulidae) and Concordance with the Fossil Record ⇑ Felix Vaux A, , Simon F.K
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 114 (2017) 367–381 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev A phylogeny of Southern Hemisphere whelks (Gastropoda: Buccinulidae) and concordance with the fossil record ⇑ Felix Vaux a, , Simon F.K. Hills a, Bruce A. Marshall b, Steven A. Trewick a, Mary Morgan-Richards a a Ecology Group, Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand b National Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, New Zealand article info abstract Article history: Under current marine snail taxonomy, the majority of whelks from the Southern Hemisphere Received 15 February 2017 (Buccinulidae) are hypothesised to represent a monophyletic clade that has evolved independently from Revised 31 May 2017 Northern Hemisphere taxa (Buccinidae). Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial genomic and nuclear Accepted 26 June 2017 ribosomal DNA sequence data indicates that Southern Hemisphere taxa are not monophyletic, and results Available online 29 June 2017 suggest that dispersal across the equator has occurred in both directions. New Zealand buccinulid whelks, noted for their high endemic diversity, are also found to not be monophyletic. Using independent fossil Keywords: calibrations, estimated genetic divergence dates show remarkable concordance with the fossil record of Buccinulum the Penion and Kelletia. The divergence dates and the geographic distribution of the genera through time Buccinidae Kelletia implies that some benthic marine snails are capable of dispersal over long distances, despite varied devel- Marine snail opmental strategies. Phylogenetic results also indicate that one species, P. benthicolus belongs in Penion Antarctoneptunea. Systematics Ó 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]