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Linköpings Universitet Water and Environmental Studies Department of Thematic Studies Linköping University Efficient Irrigation Water Allocation and Use for Enhanced Paddy Productivity: Case study of Mugerero in Imbo lowland Region in Burundi. Tharcisse Ndayizigiye Master’s programme Science for Sustainable Development Master’s Thesis, 30 ECTS credits ISRN: LIU-TEMAV/MPSSD-A--09/002--SE Linköpings Universitet Water and Environmental Studies Department of Thematic Studies Linköping University Efficient Irrigation Water Allocation and Use for Enhanced Paddy Productivity: Case study of Mugerero in Imbo lowland Region in Burundi. Tharcisse Ndayizigiye Master’s programme Science for Sustainable Development Master’s Thesis, 30 ECTS credits Supervisor: Lotta Andersson 2009 i Upphovsrätt Detta dokument hålls tillgängligt på Internet – eller dess framtida ersättare – under 25 år från publiceringsdatum under förutsättning att inga extraordinära omständigheter uppstår. Tillgång till dokumentet innebär tillstånd för var och en att läsa, ladda ner, skriva ut enstaka kopior för enskilt bruk och att använda det oförändrat för ickekommersiell forskning och för undervisning. Överföring av upphovsrätten vid en senare tidpunkt kan inte upphäva detta tillstånd. All annan användning av dokumentet kräver upphovsmannens medgivande. För att garantera äktheten, säkerheten och tillgängligheten finns lösningar av teknisk och administrativ art. Upphovsmannens ideella rätt innefattar rätt att bli nämnd som upphovsman i den omfattning som god sed kräver vid användning av dokumentet på ovan beskrivna sätt samt skydd mot att dokumentet ändras eller presenteras i sådan form eller i sådant sammanhang som är kränkande för upphovsmannens litterära eller konstnärliga anseende eller egenart. För ytterligare information om Linköping University Electronic Press se förlagets hemsida http://www.ep.liu.se/. Copyright The publishers will keep this document online on the Internet – or its possible replacement – for a period of 25 years starting from the date of publication barring exceptional circumstances. The online availability of the document implies permanent permission for anyone to read, to download, or to print out single copies for his/her own use and to use it unchanged for non- commercial research and educational purpose. Subsequent transfers of copyright cannot revoke this permission. All other uses of the document are conditional upon the consent of the copyright owner. The publisher has taken technical and administrative measures to assure authenticity, security and accessibility. According to intellectual property law the author has the right to be mentioned when his/her work is accessed as described above and to be protected against infringement. For additional information about Linköping University Electronic Press and its procedures for publication and for assurance of document integrity, please refer to its www home page: http://www.ep.liu.se/. © Tharcisse Ndayizigiye ii Table of Contents Abstract ...........................................................................................................................................................1 1. Introduction.................................................................................................................................................3 1.1 General introduction .............................................................................................................................3 1.2 Problematic background and scope of the study...................................................................................3 1.2.1 Geography.....................................................................................................................................3 1.2.2. Problematic background...............................................................................................................5 1.3 Research questions and scope of the study...........................................................................................6 2. Theoretical framework and literature review ..............................................................................................7 2.1 Paddy irrigation scheme of the Imbo Regional Development Agency (SRDI). ...................................7 2.1.1 Irrigation paddy practices in Imbo low Land Region....................................................................7 2.1.2 Irrigation and drainage technical system.......................................................................................7 2.1.3 Water and land management in Mugerero Irrigation by gravity with water abstraction on Mpanda River.........................................................................................................................................8 Figure.2: Double reservoir upstream of the irrigation scheme of Mugerero (source: Field data)..........8 2.2 Principles of irrigation water efficient allocation and use. ...................................................................9 2.3 What does efficient irrigation water allocation and use mean? ..........................................................10 Table 1: Efficient irrigation water use improvement options (Source: Bucks, n.d.)............................10 2.4 Determination of water allocation in paddy irrigation scheme of Mugerero......................................10 Table 2: ET rice calculated for a cultural season scheduled from January to May................................11 Table 3: Efficient rainfall Pe calculated for a cultural season scheduled from January to May. .........11 Table 4: Irrigation Water Need calculated for a cultural season scheduled from January to May.......12 3. Material and methodology ........................................................................................................................13 3.1 Study area description.........................................................................................................................13 Figure 3: Detailed maps of the study area (Source: Adapted from IGEBU, UNHCR and SRDI archives)...............................................................................................................................................13 3.2 Sample and sampling methods ...........................................................................................................13 3.3 Questionnaire......................................................................................................................................13 3.4 Procedure............................................................................................................................................14 3.5 Data analysis.......................................................................................................................................14 3.6 Critiques of the methodology .............................................................................................................15 4. Results and discussion...............................................................................................................................16 4.1 Respondents’ socio-economic background.........................................................................................16 Table 5: Socio-economic background of surveyed farmers.................................................................16 4.2 Causes of current irrigation paddy mismanagements .........................................................................17 Figure 4: Causes of low irrigation paddy yields...................................................................................17 4.2.1 Uncontrolled extension of paddy cropping area..........................................................................17 Figure 5: Relative importance of paddy farming comparativelly to the global agricultural production in Gihanga commune (Source: Adapted from MPDRN, 2006). ..........................................................18 Table 6: Evolution of the population in the three sampled village (1990-2010)..................................21 4.3 Consequences of current irrigation paddy mismanagement defined by farmers. ...............................22 Figure 6: Consequences of current irrigation mismanagements. .........................................................22 4.3.1 Low irrigation paddy yields ........................................................................................................22 Table7: Paddy production, yield prices and annual precipitations during the last 10 years. (Source: adapted from SINDAYIHABURA B, 2005 and SRDI database)........................................................23 4.3.2 Conflicts over irrigation water use ..............................................................................................23 4.3.3 Destruction of irrigation infrastructure........................................................................................24 4.3.4 Inefficient irrigation water use ....................................................................................................24 Figure 7: Plate showing how irrigation water conveyance infrastructures are not well maintained (Source: Field data)..............................................................................................................................25 Figure 8: Plate showing how water is wasted at the farm level (Source: Field data)..........................26 4.3.5 Increasing soil salinity.................................................................................................................26
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