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A E S S S L T A E A C R C I yyyyN S M S E E H C C T N IO A November 2001 Vol. LXXX, No. 3 yyyyC N ¥ AMERI
Monthly Meeting James Flack Norris Award to Dennis G. Peters of Indiana University, Bloomington
Book Review “Instruments and Experimentation in Chemistry”, F.L. Holmes and T.H. Levere, eds.
Meeting Report Post-Bologna Chemical Education in Europe, by T.N. Mitchell
Special Report Pharmaceutical Industry in India, by M.S. Chorghade et al. James Flack Norris James Flack Norris was born in Balti- more, MD in 1871 as one of nine chil- dren of Reverend and Mrs. Richard Norris. He went to school in the Wash- ington, D.C. area, then enrolled in Johns Hopkins University in 1889, obtaining the doctorate in chemistry in 1895. He had a Fellowship during his last year and also taught at the Univer- sity of Maryland and coached classes in mathematics and science. He joined the faculty at MIT as an Instructor, giv- ing a course in organic preparations, later, history of chemistry, and organic chemistry. He taught a laboratory NOTE TO PRINTER course in organic reactions and prepa- rations with A.A. Noyes. In 1900 he Mass Vac became Assistant Professor of Organic Chemistry. In 1902 he married Anne Bent 2/3 page ad appears here Chamberlin, a student at the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston. He published his thesis work with his mentor, Ira Remsen, on “The Action of Halogens on the Methy- Ad # MASS 357N lamines” . During his career he pub- lished some seventy publications, also four books: Principles of Organic Paper ad to be stripped in Chemistry (1912), Experimental Organic Chemistry (1915), Inorganic by Saltus Chemistry for Colleges (1921), Labo- ratory Exercises in Inorganic chem- istry (1922), coauthored with Prof. Kenneth Mark of Simmons College. In 1904 he was appointed Professor of Chemistry at Simmons College, where he stayed for 11 years. In 1910 he took a sabbatical leave in Karlsruhe, Ger- many to study with Prof. Fritz Haber. There he acquired the physical-chemi- cal point of view, giving him new insights into organic chemistry. During this time, he and Mrs. Nor- ris and, for the summer three of Norris’ sisters, toured Europe with sojourns in Paris, Holland, England, and Scotland. In 1915 Norris was offered the professorship of chemistry in Vander- bilt University in Nashville, Tenn., but in 1916 he was asked to return to MIT continued on page 4
2 The Nucleus November 2001 The Northeastern Section of the American James Flack Norris and the Award ______2 Chemical Society, Inc. Brief account of the man and the Award Office: Marilou Cashman, 23 Cottage St., Natick, MA 01760. 1-800-872-2054 (Voice or FAX) or 508-653-6329. Monthly Meeting ______5 e-mail: [email protected] James Flack Norris Award for Outstanding Achievement in the Teaching of Any Section business may be conducted Chemistry, to Dr. Dennis G. Peters of Indiana University, Bloomington via the business office above. NESACS Homepage: http://www.NESACS.org Puzzle Column______6 Frank R. Gorga, Webmaster A new Mind Challenger from MENSA. Solution to the October puzzle p.21 Washington, D.C. ACS Hotline: 1-800-227-5558 NESACS Events for National Chemistry Week ______7 Officers 2001 Tenth Annual ACS Northeast Regional Undergraduate Day, November 3; Chair: Celebrating Chemistry and Art, November 4 and November 6 Timothy B. Frigo Advanced Magnetics, Inc. 61 Mooney St., Cambridge, MA 02138 Book Review ______8 617-497-2070x3007; [email protected] “Instruments and Experimentation in the History of Chemistry,” by Frederic L. Chair-Elect: Holmes and Trevor H. Levere, eds.., Reviewed by Arthur Greenberg Morton Z. Hoffman Chemistry Department, Boston University Boston, MA 02215-2507; 617-353-2494 Meeting Report ______9 [email protected] “Post-Bologna Chemical Education in Europe,” by Terence N. Mitchell, from the Immediate Past Chair: May 3, 2001 Symposium on Chemical Education in the US and Germany Doris Lewis Chemistry Dept., Suffolk University Pharmaceutical Industry in India ______12 41 Temple St., Boston, MA 02114 617-573-8546; [email protected] “Promise and Potential of the Pharmaceutical Sector in India: Opportunities Secretary: and Challenges for Strategic Collaboration,” by Mukund S. Chorghade, Veena Michael Singer M. Chorghade and Mukund K. Gurjar Sigma RBI 1 Strathmore Rd. Natick, MA 01760-2447 NESACS Board of Directors Report and ACS News ______17, 18 781-994-0523; fax:781-994-0677 Report of the May 10, 2001 Board of Directors Meeting; Report and a letter [email protected] by Past-Pres. Daryle H. Busch on chemical information and the government Treasurer: James Piper Historical Notes ______19 Simmons College, 300 The Fenway Boston, MA 02115, 617-521-2722 Biographies of recently deceased chemists and chemical engineers, by Edward Auditor: R. Atkinson, Amherst, Mass. Anthony Rosner Cover: Dr. Dennis G. Peters, James Flack Norris Awardee (Indiana Univ. Ric Archivist: Myron Simon Cradick) 20 Somerset Rd. January 2002 issue: November 15, 2001 Newton, MA 02465; 617-332-5273 Deadlines: [email protected] February 2002 issue: December 14, 2001 Trustees: Esther A.H. Hopkins, Michael E. Strem, Joseph A. Lima Councilors: Alternate Councilors: Term ends 12/31/2001 Term ends 12/31/2001 Thomas R. Gilbert Michael P. Filosa The Nucleus is distributed to the members of the Northeastern Section of the American Chemical Michael J. Hearn Morton Z. Hoffman Society, to the secretaries of the Local Sections, and to editors of all local A.C.S. Section publications. Arlene Wick Light Donald O. Rickter Forms close for advertising on the 1st of the month of the preceding issue. Text must be received by the Michael Singer Sophia R. Su editor six weeks before the date of issue. Term Ends 12/31/2002 Term ends 12/31/2002 Editor: Arno Heyn, 21 Alexander Rd., Newton, MA 02461, Mary T. Burgess Michael J. Dube Michaeline F. Chen Jean Fuller-Stanley Tel: 617-969-5712, FAX: 617-527-2032; e-mail:[email protected] Doris I. Lewis Patrick M. Gordon Associate Editor: Myron S. Simon, 20 Somerset Rd., W. Newton, MA 02465, Tel: 617-332-5273 Julia H. Miwa John L. Neumeyer Board of Publications: Marietta H. Schwartz (Chair), Patrick M. Gordon, Frank R. Gorga, E. Joseph Term Ends 12/31/2003 Term ends 12/31/2003 Billo (Consultant) Catherine E. Costello Arno H.A. Heyn Business Manager: Karen Piper, 19 Mill Rd., Harvard, MA 01451, William Klemperer Wallace J. Gleekman Tel: 978-456-8622 Truman Light(to12/31/01)Alfred Viola Dororthy J. Phillips Derk A. Wierda Advertising Manager: Vincent J. Gale, P.O. Box 1150, Marshfield, MA 02050, Tel: 781-837-0424; FAX: 781-837-8792 All Chairs of standing Contributing Editors: Mukund Chorghade, Patricia Hamm, Features; Edward Atkinson, History of Committees, the editor Chemistry; Maryann Solstad, Health; Dennis Sardella, Book Reviews; Marietta H. of THE NUCLEUS, and Schwartz, Software Reviews; E. Joseph Billo, Puzzles. the Trustees of Section Calendar Coordinator: Donald O. Rickter, e-mail: [email protected] Funds are members of the Proofreaders: E. Joseph Billo, Donald O. Rickter, M.S. Simon Board of Directors. Any Webpage: Webmaster: Frank R. Gorga, [email protected] Councilor of the American Chemical Society Asst. Webmasters:Terry Brush, [email protected] residing within the section area is an ex officio Kurt Heinselman, [email protected] member of the Board of Directors. Copyright 2001, Northeastern Section of the American Chemical Society, Inc. The Nucleus November 2001 3 resulted in his death on August 3. He is James Flack buried in Mt. Auburn cemetery. Corporate Patrons Continued from page 2 Alfa Aesar, a Johnson Matthey Com- to become Professor of General Chem- The James Flack Norris Award pany Hoechst Marion Roussel Co. istry. In 1917, on a leave of absence for Outstanding Achievement from M.I.T., he engaged in war work Pharm-Eco Laboratories, Inc. at the Bureau of Mines, and in 1918 he in the Teaching of Chemistry Physical Sciences, Inc. was appointed Lt. Colonel in the In 1948 the Northeastern Section was a Polaroid Corporation Chemical Warfare Service of the U.S. beneficiary of the estate of Anne C. Strem Chemicals, Inc. Army, headquartered in London. After Norris, the widow of James Flack Nor- Corporate Sponsors the war he returned to M.I.T., where he ris, with an outright gift of $10,000 Aerodyne Research, Inc. continued his productive career umtil and the sharing of the residue of her AstraZeneca R&D his death in 1940. estate in equal parts with M.I.T. “…to Borregaard Synthesis, Inc. He had many graduate students perpetuate the memory of my said hus- Bristol-Myers Squibb from all over the world. His happy dis- band James F. Norris.” Cambridge Isotope Labs position gave him the nickname A committee was set up to explore Consulting Resources Corporation “Sunny Jim.” how best to use the money, with Gus- Dike, Bronstein, Roberts & He also was very active in the tavus J. Esselen as one of the prime Cushman, LLP American Chemical Society: He movers. The decision was announced Houghton Chemical Corp. chaired the Northeastern Section in in January, 1950 that the James Flack JEOL, USA, Inc. 1904, in 1925 he was elected Presi- Norris Award shall be made for out- MassTrace, Inc. dent of the ACS and was a Director standing achievement in the teaching until 1934. He also served as Vice of chemistry, particularly when New England Biolabs President of the International Union of demonstrated at college or secondary Organix, Inc. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 1925- school levels rather than shown in Pfizer, Inc. 1928, and in 1924 he became chairman research. This approach to memori- Research Biochemicals Int’l of the Section on Chemistry and Tech- alize Norris recognized the emphasis Zymark Corporation nology of the National Research Coun- he placed on teaching, and the Com- cil in Washington, D.C. mittee’s feeling that another award for He was a special lecturer in outstanding research would be lost in Directions organic chemistry at Harvard, 1912- the crowd. Holiday Inn, Newton 1913, where Louis P. Hammet, later The early recipients were chosen 399 Grove Street known as the founder of physical by a secret committee. In 1954 the A. From I-95/128 Southbound organic chemistry in America was one Norris Award Committee was estab- Take Exit 21B/22 keeping sharp of his students. Norris also lectured at lished as one of the elected committees right (“MBTA”) into Grove St. Clark University and at Bowdoin Col- of the Section. After crossing over Rte. 95/128, lege, Maine. The first presentation was made in The Holiday Inn is the first building He loved to spend summers in a May, 1951 at the Harvard Club to on the left. summer home he had built in western George Shannon Forbes, an old friend Enter and go around the building to Maine where he found the leisure to of Norris, an outstanding teacher at the rear for parking. An elevator to study and write his books in the morn- both Harvard and, in retirement, at the lobby serves all levels. ing. Northeastern University. Since then the B. From I-95/128 Northbound Dr. and Mrs. Norris had an active award has been made annually to out- Take Exit 22 to Grove St. The Holi- interest in art. standing teachers at all levels. day Inn is immediately on the left. He received many honors and Since then the income from the Proceed as in A awards both for his teaching and for bequest has increased sufficiently to C. From the Mass. Turnpike research. sponsor a second award, the James Exit to Rte. I-95/128 Southbound. In the summer of 1940 he encoun- Flack Norris Award for Physical Proceed as in A. tered multiple health problems which Organic Chemistry, which is adminis- D. By MBTA tered by the American Chemical Soci- Take the Riverside Green Line ety and also is given annually. (“D”) to the end. Exit the station The above has been abstracted from and parking lot to Grove Street (on accounts written by the late Avery A. your left). Turn right into Grove St. Ashdown and by Myron Simon, and walk to the Holiday Inn, imme- Archivist. diately adjacent to the MBTA park- ing lot. (total 900-1000 feet).
