February 10, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 2595 The PRESIDING OFFICER. The The motion was agreed to; and (at 5 CONFIRMATIONS pending business is H.R. 3818. o'clock and 19 minutes p.m.) the Senate Executive nominations confirmed by Mr. MANSFIELD. That is the so­ adjourned until tomorrow, Thursday, the Senate February 10, 1965: called gold cover bill? February 11, 1965, at 12 o'clock meridian. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT Senator from Montana is correct. Donald W. Hoagland, Colorado, to be As­ NOMINATIONS sistant Administrator for Development Fi­ Executive nominations received by the nance and Private Enterprise, Agency for International Development. ADJOURNMENT Senate February 10, 1965: IN THE NAVY DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, if Adm. Harold P. Smith, U.S. Navy, for ap­ Nicholas deB. Katzenbach, of Illinois, to be there is no further business to come be­ pointment to the grade of admiral, when Attorney General. fore the Senate, I move that the Senate retired, pursuant to title 10, United States Ramsey Clark, of Texas, to be Deputy At­ adjourn until 12 o'clock noon tomorrow. Code, section 5233. torney General.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Soathwestern University, Georgetown, always the visitor is impressed with feel­ for the fortifications of the Delaware ing that here the finest of education in River. The successful completion of Tex. the liberal arts is offered; that here a these plans earned him a commission as deep sense of history permeates the fac­ colonel of engineers in the Continental EXTENSION OF REMARKS ulty and student body. Army. In the spring of next year he OF Southwestern University is a most un­ joined the Northern Army at Ticon­ usual and unique school, and one that deroga, and there he advised on the HON. J. J. PICKLE not only survived some rough years but fortifications of Fort Defiance. During OF TEXAS is now destined to become one of the the next 2 years he was placed in charge IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES largest educational institutions under of the building of fortifications at West Wednesday, February 10, 1965 Methodism in the southwestern part of Point. Subsequently he saw action at the United States. Charleston, S.C., and was one of the first Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, Friday, Continentals to enter that city after its February 5, 1965, was designated South­ All Texans are proud to join in the recognition of this occasion. All will evacuation by the British. western University Day in Texas by proc­ In recognition of his signal services for lamation by Gov. John Connally. forever be indebted to Southwestern University for the contribution it has the cause of the Revolution he was made Southwestern University was estab­ a brigadier general on October 13, 1783. lished as such in 1843. It traces its be­ made to the educational, cultural, and religious life in our State. A year later he returned to Poland, hop­ ginning to the establishment of Ruters­ ing to serve there for the Polish cause. ville University, the first institution of In 1789 he was made a major general in higher education in Texas, which was the Polish Army, and for many years established in 1840 at Rutersville by a Tadeusz Kosciuszko (1746--1817) continued to lead his unfortunate Polish pioneer Methodist minister, Martin compatriots in their hopeless fight Ruter. EXTENSION OF REMARKS against forbidding odds. He was sadly This university is affiliated with the disappointed in his gallant attempts. Methodist church. When the present OF Heart broken, he ended his career in charter was issued the privileges of grad­ HON. CORNELIUS E. GALLAGHER exile in Switzerland. On his 219th birth­ uates of Southwestern University were day, we do homage to his memory. granted to the graduates of the Meth­ OJ' NEW JERSEY odist schools preceding Southwestern. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The charter was set on February 5, 1840. Wednesday, February 10, 1965 Southwestern University has served Mr. GALLAGHER. Mr. Speaker, Fino Seeks 10-Percent Across-the-Board the youth of Texas and the country con­ Tadeusz Kosciuszko was one of the gal­ Rise in Social Security Benefits tinuously for 125 years. It has been lo­ lant and brave soldiers of fortune who cated in Georgetown, Tex., since 1873. was always willlng to go anywhere and The liberal arts college, outstanding EXTENSION OF REMARKS serve under any banner for the good OF in its field, has been referred to as the cause of freedom and liberty. This "mother of higher education in Texas" gifted son of a well-to-do Polish peasant HON. PAUL A. FINO because of the many remarkable Y.oung family was destined to be a soldier of OJ' NEW YORK men and women who have passed rare distinction. He was born on Feb­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES through its doors to achieve prominent ruary 12-the birthday of our own Presi­ success in their chosen fields. dent Lincoln-219 years ago. He lost his Wednesday, February 10, 1965 Among its graduates, to mention a few, father when he was 13 years old, but his Mr. FINO. Mr. Speaker, today Ire­ are at least two U.S. Senators, five bish­ yearning for education led him to the introduced my bill calling for a 10-per­ ops of the Methodist church, seven col­ Royal School at Warsaw in 1765. He cent across-the-board rise in social se­ lege presidents, two justices of the graduated from that school in 1769 with curity benefits. Supreme Court of Texas, one chief judge the rank of captain and earned a schol­ As the costs of living continue to rise, of the U.S. Court of Claims, several Fed­ arship to France where he entered the it becomes more and more important to eral judges, and many distinguished famous military school at Mezieres, spe­ raise social security payments to real­ doctors, ministers, attorneys, business­ cializing in artillery and engineering. In istic minimums. Our senior citizens are men, and educators. 1776 he was in Paris, and there be heard being starved in the name of economy. In proportion to enrollment South­ of the American Revolution. That We are told every day by the adminis­ western ranks in the upper 2 percent stirred his imagination and his restless tration and news media that we are in of all colleges in the number of graduates soul. At once he saw his chance for ac­ a period of unparalleled financial pros­ lis·ted 1n "Who's Who in America." tion in a good cause, and with borrowed perity. Surely we are rich enough to It has been my privilege to visit this money he sailed for America, arriving in provide large enough social security pay­ campus many times, and I am personally Philadelphia in August of that same year. ments that the prosperity we enjoy is acquainted with many of the faculty for On his arrival he applied for military not marred by the poverty of our de­ whom I have the highest regard. Al­ service, and of course was admitted. pendent senior citizens. It seems to ways the visitor is made to feel at home: First he was employed to draw up plans me that a 10-percent across-the-board 2596 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE February 10, 1965 rise in social security payments is more played with the band while undergoing Senator DmKSEN. Yes, I think I do, know­ than overdue. recruit training, and who have been se­ ing all the facts. First it must be remem­ I trust that the Ways and Means Com­ lected to continue for an additional 6 bered there was a holiday in Vietnam, and in Vietminh, also, meaning the northern half mittee will give serious and favorable months. There are no rated musicians of that area. And when the holiday was consideta:tion to this humantarian piece playing in the band. over in the light of the fact that the new of legislation. All practice must be performed after Soviet leader, Mr. Kosygin, was out there. normal training hours. there came this attack. It was a complete The honor guard is under the direction surprise, of course. It was not anticipated of Howard G. Ischar, petty officer in although I suppose they are prepared, gen­ Government Island, Calif. charge. The band director is Dallas N. erally speaking, for whatever attacks may come, knowing that it is guerrilla warfare Archibald, MU-Pl. The drum major and that they strike without any advance EXTENSION OF REMARKS of the band is Lynn T. Crisler, SN. notice. And in Tesponse to it, something had OF We, in northern California., are very to be done and action was taken. proud of the fine achievements of this Mr. McBEE. Senator, as in the case of the HON. GEORGE P. MILLER marching unit. I am confident that its Tonkin Gulf attacks of last summer will this OF CALIFORNIA high standards of excellence and fine action by the President necessitate Senate IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES performance make the Government Is­ approval or House approval? Senator DIRKSEN. Now that we are there Wednesday, February 10, 1965 land Coast Guard Band, color guard, and in the light of the resolution that we and honor guard among the finest in passed some time back, I believe, in his Mr. MILLER. Mr. Speaker, in my the Nation. authority as Commander in Chief and other Eighth Congressional District of Cali­ authority that the President is amply weap­ fornia, is a very important Coast Guat;d oned with all the necessary authority to take facility; namely, Government Island. Issues and Answers-ABC Radio and what action must be taken. Government Island has been the site of Television Program With Senator Dirk­ Mr. McBEE. The old resolution holds up still? Federal agency activities since 1917 when sen as Guest the U.S. Shipping Board used the island Senator DIRKSEN. That is right. And then as a construction center for World War I of course I think he relies in part-and concrete ships. In 1922 the Shipping EXTENSION OF REMARKS rightly so-upon the understanding that OF was had back in 1953 or 1954, after Dien­ Board transferred its holdings to the U.S. bienphu fell and we had to determine after Department of Agriculture which in turn Hon. EVERETT McKINLEY DIRKSEN the Geneva Conference what we would do placed the land .in the hands of the U.S. with respect to Vietnam, the preservation Bureau of Public Roads. The latter de­ OF ILLINOIS of a stable government out there and the partment still maintains a depot on the IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES preservation of a government at all against island. Wednesday, February 10, 1965 outside attack, meaning, of course, the Com­ munist attack. The Coast Guard came to the island in Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. President, I ask Mr. ScALI. Senator, I know, because you 1926 and established a base using the unanimous consent to have printed in are vitally interested in this development, wharf anq some of the office space of the the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD the ·text Of that you have been in touch with the White Bureau of Roads. In September 1931, the Issues and Answers program on ABC House not only before but since. What do the Coast Guard acquired 15 acres of Radio and Television, Sunday, Febru­ you know about the results of the attacks? land from the Department of Commerce Senator DmKSEN. Well, I would have to ary 7, 1965, on which I was the guest. give you a general answer, of course. I am to establish a permanent base. There being no objection, the text of Today this base consists of the entire pretty sure, based upon conversations, and a the program was ordered to be printed in conversation with the President no later than 67 acre island, 49 buildings, wharfage the RECORD, as follows: this day-in fact, early this day-that im­ for 3 major cutters and numerous mediate action was taken. Secondly, that small craft, and is the only Coast Guard ISSUES AND ANSWERS, SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 7, 1965 it was deemed to be adequate, insofar as training center in the western part of results are known, so that no time was lost the United States. Staffed by 34 officers (Guest: Senator EVERETT McKINLEY DmK­ in meeting this situation. · SEN, Republican, of Illinois, Senate mi­ Mr. MCBEE. Senator, John here broke a and 258 men, one of the important mis­ nority leader; interviewed by John Scali, sions of this base is to serve as a Coast pretty good story the other night. He said ABC diplomatic correspondent, and Keith that he had ascertained the Russians were Guard training facilitY. McBee, ABC Capitol Hill correspondent) thinking about supplying the North Viet­ A function of the .training operation The ANNOUNCER. Senate minority leader, namese with the same kind of antiaircraft is a marching unit, which consists of a EvERETT McKINLEY DmKSEN, Republican, of rockets that they had given Castro. Do you band, color guard, and honor guard all Illinois, here are the issues: think that this action, especially with Mr. under the supervision of Lt. (jg) G. C. Do you approve of the American air at­ Kosygin in Hanoi, might deter them from Kornish. tacks against North Vietnam? such an action? The commanding officer of this train­ Can we win the fight against the Commu­ Senator DIRKSEN. Well, that, of course, is ing center, Capt. O. D. Weed, Jr., has nists in southeast Asia? in the speculative field. Obviously I do not Is President Johnson handling General de know. The Russians may do it. They may recently told me that between August 1, Gaulle correctly? send them to China and let the Red Chinese 1963, 1964, and November 11, the march­ Now for the answers from the dominant do i\i. Assuming, of course, they are on ing unit has appeared at 88 performances, voice of the ·senate Republicans, Senator speaking terms, and they must be, since 43 of which were competitive parades. EVERETT McKINLEY DmKSEN, of Illinois. Kosygin did stop off and have a visit with In these 43 parades the units have won 73 To interview Senator DmKSEN, ABC Capi­ the Red leaders of China. But whether trophies, 59 of which were first-place tol Hill correspondent, Keith McBee, and rockets have been moved in is a matter I can't honors. Eighty-one percent of the ABC diplomatic correspondent, John Scali. say, unless I had knowledge. That knowl­ trophies were first-place awards. Mr. SCALI. Senator, welcome to "Issues and edge presently I do not have. Answers." Mr. ScALI. The fact that Premier Kosygin In reality this unit is quite unique was visiting Hanoi at the time must have Senator DmKSEN. Thank you. among military drill teams. Most drill been an important factor in the decision on teams consist of select, experienced serv­ Mr. ScALI. ·was the Republican leadership whether to strike at this time in retaliation. icemen using light-weight drill rifles. consulted by the President in advance of our What is your understanding of this, Sena­ decision to retaliate against North Vietnam tor? The Coast Guard group is an all-recruit and what do you think of the decision? team of men with only a few weeks to Senator DmKSEN. Well, actually without; Senator DmKSEN. Yes, they were consulted. having knowledge and perhaps no under­ less than 3 months of military train­ If by "Republican leadership" you mean the standing, I have a fairly clear idea of what ing. They also use the standard 9-pound Republican leader in the House and the Re­ this must add up to because if Mr. Kosygin M-1 rifle, which weighs 11 pounds with publican leader of the Senate. The Speaker had first visited with the Red Chinese lead­ bayonet attached. was also consulted and likewise the majority ers before he went to Hanoi and possibly Hat The band is normally comprised of 20 leader in the Senate, so there was consulta­ Phong also in that upper area, and then the tion as to the exact situation that developed, holiday came over, they had the dinner for recruits, chosen from the recruit bat­ why it developed, and what they hoped they talion, who have had prior experience Kosygin and then the attack comes, obvi­ might do to meet the situation. ously they are waiting to see what the re­ with high school or college bands, and Mr. ScALI. Well, do you approve of the de­ action from South Vietnam and the United an additional10 seamen apprentices who cision? States is going to be. February 10, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 2597

