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Fr Fr Communication Aux Membres Parlement européen 2019-2024 Commission des affaires étrangères Commission du développement Sous-commission «Droits de l’homme» 23.9.2020 COMMUNICATION AUX MEMBRES Objet: PRIX SAKHAROV POUR LA LIBERTÉ DE L’ESPRIT 2020 Les députés trouveront en annexe la liste (alphabétique) des candidats au prix Sakharov pour la liberté de l’esprit 2020, lesquels, conformément au statut du prix Sakharov, ont été proposés par au moins quarante députés au Parlement européen ou par un groupe politique, ainsi que les justifications et les biographies reçues par l’unité «Actions droits de l’homme». DIRECTION GÉNÉRALE DES POLITIQUES EXTERNES DE L’UNION CM\1213925FR.docx PE658.278v02-00 FR Unie dans la diversité FR PRIX SAKHAROV POUR LA LIBERTÉ DE L’ESPRIT 2020 Candidats, classés par ordre alphabétique, proposés par des groupes politiques et des députés à titre individuel Candidat Activité Proposé par Les militants LGBTI polonais Jakub Gawron, Paulina Pajak et Paweł Preneta ont créé l’«Atlas de la haine», un projet recensant les nombreuses municipalités polonaises qui ont adopté, rejeté ou qui examinent des «résolutions anti-LGBTI». Kamil Maczuga a joué un rôle important en suivant les débats sur cette question au sein des gouvernements 4 militants LGBTI – locaux et en diffusant des informations aux Malin Björk, Terry Jakub Gawron, Paulina militants, aux médias et aux responsables Reintke, Marc 1 Pajak, Paweł Preneta et Angel, Rasmus politiques en Pologne et au-delà. Au Kamil Maczuga, Andresen et Pologne printemps 2020, Jakub Gawron, Paulina Pajak 39 autres députés and Paweł Preneta ont été poursuivis en justice par cinq des gouvernements locaux qui avaient adopté de telles déclarations. Ces derniers réclament des excuses publiques, en Pologne et au Parlement européen, ainsi qu’une indemnisation financière au profit des «organisations en faveur de la famille» dans les cinq régions. PE658.278v02-00 2/21 CM\1213925FR.docx FR L’opposition L’opposition démocratique en Biélorussie est à démocratique la tête d’une mobilisation sans précédent de la en Biélorussie, société biélorusse, sous la forme de représentée par le manifestations pacifiques à grande échelle en Conseil de faveur de la démocratie qui se poursuivent coordination, une depuis plusieurs semaines à la suite des initiative lancée par des élections présidentielles truquées. L’opposition femmes courageuses a créé un Conseil de coordination afin de (Svetlana faciliter un transfert pacifique du pouvoir. Des Parti populaire Tikhanovskaïa, femmes courageuses, notamment Svetlana européen, Alliance Svetlana Alexievitch, Tikhanovskaïa, Svetlana Alexievitch, progressiste des 2 Maria Kolesnikova, Maria Kolesnikova, Volha Kavalkova et socialistes et Volha Kavalkova, Veronika Tsepkalo, membres du Conseil de démocrates, Renew Veronika Tsepkalo) et coordination, sont devenues le symbole de Europe des personnalités l’opposition et l’espoir des Biélorusses. Elles politiques et de la sont soutenues par des dissidents, des militants société civile (Sergueï politiques, des défenseurs des droits de Tikhanovski, Ales l’homme, des responsables politiques de Bialiatski, l’opposition et des jeunes, notamment Sergueï Sergueï Dylevski, Tikhanovski, Ales Bialiatski, Stepan Putilo et Nikolaï Sergueï Dylevski, Stepan Putilo et Nikolaï Statkevitch), Statkevitch. Biélorussie Des milliers de Biélorusses protestent à travers le pays à la suite des élections truquée du 9 août 2020. Le soutien de la population reflète l’incroyable solidarité de la société biélorusse, une renaissance de l’identité nationale susceptible de modifier l’histoire du pays. Svetlana Tikhanovskaïa, dirigeante du L’opposition Conseil de coordination et principale Conservateurs et démocratique au 3 adversaire de Loukachenko pendant les réformistes Belarus représentée par élections, est la mieux placée pour représenter européens Svetlana Tikhanovskaïa l’opposition démocratique en Biélorussie. L’attribution du prix Sakharov à l’opposition démocratique représentée par Svetlana Tikhanoskaïa récompenserait le courage et la détermination de la société biélorusse et enverrait un message de soutien et de solidarité au peuple de Biélorussie. CM\1213925FR.docx 3/21 PE658.278v02-00 FR Les défenseurs environnementaux de Guapinol sont membres du comité municipal pour la défense des biens communs et publics de Tocoa. Ils sont en détention préventive depuis un an en raison de leur participation à un campement