4 The Nucleus November 2001 Abstract Monthly Meeting Receiving the James Flack Norris James Flack Norris Award Meeting Award provides a wonderful opportu- The 828th Meeting of the Northeastern Section of the American nity to reflect on lessons learned over the last 40 years from mentors, col- Chemical Society leagues, and students about how to be Thursday, November 8, 2001 a more effective teacher in the class- Holiday Inn, 399 Grove St., Newton, MA Riverside Room room and laboratory. This talk will 5:30 pm Social Hour; a table of Career Services Literature and Aids will be focus, with the aid of anecdotes and available personal observations, on a number of issues related to teaching: 6:30 pm Dinner Why are the first lectures of a semester 7:45 pm Award Meeting, Dr. T. Frigo, Chair, presiding so important? James Flack Norris, Edward R. Atkinson Introduction of the Awardee, Dr. John M. Hayes, Oceanographic Can one actually relate to several hun- Institute, Woods Hole, Mass. dred students in a big classroom? Presentation of the Award to What can a teacher do to encourage Dr. Dennis G. Peters, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN students to be more active in their own Award Address: Toward Better Teaching education? Dinner reservations should be made no later than noon, November 1. Please call Why is preparing a lecture, even one or fax Marilou Cashman at (800) 872-2054 or e-mail at [email protected]. about familiar and simple material, so Specify chicken, fish, or vegetarian meal. Reservations not cancelled at least crucial? 24 hours in advance must be paid. Members, $28.00; Non-members, $32.00; Retirees, $18.00; Students, $ 10.00. How can a teacher effectively combine pedagogy and showmanship? THE PUBLIC IS INVITED. Anyone who needs special services or transportation, please call Marilou What are the roles of computers and Cashman a few days in advance so that suitable arrangements can be made. lecture demonstrations in teaching? Free Parking at the Inn. Proceed to the back for parking. Take elevator to the How can a teacher’s own experiences lobby. be shared with others to improve the Next Meeting: December 13, 2001. Joint meeting with the Medicinal Chemistry educational enterprise? Group at the MIT Faculty Club, 50 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA. Sympo- sium on Approaches to the Treatment of Lyosomal Storage Diseases. 3:30 After- majors program at Indiana, which has noon symposium, 6:00 Social mixer and dinner; 8:00 Evening Meeting become one of the top three producers of chemistry majors in the nation. He Professor Peters’ research area is designed his department’s cooperative organic electrochemistry, especially college-industry program for under- Biography electroorganic synthesis. He works graduates. Throughout his teaching Dennis G. Peters is Herman T. Briscoe with graduate, undergraduate, and high career he has developed curricula in Professor of Chemistry at Indiana Uni- school students. He is a strong advo- analytical chemistry and introductory versity, where he has been on the fac- cate for research by undergraduates: courses for both majors and non- ulty since 1962. He is a native of Los half of his undergraduate research stu- majors. Angeles and earned a bachelor’s dents have gone on to graduate school, He is the author of five widely- degree from the California Institute of and many are co-authors of his group’s used textbooks of analytical chemistry. Technology in 1958 and the Ph. D. publications. Half of his doctoral stu- He has supported high school educa- from Harvard University in 1962. An dents have followed him into college tion in chemistry and continues to do analytical chemist, whose research or university teaching. so: by mentoring high school research focuses on electrochemistry, he has He is described as an authentic students, by advising students in received numerous awards for excel- scientist-professor, in complete com- the MAT program, and by co-founding lent teaching, both graduate and under- mand of his subject. the Indiana Alliance of Chemistry graduate, from Indiana University, the Year after year, his courses in Teachers. CMA National Catalyst Award in 1988 introductory and analytical chemistry His service to the chemical com- and the ACS Analytical Chemistry are sought after and crowded. He is munity includes ACS activities: Chair- Division award for excellent teaching responsible for developing and direct- man and Treasurer of the Southern in 1990. ing the undergraduate chemistry continued on page 6
The Nucleus November 2001 5 Puzzle Call For Applications Column YCC/NESACSÐJCF/GDCh Initiative to Germany The Mensa Mind Challenge: Part II March 10Ð16, 2002 This puzzle appeared in American Way, the American Airlines in-flight magazine. The Younger Chemists Committee in extensive networking with the Ger- Reprinted with permission of American (YCC) of the Northeastern Section and man students. Each U.S. student rep- Mensa Limited, 1229 Corporate Drive West, the NESACS Education Committee resentative is expected to make a Arlington, TX 76006; invite applications from undergraduate poster presentation at the student www.us.mensa.org. and graduate students of chemistry, research conference. Travel expenses Source: Abbie F. Salny, Ed. D., Mensa’s biochemistry, and chemical engineer- will be provided by NESACS; supervisory psychologist ing at colleges and universities within expenses in Germany by GDCh. 1.Jerry went out to the hardware store to the Section to spend a week in Ger- buy some needed supplies. He spent Application forms will be avail- half of what he had plus $2 in the first many as the guests of the Jungchemik- able from department chairs and on the store; half of what he had left plus $1 in erforum (JCF) of the Gesellschaft YCC
6 The Nucleus November 2001 National Chemistry Week Tenth Annual ACS Northeast Regional Celebrating Chemistry and Art Undergraduate Day Sunday, Nov. 4, 2001 Saturday, November 3, 2001 10 am-5 pm Museum of Science Numerous demonstra- Hosted by the Department of Chemistry, Boston Univer- tions, presentations, and displays on chemistry and art sity, and Chemia. Sponsored by NESACS 11:00am Prof. Bassam Shakhashiri, University of Wiscon- 9:00 Registration (Metcalf Science Center, 590 Com- sin: Phyllis A. Brauner Memorial Lecture: monwealth Avenue, Boston) Picasso, daVinci, Shakhashiri! Artistry and Chem- istry 9:30 Welcoming Remarks: Professor John Snyder, Assoc. Chair, Chemistry Dept., Boston University 3:00 pm Repeat of 11:00 am lecture by Prof. Shakhashiri also live on WWW.mos.org “What’s Happening” Dr. Timothy Frigo, Chair, Northeastern Section Cassie Mapolski, President, Chemia (ACS Student 4:30 pm Reception for family and friends of Phyllis A. Affiliates Chapter at B.U.) Brauner in the Skyline Room. If you plan to attend, R.S.V.P. by calling 1-800-872-2054 9:45 Keynote Address: Professor Bassam Shakhashiri, Paid parking at the Museum University of Wisconsin: The Joy of Learning 10:30 Coffee break Tuesday, Nov. 6, 2001 10:45 Technical Talk and Seminar (choose one) Half-day symposium on Chemistry and Art from 4 to 9 pm Professor Anne Gershenson, Brandeis University: at the Forsyth Institute, 140 The Fenway (next to the Beyond the Average: Watching Single Biomole- Boston Museum of Fine Arts). Parking adjacent to the Insti- cules tute. Dr. Patricia Hamm, The EdY Group: Planning 4:00 pm Welcome and Introduction by Dr. Dominick for a Career in Industry DePaola, President, Forsyth Institute and Prof. Michael Henchman, Brandeis University 11:30 Workshop and Seminar (choose one) Professor James Golen, University of Massachu- 4:10 pm Dr. Orrie Friedman, Brandeis University settsÐ Dartmouth: Hands-on Chemistry with Reflections of an Artist/Chemist Children Workshop 4:30 pm Prof. Michael Henchman, Brandeis University Professor Warren Giering, Boston University: The Science Behind Art Choosing a Graduate School 5:00 pm Prof. Richard Laursen, Boston University 12:00 Résumé Review, Graduate School/Industry Fair Application of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spec- Dr. Frank Wagner, Strem Chemicals: Preparing trometry to the Analysis of Paint Media Your Résumé 5:30 pm Dr. Janet Schrenk, MIT The Royal Art of Benin Graduate School /Industry Fair (12Ð1:30 pm) Kingdom: What Science Can Tell Us 12:30 Lunch 6:00 pm Refreshments and Ask the Speakers 1:30 Technical Talk and Seminar (choose one) 6:20 pm Dr. Shelby Kashket, Forsyth Institute Introduction Professor Scott Schaus, Boston University: 6:30 pm Prof. Margaret Merritt, Wellesley College Chemical Genetics: An Approach to Studying Blue Eyes of Africa: Identification of Blue Pig- Gene Product Function ments in Painted Yoruba Wood Sculptures Dr. Greg Roth, BoehringerÐIngelheim: What to 7:00 pm Michael Douma of Michael Douma Productions Expect When Interviewing in the Pharmaceutical How a Scientist Investigates if a Painting is Industry Authentic 2:15 Student Affiliates Workshop 7:30 pm Dr. Francesca Bewer, Straus Center for Professor Morton Hoffman, Boston University: Conservation at Harvard University: Technical Reviving a ShallowÐ Breathing Student Affiliates Research and the Care of Works of Art at the Fogg Chapter Museum (1900-1950) 3:00 Adjournment 8:00 pm Dr. Richard Newman, Boston Museum of Fine There will be a $5 registration fee to partially cover the Arts: The Real and Unreal: Science as an Aid to cost of lunch and workshop materials. Authenticating Three-Dimensional Works of Art For information, or if your school or company would like 8:30 pm Ask the Speaker. to send a representative to the Graduate School and Indus- The Forsyth Institute, is an ideal location for this try Fair, please contact Kevin Burgoyne at (617)353Ð2503; symposium. fax: (617)353Ð6466; internet: [email protected]). For information: NESACS Website: www.nesacs.org The Public is Invited The Nucleus November 2001 7 alchemists may have been more sophisticated than is generally Book Review assumed. Instruments and Experimentation in the History of Chemistry. Lawrence M. Principe (in “Appa- Edited by Frederic L. Holmes and Trevor H. Levere. xxii + 415 pp. The MIT ratus and Reproducibility in Press, 2000. $50. Alchemy”), arguing against Jungians who attribute alchemical imagery to Reviewed by Arthur Greenberg, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, psychic states, makes a case for precise University of New Hampshire, Durham. chemical apparatus as an indicator of Reprinted by permission from American Scientist, 2001, 89(July-August), 372-74 the reproducibility desired by Humphrey Davy held the early also introduce each section with a brief chrysopoeians (alchemists devoted to “world’s record” for discovering chem- explanatory essay. The chapters, 20 to making gold). Evidence includes a dis- ical elements Ð six. In Elements of 40 pages in length, are uniformly well cussion of the symbols in the keys of Chemical Philosophy, he modestly written and well edited, and most are Basil Valentine, presumably readily attributed his success to the voltaic well illustrated. They are written both decipherable by any true adept. One pile-a new instrument in the chemist’s for chemical historians and for a more very interesting feature of this chapter armamentarium Ð rather than to his general readership, since unfamiliar is Principe’s experimental recreation of own acumen, stating that “The active terms are defined, and often the work- a “Philosopher’s tree” inside a glass intellectual powers of man in different ings of unfamiliar apparatus are flask. times are not so much the cause of the explained. Each chapter ends with an In “Slippery Substances,” Maurice