Now if I were sitting there musing and ing nothi~g would have been cqmpletely mis­ out and that if they continue this policy speculating on the subject I might come to understood? of infiltration it will risk a bigger war? the conclusion, 1f there were no reaction at Senator DIRKSEN. Well, the alternative, as Senator DIRKSEN. Well, first let's be clear all that pe·rhaps we were getting ready to pull you know, when interpreted in the Orient, that what happened, now, is strictly a retal­ out, or we were not wanting to take a chance is actually not an alternative at all for us iatory move and does not contemplate going on a deeper intervention by the Chinese and because unless you stand your ground, un­ any further than that. Now that is a matter by the Soviet Union, and I think as a specu­ less you meet the attacks that are made­ of broad policy as to whether or not you go lative matter it is highly important, and if and this was a serious attack it is my un­ beyond retaliation and strike, let us say, I had to make the determination, I would derstanding now, the latest report which the industrial area of Hanoi and Hat Phong. have made exactly the same determination, may not have actually gotten out as yet, is It is not for me to say. It is a decision for namely to retaliate and to be sure that it was that there were over a hundred who were the President and the National Security .adequate retaliation. wounded in addition to those who were Council. But I think at all times they are Mr. McBEE. The time is good then, and we killed. Well, this is a pretty serious attack. fully aware that you might get retaliation surprised them? Mr. McBEE. We agree on that, but I must in reply, and who knows to what extent, Senator DIRKSEN. That is correct. interrupt for just a moment. In just a and in what volume that may come, and Mr. ScALI. You think, then, there was no moment we wm be back with more issues. how deeply we could become involved with .alternative, in view of what the provocation (Announcements.) Red China and for that matter the Soviet was? Mr. MCBEE. Senator DIRKSEN, SO far as you Union if she proposes to supply weapons to Senator DIRKSEN. Not unless you want all know do all of our military leaders concur Red China and then in turn to North Viet­ of the Orient to suddenly feel that we have with the military action in Vietnam today? nam? lost face, and you would want the whole wide Senator ·DIRKSEN. I am reasonably sure, Mr. ScALI. Do you think as conditions are world to feel that either we were so weak or and it is based upon an inquiry that I made, developing there a total victory for the side so disinclined that we would not take any that they do concur unanimously, and that of freedom is possible? action. goes for General Taylor and it goes for Gen­ Senator DIRKSEN. Well, patience is a vir­ Mr. ScALI. Well, Senator, after we attacked eral Westmoreland as well, who are on the tue, you know, where guerrilla warfare is in­ the gunboat bases following the Gulf of ground. volved. Look how long it took the British. Tonkin incident, the Chinese and the North Mr. McBEE. Well, General Taylor all along Was it 13 years in Malaysia, before final free­ Vietnamese did not themselves retaliate has favored some sort of escalation of the dom eventuated and even now the British against these attacks. What do you think war. I assume this is along the lines of his are out there in larger numbers and have to the outlook is now, is it riskier than it was suggestion to the White House. defend it. So if you are trying to save the previously? Sena tor DIRKSEN. Yes, and I think what freedom, liberty, the stability, and the form Senator DmKSEN. Of course-there I go action has taken place is quite in line with of government of a country like Vietnam with <>ut on a limb, in other words. It is a wholly any suggestion that Taylor made. 11 or 12 m1llion people, you have got to sum­ speculative answer. Mr. ScALI. Senator, do you expect the mon a lot of patience. And it is evidenced, Mr. SCALI. Right. President will call the joint congressional of course, by the fact that since this all began Senator DIRKSEN. You cannot tell, there leaders to the White House in the next few after the Geneva undertaking in 1954, we is no basis for any surmise as to what they days to discuss this and give them the latest have had 54,000 of our American advisers in might do. They might believe that we are information? and out. That is a rather euphemistic term, really serious about this business and this Senator DIRKSEN. Without actually know­ as you know, when you talk about advisers, may be the end of it for a while except these ing, I would say it is entirely impossible, but that is the fact. And so there may be little sorties across the border in order to now, knowing the President and having sat as many as 23,000 or 24,000 at the present keep the guerrilla warfare steamed up. across from him in that Senate Chamber for time. You have to summon up all the pa­ Mr. McBEE. Senator, is not this beginning many years, fought, bled, and died together tience in the book in dealing with a situa­ to take the shape of a policy? We have this oftentimes-- tion of that kind. long war of attrition in Vietnam which we Mr. SCALI. Do you mean possible? I Mr. McBEE. Senator, there was loose talk are attempting to win on the ground and thought you said "impossible." before this program that politics might creep yet periodically when a political crises espe­ Senator DIRKSEN. No. I was going to say into our little discussion. cially looms, then we strike, as in the case having fought, bled, and died together up Recently you have undergone an election <>f Tonkin and as in the case of the attacks there a good many times, I know what his not of your making. A great many pundits today. Do you think this is our long-stand­ attachment is to the Congress and how and columnists have said that the real Re­ ing, long-range policy? anxious he is to have the people's elected publican leadership in your party, which is Senator DIRKSEN. Well, it is our policy as representatives know all the time what is not enjoying some disarray at this moment, <>f the moment because, first, let me say we going on, so, on the basis of his penchant falls upon you, and you yourself have said have three choices: We can do what we are for having these leadership meetings when in announcing the GOP Coordinating Com­ doing at the present time and we can give, there is a serious problem before the coun­ mittee some weeks ago that the elected Re­ if they assault us. We could move across try, I would guess that before too long publican is the Republican leader. that parallel with everything we have got. there will be a leadership meeting. Don't you feel, sir, that the mantle of Who knows what kind of retaliation it will Mr. McBEE. Senator, what is the point of Republican leadership indeed rests upon your invite. And third, we could pull out if we crisis that leaves you in a completely bi­ shoulders at this time? so desired. But my own notion about pull­ partisan position? In 1962 in the Cuban Senator DIRKSEN. I am not so sure about ing out is that we forsake the southern end missile crisis you said to President Kennedy that. Let us say it rests on a number of <>f our outside Pacific perimeter which runs "You take care of the Nation, I wm take shoulders. But there is this fact: You have from Korea to Vietnam, and if that is done, care of the Republicans." In matters of 172 Republican Senators and Congressmen why your flank is turned, military speaking, emergency like this, you depart party and serving in this, the 89th Congress. Now and then what happens to Guam and to the become the Senate leader who will baclc the they come here with the suffrage of the peo­ trustee islands and to the Philippines out in administration-- ple. And consequently they are entitled to the Pacific, because you are going to have to Senator DIRKSEN. Well, let me put it on and they do go on the record with respect maintain that flank, whether or no. a broader ground. We have always taken to all questions of policy, both domestic and Mr McBEE. Well, not to belabor the point the position that we are entitled· to be in­ foreign. They couldn't escape a kind of but doesn't it appear that we maintain the formed as to what is going on abroad where leadership if they wanted to because here it ground war until hopefully ultimate victory we are involved, and we are entitled to have is. And they must go on the record and but occasionally we have to bring them up a chance to offer any suggestion, any sub­ that record is a part of the scroll of the short? stitutes, any alternatives that come to mind. Republican Party for all the country and par­ Senator DIRKSEN. Right. Of course our But when that chance has been afforded and ticularly the voters to see in 1966 when we first job out there, if we can get it done, is the time comes to make a hard decision, we go back to the polls in the bielection. to establish some kind of political stability. feel that we have got to conjoin because Now we try to coordinate all this. The That is one of the real probleins in Vietnam this is a hostile world full of fever and Governors are elected, too. To be sure today. It hasn't worked out too well as yet, this country cannot afford to show a dis­ their principal orbit is the State domain what with the fall of three or four gov­ united face to the world and in consequence and the State problems but no less they ernments since the Diem government. Now we have invariably pursued that line. have an interest in national affairs. That then we have to work at it because unless Mr. ScALI. Senator, on both occasions when would be true of those who have been candi­ you have stability you have exactly nothing. we have struck across the border and hit dates for the Presidency, or who have been At the same time you have got to maintain military targets in North Vietnam, we have President of the United States. Eisenhower a military posture out there in order to sup­ announced that it was in specific retaliation and Landon, and in the candidate field Gold­ port that government and to defend it and for Communist attacks against American water, Nixon, and Dewey. Consequently they throw a shield around it against these con­ forces. like to be heard and they have been leaders stant and almost uninterrupted attacks from How do you stand generally, sir, on the of the party. the north. idea of additional strikes into North Viet­ Now if you coordinate all that and get the Mr. ScALI. Well, Senator, do you think nam, not necessarily in specific retaliation necessary task forces, together with the· im­ there was any alternative to this attack on but as a means of bringing home to the plementing personnel, and base that on the our part? Do you think that silence or do- Communists that we are not going to pull national committee and then, of course, lay 2598. