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Charles Fontaine: a Bibliographical Contribution and a Study of His Concept of Poetry

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Charles Fontaine: a Bibliographical Contribution and a Study of His Concept of Poetry Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1973 Charles Fontaine: a Bibliographical Contribution and a Study of His Concept of Poetry. Andrew Anderson Vance Jr Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Vance, Andrew Anderson Jr, "Charles Fontaine: a Bibliographical Contribution and a Study of His Concept of Poetry." (1973). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 2434. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/2434 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. 5. PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 73-27,876 VANCE, Jr., Andrew Anderson, 1941- CHARLES FONTAINE: A BIBLIOGRAPHICAL CONTRIBUTION AND A STUDY OF HIS CONCEPT OF POETRY. The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Ph.D., 1973 Language and Literature, general University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan CHARLES FONTAINE: A BIBLIOGRAPHICAL CONTRIBUTION AND A STUDY OF HIS CONCEPT OF POETRY A DISSERTATION Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Foreign Languages by Andrew Anderson Vance, Jr. A.B., Davidson College, 1962 M.A., Louisiana State University, 1965 May, 1973 ACKNOWLEDGMENT The writer expresses his deep appreciation to Dr. Lester W. Roubey, whose guidance, patience, and en­ couragement were of significant help in the writing of this dissertation. Gratitude is also due to the Admini­ stration of Catawba College, whose generous policy of academic leave and research grants facilitated the accom­ plishment of a difficult task. ii CONTENTS Acknowledgment . ............ ..... 11 Abstract................... iv I. Introduction and Biographical Resume ......... 1 II. The Lost Translation ............. 55 III. The Case for Reassessment................. 101 IV. The Two Worlds of P o e t r y ........................ 139 V. The Ovidlan Influence..............................198 Conclusion.................................. 281 Bibliography............................................. 288 Appendix.................................................... 295 V i t a .........................................................306 111 ABSTRACT Although Charles Fontaine has been the subject of one book-length study and several articles since the 1880's, there still remains ample matter for scholarly inquiry into the life, works, and critical evaluation of this sixteenth- century poet. As regards Fontaine's life, it appears that a reason­ ably strong case may be made for the theory that he may have studied law for a while before deciding to devote his full energies to writing poetry. Another biographical fact that should be considered in any evaluation of Fontaine's poetry is the evidence unearthed in 1925 by Grace Frank that as a young man, Fontaine may have been influenced considerably by the early Reformation impulse. In the matter of bibliography, it is almost certain that a supposedly lost translation composed by Fontaine is really a version of Ovid's Remedia Amoris which occupies a place in the collection Les Ruisseaux de Fontaine. When the primary criteria long proposed as vindicators of Fontaine's right to be placed within the ranks of the Pleiade's precursors are submitted to skeptical examination, they are seen to be tenuous at best, and it becomes apparent that a critical reassessment of Fontaine on other bases is in order. iv One of the clearest intellectual features of Fon­ taine's poetry is a strain of chorismatic thought. The recognition of chorismatic patterns in Fontaine's poetry should allow subsequent evaluators of his work to recon­ cile his apparently contradictory pronouncements on the essential nature of poetry within a more coherent formula than was previously possible. The greatest single influence from Antiquity on Fon­ taine's work was Ovid, and there appear to be rather pro­ found reasons for Fontaine's choice of Ovid as a literary model. Both men seem to have shared a tendency to regard the universe as a composite of separate, mutually legiti­ mate, yet mutually exclusive realms of reality. This ten­ dency affected their respective styles, causing each to prefer a "low" style of poetic diction in all but his most "serious" endeavours. For its part, the Pleiade's program was aimed at raising all poetic diction to a level commensurate with the almost divine act of poetic creation. Therefore, when Charles Fontaine's work is evaluated on the bases of its most prominent intellectual characteristic and the aesthetic implied by this characteristic, Fontaine's claim to the title of precursor of the Pleiade loses much of its validity. v CHAPTER I In the introduction to a popular anthology o£ six­ teenth-century French poetry, the editor, in the process of making somewhat perfunctory note of the names and accomplishments of the lesser luminaries of this period who were attacked by Joachim du Bellay in La Deffence et Illustration de la Langue Frangoyse, credits Charles Fontaine with the authorship of La Jeunesse de Fontaine.* That Charles Fontaine never wrote a work bearing this exact title is a matter of only peripheral importance in our present context, and in fairness to our editor, we must add that in the portion of his anthology dealing specifically with Fontaine there is no further mention of the non-existent publication. Rather, this inconsequen­ tial error has been cited for the sole purpose of demon­ strating as concretely as possible the low estate into which studies on Charles Fontaine have declined on both sides of the Atlantic. Not only is the editor's slip forgivable, it is completely understandable given the paucity of recent scholarly work related directly to this poet of sixteenth-century France. For instance, a thorough bibliographical investigation reveals that the latest truly original article dealing specifically with ^•Anthologie poetique francaise XVIe siecle. ed. Maurice Allem (Paris, 1965), i", 21. o Charles Fontaine was published by Grace Frank In 1925. In 1967, Christine Scollen devoted the £ifth chapter of her study on the origin of the elegy In France to a dis- cussion of Fontaine's elegiac production. With the notable exception of these two valuable contributions to Fontaine studies, most recent critical references to Charles Fontaine have been confined to passing allusions in texts devoted primarily to the critical evaluation of other, better known poets of the period. The relative neglect of Charles Fontaine on the part of modern scholars is a bit curious inasmuch as the score of years spanning the last decade of the nineteenth and first years of the twentieth centuries witnessed a revival of interest in his career to the extent that scholars of the stature of Henri Chamard, Emile Roy, and Louis Clement saw fit to devote articles or portions of larger works to him. This renewed interest culminated in 1909 in the only book-length study ever devoted exclusively to Charles Fontaine. Conceived in its original form by Richmond L. Hawkins as a doctoral dissertation at Harvard University, this study was published in condensed form in 1916 as the second volume of the Harvard
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