different successes of their labours, as extremely useful summary. Crosland neatly explains how and why the peculiar nature of the means and The first chapter (“The Archaeol- chemists were so unconcerned with artificial resources in their posses- ogy of Chemistry”), by Robert G.W. gases until the work of Stephen Hales sions.” Anderson, summarizes the discoveries and thoroughly depicts the evolution of Histories of chemistry usually of fragments of ancient chemical glass- studies of gases through the 18th cen- trace the evolution of great ideas or the ware from Egypt, Arab lands, India, tury. interplay between great scientists. The early Europe and Renaissance Europe. Trevor H. Levere (in “Measuring essays in this collection examine the Four important early books are scruti- Gases and Measuring Goodness”) evolution of the field through its appa- nized for details of Renaissance chemi- treats the long-forgotten eudiometer, ratus. This presents an interesting chal- cal practices. It is both humbling and initially developed by Joseph Priestley lenge since, unlike the attractive and reassuring to note the relative “stabil- as a volumetric instrument for measur- robust microscopes, telescopes and ity” of chemical glassware and “conti- ing the purity of “dephlogisticated air” astrolabes of earlier centuries, chemi- nuity” of change through the ages. as well as the “goodness of air” cal apparatus was more modest, even However, Anderson cautions us not to through reaction with nitric oxide. This homely, and especially more fragile take these texts at face value, noting instrument quickly evolved to include and, therefore, highly disposable and that much more may eventually be sparking wires and in other ways to disposed of. Its more valuable parts learned from careful study of the make it suitable for testing other (such as metal rings) were stripped and archaeological fragments. gaseous reactions. The illustrations of recycled. Thus, little ancient alchemi- In “Alchemy, Assaying, and gasometers, which fed measured cal glassware exists today; for exam- Experiment,” William R. Newman amounts of gases into reactions, ple, the number of true pelicans makes a case for the very early use of include the elaborate apparatus of (glassware for recycling distillation) the blowpipe for chemical investiga- Antoine Laurent Lavoisier. that have survived is quite small. We tions Ð well before its employment by Lavoisier’s wealth and precision rely on ancient manuscripts containing Johann Kunckel in the 17th century. afforded him a laboratory of unrivaled highly stylized figures and on the texts Quantitative accuracy in alchemical apparatus. Frederic L. Holmes (“The of the 16th and 17th centuries, which investigation, commonly unanticipated, Evolution of Lavoisier’s Chemical were often stylized versions of these is implied by the famous glass-cased Apparatus”) quotes Jan Golinski’s stylized pictures, in some cases proba- balance in Elias Ashmole’s 1652 The- observation that “To Priestley and his bly describing apparatus fabricated atrum Chemicum Britannicum (the followers, expenditure on this scale only in the mind of the author. plate is a virtual copy of the illumina- was not only undesirable but reprehen- Following a helpful introduction tion from Norton’s 15th-century manu- sible, because it foreclosed the possi- by the editors are 14 contributed chap- script Ordinal of Alchemy) [The color bility of Lavoisier’s experiments being ters organized chronologically into illustration could not be reproduced, replicated by others who lacked his three sections: The Practice of ed.]. The glassware in the figure sug- wealth.” A key insight offered to the Alchemy; From Hales to the Chemical gests alchemy, not simply the assaying reader is that most of Lavoisier’s great Revolution; and The Nineteenth and or weighing of gemstones. Thus the works were actually accomplished Early Twentieth Centuries. The editors quantitative analytical work of using relatively simple apparatus, often
8 The Nucleus November 2001 adapted or “jerry-rigged” from earlier permission from “Nachrichten aus der pieces. Chemie” 2001, 49 (Sept.), 1048-1051, Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent Meeting with minor editorial changes. (“The Chemist’s Balance For Fluids”) Europe has an open job market, so that treats hydrometers and their cousins Report obstacles to the free movement of areometers. Thought initially to have Post-Bologna Chemical employees within the European Union great potential as scientific instru- need to be removed. One potential ments, hydrometers were useful for Education in Europe obstacle is the plethora of educational measuring the “goodness” of wine, By Terence N. Mitchell qualifications, with their many titles. among other commercial liquids. Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Dort- Educational systems in the European Jan Golinski (“Fit Instruments”) mund, Dortmund, Germany nations have grown up historically reminds us of the important role Her- with, in many cases, no regard to the man Boerhaave played in transforming From the address at the May 3, 2001 systems in neighboring countries. In the thermometer from an instrument YCC-JCF symposium on chemical edu- fact there are a series of “mini-blocks” used to quantify our senses (a “cool” cation in the United States and Ger- within Europe, often linked to lan- breeze has the same temperature as many, held at Boston University. guage. motionless air) into a scientific instru- The text below has been reprinted with Thus, when European chemists ment both used on its own and incor- look towards the USA they see a uni- porated into more complex apparatus. versity educational system which they In “Platinum and Ground Glass,” with Jacob Berzelius, Friedrich Wöhler think they can easily understand, William A. Smeaton describes Louis and Jean Baptiste Dumas are informa- marked by the degrees of BS, MS and Bernard Guyton de Morveau’s tive and entertaining. Liebig was skep- PhD. exploitation of these innovations in his tical of Dumas’s “French chemistry,” However, when Europeans look at portable laboratory. The agronomist but Dumas ultimately perfected the dif- academic degrees in Europe, they Arthur Young visited Guyton in Dijon ficult analysis of nitrogen. have, with few exceptions, previously in 1789 and found “such a variety and “Chemical Techniques in a Pre- only found these well-known qualifica- extent of apparatus, as I have seen electronic Age,” by Colin A. Russell, tions in the form of BSc, MSc and PhD nowhere else.” This apparatus was the treats the ingenious chemical apparatus in the UK and Ireland. In other Euro- standard for other such chemistry designed by Edward Frankland in the pean countries the titles awarded for “kits” on both sides of the Channel and latter half of the 19th century. Trying to first degrees include Licenciatura, Lau- across the Atlantic during the early 19th trap the radical “ethyl,” Frankland rea, Doctorandus, Ptychio, Candidatus, century. made pyrophoric diethylzinc instead Licencié, Mâitre, Meester and (in Ger- The final section begins with an and ushered in the era of organometal- many) Diplom. insightful essay by Melvyn C. Ussel- lic chemistry. Doctoral programs can be either man (“Multiple Combining Propor- The theme of Seymour H. structured, with a coursework compo- tions”) that analyzes the experimental Mauskopf’s “Bridging Chemistry and nent, or completely unstructured (i.e. work associated with the law of multi- Physics in the Experimental Study of there is only the research component). ple proportions. John Dalton, whose Gunpowder” is the use of physics to So why “post-Bologna”? Cer- experiments verified his theory, did not determine the ballistic force of gun- tainly not because of spaghetti Bolog- provide experimental support as strong powder. nese! Europe has a number of very as that of William Hyde Wollaston, The final chapter, “Laboratory ancient universities, the oldest being who had no theoretical bias. The Practice and the Physical Chemistry’ of the Sorbonne (in Paris) and Bologna. strongest experimental evidence was Michael Polanyi,” by Mary Jo Nye, As a result of a declaration signed by a contributed by Jacques Étienne Bérard, provides a wonderfully focused small number of European ministers of who received the least recognition, description of the Hungarian Jew who education on the occasion of the 800th left the continent in the stormy and because the theory was already gener- anniversary of the foundation of the dangerous aftermath of World War I to ally accepted. Sorbonne, there was a historic meeting make seminal contributions to x-ray In “Organic Analysis in Compara- of ministers from 29 European coun- crystallography in Manchester in the tive Perspective,” Alan J. Rocke pro- tries in Bologna in June 1999, which 1920s. His polymathic interests led vides an excellent description of Justus resulted in the so-called “Bologna Dec- him eventually to exchange the title of Liebig’s development of the Kaliappa- laration”. In this paper the ministers professor of physical chemistry for a rat, which permitted the gravimetric affirmed their will to set up a European chair of “social studies” at Manchester. measurement of carbon dioxide from Education Area, thus adding education This book is a must for all institu- large quantities of organic compounds, to agriculture and partially finance, in tional libraries and for anyone even thus revolutionizing the accuracy of the form of the Euro, areas in which carbon, hydrogen and oxygen analysis. mildly interested in the history of there is a common European policy. His accounts of Liebig’s interactions chemistry. Continued on page 10 The Nucleus November 2001 9 cerned fits into the national system of could also be acquired in non-higher Meeting Report the country awarding it. education contexts, including life- Continued from page 9 ¥ Adoption of a system essentially long learning, provided they are In other words, the will is there to based on two main cycles, under- recognized by receiving Universities harmonize the educational structures in graduate and graduate. Access to concerned. Europe, a process which will be slow the second cycle shall require suc- By no means all European coun- and certainly laborious, but very neces- cessful completion of first cycle stud- tries use credits, and those that do have sary. In May 2001 the ministers will ies, lasting a minimum of three their own national systems. ECTS is a meet again in Prague, the city with the years. The degree awarded after the “common currency”, including a grad- first German-language university in first cycle shall also be relevant to ing system, which was devised to facil- Europe, to review their progress. the European labor market as an itate student mobility and which is now The Declaration, being a political appropriate level of qualification. slowly being incorporated Europe- paper, contains a lot of hot air. But the The second cycle should lead to the wide alongside national systems. It is actual action areas are well worth look- master and/or doctorate degree as in also used in Latin America, and there ing at and commenting on, as they many European countries. is much interest in it throughout the demonstrate some of the fundamental The concepts “undergraduate” and world. differences from the US system. “graduate” are foreign to some Euro- The problem of credits in lifelong ¥ Adoption of a system of easily read- pean university systems, and PhD can- learning (a pet topic of the European able and comparable degree. Also didates may not even be considered as Commission) will be very hard