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE February 10, 1965 it before your elected Congressmen and Sen­ suggestion. Why do you think he likes to He proposes the expansion of the in­ ators, you have a pretty cohesive force where tweak our nose? · terest equalization tax. He proposes a you have a sharing of the leadership. Senator DmKSEN. I am not sure whether piddling cutback in the amount of goods Mr. McBEE. But Senator, in front of all this that is just an inborn characteristic, hydra is a voice and that is, the Senate mi­ whether it was meant, of course, to gain some tourists can bring back into the United nority leader, isn't it? publicity-although why should a man of the states. The rest of his proposals are Senator DIRKSEN. Don't derogate it all to stature of Charles de Gaulle have to resort based on "effort" and "cooperation." To the Senate minority leader. There is a very to those things in order to get publicity? He match his rosy picture, he has proposed distinguished House minority leader, too, doesn't have to. All he would have to do is a lackadaisical policy, which does not JERRY FoRo, of Michigan, and a very capable to set foot outside the palace and they are ready to take his photograph and hang on have nearly enough teeth in it. leader indeed, I must say. So maybe we are I urge specifically that the following the funnels and maybe the joint leadership every word. And I am glad it is that way. meetings which we try to contrive, every But these little shots in the dark may fire measures be considered: Higher interest week, if possible, is the forum where these his imagination a little bit, but it hasn't rates in the United States to attract for­ things have to be beaten out and then, of perturbed or caused any rumblings in the eign capital and brake U.S. demand for course, given to you at the press conferences financial chancelleries of the world, for­ foreign goods; a multimillion-dollar that follow. · tunately. crash program to attract far larger tour­ Mr. McBEE. Thank you, sir. In just a mo­ Mr. ScALI. Senator, do you think much ment we will be back with more "Issues ist crowds to the United States; greater progress has been made in changing the and Answers." participation by our allies in sharing image of the Republican Party that is pre­ (Announcement.) costs 0f U.S. oversea defense facilities; sented to the people? The reason I ask that Mr. SCALI. Senator, the Communists are a cutback of U.S. participation in over­ question is that some critics and indeed claiming that they shot down some of the some members of the Republican Party felt sea development loan setups like the American planes that attacked these instal­ Inter-American Development Bank, that perhaps Senator Goldwater presented lations. From your conversations what do too conservative an image and this was a you know about our losses? , which programs are tantamount to for­ factor in the election defeat. Senator DIRKSEN. Well, it is entirely pos­ eign aid. These are tough measures-­ Senator DmKSEN. Well, you know I don't sible, and the lowest picture .as I got it this the situation is a tough situation. The get fired up, particularly, about this ques­ morning is a good deal larger than it was last President has not faced up to the true tion of images. I have always said that the night when I got these reports. It indicates, depth of the challenge. record has to be the image, and everybody of course, the dimension of this action over contributes to it. Because an image is an there and that they are playing for keeps. amorphous and composite thing. So we try Mr. ScALI. Well, we are, too? to build the image by what we do because Senator DmKsEN. Oh, indeed we have to. that is the thing that ultimately counts. Mr. ScALI. Well, Senator, how do you go on Address by Hon. Douglas Dillon We had some difficulties in the late un­ this business of perhaps introducing Ameri­ pleasantness of 1964, if I can refer to it in can fighting troops if necessary in order to EXTENSION OF REMARKS that fashion, and I think too often, of win the war? OF course, what one man may have said, even Senator DmKsEN. Well, what are these ad­ as an aside or even to a reporter, too often visers doing if they are not advising and giv­ HON. EUGENE J. KEOGH was dramatized and made to appear that that ing necessary training to fighting people? was a party position when as a matter of Because , that is our real role over there. OF NEW YORK fact it wasn't. The Vietnamese picture an~ the Vietnamese IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Take for instance TVA. Actually what Army has to be kept in the very middle of Wednesday, February 10, 1965 was disclosed in the press didn't come from this situation all the time, and our best oper­ our candidate. Never said it in that fashion ation of course is to give them the best weap­ Mr. KEOGH. Mr. Speaker, under at all. It was speculating. But it didn't go ons possible and the best kind of training leave to extend my remarks in the REc­ for the rest of the party. I was here when in order to meet this jungle and guerrilla ORD, I include the following address by TVA was established. I was against it to warfare. begin with. You are not so naive, after more Mr. McBEE. Senator DIRKSEN, we have not Hon. Douglas Dillon, Secretary of the than 30 years in Washington. You know run out of subjects certainly but out of time. Treasury, at the 16th annual dinner of very well you couldn't dislodge TVA if you Thank you very much for being with us on the Brooklyn division of the Jewish Na­ wanted to. But just think of the impact of "Issues and Answers." tional Fund, held at the Hotel St. George, such a statement upon those who are wedded The ANNOUNCER. Our guest this week has Brooklyn, N.Y., on Sunday, January 31, to the idea of public power. And if I went been Senator EVERETT MCKINLEY DmKSEN, 1965: on, I would have the whole campaign laid Republican of Illinois, Senate minority leader. He was interviewed by ABC Diplo­ REMARKS BY THE HONORABLE DOUGLAS DILLON, out for you right like now. SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY Mr. ScALI. Senator, if we could just get matic Correspondent John Scali and ABC into the international area a bit more, as you Capital Hill Correspondent Keith McBee. I am indeed happy to be with you to­ well know, General de Gaulle let the United Next week at this same time "Issues and night-at the invitation of my ·good friend States have it in two specific areas this week Answers" will bring you the leading ladies Congressman EUGENE KEoGH-and to join in (a) he attacked the dollar as a medium of of the United Nations, with U.S. Ambassa­ celebrating the continued success of the Jew­ exchange and he suggested a conference to dor to the United Nations, Mrs. Marietta ish National Fund in its great and humani­ put the United Nations back on the track, Tree, Nicaraguan Ambassador to the United tarian work of transforming barren wastes of in his view, by including Red China in some Nations, Senora Hope des Somosa, and the land in Israel, into places green with trees, kind of discussion. Liberian Ambassador to the United Nations, where abundant crops can grow, and where How do you stand on those proposals? Mrs. Angieu Elizabeth Brooks. We hope men can settle and work and thrive. Senator DIRKSEN. Well, first of all it would you will be with us. The fruits of your good work are indeed appear to me that De Gaulle's gold proposals impressive. Since 1948, when the State of meet no favor anywhere with those who are Israel came into being, more than 100,000 expert in that field. Goodness knows I am acres of land have-through the efforts of no monetary expert. I was here when we Threat Posed to Our Gold Reserves your organization-been cleared, drained, passed the Gold Reserve Act in 1934. As I and prepared for cultivation. Over 70 mil­ recall, I voted against it. They said at that EXTENSION OF REMARKS lion trees have been planted to protect the time there were 13 people in this country soil from erosion and to enrich the land­ OF who knew all about money and I wasn't one scape. More than 1,700 kilometers of roads of them. So I played trump and I voted have been laid through terrain that is both against it. But just look at this picture HON. PAUL A. FINO OF NEW YORK mountainous and rocky. Today three-quar­ today. We have about four or five gold ters of a million people live on land leased mines more or less. We have one that is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES by the Jewish National Fund. a real producer. Tell me where in the world Wednesday, February 10, 1965 You have begun a program to reclaim the are you going to get the gold for gold cover barren and unsettled north central portion for deposits in the Federal Reserve System Mr. FINO. Mr. Speaker, I take issue of Israel and bring it within the mainstream and for the Federal Reserve notes? It is not with the President's rose-colored picture of Israel's growing economy. More particu­ fair. And we have to depend on the dollar. of our national financial position. The larly, this, the Brooklyn division of the JNF, And thank goodness that the rest of the threat posed to our gold reserves by is engaged in a $2 m1111on project-Kiryat world clings to that dollar because that is France and possibly Germany is very Brooklyn-to reclaim land next to the Jor­ the best piece of money there is in the world real. The gold drain will probably get danian bo~der in the north central portion today. worse, not better. Yet here we have the of Israel. I am sure that not long after its Mr. McBEE. General de Gaulle pretty much President, shrinking from the tough completion 3 years !rom now, Kiryat Brook­ must have anticipated the reaction to his measures needed to keep dollars at home. lyn, peopled with thousands of settlers, rich February 10, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 2599 in cultivated acreage and fruit trees, will and rejuvenate a Europe ravaged by war, and an average income of $2,000 or less. If this more than fulfill your hopes and justify your we can expect that in the future Europe could be raised just beyond $3,000-just over efforts. It will serve as a living testimonial wm assume more of the burden of helping the poverty line-their total annual income to the excellent support the work of the the underdeveloped countries of the world would be $7 billion higher. As they spent Jewish National Fund has always received pursue their own destinies in freedom and this money in the local grocery or clothing from its Brooklyn division-particularly economic well-being. store, and the local storeo\\ ner in his turn under e leadership of such men as State And at home we are just completing our spent this money, and the money was thus . Senator William Rosenblatt, your division fourth year of sustained economic Upsurge­ spent and respent throughout the economy, president; Mr. Isaiah 0. Zucker and Mr. the longest period of peacetime growth in it would lift the Nation's total annual out­ Morris Putter, the cochairman of the Kiryat our history. Since the start of the sixties, put by an estimated $14 billion a year­ Brooklyn project; and Mr. Henry Solomon, our total national output-measured in con­ with all the extra jobs, incomes, and profits the chairman of the board of the Brooklyn stant dollars--has grown by more than one­ that would mean. division. fifth. Jobs and incomes, profits and invest­ On economic, therefore, as well as human Your efforts, therefore, have done much ment have reached new highs with almost grounds, poverty exacts from all of us a and will do more to help the State of Israel monotonous regularity. And we have considerable price. And so does racial prej­ grow and prosper. I know that you are justly shielded these gains from the blight of in­ udice. Almost half of our nonwhite popu­ proud of your success-for it has not been flation by maintaining a record of price sta­ lation lives in poverty, as compared with 16 easy and the obstacles have been many. The bility unexcelled anywhere in the world. percent of our white population. Unem­ late President Kennedy once stated-and I To be sure, no one imagines that we have ployment fi~res tell much the same story. quote-that: conquered the business cycle, either for the Last year, for example, nonwhite workers had "Just as our own West has sustained prog­ time being or for all time. Nor can we more than twice the unemployment rate of ress against the Linpacts of serious farm de­ claim to have solved all our economic prob­ white workers. pressions, crop failures, credit crises, and lems, for we still have many. But we have Prejudice and poverty mean only limited droughts, so, too, Israel has had to exist on learned· over the past 4 years that recession educational opportunities for Negroes and narrow margins of survival, in a constant is not inevitable, and we have come to a new others. Because of limited educational op­ climate of hostility and outside danger. Yet confidence in our ability to keep the Ameri­ portunities and the color line drawn at far it has endured and its integrity remains un­ can economy moving in all kinds of weather. too many employment doors, Negroes and impaired, and this success can be in a large In short, we stand on economic ground firm others find themselves largely shunted off to measure attributed to the Jewish National enough for us to turn our attention-far lower paying semiskilled and unskilled jobs. Fund." more than ever before in our history-to And then, for the children of these Ameri­ It is indeed fitting that the JNF is now mounting a concentrated, reasoned and cans, begins the same vicious cycle in which honoring our great President's memory vigorous attack upon some of the acute so­ their parents were caught; for prejudice and through the establishment of the John F. cial problems too long obscured or ignored poverty will deprive them, too, of their full Kennedy Peace Forest near Jerusalem. in the life of our land. educational opportunities, and prejudice and Private efforts by citizen's groups such as Never have our prospects for success in inadequate education will limit them to low­ yours have been accompanied by our Gov­ that venture been brighter. For not only paying jobs. And caught in this vicious ernment's efforts to help the people of Israel have we an abundance of technical, social, cycle as well is the Nation's economy-for build a free and prosperous country. To and economic resources, but we have arrived, discrimination, as President Johnson has speak only of one current matter involving I think, at a new national resolve to translate said, costs this Nation nearly $20 billion a my own Treasury Department, delegations good intentions into practical and effective year, with all the jobs and incomes, profits from the United States and Israel reached action. We have arrived at a new under­ and investment, and untold opportunities, agreement last October on the substantive standing that in efforts of this kind suc­ that amount would mean. provisions of an income tax treaty to pro­ cess does not, and cannot, come all at once, In a report issued at the beginning of this mote trade between the two countries and to . but comes slowly, often grudgingly, and over month, the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai encourage U.S. private investment in Israel. long periods of time. In a word, we have B'rith said: This treaty provides, among other things, arrived at a new and dynamic realism in our "At the very threshold of the Great So­ that the United States will grant to its tax­ approach to the social problems confronting ciety looms a stubborn obstacle-the residue payers who invest in qualified enterprises in us--and, in so doing, we have abandoned of prejudice left by the long years of human Israel a tax credit equal to 7 percent of their any resort to sweeping, impractical panaceas slavery and se~egation. • • • What law capital investments in those enterprises. In as either substitutes for action or excuses for can do to outlaw discrimination, the biparti­ other respects as well, this treaty-which will inaction. As