to through the implementation of the students or have a legal status within solve. Diploma Supplement, in order to the university! Since many European ¥ Promotion of mobility by overcom- promote European citizens’ employ- countries have five-year first degrees, ing obstacles to the effective exercise ability and the international compet- they will have to modify their system of free movement with particular itiveness of the European higher considerably to fit in with the Bologna attention to: for students: Access to education system. ideas. study and training opportunities and The meaning of this is clear when ¥ Establishment of a system of credits related services for teachers, we consider the plethora of degrees Ð such as in the European Course researchers and administrative staff: listed above. The Diploma Supplement Credit Transfer System (ECTS) Ð as Recognition and valorisation of peri- is a transcript of record which includes proper means of promoting the most ods spent in a European context information on how the degree con- widespread student mobility. Credits researching, teaching and training, without prejudicing their statutory rights. Mobility is an important topic in Europe, and there are many problems associated with it, though those for the students have in general been solved. ¥ Promotion of European cooperation in quality assurance with a view to develop comparable criteria and methodologies. At present there are either national quality systems in place or in some countries none yet established (in Ger- many the process is just beginning). Naturally, there is a need for a uniform basis for quality control. ¥ Promotion of the necessary Euro- pean dimension in higher education, particularly with regard to curricu- lar development, inter-institutional cooperation, mobility schemes and integrated programs of study, train- ing and research. This last goal is a general political one, probably aimed at the European Commission, who can use it to make
10 The Nucleus November 2001 c) ECTN (the European Chemistry brief: the German professors are Meeting Report Thematic Network) free in designing their lectures and Continued from page 10 While the first two are self- courses so that every lecture is an explanatory, what is ECTN? A series individual “work of art”.” proposals on any aspects they deem of Thematic Networks was set up and Certainly, standards of chemistry useful. funded in 1996 by the European Com- education in Europe are not lower than So this is the general framework mission as part of the SOCRATES/ those in the United States, and it would of the discussion which is taking place ERASMUS program of exchange be good to see a flow of students from within these 29 European countries activities. The Chemistry Network is a the US to Europe comparable with the right now, and several other countries group of over 100 chemistry depart- flow towards the US which we all have made it clear that they also want ments (as representatives of their uni- know. What features of chemical edu- to act in a pro-Bologna manner, what- versities) from all the member states of cation in Europe could be particularly ever that turns out to mean. the European Union, and also Norway, interesting: Now we have to look at where Iceland, Bulgaria, Poland, Romania, chemistry fits into all this. In very ¥ in many countries there are no Hungary, Cyprus, Lithuania, Latvia, many countries in Europe, as in the admission or tuition fees the Czech Republic and Slovenia. US, we have a “numbers problem”, as ECTN is now in the process of turning ¥ there are structured doctoral pro- our young people no longer want to itself into an Association and can be grams which only require 3 years of study our subject. There are, however, reached via the Internet under study exceptions, such as Poland and Spain. www.cpe.fr/ectn. ¥ many well-equipped laboratories Thus we are spurred into reform dis- During its first 3 years of exis- with state-of-the-art instrumentation cussions not only by—in some cases tence, ECTN surveyed “Core Chem- can be found intense—political pressure, but also istry”, i.e. the content of a chemistry because we are looking for models There are many new initiatives first degree course which can be which will hopefully lure more stu- designed to attract students from out- expected to be covered by all chem- dents into chemistry. side Europe and to increase intra-Euro- istry students independent of their But which way are these reform pean mobility still further. Here we degree of later specialization. discussions going? In the UK there is a will only mention three which are On the basis of this survey com- strong tendency at present to try to presently getting under way in Ger- puter-based tests were devised to deter- replace the 3-year BSc (4 in Scotland) many: mine whether students were actually as a standard first degree by the ¥ Max Planck International Research coming up to the standard expected of MChem or MSci, degrees which Schools in cooperation with univer- them. These tests are available in many require 4 (or 5) years of study. At the sities European languages and will hopefully same time mainland Europe, which is be made available as a testing tool ¥ Doctoral Programs (PHD) supported characterized by first degrees which throughout Europe in the near future. by the German Academic Exchange generally take 5 years, though in some Since the European educational Service, DAAD, and the German cases only 4, is clearly moving towards systems are so diverse, the American Research Council, DFG a “3/5/8” structure with the introduc- observer may well wonder whether ¥ Interdisciplinary Graduate Schools tion of Bachelor degrees after 3 years, there are fundamental differences in set up and financed by Federal States Master’s degrees after a further 2, and the way chemistry is taught in Euro- defining the PhD as a 3-year course of In other European countries there will pean countries. Studies carried out by study. In this ongoing discussion be comparable initiatives. ECTN have shown that there are per- chemistry is not going to be an excep- Thus the conclusion of this brief haps not “fundamental” differences but tion. survey must be that certainly considerable differences. But we are so far missing the ¥ European chemistry education is Thus the proportion of study hours st “European dimension” in these discus- getting its act together for the 21 spent on practical work will vary sions, as we are still arguing on the century greatly throughout Europe, with Ger- basis of our historically built-up All we need to do now, is motivate our many and Austria probably at the top national systems. We can ask ourselves young people to study our subject! of the list. the question as to which organisations Curricula may be very detailed represent university chemical educa- (for example in Italy, where compul- tion in Europe. There are three answers sory courses were previously defined to this question: by national laws) or very brief; such as a) The national Chemical Societies a statement made by a German col- b) FECS (the Federation of European league: Chemical Societies) ¥ “The written curriculum is relatively
The Nucleus November 2001 11 Pharmaceutical Industry in India Promise and Potential of the Pharmaceutical Sector in India: Opportunities and Challenges for Strategic Collaboration By Mukund S. Chorghade, Veena M. Chorghade, Natick, MA 01760-4205 and Mukund K. Gurjar, Pune-411008, India
Background: The country was ruled for nearly a pool is the second largest in the world; The home of one of the world’s oldest millennium by a disparate succession many of the country’s technocrats, sci- civilizations and several of the greatest of local and colonial rulers; the econ- entists, and engineers have been religions, India arouses a mixture of omy was largely feudal and agrarian. trained in the finest laboratories of amazement, awe and fascination The growth of science and technology Europe and the USA. Several among many foreigners. It occupies in India in the post-independence researchers have won international the seventh largest land mass in the (1947-) era has been impressive. The awards and have published and lec- world; nearly a billion people living in country now possesses a well- devel- tured abroad. Chemical research has its boundaries make it the second most oped Western style legal/administrative increased in breadth, sophistication, populous country. India is a melting structure, a proficient and competent and finesse. Modern instrumentation is pot of a myriad of races, languages and civil service bureaucracy and consider- readily available; numerous laborato- religions; has the most striking dispari- able support and enthusiasm among ries, pilot plants, and manufacturing ties in wealth and poverty; and oper- the populace for betterment of life facilities conforming to stringent speci- ates with primitive as well as through science. The academic and fications of GLP and cGMP have been sophisticated technologies. These publicly funded institutions have pro- established. These facilities have dichotomies in the world’s largest vided a steady stream of multi-lingual, received regulatory approvals from democracy have lent an exotic flavor to mainly English speaking, educated Continued on page 13 India. manpower. The scientific manpower
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12 The Nucleus November 2001 America; exports to the United States New Drugs Developed Entirely In India and Europe are continually on the rise. India: CSIR plays a lead role Continued from page 12 In the initial years of independ- The Indian pharmaceutical indus- international bodies such as the U.S. ence, the industry was monopolized by try is in its infancy regarding the devel- FDA, MCA-UK, TGA-Australia, a few multinationals. A decade later, opment of internationally patentable MCC-South Africa and the WHO. the industry showed signs of doing New Chemical Entities. However, this Total Quality Management programs away with multinational dominance area is receiving increased attention at are in place in the leading profession- with the emergence of Indian compa- the highest levels of the government ally managed institutions, with note- nies with capacity for production of and industry. With the new IPR regime worthy improvements in product formulations based on imported bulk being implemented in 2005, all major quality and reliability. The industrial drugs. The seventies saw the emer- pharmaceutical companies in India are base is therefore strong and technolog- gence of bulk drugs manufacturing experiencing a paradigm shift and are ically sophisticated. Infrastructure based on imported as well as indige- consolidating their efforts directed at problems in roadways, transport and nous technologies. In the eighties, the creating new molecules and processes communications are being targeted for Indian R&D contributions became sig- to retain competitiveness in the mar- solution and increased foreign invest- nificant and imports of bulk drug tech- ketplace. Direct foreign investments ment. nologies reduced drastically. The worth 7-8 billion dollars have been The Indian Government’s eco- industry today is manufacturing practi- forecast for the next three years due to nomic liberalization program, cally the entire range of therapeutic the perception of investor friendliness. announced by the then Prime Minister groups; is nearly self-sufficient in raw Indian pharmaceutical industries are Narasimha Rao has resulted in aban- materials for production from basic presently investing 3-4 % of their donment of the stifling protectionism stage of a wide range of bulk drugs and turnover a small percentage in compar- of “Faubian and Nehruvian socialism.” formulations, and its level of operation ison to the current world average of Trade barriers have been lowered, is on par with international standards 18-20 %. taxes cut, and bottlenecks for foreign in production, technology and quality. Numerous discovery research investment have been removed. The India now produces 80% of the bulk activities have begun. Dr. Reddy’s Government of India has announced a drugs and nearly 100% of formulations Laboratories and Ranbaxy are leading relaxation of drug price controls and available worldwide. the pack, have filed international the provision of fiscal incentives to patents and may become the first to promote collaboration with the West- Continued on page 14 ern World. New and comprehensive industrial policies have been formu- lated; foreign equity participation of 51% and above is now permissible. US investment in India is in the bil- lions by 2000, up from less than $ 20 million in 1990. These facts allied with tremendous market opportunities in a vibrant, growing middle class domi- nated consumer economy are expected Chemo Dynamics LP to interest Western, Indian and Oriental companies. 1/3 page Ad Appears here The Pharmaceutical Sector in India: India is emerging as one of the largest and cheapest producers of ther- Ad # CHEM 681N apeutics in the world, accounting in volume for nearly 8.5% of the world’s drug requirements. The Indian pharma- Strip Neg Supplied ceutical sector has achieved global recognition as a low cost producer of bulk chemicals and formulation prod- ucts. Leading Indian pharmaceutical companies have significant interna- tional marketing presence in nearly sixty countries in Asia, the Middle- East, Eastern Europe, Africa, and South
The Nucleus November 2001 13 Mashelkar enunciated a new vision for The Department of Science and India the CSIR and formulated plans for Technology (DST), Government of Continued from page 13 what the organization should be in the India, in collaboration with CSIR has discover new drug molecules with year 2001. These include goals for launched a new program and strategic global potential. Other renowned com- providing a global R & D platform initiatives to encourage Indian Indus- panies such as Cadila Healthcare, providing competitive R & D and high tries into undertaking new drug devel- Glenmark, Lupin, Nicholas Piramal quality science based technical serv- opment in the country and establishing Healthcare, Wockhardt, Zydus Cadila ices; developing competitive technolo- state of art infrastructure for clinical have announced ambitious plans to be gies in pharmaceuticals, agricultural and toxicology testing and screening. in the forefront of research; building of products, catalysis and high polymers Recently the Govt. has sanctioned a multi-million dollar fund for this facilities and recruitment of personnel etc. Some of the most prestigious national laboratories, viz. National purpose; the amount is likely to has been initiated. Indian companies Chemical Laboratory in Pune, Indian increase every year and will also be have started soliciting strategic partner- Institute of Chemical Technology in supplemented by funds from the pri- ships with Western companies to accel- Hyderabad, Indian Institute of Chemi- vate sector. erate the introduction of new cal Biology, Calcutta, Central Drug molecules for emerging markets, as Process Research and Manufactur- and Toxicology Institutes in Lucknow, well as selected global niche positions. ing at Indian Companies will be upgraded to international stan- To cite a few examples: Ranbaxy has Stiff competition posed by the dards and be made fully compliant filed INDs for benign prostatic hyper- emergence of large numbers of manu- with cGMP/GLP/GCP regulations; plasia and anti-inflammation. Dr facturers with process development they will also be ISO 9000 certified. skills led to the development of effi- Reddy’s Research Laboratories suc- The R&D thrust, in the chemical / cessfully out- licensed two anti-dia- cient technology and the nurturing of a pharmaceutical sector is focused on highly skilled but low cost work force. betic compounds to the Danish development of new drugs, innovative/ multinational company Novo Nordisk. Research personnel costs are much indigenous processes for known drugs lower in India. For research contracts, These compounds are currently under (with special emphasis on drugs for clinical evaluation. The laboratory also it is possible to secure the services of a tropical and other diseases endemic to Ph.D. chemist for $ 50-60000 per year. aims to develop robust compounds for the country) and development of plant cancer and COX 2 inhibition; addition- Pilot plant time is usually accrued at $ based drugs through investigation of 40,000 per week, less than one-third ally, anti cancer compounds are under- leads from the traditional systems of going clinical studies in Europe. the US cost. Collaboration is also ayurvedic medicine. Technologies available for clinical trials, analog Torrent Pharmaceuticals have a com- developed invariably involve indige- pound in cardiovascular therapies. The design and synthesis, process justifica- nous substitutes for expensive tion and validation. Several successful biotech companies are also emerging imported raw materials, innovative as formidable players. Shantha collaborations have been established in modifications to optimization of con- recent years; these are summarized Biotech ‘s DNA hepatitis B vaccine ventional process routes and applica- has captured 46 % of the global market below: tion of novel techniques for product The avenues of cooperation that of approximately US $ 3 billion; co- quality/purity. marketing rights have been negotiated have been exploited by various compa- CSIR’s R&D strengths encompass nies are listed as illustrative examples with Pfizer by Shantha Biotech has world class expertise for organic syn- also developed a monoclonal antibody of the enormous benefits that could thesis and facilities for isolation and accrue worldwide. for lung cancer; clinical trials will be structure elucidation, biological initiated in the near future. screening, toxicological testing and 1) Synthesis of analogs for broad spec- The Council of Scientific and pharmacokinetics supplemented by the trum and high throughput screening Industrial Research is an umbrella expertise for development of agrotech- 2) Lead optimization and analog organization for a network of forty lab- nology for cultivation of medicinal design oratories around the country. This plants for programs on bioactive mole- 3) Combinatorial chemistry and devel- organization is gifted with 10,000 cules from natural product leads. The opment of synthetic methodologies highly trained scientists and has ren- essential complement of expertise of dered yeoman service to the cause of clinical medicine/pharmacology and 4) Route selection, Process Chemistry: scientific research and training in infrastructure facilities for clinical/field preparation of 1-5 Kg. of drug can- India. The titular head is the Prime trials is through the strong institutional didates for pre-clinical and Phase I Minister of India. Administratively Dr. linkages built up with various medical evaluation Raghunath A. Mashelkar, F. R. S., institutes/hospitals, while industry par- 5) Contract manufacturing of sunset Director General (CSIR) and Secretary ticipation in the development ensures molecules at the end of the patent to the Ministry of Science and Tech- successful upscaling and implementa- production period: Several such nology heads the organization. Dr. tion of technology. technologies can be transferred to
14 The Nucleus November 2001 covered and generic products much human, animal or plant life or to health India like US by 2015. and environment. Continued from page 14 India, along with 127 other coun- ¥ mere discovery of a scientific princi- high quality Indian manufacturers tries, is also a signatory to the World ple, formulation of an abstract of a to free capacity constraints at a Trade Organization (WTO) and is scientific principle, formulation of Western company. The FDA obliged to comply with the recommen- an abstract theory or discovery of approved manufacturers can be dations of the Trade Related Intellec- any living or non-living substance used for Phase II and Phase III API tual Property Right (TRIPS) occurring in nature. Agreement and modify the existing manufacture; specific contracts can ¥ mere discovery of any new property Patents Act 1970 by the year 2005. A be entertained for marketing in or new use of a known substance or new Patents (Amendment) Bill 1999 regional markets of mere use of a known process has been tabled in the parliament to machine or apparatus unless such 6) Strategic in-licensing of compounds widen the scope of patentability, say of known process results in a new prod- discovered in India: Several aca- New Chemical Entities, capable of uct or employs at least one new reac- demic groups in India have being used as a drug, medicine or food tant. advanced programs in the areas of that had so far been excluded from the anti-infectives, anti-histamine, CNS 1970 Act. ¥ a substance obtained by mere admix- drugs, cardiovascular natural prod- The GATT regime implications ture resulting in only a aggregation uct based drug discovery etc. Some for the Indian pharmaceutical industry of the properties of the compounds of the compounds are available for are: thereof or a process for producing further exploration and joint devel- 1) Any patent obtained prior to July 1, such substances. opment. Several of the compound 1995 in any World Trade Organiza- ¥ plants and animals other than libraries available from India can be tion (WTO) country will not be microorganisms in whole or any part used in high throughput screening valid in India; only process patents thereof including seeds, varieties and programs. will be honored. Existing Indian species and essentially biological India and International Patent Law: Patent Laws for manufacturing and processes for productions or propa- Two laws with far reaching impli- marketing will cover the patents. gation of plants and animals. cations were enacted in 1970 to allow 2) Drug Patents filed after July 1, 1995 ¥ a mathematical or business method Indian companies to compete globally will not be available to Indian com- or a computer program or algo- despite their limited resources. The panies to manufacture or sell with- rithms. Indian Patent Act eliminated product out license from the inventor, even patent protection and retained only if they are imported. There will be, ¥ inventions related to atomic energy. process patents, and the Foreign thus, little or no protection for B. Patentable Inventions Exchange Regulation Act (FERA) put indigenous industry. ¥ Patent coverage in India is valid for a ceiling of 40% ownership of Indian 3) A molecule patented after July 1, a period of 20 years from the date of businesses by foreign entities. The 1995 if approved for marketing filing as it is for WTO / GATT mem- patent act allowed process patents for 7 prior to January, 2005 in any WTO bers. years for all inventions related to country, a five year market exclusiv- health and food. The act was designed ity period (or until an Indian patent ¥ The term “inventions” in section 2 of to break the monopolies of the multi- is granted or denied, whichever is the Principal Act has been redefined nationals. Former Prime Minister shorter) will be granted to the mar- to mean a new product or process Mrs. Indira