President Johnson's proposals san Civil Rights Act of 1964 has largely shortly, we hope, be ready for signature by well demonstrate, we have discovered that to done. • • • But the urgent task now is to both Governments and then for final ap­ be bold, we need not be rash~hat to be translate the law into realization. To that proval by the U.S. Senate and the Israel Par­ practical or prudent, we need not be timid. end it must be effectively enforced; it must liament-should serve as a decided spur to The list of problems in our society is long. be supplemented by enlightened community greater American private investment, and But in any such list, the three most crucial practices and attitudes." thus greater economic growth, in Israel. problems--those which underly and encom­ For, as the report goes on to say, "the I am hopeful that 1965 will see the formal pass all the rest-are poverty, prejudice, and demands of equality of opportunity are not signature and ratification of that treaty by ignorance. quite satisfied when the law opens the door both countries. I know that the year will In launching the war on poverty and in and says, 'All may now enter,' if some are bring continued success to your efforts to give leading the struggle for adoption of the made to carry on their backs the burden of new life to barren earth in Israel. Civil Rights Act last year, President John­ inherited poverty and educational depriva­ Here at home, 1965 promises to be among son helped awaken and arm the conscience of tion." the most fruitful in our history-a year in the Nation against poverty and prejudice as In any effort to wipe out poverty and which we make new beginnings toward re­ never before. All of us, I think, are be­ prejudice, there is no greater obstacle than claiming barren or blighted aspects in our coming more acutely aware of how impossi­ ignorance-no greater ally than education. own national life, toward creating that Amer­ ble it is to insulate ourselves behind a wall Two-thirds of those families whose bread­ ica of social well-being that we have long of unconcern-for in such matters, as events winner has had 8 years or less of school­ dreamed of and left too long unrealized, to­ have taught us, unconcern is complicity, and ing live in poverty. t[nemployment among ward the building of that Great Society to to ignore the injustices of poverty and preju­ young people in the 18 to 24 age group with which President Johnson has summoned the dice is to condone them. an eighth grade education or less is close Nation anew. As our moral vision is becoming sharper to 20 percent-more than three times the We have in recent decades met and mas­ and clearer, and our conscience more aroused, unemployment average for the Nation as a tered crises and challenges upon whose reso­ we are also beginning to see how deep and whole. Yet, to cite statistics such as these­ lution rested our future as a Nation and the pervading is the injury of poverty and preju­ as if the story they tell were not stark fate of the world. The great depression, the dice to our national life. We are beginning enough-is barely to suggest how huge and Second World War, the cold war-these have to understand how these evils rend, not only critical is the educational challenge that been all-encompassing problems whose so­ the moral and social fabric of our society, confronts the Nation today. For the costs lution has required our alert and undivided but its economic fabric as well. We are be­ of education are rising, ~nd our educational attention, our utmost energies, and all our ginning to become aware of how these evils resources-at all levels-are already sorely resources. But while, in certain crucial re­ impoverish the lives of all of us economically overburdened at a time when our young spects, the times are now more dangerous as well as morally. people are reaching school age in enormous than ever-for today we live always under the Thirty-five million Americans-one out of numbers and our society more and more de­ shadow of a nuclear cloud, as the Cuban every five citizens of the world's wealthiest mands skilled and trained talent. missile crisis taught us not so long ago-­ nation-live in poverty. They not only fail We are moving vigorously to meet this they are also more calm. to share adequately in the abundance en­ challenge. Already President Johnson has For we have learned to live with the cold joyed by the large majority of Americans, signed legislation giving education in the war, and to accept the burqens and pressures but they cannot contribute to our Nation's United States its largest forward stride since our Nation must bear as the leader of the life and growth as fully as other Americans. land-grant colleges were established almost free world. We have largely accomplished To put it purely in terms of dollars and a century ago. And in his education mes­ our freely chosen task of helping rebuild cents: Two-thirds of our poor families have sage just 3 weeks ago he presented a program 2600 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. SENATE February 10, ·1965 that, more perhaps than any in our history, dustry in light of existing and proposed leg­ Thus, there would be no wholesale locking would hasten that day in our land when abil­ islation. up of the timber resource from future use ity to learn, rather than ability to pay, will In the 881;h Congress a series of measures and management. be the sole standard of educational opportu­ were enacted which will have a far-reaching Congress 1s becoming more aware of and nity-when every child will have the oppor­ effect upon conservation and upon your in­ sensitive to the growing demand for outdoor tunity, in the President's words, "to get as dustry. These were the Wilderness Act, the recreation opportunities. For example, this much education as he has the ability to Land and Water Conservation Act, the Accel­ Congress will consider again a bill to eoordi­ take." erated Public Works Act, and the Economic nate recreation uses around Federal multiple The tasks, then, ahead of us are great, and Opportunity Act, or antipoverty program. purpose water resource projects. In his state so are the opportunities. Never has the vi­ They will have an effect on forestry in gen­ of the Union message, President Johnson in­ sion of that Great Society President Johnson eral, on timber resource management, and dicated that he would soon submit to Con­ has portrayed had better prospect of ap­ specifically on your activities in the pulp gress a Wild Rivers bill. There will be pro­ proaching so near to achievement. But how and paper industry. They earned for the posals to establish the Allegheny Parkway. in near it approached to achievement must de­ 88th Congress the term, "Conservation Con­ North Carolina and Georgia. I have intro­ pend not upon the efforts of Government gress." There is some good in all of these duced a bill to amend the Bankhead-Janes alone, but also upon th~ united efforts of laws and some bad in most of them, but Farm Tenant Act to permit local public private citizens, of States and localities, upon they are now law. groups to acquire lands for recreational de­ the personal efforts of every American, to help You can anticipate that there will be a velopment under rural redevelopment pro­ reclaim those aspects of our . national life prompt followup by the agencies of Govern­ grams. This is intended to provide addi­ laid waste by poverty, prejudice, ignorance, ment on all the tasks initiated by the new tional recreational opportunities in those and all other sources of needless human programs-the creation and expansion of areas where they now are limited. suffering. the national wilderness system, the program Bills will be considered which in essence Thus can we replenish the wellsprings of of recreation land and water acquisition and extend the soil bank program. However, I our country's greatness, and give new life to development, and the Job Corps program. think that Congress is going to take a long our land as the place beyond all others where For years to come, Congress will be passing look at the justification for a continuation men and men's hopes can flourish in all free­ on the recommendations of the Secretaries of these programs. dom and dignity and justice. of Agriculture and the Interior, and much Other proposed legislation of interest to will be done administratively. Congress will you includes bills directed at a growing prob­ have no voice other than through control of lem stemming from the misuse or overuse appropriations. · of pesticides. Some problem areas which will The Wilderness Act w111 have little direct be treated will be the coordination of pesti­ Congress.man Bob Sikes' Address to the influence on us here in the South. Under cide use by Federal agencies, research on the Southern Pulpwood Conservation Asso­ the Land and Water Conservation Fund Act, prevention of pesticide injury to fish and the Forest Service plans to acquire land in wildlife, establishment of standards for ciation, Atlanta, Ga., February 3, 1965 the South primarily for recreation purpqses. pesticides, control of related water pollution, It should be pointed out that the act does and grants :to the States for pesticide control. EXTENSION OF REMARKS not create additional Federal authority for In about 3¥2 years, Congress will receive the purchase of land. There are those who the report of the Public Land Law Review OF would seek wholesale purchases of forest land Commission, established in the last Con­ under this new legislation. But Congress gress. The Commission will be engaged in a HON. MASTON O'NEAL must be consulted and Congress, in this field, review of the policies applicable to the use, OF GEORGIA generally can be expected to go slow. management, and disposition of the public IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES There will be some impact on your activi­ domain lands of the United States. This ties as the result of the Job Corps provisions will touch on problems and policies of forest Wednesday, February 10, 1965 of the poverty program. I was an enthu- · management in public domains directly af­ Mr. O'NEAL of Georgia. Mr. Speak­ siastic supporter of the old Civilian Conser­ fecting you and affecting Government owner­ er, under leave to extend my remarks, I vation Corps of the 1930's, and subsequently ship of large holdings. I sponsored Youth Conservation Corps bills. Another study affecting timberland would wish to include a very interesting address My enthusiasm for this program was lessened deal with strip mine reclamation. A b111 has delivered by my good friend and col­ when it was presented to Congress as a part been reintroduced authorizing the Secretary league, ROBERT SIKES, of Florida, to the of the antipoverty program last year for I of the Interior to study strip and surface Southern Pulpwood Conservation Asso­ could envision wl).at might happen .if half mine operations to determine the best way ciation. This address was delivered in wild Harlem youths were moved to the South to attain restoration of desolate spoil banks Atlanta, Ga., on February 3, 1965, and to work in youth camps. Nevertheless, there with trees and grasses . . was well received by those present and are important needs in Federal forest, park, The problem of water pollution is slated and natural resourecs development which for further consideration by Congress. The widely reported by the Atlanta news conservation centers can help to meet. If Water Quality Act, which, in the last Con­ media. they are properly administered and if dis­ gress passed the Senate and was reported Even though the illustrious gentleman cipline is maintained, they will serve as use­ by the House Public Works Committee, has and outstanding Congressman BoB ful purpose. again passed the Senate. The legislation SIKES represents the fine State of Florida Now, let's pass on to the area of new legis­ would establish a Federal Water Pollution in our national Congress, it is with pride lation. A major administration bill is the Control Administration in .the Department that I remind the Members of the House Appalachian Regional Development Act. of Health, Education, and Welfare. The b111 This measure can be helpful to the forest includes procedures for the establishment that he is a native of Sylvester, Worth industry. It can also mean overcontrol. In of water quality standards applicable to in­ County, Ga., which is located in the Sec­ addition to providing for management of terstate waters, and it provides for strength- · ond District of Georgia, the district Appalachia's water resources, and the devel­ ening the enforcement measures of the which I so proudly represent in this opment of a broader transportation system Water Pollution Control Act. Water pollu­ body. in the region, the b111 has a specific provi­ tion is a growing problem. Historically, The address follows: sion related to Appalachia's.timber resources. control measures have largely been left. in Section 204 authorizes the establishment of the hands of the States. Efforts to tighten CONGRESSMAN BOB SIKES, ADDRESS TO THE private, nonprofit timber development or­ control and place it in Federal hands are SoUTHERN PULPWOOD CoNSERVATION Asso­ ganizations (TDO's) organized and operated gaining strength. CIATION, ATLA~TA, GA., FEBRUARY 3, 1965 under State law. The Secretary of Agricul­ I think it almost certain there wm be ad­ The Southern Pulpwood Conservation Asso- ture would be authorized to provide techni­ ditional Federal regulation on the use o! ciation has an enviable opportunity to be cal assistance to these organizations and water and over water and air pollution. We one of the prime movers in the great story through a loan program, provide up to one­ must face the fact that in a nation growing of the emerging industrial South. You are half o! their initial capital requirements. like ours, some of this is necessary. It can the producers of the raw material and the Obviously, this could become a wide open be administered with a minimum of inter­ processors of some Of our principal industrial program, and care must be exercised to keep ference if that is what Congress and the peo­ products. You reach into virtually every program sponsors from going overboard. ple insist upon. community in the South. You are the prin­ The Forest Service plans to step up all o! I am painting with a broad brush. I have. cipal economic support for a