Gandhi stated, “ There keting company in India. The prod- involving an inventive step and capa- should be no patenting of Life and uct will still have to be approved for ble of industrial application. Death”. The act led to self- sufficiency its safety and efficacy by the Drug ¥ The scope of section 5 of the 1970 and self-reliance in basic drug manu- Controller of India. Act has been widened to embrace facture and formulations. A close look at the amendments biochemical, biotechnological and In 1995, India became a GATT proposed in the new bill on sections microbial processes in addition to signatory and made a commitment to 2,3,4 and 5 of the 1970 Act on chemical process for manufacture of the WTO accords. The treaty is await- patentable inventions would reveal the a product. ing ratification by the Indian parlia- following: ¥ Pharmaceutical products arising out ment. Beginning on January 1, 2005, of the above processes would also be India will enforce all international A. Non-Patentable Inventions patentable after January 01, 2005. product patent laws, including pharma- an invention, which is frivolous and ceuticals, according to the GATT claims anything contrary to well-estab- ¥ Microorganisms per se have been agreement. Indian predominance in lished natural laws or whose use is excluded from the list of non- branded generics will gradually change contrary to law or morality of the Continued on page 16 to a healthy combination of newly dis- country and causes serious prejudice to The Nucleus November 2001 15 continued patenting of traditional ¥ University of Pune: India Indian herbal remedies, natural prod- Continued from page 15 ucts obtained from indigenous flora Industrial Organizations: ¥ Cipla, Mumbai: Technological patentable inventions as per section and fauna and even the culinary expertise spans the full spectrum of 3 sub clause(j). delights of India by Western compa- nies. product development, from new If the company applies for a PCT Changes in Patents Act would molecules to modern drug delivery status and chooses India as one of the have a significant impact on the systems. countries to be covered, there will be research activity carried out in the automatic patent coverage. India ¥ Lupin Laboratories, Mumbai: This country. A new paradigm is envisaged became a member of PCT on 12.98 company, headquartered in Mumbai, which would force the industry to and any application to PCT after this has superb facilities in Bhopal, reorient its research culture. This date which mentions India as a desig- Ankleshwar, and in Thailand. They should lead to the advancement of sci- nated country will be honored in India. are FDA and EPA approved for the ence and technology and betterment of All patent applications either direct or manufacture of corticosteroids, anti- the nation. through the PCT route go into a ‘Mail infectives, anti-tuberculosis drugs Box’. Process claims can be granted Selected Key Institutions (Academic ¥ Ranbaxy Laboratories, New Delhi: immediately but product claim will be And Industrial) For Discovery And Ranbaxy is considered to be a great granted only in 2005. Process Research: success story and is the top pharma- Indian violations of product ¥ AVRA Laboratories, Hyderabad: ceutical company in India; it has patents have habitually led to denunci- ¥ Department of Chemical Technol- strengths in new molecule discovery, ations of “intellectual piracy “ by the ogy, University of Bombay: process development, and bulk drug developed nations. Care must however manufacture. It has a major pres- be exercised in levying such charges as ¥ Indian Institute of Chemical Tech- ence in the international generic they could lead to retaliatory charges nology, Hyderabad: drug market of “biopiracy” against Western phar- ¥ National Chemical Laboratory, ¥ Dr. Reddy’s Group (DRG) has maceutical companies. Indian sensitiv- Pune: grown into a fully integrated com- ities have been aroused to the ¥ University of Delhi: pany with significant expertise in the
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16 The Nucleus November 2001 2001 report which was ACCEPTED. India Trustees: M. Strem stated that the Continued from page 16 Board of Trustees will have a meeting with the development and manufacture of financial advisor later in May. organic intermediates, bulk actives Directors Standing Committees: and finished dosage forms. Notes of Meeting of May 10, Bd. Of Publications: P. Gordon ¥ RPG Life Sciences, Mumbai: The 2001 reported that revenue is ahead of the budget. A reader survey is being company has progressed from being NOTE: Board Meetings are held on the a small pharmaceutical unit to a planned for the NUCLEUS for Octo- monthly meeting day at 4:30 p.m. Sec- ber. Board member volunteers are multi-product, multi-location diver- tion members are invited to attend. sified company with plants in Thane requested to assist with the telephone and Ankleshwar. Officers’ Reports: survey. The Web Page updates are Chair: The Esselen Award Meeting overdue. There was a discussion about ¥ Syngene International Pvt. Ltd is a was very successful and the Esselen oversight of the webpage, which is contract research organization and Family was very pleased with the under the aegis of the Board of Publi- export- oriented unit. arrangements. The Medicinal Chem- cations. ¥ Wockhardt, Mumbai: One of the istry Group has planned a joint Meet- Chemistry Education: The Northeast fastest growing pharmaceutical com- ing with the Section for December 6. Student Research program was held panies in India, is on the global map T. Frigo congratulated the YCC and the April 28, with 66 poster presentations. for its product quality and produc- Education Committee for a very suc- The joint program between YCC and tion processes. cessful event held jointly with the the GDCh was very successful. A Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker reciprocal visit of a delegation of YCC Additional Players (GDCh). to Germany is under discussion. M. Other key players in the pharma- Chair-Elect: M. Hoffmann reported Strem commented on the important ceutical sector are Cadila Healthcare, that the September Meeting will be role played by the YCC. M. Hoffman Zydus Cadila, Divi’s Laboratories, held jointly with the Rhode Island Sec- stated that a report of the meeting is Herdillia, Kopran, Kores (India), tion at Bristol Community College being prepared for the J.Chem.Ed. Medicorp Technologies, Morepen Lab- with Dr. Stratt of Brown U. as speaker.. M. Simon MOVED that the Bd. of oratories, Torrent Pharmaceuticals and Treasurer: J. Piper presented the April Continued on page 18 Unichem; research emanating out of CSIR labs such as the Center for Biotechnology (New Delhi), Central Drug Research Institute (Lucknow), the Indian Toxicology Research Center (Lucknow), the Indian Institute of Cell Biology (Calcutta) and the Regional Research Laboratory (Jammu) can also be rewarding. Eastern Scientific
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The Nucleus November 2001 17 Should politicians make such deci- Board of Directors sions? Or scientists? Continued from page 17 ACS News Beyond that, scientific findings Directors express its thanks to the From The Capital Connection, have a history of becoming enmeshed organizing Committee of the joint August, 2001 in partisan politics. In the news media, YCC-GDCh event for making the Congress and state houses across the week of activities such a success. nation, value judgments permeate dis- Daryle H. Busch cussion of scientific findings on evolu- The motion was PASSED. The President-Elect, 1999 Brauner Book Award is to be presented tion, human cloning, embryonic stem President, 2000 cell research, global warming, and starting with 2002. Immediate Past President, 2001 Constitution and Bylaws: C. Costello more. Dare we risk empowering politi- cians to decide whether to include the reported that the Board received a draft July 31, 2001 text of amendments to the Constitution full range of research on contentious and Bylaws of the Section to establish Dear Colleague: issues? a Phyllis A. Brauner Memorial Book I am writing to you on behalf of The private sector is already doing Fund and Award. Action by the Board the Committee on Public Affairs and what the government proposes to do. is requested for the fall. Public Relations to alert you to the ACS, for example, maintains the enclosed policy statement, adopted by world’s largest, most comprehensive Other Committees: the Board of Directors at its June meet- chemical databases and publishes 30 Continuing Education: A. Viola ing. It is a product of the board’s deep journals — activities that provide a stated that the ACS Short Course on concern about the U.S. government’s substantial portion of the income used Dispersions, Emulsions and Foams so role in providing Internet access to sci- by ACS to fund activities that benefit far has received only 7 registrations, entific research. members and advance the chemical but since the course is being given by a To a university professor like me, sciences. Is it right for competition local chemist it will be given. (Actu- the, government’s promise of “free” from our government to place these ally, additional registrants appeared information sounded good when I first activities at risk? when the course was given). Sigma heard about it. But as I learned more, I The enclosed statement articulates RBIA has requested the Short Course came to recognize that this approach principles of utmost importance to Pharmacology for Chemists, guaran- threatens the survival of the American each of us as members of ACS, as teeing five registrants. Since the Chemical Society as we know it, as members of the scientific community, National ACS Meeting will be held in well as the dissemination of scientific and as individual scientists. I encour- Boston in 2002 any additional Short knowledge and our freedom of inquiry age you to share and discuss it with Courses for the Section will not be as scientists - the very goals it purports colleagues and other ACS members. advisable. to further. Summerthing: Only 35 tickets are left Sincerely, Let’s start with “free” information. (signed) for the Red Sox event. In actuality, it wouldn’t be free: it NERM 2001: T. Frigo commented that Daryle H. Busch would be funded by American tax dol- Immediate Past President the NERM event at the UNH will be lars — and therein lies the rub. As sci- largest in terms of technical papers: Chair, Public Affairs and Public Rela- entists, we know how important it is to tions Committee 312 papers have been scheduled. preserve knowledge in perpetuity. We Old Business: None also know that the government appro- Scientific Knowledge into Perpetuity? priations process is notoriously fickle. As scientists and engineers, we New Business: D. Lewis presented a If the surplus vanishes, Congressional value and understand the need for sci- proposal for a Salute to Excellence budget-balancers might propose cut- entific knowledge to be accessible for Commemoration to recognize Carl ting corners on scientific databases. all time. A core mission of nonprofit Selavka who has been an important scientific organizations, such as ACS, force in the movement both for indi- is to advance science and technology. vidual certification for forensic scien- accreditation, hw became Director of One way to accomplish this goal is to tists and for laboratory certification of the Massachusetts State Police Crime disseminate information by providing forensic laboratories. He is currently Laboratory in Sudbury and is responsi- scientists, engineers and other inter- the President of the American Board of ble for the full-service Crime Lab Sys- ested users a wide range of options to Criminalists and their representative to tem and the DNA Databank for the search journals, abstracts, citations, the ASTM. After two years as the Commonwealth. He has received a and patents in their specific disciplines. Director of Forensic Services with the Ph.D. in Forensic Chemistry from Scientific organizations have led the New York Division of Criminal Justice Northeastern University and has effort to ensure that technical informa- Services, where he helped the state’s repeatedly presented talks for tion is broadly available and that state- 25 forensic laboratories to receive NESACS. Continued on page 19