great many of its programs in the Appalachia area. not even mentioned some of the things in these communities. Yours is one of the most A number of proposed new national rec­ which you are most directly interested, and, important industries that we have. reation areas have been submitted to Con­ of course, I intend to do so. I have enjoyed personal association and gress for its approval, and there will be There probably are three principal buga­ warm friendship with many of you. I know others. A national recreation area can be boos which are of paramount concern to your your people; I know your industry; I know established only by act of Congress. Al­ members. One of these is the withdrawal of something of your problems. So, I welcome though such an area will be administered the 12-man exemption for logging and for­ this opportunity to talk with you about the primarily for recreation, compatible utiliza­ estry. This would bring the pulpwood pro­ present and the future of the pulpwood in- tion of other .resources is to be permitted. ducers .under the wage-hour law. February 10, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 2601 The Secretary of Labor made a specific There are other possible fields of legisla­ a highly important balance wheel. It point in his endorsement of the proposed tion. There has been discussion of subsidiz­ exercised restraint on some wild committee fair labor standards amendments in 1964 ing and price fixing of timber crops. I see actions in past years. to urge repeal of 13(a) (15) which exempts little likelihood of this. Yet, the Congress is the only voice the peo­ small logging operations involving not more There is a question among your members ple have in 'Government. Despite this fact, than 12 employees from the act's minimum about extensions in the timber price report­ it is constantly under attack. It is always wage and overtime provisions. The bill will ing program. This is a matter to be worked open season on the Congress. It is well to be reintroduced and there will be a vigorous out through your own group and the vari­ remember when the voice of Congress is effort by the Department of Labor, the Labor ous agencies of State and Federal govern­ stilled or muted, it is your voice in Govern­ Committees of Congress, and the unions, to ments which have an interest in it. Your ment that is lost. expand the wage-hour law to include these representatives in Congress can be helpful You can perform no greater service than to workers. by serving as intermediaries. No further help to strengthen that voice: You can The timber and pulpwood industries have legislation is indicated. strengthen it by working with the Congress been particularly concerned with this exemp­ On January 22, the secretary of Commerce to develop the programs which your industry tion. Attacks have been made upon it over proposed to reconstitute the American Lum­ needs. You can't do this by waiting to re­ the last several years, and each year the ber Standards Committee. There is a 30-day act for or against programs which Govern­ attacks are intensified. Operators state that period during which public comment will ment develops. Some Government programs if the 12-man exemption were removed small be received. After this, departmental action are good. Others are as wild as a March hare. sawmill operators and a very high percentage will be taken. You know the pros and cons Whether good or bad, it is getting to be a one­ of the pulpwood producers in the Southeast of this action better than I, but you cannot way street. There should be cooperative de­ would find compliance with the wage-hour ignore it. velopment between you, the people who work laws so difficult that most of them would be Generally, the legislation which concerns for you, the people who legi&late for you, and forced out of business. Obviously, a great you stems from the agencies of government. the people who administer your programs. many unskilled and semiskilled workers who Quite obviously there is in prospect a full The writers of the Constitution did not now make good wages would become unem­ and far-reaching set of legislative proposals. intend Congressmen to become errand boys, ployed. Some will help you; some will hurt you; but the exactitudes of the job are such that Last year as an entering wedge a proposal some could put you out of business. it is very easy for them to do just that. You was made to require the producer to certify Now let's be very candid with each other. can help your Congressman raise his job to• at the time he put his wood on the yard You asked me to project the future of leg­ the high level at which it was constituted, that it was produced at rates not less than islation affecting your industry. and he will welcome your help. He knows the minimum wage without regard to over­ Where did I go for my information? he should be first a legislator, an equal part­ time. This was successfully resisted, but I went to the committees of Congress and ner in the Government of the United States. it will be back. to the departments of government. When you undertake to participate realis­ If the 12-man exemption is removed, those tically in developing policy, you will some­ producers who benefit by it would obviously Why didn't I come to you? Certainly, no one is more expert in this times find yourselves spinning your wheels. be required to put a crew leader into the From your standpoint, the legislative outlook woods with each crew to keep the records field. You have to be expert to stay in it and to pay the bills. But you are not the now may be much less than favorable. A required by the Wage-Hour Act. This, of topheavy libe·ral majority in Congress has course, would add to the financial difficulties people who are making policy. . Policy should be a team effort. It should solid control of both branches. Committees of the producers. The principal sponsor of have been reorganized with liberals in com­ these changes know nothing of timber and be developed by industry, labor, and govern­ ment. It is not. Policy, more and more, is mand. Unquestionably, the new Congress pulpwood, or of southern industry-and can get out of hand. Elected in the main on couldn't care less. government devised and government di­ rected. The power of industry to influence L.B.J.'s coattails, there is only his restraining Another is a rewording of the capital gains hand to keep it in balance. taxes on timber sales. The timber industry policy is shrinking. So is that of Congress. In your field, you are fortunate in that one The President can get virtually anything would stand only to lose by repeal or modi­ he wants from Congress. The bigger prob­ fication of the provision. With increasing agency with which you deal, the Forest Serv­ ice, is dedicated to the conservation of natu­ lem will be to keep Congress from passing taxes, it is growing constantly more difficult more than he wants. Those of us who to own timber land and an adverse revision ral resources, recognizes your problems, and of the capital gains tax structure would prob­ in the main cooperates with you toward pursue a miQ.dle-of-the-road course very defi­ ably make it impossible. As you know, this sound objectives. But other agencies with nitely have our work cut out for us if the is under the jurisdiction of the House Ways which you deal are going to tighten the re­ legislative program is to be kept in reason. and Means Committee which has taken a strictions under which you operate every At this point, the 89th Congress looks like realistic approach in their studies of the time they have an opportunity. the most liberal one in history. Regrettably, problem. I am glad to state that the chair­ It is significant that most of my projec­ the small slap at Nasser doesn't indicate a man of that committee assures me they ex­ tions to you today on legislation came from trend toward conservation. It was because pect to continue to look realistically at the agencies of government-not from the com­ of Jewish resentment at the Arabs, reflected problem. mittees of Congress. Some of the com­ in votes from U.S. districts with large Jewish A third is the repeal of section 14(b) of mittees of Congress had no firm program communities. the Taft-Hartley Act. This section upholds to offer, not even for 1965. Now, I know it is But remember, pendulums always swing the right-to-work laws which are existent early in the year. This is a new Congress back. You have to start somewhere to be in many States. I do not consider it prop­ and a new administration, but the fact ready when the downward swing begins. If erly within the purview of the Federal Gov­ remains that little by little Congress is ceas­ history repeats, the next Congress will be ernment to strike down State constitutions ing to devlop policy. There should be a con­ less liberal than this one. Your program by legislative acts of the Federal Congress. tinuing program of policy development in should not wait for the next election. It As I recall it, there are 20 States, including congressional committees. These commit­ should be a part of the next election. my own, having such laws. But, if it hap­ tees are permanent except for a few changes Remember too, as your program is de­ pens, and if the courts uphold it-the latter in personnel at the bottom of the list. There veloped, the Nation is . not going to stand almost a foregone conclusion-it can be is a·lways a carryover of congressional com­ still. People who want something from Gov­ anticipated that your employees would soon mittee staff members. There should be con­ ernment will find a way to express them­ be subject to compulsory union status. stant analysis and programing of legislative selves. It is not enough just to want to be There will be emphasis in some quarters needs, but frequently there is not. Each year left alone. There is no way to be left alone on extending coverage of the wage-hours law is considered sufficient unto itself. Each in the complex modern world in which we to presently exempt employees-principally year most committees react to the urgency live. You have to fight for your pl'ace in in the service industries. There is pressure of the moment. the sun or you won't have one. There is to increase the minimum wage from $1.25 to Some people say that Congress is dying no better example of this than in your own $1.50 or even $2 per hour. There is also talk on the vine. The Constitution vested great fight to retain the 12-man exemption, and of reducing the maximum hours to be worked power in the Congress as an independent the present capital gains tax procedure. without overtime from 40 hours a week to member of the great triumvirate of govern­ These h1:1.ve been of such extreme impor­ as low as 32 hours per week. Shortening ment. But year after year, I see Congress tance to you that you have placed their pres­ the workweek presents obvious problems to relinquish bit~; and pieces of its power to the ervation among your principal objectives. industries which work on a 7-day-a-week President-and year after year it allows the Significantly, there are good supporting rea­ basis. There are some industries which find Supreme Court to usurp other powers. Just sons. As a result, you have been successful. it more costly to shut a plant down than to last year the Senate failed to follow House But the battle isn't over-it will be a con­ continue working the 40 hours per week, but leadership and strike down the Supreme Court's takeover of legislative apportion­ tinuing one. reducing the workweek below 40 hours could This, then, indicates that a policy of op­ bring unbearable hardship. ment processes. This year the House stripped Of these only the capital gains question its Rules Committe of virtually all power­ position is not sufficient in today's world. is dormant. There will be vigorous effort and gave tha:t power to the Speaker. Since It has to be a forward-moving policy and a from the Department of Labor and in the the Speaker supports administration policies, sound one if it is to survive the conflicting committees of Congress to bring about the this is about the same as giving it to the pressures it will encounter. But you have enactment of the other two. President. The Rules Committee has been to get in the swim. 2602 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE February 10, 1965 I told the Florida Chapter of AMA some I learned of the passing of one of the think there will be general interest in years ago their organization was getting greatest friends the United States ever my statement today on section 6 of this nowhere with a policy of just plain opposi­ had, and I am proud to say also one of bill, as follows: tion to medicare. There was a time when they could have taken the ball and scored my closest friends, the Honorable Joaquin A SERious GAP IN OuR LAws--BUT JusT on some realistic health alternative program Elizalde. "Mike" as he was affectionately ONE OF MANY which would adequately help the needy. known to his many friends, was the first (Testimony by Congresswoman LEoNOR K. Now, it is too late; Their voice is now scarce­ Ambassador of the Philippines to the SuLLIVAN before House Committee on In­ ly heard in the centers of government. United States and served in that capacity terstate and Foreign Commerce on legis­ No, opposition isn't enough. There has from 1946 to 1952. Prior to that time lation to tighten controls over habit-form­ to be a logical program. That doesn't mean however, he was Resident Commissioner ing depressant and stimulant drugs, your program has to outspend the Govern­ of the Philippines from 1938 to 1944. Wednesday, February 10, 1965) ment's program. It must. be a workable Chairman HARRIS and members of the program which is sufficiently progressive to I got to know Mike when I first came committee, I appreciate this opportunity to offer Congress an alternative and to attract to Washington in 1946 and was assigned appear before you this morning. The legis­ support. It should be a compendium of the to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. I lation you are considering is of vital impor­ views of industry, labor, Congress, and gov­ knew of no man who fought for his tance--vital in the literal sense that our ernment. It must reflect a cross section of people, nor was a more firm defender of lives are in danger from the continued wide­ viewpoints, or it will be labeled a parochial his people than Mike Elizalde. By