18 The Nucleus November 2001 of publications derived from his work. ACS News He was a 50-year ACS member and a Continued from page 18 Historical member of the Northeastern Section of-the-art technology revolutionizes since retiring in 1980 and moving to the communication of science. Unfor- Notes Meredith, NH. There he was active in tunately, these services may now be at Prepared by Edward R. Atkinson, a local civic organization and enjoyed risk because of efforts like the Depart- Amherst, MA renovating his home that he had shared ment of Energy’s (DOE) Pub- with his wife of 42 years (Jean Flagg). In recent years the majority of these He was a member of several profes- SCIENCE program. Notes have been obituaries of chemists In the past, DOE maintained spe- sional organizations including Omi- and chemical engineers. While we plan cron of Alpha Chi Sigma. He was cialized databases in specific scientific to continue this practice, we again areas. The intended scope of Pub- survived by two daughters and two remind our readers that contributions grandchildren. SCIENCE is significantly different. to this column are welcome. Send 500- PubSCIENCE is a searchable database 1000 words of a story of general his- Harvey Mason Cole, 79, died on that provides hyperlinks to abstracts torical interest to me at 163 Gray St. , April 28, 2000. A native of Wey- and the full text of peer-reviewed sci- Amherst MA 01002. 1 am the sole ref- mouth, MA he received the B.S. in entific journal articles that go beyond eree of such and don’t expect to receive Chemical Engineering from Northeast- DOE’s R&D portfolio. It duplicates contributions that might qualify for ern University then served as an officer pre-existing private and non-profit sec- publication in the elite historical jour- in the Army Air Corps during World tor services. This duplication threatens nals. War II. He was employed until his the existence of private and nonprofit retirement in 1984 by the Cabot Cor- sector services and the ability of scien- E. Robert Coburn, 85, died on June poration in Billerica, MA. He was the tists to access current and previous 3, 2001. He was a native of Suncook, author of several research papers and information at a moment’s notice. NH who attended Exeter Academy and about 11 patents, all in the field of At first glance, the notion of Pub- then received the S.B. (1938), M.S. carbon black and other Cabot products. SCIENCE sounds great-it promises the (1940), and Ph.D. (1941) from Har- He and his wife of 54 years (Evelyn ability to access “free” information. vard University where his research Rowlett) were parents of three sons However, in reality taxpayers are fund- director was Louis Fieser. He joined and a daughter. ing it. Consequently, its funding is at the faculty of Bennington College in Vermont and was for many years the Lester E. Coleman, Jr., 69, died on the mercy of the annual appropriations October 21, 2000 of lung cancer. He process. Departments funded by appro- only chemistry instructor. Some of his students went on to advanced study in was a native of Akron, OH who priations rarely receive consistent received the B.S. in chemistry. from budgets, and when times are lean, pro- science and careers in medicine. While at Bennington he served as a consult- the University of Akron (1952) and the grams are cut unilaterally. Moreover, M.S. (1953) and Ph.D. (1955) from the government sponsorship of such a ant to the Sprague Electric Co. in North Adams, MA and was co-author University of Illinois. In his last year of database could give lawmakers carte retirement in New Hampshire he also blanche to determine which scientific acquired the M. S. in liberal studies findings get published. In addition, the from Dartmouth College. large volume of information generated At its recent meeting, the ACS Board of Directors took a stance After two years service in the each day presents a daunting manage- Army Air Corps he joined the research ment challenge for any single provider. against the expanding governmental efforts to disseminate scientific infor- staff of the Lubrizol Corporation in Delays associated with loading data on 1955 at its home base in Wickliffe, a single-source Web site using out- mation. While I do not often highlight individual statements, this one is worth OH and remained with the company dated technology would slow progress until retirement in 1996. He became in science and technology. bringing to your attention. I also have taken the liberty of including a letter president of the company in 1976, DOE has other Internet-based ini- chief executive officer in 1978, and tiatives, including the DOE Informa- from Dr. Daryle Busch, Immediate Past President of ACS, articulating chairman in 1982. He led the company tion Bridge, that help the public access to become an international supplier of information on DOE-supported R&D. why the ACS board took such a posi- tion. I encourage you to read the posi- lubricants, fuel chemicals, and diver- By eliminating programs that compete sified specialty chemicals. He was the unnecessarily with existing services, tion statement at http://www.chemistry.org/government/ named inventor of 34 U.S. patents and DOE could concentrate its resources 85 foreign patents and the author of on these valuable initiatives as well as policy/ps2001.html and Dr. Busch’s letter over 100 articles on chemistry, scien- its traditional efforts at building data- tific research, and corporate manage- bases in specialized areas of energy (signed) David L. Schutt, Ph.D. Direc- ment. In retirement in Grantham, NH science. tor Continued on page 20
The Nucleus November 2001 19 for research on pigments and printing and cruised the waters of the Atlantic Historical Notes inks. He became a research manager at from the coast of Maine to the far Continued from page 19 a laboratory in New York City when reaches of the Caribbean. They came he remained a member of the boards of RBH was purchased by the Interchem- ashore at St. Croix where Bud taught a Lubrizol and other corporations. ical Corp. He supervised the move of labor relations course at the University During his professional life Cole- the laboratory to Clifton, NJ in the of the Virgin Islands. As luck would man received honors from several aca- 1960’s and did pioneering work on have it, hurricane Hugo destroyed the demic institutions and technical color matching by use of a computer. Fisher house on land but spared the societies. The Northeast Ohio Section After retirement to Cape Cod in 1973 boat. The Fishers then moved to of ACS honored him for outstanding he continued to read every issue of Stoneham, MA where Bud was a vice contributions to chemistry. The Boy Chemical and Engineering News while commander in the U.S. Coast Guard Scouts of America gave him the high- enjoying the building of reproductions Auxiliary and taught courses in naviga- est national awards for long service at of antique furniture. He was an enthu- tion. the local, regional, and national levels. siastic supporter of ACS and its pro- Thayer Carlton French, 66, died at He was a member of Omicron Delta grams. During his professional life he his home in Belmont, MA of heart Kappa, Phi Lambda Upsilon, and Beta also supported Boy Scouts, Meals-on- failure on April 11, 2001. He was a Lambda of Alpha Chi Sigma. Surviv- Wheels, and other community pro- native of the Pittsburgh, PA area. He ing were his wife Kathleen A. (Deak), grams. He was survived by his wife of received the S.B. in biology from MIT two sons and four grandchildren. 65 years, a son, a daughter, three in 1957 and subsequently the Ph.D. in grandchildren, and one great-grand- biochemistry. Until 1985 he was a Lewis Winfield Davis, 86, died on child. February 4, 2001. A native of Auburn, member of the MIT faculty and had an Austin W. Fisher, 85, died on Febru- ME he received the B.S. in chemistry active consulting business. He then ary 27, 2001. He was a native of New- and physics from Bates College. After joined the Center for Biochemical and ton, MA who received the B.S. from employment by General Electric Co. Biophysical Science and Medicine at what is now the University of Massa- he moved to Beverly, MA and helped the Harvard Medical School. At the chusetts, Amherst (1937) and the Sc.D. Peter Alexander develop the Alexan- time of his death he was director of the in chemical engineering from MIT in der-Davis procedure for the prepara- laboratories at the Center. 1941. During World War II he oversaw Yuli Moiseevich Glazman, 89, died tion of high purity uranium metal. The the development of synthetic niacin at on February 16, 2001. He was a native role of Metal Hydrides Co. in the the Allied Chemical and Dye Corp. in development of the uranium atom Philadelphia. In 1946 “Bud” (as he of Kiev, Russia and earned the doctor- bomb is well-known. was known to his associates) joined the ates at the State University (1939) and Davis became president of the technical staff of Arthur D. Little, Inc. at the Kiev Institute of Light Industry company. On retirement he moved to as manager of process engineering and (1959). He taught colloid chemistry at Standish, ME, and became active in later as manager of the firm’s New both schools until 1974 and was an community affairs and a trustee of England office and a senior member of author of more than 100 publications. Bates and Endicott colleges. its research and development division. An outspoken opponent of commu- Philip H. Dewey, 91, died on Sep- During this time he managed a highly- nism and Soviet anti-semitism he tember 6, 2000 in Yarmouthport, MA publicized project on the cultivation of brought his family to the U.S.A. in after a brief illness. He received the algae as a source of food and fuel. The 1975 and joined the Jewish community B.S. in chemistry from Union College algae farm was located on the roof of in Brookline, MA. He then was a in 1931 and the M.S. from Cornell the Little building on Memorial Drive, member of the Tufts University faculty University in 1932 where he did Cambridge. until retirement in 1989. research on adsorption under the direc- In 1959 Bud became vice presi- Alvin Olsen Ramsley, 81, died on tion of the legendary Wilder D. Ban- dent of research and development and February 9, 2001. A native of North croft. At the Coal Research Laboratory of the paper and plastics division at the Bergen, NJ, he received the B.S. in of the Carnegie Institute of Technology Ludlow Corporation in Needham, chemistry from Houghton College in in Pittsburgh he studied heats of com- MA. In 1965 he joined the Northeast- Houghton, NY, and the M.S. in inor- bustion of cokes and graphite. For the ern University faculty to teach indus- ganic chemistry from Columbia Uni- Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co. his research trial engineering and to coordinate the versity. After service in the U. S. Army included the production of foamed graduate programs in engineering