the spread illicit traffic in barbiturates, amphet­ approach. That means some give and take. same token he was a most kind and con­ amines, and the related central nervous You won't be able to dominate, and that you siderate and compassionate man. system depressant or stimulant drugs. We already know, but you can avoid being domi­ know that many of the head-on crashes on nated. My thoughts are with his widow and our superhighways--where a car or truck Expressed very simply, it is most important children at this time but I am sure they will suddenly careen across the median strip that sound, constructive programs of in­ will be sustained by the memory of a and plow into a car going the other direc­ formation be directed both to Congress and truly great man who will long be re­ tion, wiping out entire families-can be to the people so that they may have access to membered in the history of his country. attributed to more than just fatigue on the • comprehensive information on which to part of one of the drivers. As the work of make intelligent decisions based on fact. the Food and Drug Administration has dem­ Everybody else is doing this-some of them onstrated, illicit sales of the so-called pep very effectively. pills at highway stops are so common that I have covered a wide area. I have dis­ Handy-Dandy Little Suicide Kits and Do­ the use of such drugs constitutes a real and cussed many things. We are entering whs.t lt-Yourself Instruments of Mental Ill­ present danger to everyone· who ventures may be a period of great change. The re­ out on a highway. sponsib1lities of the citizen to his country ness The barbiturates and the amphetamines and to his government have not changed. serve very useful medical purposes when Our country and our Government are no bet­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS properly used, and nothing in this legisla­ ter or no worse than the people who make tion, of course, would interfere with the doc­ it up. It may very well be true that at no OF tor's freedom of action in prescribing such time in the history of mankind has it been drugs or with the patient's opportunity to more important for people who love and HON. LEONOR K. SULLIVAN buy them through legitimate channels. But cherish the true blessings of democracy to OF MISSOURI when the Commissioner of the Food and determine to protect those blessings. You, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Drug Administration testified-as he did be­ more than most, can help. fore this committee--that probably one-half Perhaps it is best expressed in a thing Wednesday, February 10, 1965 of the 9 billion doses of barbiturates and called patriotism-belief in America. Some Mrs. SULLIVAN. Mr. Speaker, on amphetamines manufactured in this coun­ people think patriotism is going out of style January 26, in the CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD try in 1962 ended up on the bootleg market, in this country-along with prayer in the then, Mr. Chairman, we are compelled by our schools. To many, the Fourth of July is just beginning at page 1341, I described the responsibilities as Members of Congress to another day when they don't have to work. need for far-reaching changes in the wipe out this bootlegging of pills which are I recall a night some months ago in Wash­ Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938, as major causes of highway homicide, which ington at a typical Washington banquet with proposed in H.R. 1235, an omnibus bill also serve as handy-dandy little suicide kits, too many speeches and too much smoke in to rewrite the 27-year-old law. and do-it-yourself instruments of mental the air. The hour was late and the guests Today, I had the opportunity to ap­ illness and delinquency among youth. were tired. Then as a final event, a Navy Of course, you are not going to wipe out all choral team appeared, and in song and word pear before the House Committee on In­ traffic in instruments of homicide and suicide they told the story of Americar-of its hum­ terstate and Foreign Commerce to tes­ and crime no matter what kind of legisla­ ble beginning as a haven for the oppressed tify on one phase of this broad subject, tion you pass, but I want to point out-be­ and a land of opportunity for all. They told the control of tramc in barbiturates, fore someone raises the question of firearms how people who believed in this country and amphetamines, and related habit-form­ regulation and we get into a long and emo­ who loved it, worked for it, fought for it, ing stimulant or depressant drugs. Un­ tional controversy on a completely different and died for it, to make it the great land der the chairmanship of the gentleman issue--there is nothing in the first amend­ that we have inherited. from Arkansas, the Honorable OREN ment about the right of the public to buy And when they had finished, that great any kind of poison they want to. In fact, we crowd was no longer tired or bored. They HARRIS, the committee has been holding have many laws-including the Food, Drug, were thrilled and electrified at a glimpse of extremely interesting hearings on H.R. and Cosmetic Act-which severely restrict a thing called patriotism; it is the lifeblood 2, Chairman HARRIS' bill to deal with the the manufacture, distribution and sale, of of any land. If we keep, truly keep, our problem of bootlegging and illicit dis­ unsafe products in commerce, and we have patriotism throughout this land, we will tribution of the so-called pep pills and other laws which prohibit the illegal posses­ not lose its traditions or its greatness. Let's goofballs and bennies and other non­ sion of narcotics regardless of whether they not lose our patriotism; let's not lose our narcotic dangerous drugs. moved in interstate commerce. belief in America for this is indeed a decade We must stop the illegal traffic in nonnar­ of challenge. It may be a challenge for the PLEA FOR EXPANDED HEARINGS cotic drugs which are frequent substitutes survival of our Nation. In my testimony, I cited the provisions for narcotics and which when abused are of section 6 of H.R. 1235 as being, in a habit forming and dangerous not just to the number of major respects, more effec­ user but to the public. The legislation be­ fore you wm go far toward accompllshing that tive than H.R. 2 in meeting the problem purpose. It prohibits unauthorized posses­ Hon. Joaquin "Mike" Elizal~e of these dangerous drugs. But my state­ sion of the pills, permits surveillance of all ment went beyond that to urge that the stages of production and distribution, andes­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS hearings on H.R. 2 be expanded for the tablishes criminal penalties for violators, particularly for sales to youths. OF purpose of going into the entire Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and rewriting STRONGER PROVISIONS IN H.R. 1235 HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE all of its obsolete sections and adding Commissioner Larrick pointed out in his OF TEXAS new sections to meet new circumstances. testimony certain changes which he would IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Because of the widespread interest recommend in H.R. 2, the bill introduced by among consumers and among consumer­ Chairman HARRIS. Mr. Chairman, I would Wednesday, February 10, 1965 like to point out that one of the sections of minded Members of the House in the H.R. 1235, my omnibus bill to rewrite the Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, issues I discussed in my statement in the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938, con­ it is with great sadness and sorrow that CoNGRESSIONAL RECORD on January 26, I tains all of the provisions of H.R. 2 on con- February 10, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 2603 trol of the dangerous and habit-forming de­ in cosmetics. In 1962, under circumstances be virulently dangerous just so long as the pressant and stimulant drugs, and, in the I do not have to recall for this committee-­ label points out they may not be safe for respects cited by the Food and Drug Admin­ which worked a legislative miracle in getting some people to use) . istration, also contains language covering the legislation through under tremendous 3. Worthless dietary foods, another major most of the points raised by Mr. Larrick. difficulties-we closed the major loopholes in source of defrauding the elderly and ill. For instance, my bill permits seizure of the clearance of prescription drugs following 4. Factory inspection for foods, nonpre­ any drugs for which there are not proper the thalidomide disclosures, but once again scription drugs and cosmetics-the same records as required under the proposed law. we did nothing about cosmetics, or barbitu­ loopholes in these fields which we closed for There are safeguards in the bill to protect rates and amphetamines, or therapeutic de­ prescription drugs in the Kefauver-Harris legitimate manufacturers, wholesalers, and vices or any of the other major loopholes in Act of 1962. retailers, of course, but the burden of proof the basic act which the Secretary of Health, 5. Deceptive labeling and packaging: The would be placed upon them to prove legal Education, and Welfare and the Commis­ public is really becoming aroused over the ownership of any drugs for which they failed sioner of FDA have repeatedly deplored. I tricks which can be perpetrated under pres­ to keep proper records. Under such tight included these things in my omnibus bill as ent law. I firmly believe that if we do not restrictions, I cannot imagine half of the an­ long ago as 1961. The chairman of this solve this problem through the noncontro­ nual production of 9 billion doses disappear­ committee also proposed many of these versial features of section 2 of H.R. 1235, you ing out of legitimate trade channels. things in legislation he also introduced in will soon be faced with tremendous demand · H.R. 2 would extend to Food and Drug of­ the 87th Congress. for much more stringent regulation. ficials the right to carry firearms under cer­ I introduced an omnibus bill in 1961 after 6. Cautionary labeling of foods, drugs, tain circumstances in the administration of having introduced separate bills on eosmet­ and cosmetics-now exempt under the Haz­ this new section of the Food, Drug, and Cos­ ics in four previous Congresses, when I be­ ardous Substances Labeling Act so that no metic Act. H.R. 1235 would go further, as came convinced we were proceeding too information need be supplied on possible Commissioner Larrick urged, and give such slowly by taking up only one phase of the dangerous uses or misapplications, or on first officials the powers not only to execute and Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in each 2-year aid steps to be followed in case of mishap serve arrest warrants, and execute seizure by term of Congress. This is our basic con­ or accidental ingestion, particularly by chil- process issued pursuant to libel, but also to-- sumer protection statute. It is 27 years old. dren. · (a) Make arrests without warrant for of­ Many provisions of it are obsolete. Some There are many other changes in the basic fenses under this legislation "if the offense sections were bad 27 years ago, and are Food, Drug, a!ld Cosmetic. Act of 1938 called is committed in the officer's or employee's worse today. Yet we have approached this for by H.R. 1235, including a proposed ban presence or if he has probable cause to be­ vast problem a nibble at a time, a Congress on interstate commerce in flavored or sweet­ lieve that the person so arrested has commit­ at a time, even conceding· that some of the ened aspirin, a major cause of accidental ted, or is committing, such offenses"; acts which you have sponsored in these past poisoning of children under 5. In extending (b) Make, prior to institution of libel pro­ 10 years, Mr. Chairman, have been very im­ my remarks, I will list all of these provisions. ceedings, "seizure of drugs, containers, or portant and very sizable bites indeed. But But for right now, I fervently ask that you conveyances if such drugs, containers or con­ we haven't ever done since 1938 the kind of expand your hearings on H.R. 2 to include all veyances are, or if he has reasonable grounds job done by this committee 27 years ago-­ phases of the act, and give our consumers to believe that they are, subject to seizure that is, take a good, hard look at the entire the first real top-to-bottom review in 27 and condemnation" under the law, provided act on foods, drugs, and cosmetics, and weed years of the many deficiencies in this statute. however that libel proceedings be instituted out the obsolete portions and replace them immediately thereafter. with effective provisions which truly protect Mr. Chairman, these are very strong pow­ the consumer in today's economy rather ers, but they are not excessive; they are than that of 27 years ago, when technology H.R. 3784 similar to the powers now held by alcohol tax and marketing were far different. agents and by narcotic agents. In the case of habit-forming dangerous drugs so widely MAY BE ONLY CHANCE TO AMEND ACT IN THIS EXTENSION OF REMARKS CONGRESS bootlegged, we are dealing with criminal syn­ OF dicates and hoodlums. Without such pow­ In my remarks in the CONGRESSIONAL ers, the evidence can quickly disappear be­ RECORD on January 26, I spelled out these HON. PHILLIP BURTON necessary and long-overdue changes, as called fore warrants and libels can be issued. OF CALIFORNIA for in H.R. 1235. In that statement, I went FOOD, DRUG, AND COSMETIC ACT NEEDS MAJOR IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OVERHAUL into detail on all of the provisions of my omnibus bill, and the reasons why the health Wednesday, February 10, 1965 My purpose in coming here this morning is and safety of the public, and the interests of not just to suggest the substitution of the all consumers, require passage of an omnibus Mr. BURTON of California. Mr. stronger provisions of section 6 of H.R. 1235 bill such as H.R. 1235, rather thari another Speaker, in late 1964, after the adjourn­ for H.R. 2, as a tighter bill and more in­ piecemeal approach as in H.R. 2. ment of the 88th Congress, three wit­ clusive in fighting bootlegging of these dan­ My plea is this: Please extend the scope of gerous drugs. I am even more brash than nesses were summoned before a subcom­ these hearings to include all phases of the mittee of the House Committee on Un­ that. Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act requiring im­ Mr. Chairman, I first introduced this bar­ provement and amendment. You have made American Activities in secret session. biturate-amphetamine control legislation a fine, early start in this Congress on a most They were called because of their efforts more than 4 years ago, so I am very anxious important aspect of the problem. But I am in 1963 to persuade the State Department to see such legislation become law. I know fearful that if we pass H.R. 2 by itself, that and the Attorney General to grant an en­ that the chairman of the committee has may be the only part of the Food, Drug, and try permit to Professor Yasui, a Japanese also been a sponsor of such legislation for a Cosmetic Act we can get to in this Congress. law professor, who had applied for-and number of years. But we both recognize-­ For I am mindful of the heavy legislative and I hope all of the members of the com­ subsequently received-permission to responsibilities of this committee in so many come to the United States on a speaking mittee also recognize--that the situation other fields-transportation, aviation, natu­ with regard to these dangerous mind-affect­ ral gas, power, the Public Health Service pro­ tour. The alleged purpose of the sub­ ing drugs, while very serious, is .only one of gram, railroad retirement, communications, committee was the investigation of the a whole series of important problems which the Securities and Exchange Commission and enforcement of the Immigration and Na­ now exist in the administration of effective the .other regulatory agencies, and the fact tionality Act of 1952, particularly the food, drug, and cosmetic regulation. that once you put this one aspect of the Food, provision <8 U.S.C. 1182(d) (3)) which We have put a lot of blowout patches on Drug, and Cosmetic Act behind you, the press the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 over empowers the Secretary of State and the of hearings on other issues may make it im­ Attorney General in their discretion to the years, but the act itself needs a major possible to go back to this subject. At the overhaul. Instead, we have usually taken pace which has been followed in the past, it authorize the admission of aliens who up one issue at a time, one Congress at a may be years before we can complete action might otherwise be inadmissible. These time. In 1954, we passed the bill on pesti­ on such major loopholes in the law as those three witnesses were two women, Dagmar cides, but nothing was done on cosmetics, or applying to: Wilson and Donna Allen, leaders, respec­ on food additives, or about other glaring 1. Therapeutic devices, which can be mar­ tively, of the Women Strike for Peace and gaps in the law. In 1958, we passed a Food keted today without proof of safety and with­ the Women's International League for Additives Act, but again did nothing about out proof of effectiveness and which, in many cosmetics safety, or any of the other defi­ Peace and Freedom, and Russell Nixon, instances, are tools for the victimization of general manager of the National Guard­ ciencies in the act. In 1960, when the lipstick the elderly and sick, as Senator WILLIAMs' makers came rushing in for help, we quickly Committee on the Aging reported just last ian, a weekly newspaper which was the passed the Color Additives Act, requiring chief sponsor of Professor Yasui's speak­ that all coloring matter in foods, drugs, or week. 2. Cosmetics, which can also be marketed ing tour. cosmetics (except hair dye colors) be proved The role these witnesses played in con­ safe before being used, but to this day we without prior clearance for safety, except in­ have done not a single thing to assure the sofar as the coloring matter is concerned nection with the admission of Professor pretesting for safety of any other ingredient (and in the case of hair dyes, the colors can Yasu1 amounted to nothing more than 2604 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE February 10, 1965 the exercise of their constitutional rights Justice has since had an indictment committee with new members to replace as American citizens to appear before an returned against these witnesses charg­ those not elected at the polls? authorized representative of the State ing them with contempt of Congress. Roger Adams was born in Boston, in the Washington Post--December 28, ing from the action taken in the closing Mass., in 1889 and studied at Harvard Uni­ page A10: days of the 88th Congress against these versity, receiving his A.B. in 1910, and his Ordinarily, if the House of Representatives three witnesses. Certainly if witnesses Ph. D. in 1912 from that institution. Since were in session, it would have a chance to are to be prosecuted for contempt, it 1916 he has been associated with the Uni­ protect itself against this sort of abuse of should only be as the result of a vote of versity of Illinois where he is presently a power wielded in its name. the whole House, not just nine Members, professor of chemistry, emeritus. Dr. Adams has received innumerable honors including However, the fact that the committee three of whom did not even return to ask the American Chemical Society's Willard took advantage of the recess should not Congress. I all of my colleagues to Gibbs Medal in 1936 and its Priestly Medal prevent the Congress from acting now. study this matter and to support H.R. in 1946. Since the period of the First World Since the onus of the committee's action 3784. War he has been a leading figure in organic falls upon the House as a whole, the chemistry and during most of that period he House is entitled to an opportunity to was the one recognized leader in the field. The National Medal of Science He earned this place of honor not only be­ deliberate upon and judge the matter. cause of his numerous and distinguished Fifth. The case calls for review by the contributions to organic chemistry but also House for other reasons as well. Prob­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS for his devotion to science and scientists ably no other committee of Congress OF active in the field. Dr. Adams' citation reads: would have acted as did the Committee "For superb contributions as a . scientist, on Un-American Activities here by rush­ HON .. GEORGE P. MILLER teacher, and imaginative le·ader in further­ ing through a citation for contempt in OF CALIFORNIA ing the constructive interaction of academic the closing days of the life of the 88th IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and industrial scientists." Congress. It is a fair inference from the Dr. Othmar Herman Ammann was born in Wednesday, February 10, 1965 Schaffhausen, Switzerland, in 1879 and re­ manner in which the committee con­ Mr. MILLER. Mr. Speaker, along ceived his formal education at the Swiss ducted itself that the action was taken Federal Institute of Technology. He is pres­ not to vindicate a congressional need to with several of my colleagues in the ently a consulting engineer and partner in secure information for a legitimate leg­ House of Representatives, I had the hon­ the firm Ammann & Whitney in New York islative purJ)ose but rather because the or of being at the White House on Feb­ City. Dr. Ammann's professional career committee disapproved of the action of ruary 8, 1965, for the presentation of the spans nearly 60 years and is permanently re­ these witnesses in exercising their con­ National Medal of Science to distin­ corded in the great bridges whose beauty and stitutional rights in petitioning the Gov­ guished recipients of this honor for the utility are the product of his bold and imag­ year 1964. inative design. Such bridges include the ernment to permit Professor Yasui to Queensboro Bridge, Goethals Bridge, and enter the country. The committee ap­ The National Medal of Science was es­ George Washington Bridge. His latest and parently believes that it was wrong to tablished by the 86th Congress to be greatest achievement is the Verrazano Bridge permit Professor Yasui to come into and awarded by the President to individuals in New York which had opened late in address audiences in this country. It "who in his judgment are deserving of November. In all of his work Dr. Ammann may have been annoyed by the fact that special recognition by reason of their has been responsive to the needs of the com­ the State Department and the Attorney outstanding contributions to knowledge munity and sensitive to aesthetic value as General agreed with these private citi­ in the physical, biological, mathematical, well as function. Dr. Ammann's citation reads: "For a half century of distinguished zens and not with the committee-we or engineering sciences." The a wards leadership in the design of great bridges presume that the State Department and are made on the basis of recommenda­ which combine beauty and utility with bold the Attorney General were not endorsing tions received from the President's Com­ engineering concept and method." the views of Professor Yasui but were mittee on the National Medal of Science. Dr. Theodoslus Dobzhansky was born in instead endorsing the traditional Ameri­ The members of the President's Commit­ Nemirov, Russia, in 1900. He received his can view that American citizens have the tee are: Dr. Frank Brink, Jr., chairman diplomate degree from the University of Kiev right to hear and discuss any lawful of the Rockefeller Institute; Prof. Hans in 1921, following which he was associated ideas. A. Bethe of Cornell University; Dean with the University of Kiev and the Uni­ versity of Leningrad. In 1927 he came to the The fact is that the Immigration and Gordon S. Brown, School of Engineering, United States, becoming a naturalized citizen Nationality Act was properly adminis­ Massachusetts Institute of Technology; in 1937. Since 1927 he has been a member of tered by these agencies, and that the Prof. Herbert E. Carter of the University the faculty at the California Institute of appropriate congressional committee had of Illinois; Dean Kenneth E. Clark, Col­ Technology, Columbia University, and is now no objection to the manner in which the lege of Arts and Science, University of a professor and member of the Rockefeller act was applied. Obviously the admis­ Rochester; Dr. Sterling B. Hendricks of Institute in New York City. For a period of nearly 50 years Dr. Dobzhansky has been sion of Professor Yasui called for no the U.S. Department of Agriculture; Dr. probably the world leader in experimental corrective legislation or action by Con­ J. Herbert Hollomon, Assistant Secretary population genetics and its application to gress. of Commerce for Science and and Tech­ the problem of evolution. Dr. Dobzhansky's Disapproval, disagreement, and/or an­ nology; Dean Frederick C. Lindvall, di­ citation reads: "For fundamental studies of noyance with the actions of these three vision of engineering, California Insti­ the genetic determinants of organ evolution witnesses and the Departments of Justice tute of Technology; Dr. Walsh McDer­ and for penetrating analysis of the genetic and State in connection with the Yasui mott of the Cornell Medical Center; Prof. and cultural evolution of man." to Roger Revelle of the Harvard School of Dr. Charles Stark Draper was born in visit our country certainly do not pro­ Windsor, Mo., in 1901 and received his B.A. vide any proper basis for Un-American Public Health; Prof. Frederick Seitz, degree in psychology from Stanford Univer­ Activities Committee's action in this case. president of the National Academy of sity in 1919. Since 1922 he has been asso­ And it appears to me that nothing more Sciences; and Prof. Albert W. Tucker of ciated with the Massachusetts Institute of or less than this is involved in this con­ Princeton University. Technology and has three degrees from tempt citation. In 1962 Theodore von Karman was the MIT-a B.S. in 1926, an M.A. in 1928, and an Sc. D. in physics in 1938. He is currently There is no reason for Congress as a first recipient of the medal and in 1963 head of the Department of Aeronautics and whole to ·condone this conduct or even President Johnson awarded the National Astronautics and has been the director since worse to permit its authority and its Medal of Science to Luis W. Alvarez, 1939 of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, power to be employed in this unwar­ Vannevar Bush, John R. Pierce, Cornells a laboratory which. has been devoted to de­ ranted fashion. B. van Niel, and Norbert Wiener. vising guidance, navigation, and control sys­ For these reasons, I have introduced The 1964 honorees are Roger Adams, tems for airplanes, missiles, ships, satellites, and spacecraft. At the present time, devel­ H.R. 3784 which has been referred to the Othmar H. Ammann, Theodosius Dobz­ opments made u·nder Dr. Draper's supervision House Judiciary Committee. The bill has hansky, Charles S. Draper, Solomon Lef­ are in wide use by both the Air Force and two purposes: First, it provides that in schetz, Neal E. Miller, Martson Morse, Navy. Dr. Draper is also responsible for an the future no prosecution for contempt Marshall W. Nirenberg, Julian Schwin­ extended curriculum of courses in the fields will be authorized unless the whole House ger, Harold C. Urey, and Robert B. Wood- of instrument engineering and fire control. • 2606 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE February 10, 1965 Dr. Draper's ·citation reads: "For innumer­ Institute. Dr. Nirenberg's work has made theses of strychnine, reserpine, lysergic acid, able imaginative engineering achievements possible direct experimental evaluation of the and chlorophyll." which met urgent national needs of instru­ chemical processes of the genetic code. This mentation, control, and guidance in aero­ work has illuminated the way in which, ge­ At the ceremony in the East Room of nautics and astronautics." netic information is coded into the nucleic the White House, President Lyndon B. Dr. Solomon Lefschetz was born in Moscow, acids and used to direct the incorporation of Johnson was introduced by Dr. Fred­ Russia, in 1884 and received his early train­ specific amino acids into proteins. Dr. erick Seitz, President of the National ing in engineering in Paris. Coming to this Nirenberg's citation reads: "For studies of Academy of Sciences. Dr. Seitz' intro­ country shortly after the turn of the cen­ the genetic control of protein synthesis