man- during World War II he was employed glass for use as an insulator. During agement. Prior to his retirement in by the Army and at the time of his World War II he was employed on the 1979 his family made its home in Lex- retirement was a physical chemist at Manhattan Project at the Western Elec- ington, MA where Bud was prominent the U.S. Soldier Systems Command at tric Co. in Kearny, NJ. in town affairs. the Natick laboratories. Among a num- After the war Dewey joined RBH Bud and his wife then became res- ber of awards received during his serv- Dispersions Co. in Bound Brook, NJ idents of his 31-ft. sailboat, “Endelig” ice was a 1982 “Technical Directors 20 The Nucleus November 2001 survived by a daughter, a son, five Historical Notes grandchildren, and seven great-grand- Continued from page 20 Calendar children. Continued from page 24 Gold Pin Award for Research” made Seymour Rothchild, 80, died on April for his development of the Army’s 11, 2001 of lung cancer. He was a November 26 continued temperate battle dress (camouflage) Bronx, NY native and a graduate of Prof. Arthur Palmer (Columbia Univ.) uniform. He made his home in Sher- Brooklyn College. After serving as a Biochemistry Seminar, “NMR studies of Protein Motions and Folding” born, MA where he participated in captain in the Army Air Corps during MIT, Room 6-120, 4 pm many church and community activities. World War II he obtained the Ph.D. at He was a 50-year member of ACS and the University of Rochester and November 27 a member of other professional associ- secured employment at the Tracerlab Prof. James P. Morken (Univ. North Carolina) ations. Co. in Boston. In the early 1950’s he “Development of Stereoselective Reactions with founded the New England Nuclear Arrayed Catalyst Evaluation” P. Langdon Richards, 85, died on Boston College, Merkert Chemistry Center, March 29, 2001 after a short illness. A Corporation and served as its president Room 127, 2609 Beacon St.4:00 pm for 15 years during which the company native of Northampton, MA. In 1937 Prof. David Jonas (Univ. of Colorado) he received the B.S. in chemistry and was involved in work for the Interna- “Exploring Local Solvent Environments and physics from what is now the Univer- tional Atomic Energy Agency. Later he Degenerate Electronic Motion with Electronic sity of Massachusetts, Amherst. For became vice president of the Clinical Analogs of 2D NMR” MIT, Room 2-105, 4 pm 10 years he was employed in the Assays Co. which produced medical research department of the precursor of testing supplies. In 1980 Rothchild founded the November 28 the ExxonMobil Corporation. In 1948 Prof. John Groves (Princeton Univ.) he joined the technical marketing divi- Boston Philharmonic Orchestra and Harvard/MIT Inorganic Chemistry Seminar sion of the Exxon Chemical Co. and served as its president for 15 years. He Harvard Univ.,12 Oxford St., Cambridge traveled extensively in Europe and played violin for it and several other Latin America. In 1965 he became amateur orchestras. As president of the November 29 vice president and director of Esso New England Israel Chamber of Com- Prof. Robert Gordon (Univ. of Illinois, Chicago) merce he promoted the establishment MIT Physical Chemistry Seminar Chemical U.S.A. After retirement in MIT, Rm. 2-105, 4 pm 1971 he served as a consultant to the of high-tech companies in Israel. He was active in Harvard Hillel and was a Prof. David Glueck (Dartmouth College) petrochemical industry. “Metal-catalyzed Formation of Phosphorus- Richards was a member of ACS well-known tennis player at the Well- carbon Bonds” Northeastern Univ., 129 and other professional societies for bridge Center in Newton. He was sur- Hurtig Hall, 4:00 pm over 50 years. At his home in Westport, vived by his wife Sylvia (Rosner), CT he was active in community affairs three daughters, two sons, and four Notices for the Nucleus and continued this activity after mov- grandchildren. Calendar should be sent to: ing to Cummaquid on Cape Cod. By Samuel Vigo, 92, died on June 22, Dr. Donald O. Rickter, 88 Hemlock St., his first wife Helen (Codet) who died Arlington, MA 02474-2157 2001 at a retirement home on Cape e-mail: [email protected] in 1994 he had three sons. A second Cod. He received the B.S. in chemistry wife Edith (Larnica) survives him. from Brown University in 1930 and Giacomo J. Ristagno, 88, died on was then employed as an analytical June 23, 2001 in a Brockton, MA and research chemist at the U.S. nursing home after a long illness. He Army’s Watertown Arsenal where he came to the U.S.A. with his family helped standardize the use of spec- Puzzle Solution from Sicily in 1914. He was a graduate troscopy in the analysis of iron alloys. of Lincoln Technical College and After World War II he was chairman of Answers to the October 2001 Puzzle a national committee to standardize the received the B.S. from Northeastern 1. Clear, hail University. From 1942 until 1980 he analysis of titanium alloys. He was a was employed by the Polaroid Corpo- member of ACS, ASTM, and other 2. Transposing the first, second or ration as a chemist, department man- professional societies and a representa- third digits of the two numbers that ager, and staff assistant. In Brockton tive to a NATO division on aeronauti- are added together yields five other he was active in community affairs and cal research. On retirement to Cape combinations whose sum is 729, was a substitute teacher in the local Cod he became very active in reli- e.g., 183+546=729. schools. He spent considerable time gious, artistic, musical, and other lib- helping mentally challenged adults eral, political and social organizations. 3. BOSTON, TROY, ITHACA He was survived by two daughters, two find jobs. His hobbies included several 4. STAR, TRUE, AURA, REAR participatory sports and membership in grandsons, and four great-grandchil- the Boston Mycological Club. He was dren. 5. 14
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Harvard/MIT Physical Chemistry Seminar November 13 Harvard Univ., Room MB23, 12 Oxford St., 5 pm Prof. Robert Dunn (Univ. of Kansas) Prof. J. Santalucia, Jr. (Wayne State Univ.) “Single-Molecule Probes of Lipid Membrane “DNA Folding Thermodynamics, Bioinformatics, Structure and Dynamics” and Hybridization Design” MIT, Room 2-105, 4 pm Northeastern Univ., 129 Hurtig Hall, 4:00 pm Dr. Berkeley W. Cue (Vice-President, Pfizer Inc.) Prof.Rebecca R. Conry (Colby College) “The Road to Drug Discovery & Development” Title TBA Univ. Mass. Boston, Science Building, Room Univ. New Hampshire, Iddles Auditorium Room 089, 4:30 pm L103, 11:10 am Dr. Charles W. Martin (WL Gore) November 14 “Fuel cell membranes: The key to the revolution.” Prof. Dennis A. Dougherty (Calif. Inst. of Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Dept. of Technology) Chemical Engineering, George Buchi Lectures in Organic Chemistry Goddard Hall, Room 227, 4:00 pm MIT, 6-120, 4 pm Prof. Dwight Sweigart (Brown Univ.) November 5 “Organometallic Chemistry Applied to Carbon- Prof. Takeshi Nakai (Tokyo Institute of Sulfur Bond Activation and Quinoid Polymer Technology) Formation” “Recent Progress in Asymmetric Catalysis and UMass Dartmouth, Science & Engineering Catalytic Stereocontrol” Building (Group II), Boston Univ., Science Center Auditorium, SCI Room 115, 4:00 pm AMERICAN CHEMICAL
U.S. POSTAGE PAID 107, 4:00 pm OPOI ORG. NONPROFIT NORTHEASTERN Prof. Paul R. Selvin (Univ. of Illinois) November 15 SOCIETY SECTION “Conformational Changes in Actomyosin and Ion Dr. Mary Lou Ganzer (President, AACC) Channels Measured by Fluorescence” “Cystatin C” [Joint Physical Chemistry / Biological Chemistry] American Association for Clinical Chemistry and MIT, Room 6-120, 4 pm Clinical Ligand Assay Society Doubletree Guest Suites Hotel, Waltham at 128 November 6 Social 6 pm; Dinner 7 pm;Lecture 8 pm Prof. David Nesbitt (Univ. of Colorado) Prof. Gregory L. Verdine (Harvard Univ.) Radicals, Single Collisions and Single Molecules “The Secret Life of the Genome” Tufts Univ., Pearson Chem. Building, 62 Talbot Boston College, Merkert Chemistry Center, Calendar Ave., Medford, Room 127, 2609 Beacon St. 4:00 pm For additional information, call: Room 106, 4:30 pm Prof. Chris Chidsey (Stanford Univ.) Am. Assoc. Clinical Chemists - (617) 732-6987, Ms. Maryjo Bent (Univ. Mass. Boston) Harvard Physical and HU/MIT Combined pager 11161 “Triple Hydrogen Bonding in Uracil Derivatives” Physical Chemistry Seminar Boston College - (617) 552-2605 (Thesis Defense) Harvard Univ., Room MB23 Pfizer Lecture Boston University - (617) 353-4277 Univ. Mass. Boston, Science Building, Room Hall,12 Oxford St., Cambridge, 5 pm Brandeis University - (781) 736-2500 089, 4:30 pm Prof. Dennis A. Dougherty (Calif. Inst. of Dartmouth College - (603) 646-2501 Dr. Mary Beth Carter (Biogen) Technology) Harvard University - (617) 495-4198 “Integrin alpha-4-beta-1 (VLA4) Inhibitors” George Buchi Lectures in Organic Chemistry Mass. Inst. Technology - (617) 253-1803 Univ. New Hampshire, Iddles Auditorium Room MIT, 6-120, 4 pm Northeastern University - (617) 373-2822 L103, 11:10 am Tufts Univ. - (617) 627-2634 November 19 UMass Boston - (617) 287-6130 November 7 Prof. Matthew Sigman (Univ. of Utah) UMass Dartmouth - (508) 999-8232 Prof. Joseph. J. BelBruno (Dartmouth College) “Palladium-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of UMass Lowell - (978) 934-3675 “Computational Studies of the Applications of Alcohols” Univ. of New Hampshire - (603) 862-1550 Fullerenes to Material Science” Boston Univ., Science Center Auditorium, SCI Worcester Polytechnic Institute - (508) 831-5250 UMass Dartmouth, Science & Engineering 107, 4:00 pm Check NESACS Homepage for late additions: Building (Group II), Room 115, 4:00 pm http://www.NESACS.org The Pfizer Symposium: Prof. David Bartel (MIT-Whitehead Institute) at Note also the MIT Chemistry Department November 8 1:30 pm; Webpage calendar: Prof. Ken Dill (Univ. of California, San Prof. Ronald Breaker (Yale Univ.), “The Pursuit http://web.mit.edu/chemistry/www/temp/seminars Francisco) /pchemseminars.html of Catalytic Perfection with “A Statistical Mechanical Model of Water, the Ribozymes and Deoxyribozymes” at 3 pm; and the Harvard Chemistry web site for updates: Hydrophobic Effect, http://www- and Ion Solvation” (Harvard/MIT Seminar) Prof. Gerald Joyce (The Scripps Institute), “Three chem.harvard.edu/events/Physical_Seminars.html MIT, Room 2-105, 5 pm Paradigms for theRNA-catalyzed Replication of (which includes the Harvard/MIT joint seminars). RNA” at 4:30 pm Prof. Kevin G. Owens (Drexel Univ.) Harvard Univ., MB-23 Pfizer Lecture Hall “Quantitative Analysis by MALDI TOFMS: Fact November 1 or Fantasy?” Prof. Scott J. Miller (Boston College) Univ. New Hampshire, Iddles Auditorium Room November 20 “Minimal Peptide-Based Catalysts: Biomimetic L103, 11:10 am Prof. Philip Keehn (Brandeis Univ.) Discovery and Biomimetic Synthesis” “Intramolecular Non-bonded Interactions” Boston College, Merkert Chemistry Center, Univ. Mass. Boston, Science Building, Room Room 127, 2609 Beacon St. 4:00 pm November 12 089, 4:30 pm Prof. Geoff Coates (Cornell Univ.) Prof. Marisa Kozlowski (Univ. of Pennsylvania) “Synthetic Polymers from Nature: New Catalysts “Identification of Novel Ligands for Asymmetric for the Synthesis of Biodegradable Polymers from November 26 Synthesis” Renewable Resources” Prof. James Morken (Univ. North Carolina) Dartmouth College, Room 101 Fairchild, 10:30 Boston Univ., Science Center Auditorium, SCI Organic Seminar am 107, 4:00 pm Harvard Univ., MB-23 Pfizer Lecture Hall, 4:15 Prof. Watt Webb (Cornell Univ., Dept. Applied pm and Engineering Physics) Continued on page 21