and, ductory remarks and those of our Presi­ tury, Dr. Lefschetz was awarded his Ph. D. in particular, for deciphering the chemical dent follow: degree from Clark University in 1911 and was code relating nucleic acid structures to pro­ subsequently a member of the faculty at tein structures." Dr. SEITZ. Thank you, Dr. Hornig. In 1959, the University of Nebraska and the Univer­ Dr. Julian Schwinger was born in New York the Congress of the United States established sity of Kansas. In 1924 he joined the faculty City in 1918 and received his B.A. degree in the National Medal of Science for creative at Princeton University where he is professor 1936 and Ph. D. in 1939 from Columbia Uni­ achievement and leadership in science. emeritus of mathematics. He has also di­ versity. He has been associated with the They indicated that the awards were to be rected research in mathematics at the Re­ University of California, Purdue University, given in four specific areas: mathematical, search Institute for Advanced Studies and and during the World War II was a member biological, physical, and engineering sciences. now heads a research group at Brown Uni­ of the staff of the radiation laboratory at They also specified that the Awards Com­ versity. Dr. Lefschetz opened up the field Massachusetts Institute of Technology. mittee was to be created by the President of algebraic topology which he and his stu­ Since 1945 he has been at Harvard becoming of the United States, as composed in his dents have pushed to the forefront of cur­ a professor of physics there in 1947. Dr. judgment. rent spectacular progress in pure mathe­ Schwinger's main work has been involved 'in The Awards Committee is now in its fourth matics He has done outstanding work in fundamental problems of field theory and year. In these 4 years it has given the awards algebraic geometry and in more recent years particle physics. He has given the most on two previous occasions. In the first year, has directed research in the applied area of thorough foundation to modern field theory 1 award was given; in the second, 7; nonlinear differential equations. Dr. Lef­ and is n ow active in finding new principles and on this occasion it is the honor of the schetz's citation reads: "For indomitable for bringing order into the multitude of fun­ Committee to give 11 awards. I should state leadership in developing mathematics and damental particles. Dr. Schwinger has also that the maximum number permitted in the training mathematicians, for fundamental contributed to other fields of physics inclu d­ original law is 20. publications in algebraic geometry and ing scattering theory and electrodynam ics. I had the honor to be chairman of the first topology, and for stimulating needed re­ Dr. Schwinger's citation reads: "For profound Awards Committee, and Dr. Frank Brink search in nonlinear control processes." work on the fundamental problems of quan­ should have been with you today. But as Dr. Neal Elgar Miller was born in Mil­ tum field theory, and for many-brilliant con­ Dr. Hornig stated, factors beyond his con­ waukee, Wis., in 1909 and received his B.S. tributions to and lucid expositions of nuclear trol kept him from occupying this position degree from the University of Washington, physics and electrodynamics." at this time. his M.A. degree from Stanford University and Dr. Harold Clayton Urey was born in The Committee looks into many sources his Ph. D. degree from Yale in 1935. He is Walkerton, Ind., in 1893 and received his B.S. in selecting the award. It examines pro­ presently Angell professor of psychology at degree from the University of Montana in fessional recommendations, recommenda­ Yale. Dr. Miller is primarily known for his 1917, and his Ph. D. in chemistry from the tions of the great societies and academies of work whioh has resulted in a greatly im­ U~iversity of California in 1923. In 1929 our country and, of course, seeks the opin­ proved understanding of motivational fac­ Dr. Urey became associated with Columbia ions of outstanding individuals. tors as they influence learning and behavior. University and it was wh.ile there that he His early contributions to the understand­ We shall now have the honor of hearing developed techniques which led him to the from the President of the United States. Mr. ing of frustration and aggression, and mo­ discovery of the heavy isotope of hydrogen, tivation and learning are classics. In more President. called deuterium. For this discovery Dr: The PRESIDENT. Thank you, Doctor. This recent years Dr. Miller has been interested Urey received the Nobel Prize in 1934. After in the field of motivation from the physi­ house is greatly honored today by the pres­ World War II he became interested in the ence of this brilliant company. ological standpoint and has developed new study of the earth and solar system and has techniques of intracranial stimulation and All the Nation is honored by these dls­ contributed greatly to the science of plane­ tinguished men on whom we come to confer chemical injection to study the role which tary and meteoritic chemistry. In 1945 he certain centers of the brain play in affecting joined the chemistry department at the Uni­ oilr highest award for their work-the Na· responses to different reinforcements. Dr. versity of Chicago, and since 1958 has been tiona! Medal of Science. Miller's citation reads: "For sustained and professor at large, University of California As explorers, discoverers and teachers, these imaginative research on principles of learn­ (San Diego). By measuring the ratio of 11 Americans have enlarged the horizons of ing and motivation and illuminating be­ oxygen isotopes in fossil shells, Dr. Urey our times and we are very proud to recognize havioral analysis of the effects of direct elec­ has been a;ble to determine the temperatures the contributions they have made with their trical stimulation of the brain." of ancient seas. He has applied his knowl­ useful lives. Dr. Marston Morse was born in Waterville, edge of physical chemistry and chemical In a broader sense, our recognition of them Maine, in 1892 and received his early educa­ thermodynamics to elucidate the birth and is acknowledgment of our pride in and our tion at Colby College. In 1915 he was early history of the earth, moon, planets, and respect for the role and works of all our awarded an M.A. degree from Harvard and meteorites of our solar system and to de­ community of science in America. in 1917 his Ph. D. from that same institu­ termine the conditions under which life Within the lifetime of us all, it has been tion. Dr. Morse subsequently served on the could have originated on earth. Dr. Urey's widely held that America could apply the staffs of Cornell University and Brown Uni­ citation reads: "For outstanding contribu­ knowledge and concepts of science in other versity before returning to Harvard in 1926. tions to our understanding of the origin and lands--but that we could not replenish the In 1935 he accepted a professorship at the evolution of the solar system and the origin knowledge or enlarge the understanding of Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, of life on earth and for pioneering work in ourselves. N.J., where he has remained until the present the application of isotopes to the determi­ Today, I think that view has changed some­ time. Dr. Morse is well known for his work nation of the temperatures of ancient what. in topology and today some of the world's oceans." We have attained positions of world leader­ ablest young mathematicians are refining and Dr. Robert Burns Woodward was born in ship in most branches of science. Our sci­ extending theories developed by him, as a 1917 in Boston, Mass., and received his B.S. ence is marked by quality as well as quan­ basic part of the new field of differential degree from Massachusetts Institute of Tech­ tity. Over the past 10 years, one-half of topology. Dr. Morse's citation reads: "For nology in 1936 and his Ph. D. from tha~ same the Nobel Prizes in chemistry, physics, and extraordinary achievement in creating ana­ institution in 1937. Since that time he has medicine have been awarded to Americans. lytic theories in the large, for statesmanship been associated with Harvard University The work of those receiving the Medals of in the world of mathematics, and for distin­ where he is presently Donner professor of Science speaks further of the quality of our guished service to his country in war and science. Dr. Woodward's research has re­ science. peace." sulted in the introduction of a new approach So today, we are challenged in science-as Dr. Marshall Warren Nirenberg was born to the synthesis of important natural sub­ in all aspects of our society-to preserve in New York City 1n 1927 and received his stances such as cholesterol, cortisone, and these standards of high quality and pursue undergraduate and early graduate training most recently, chlorophyll. He has com­ excellence as our goals. at the University of Florida. In 1957 here­ bined theory with a vast practical knowledge Toward that end, we are striving to ceived his Ph. D. from the University of of organic reactions and structures to form strengthen our foundations in physical sci­ Michigan and since that time has been as­ a basis for rational synthetic planning and ence, in biological science, and in medical sociated with the National Institutes of his work has brought him innumerable science. It is our hope-e.nd our purpose-­ Health, Bethesda, Md. Presently he is re­ awards and honors. Dr. Woodward's cita­ to create more and better scien tiflc centers search chemist and head, Section of Bio­ tion reads: "For an imaginative new ap­ of excellence in the universities of our Na­ chemical Genetics in the Laboratory of proach to the synthesis of complex organic tion. We are determined to make certain, Clinical Biochemistry at the National Heart molecules and, especially, for brilliant syn- also, that talented students in all parts of February 11, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 2607 the country have opportunities to develop main objects of all science are the freedom discoveries we can ·make in it wm be for the and ut111ze their talents more fully. and happiness of man." benefit of yours and every other nation, as This is real seed time for our society-a Science in America has done much to pro­ well as our own." time when we must go into new fields and go vide us with the health and the happiness So this morning as we honor our outstand­ into old ones, to sow the seed for the harvest and the hopefulness we enjoy. But we are ing men of science, let all the world under­ of a finer life by generations who come proud and grateful that the benefits of our stand that science in America is-and shall science serve not our ends alone. Whether remain--dedicated to mankind's freedom, after us. in the keeping of peace or the exploration of The effort we make to support and to sus-_ space, whether to study the seas or combating and mankind's justice and peace and not to tain and to advance our science is vital to of disease and poverty and ignorance, the mankind's oppression or enslavement or the success of this Nation's purposes. The cause of our science is the cause of all man­ destruction. challenge is great--but we' accept it and we kind. Now let the citations be read for the 1964 shall meet it, to the fullest degree. As Thomas Jefferson once wrote to a friend awards of the National Medal of Science. Our objects today remain the same as when in another land, "The field of knowledge is Thank you all for coming here and letting an early resident of this House said that "the the common property of mankind, and any me enjoy seeing you.

H.R. 1782. An act to amend the Retired H.R. 3043. An act to amend title 37, United SENATE Federal Employees Health Benefits Act with States Code, to authorize payment of special respect to Government contribution for ex­ allowances to dependents of members of the THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 1965 penses incurred in the administration of uniformed services to offset expenses incident such act; to their evacuation, and for other purposes; The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, H.R. 2594. An act to clarify the applica­ to the Committee on Armed Services. and was called to order by the Vice Pres­ tion of certain annuity increase legislation; ident. and The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown H.R. 3043. An act to amend title 37, United LIMITATION OF STATEMENTS DUR­ States Code, to authorize payment of spe­ ING THE MORNING HOUR Harris, D.D., offered the . following cial allowances to dependents of members prayer: of the uniformed services to offset expenses Mr. BAYH. Mr. President, I ask Our gracious Father, before Thy ever incident to their evacuation, and for other unanimous consent that statements blazing throne .. we ask no luster of our purposes. made in the morning hour be confined to own. Yea, rather, we bow in the dust The message also announced that the 3 minutes. of abject failure, asking that Thou wilt House had agreed to a concurrent resolu­ The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob­ grant us the cleansing grace of peni­ tion (H. Con. Res. 282) expressing the jection, it is so ordered. tence. sense of the Congress with respect to the Through the gates that are swinging viewing of the U.S. Information Agency COMMITTEE MEETING DURING on ancient hinges, we glimpse revealing film entitled "Years of Lightning, Day of SENATE SESSION new vistas of a fairer world where hu­ Drums" at the dedication of the new manity will at last be free from the Civic War Memorial Auditorium in Bos­ On request by Mr. SMATHERS, and by blood-rusted chains which have debased ton, Mass., in which it requested the unanimous consent, the Subcommittee and degraded those who also are Thy concurrence of the Senate. on Education of the Committee on Labor children. and Public Welfare was authorized to Empower us to lay aside the weight of meet during the Senate session today. every selfish prejudice and the sins of ENROLLED JOINT RESOLUTION SIGNED covetousness that do so easily beset us, ORDER FOR ADJOURNMENT UNTIL and with glad and eager feet to march The message further announced that with the armies that go to free, not to the Speaker had amxed his signature to 9 A.M. MONDAY, FEBRUARY 15; bind-to develop, not to rule-to co­ the enrolled joint resolution