de protestation pacifique contre une société minière dont les activités ont entraîné la contamination des rivières Guapinol et San Pedro. Dans le contexte de la pandémie Verts/Alliance libre Les militants de de Covid-19, ils sont clairement en danger dans européenne, 4 Guapinol et Berta les prisons surpeuplées. Cofondatrice du Gauche unitaire Cáceres, Honduras COPINH (Conseil citoyen des organisations européenne/Gauche des peuples amérindiens du Honduras), Berta verte nordique Cáceres était une écologiste courageuse et militante de premier plan pour les droits fonciers de la communauté autochtone lenca. Pendant plus de vingt ans, elle a lutté contre l’accaparement des terres, l’abattage illégal et les projets de grande ampleur tels que la centrale hydroélectrique d’Agua Zarca. Elle a été assassinée à son domicile en 2016. Mgr Najib Mikhael Moussa a aidé les chrétiens syriaques et chaldéens à fuir Mossoul vers le Kurdistan iraquien lors de la prise de la ville par l’État islamique, le 6 août 2014. Il a également apporté de l’aide aux réfugiés chrétiens de la plaine de Ninive et à la communauté yézidie dont il est un spécialiste de renom. En plus d’aider les Najib Mikhael Moussa, minorités persécutées, il a directement Identité et 5 archevêque de Mossoul, sauvegardé et numérisé un très grand nombre démocratie Iraq de documents historiques écrits en araméen, en syriaque, en arabe et en arménien, qui constituent une source inestimable de connaissances sur les cultures et les religions du Moyen-Orient. Mgr Najib s’emploie à préserver ce patrimoine culturel tout en partageant les rudes conditions de vie des réfugiés et en les aidant comme il le peut. PE658.278v02-00 4/21 CM\1213925FR.docx FR Biographies 4 militants LGBTI – Jakub Gawron, Paulina Pajak, Paweł Preneta et Kamil Maczuga, Pologne Présentés par Malin Björk, Terry Reintke, Marc Angel, Rasmus Andresen et 39 autres députés Kamil, Jakub, Paulina et Paweł. À l’automne 2019, les militants polonais LGBTI Jakub Gawron, Paulina Pajak et Paweł Preneta ont créé l’«Atlas de la haine» (https://atlasnienawisci.pl), un projet recensant les nombreuses municipalités polonaises qui avaient adopté, rejeté ou qui examinaient des «résolutions anti-LGBTI». Le site web comprend également une base de données en ligne contenant des liens vers des documents officiels et des études statistiques. Un quatrième militant, Kamil Maczuga a joué un rôle important en suivant les débats sur cette question au sein des gouvernements locaux et en diffusant des informations, en Pologne et à l’étranger, auprès des militants, des médias et des responsables politiques sur la multiplication des CM\1213925FR.docx 5/21 PE658.278v02-00 FR «déclarations anti-LGBTI». L’Atlas est né en réaction à l’augmentation du nombre de municipalités ou d’autorités locales polonaises qui avaient adopté des «déclarations anti-LGBTI». À l’heure actuelle, plus de 100 municipalités ou autorités locales polonaises se sont déclarées «zones sans LGBT» ou ont adopté des «chartes régionales des valeurs familiales». En octobre 2019, avant l’adoption de la résolution du Parlement condamnant les «zones sans LGBTI» en Pologne, les militants ont été invités au Parlement européen à Strasbourg où ils ont tenu une conférence de presse sur la gravité et la détérioration de la situation des personnes LGBTI dans leur pays. Au printemps 2020, Jakub Gawron, Paulina Pajak and Paweł Preneta ont été poursuivis en justice par cinq des gouvernements locaux qui avaient adopté de telles déclarations. Ces administrations locales, représentées par l’organisation conservatrice Ordu Iouris (également à l’origine des «chartes régionales des valeurs familiales»), affirment que les militants, avec leur Atlas de la haine, portent atteinte à leur réputation. Ils réclament maintenant des excuses publiques, en Pologne et au Parlement européen, ainsi qu’une indemnisation financière au profit des «organisations en faveur de la famille» dans les cinq régions. La nomination de Jakub Gawron, Paulina Pajak, Paweł Preneta et Kamil Maczuga au Prix Sakharov est un témoignage de soutien et de reconnaissance envers leur travail créatif, courageux et difficile en faveur des droits fondamentaux des personnes LGBTI, non seulement en Pologne mais partout où ces droits sont menacés. PE658.278v02-00 6/21 CM\1213925FR.docx FR L’opposition démocratique en Biélorussie, représentée par le Conseil de coordination, une initiative lancée par des femmes courageuses (Svetlana Tikhanovskaïa, Svetlana Alexievitch, Maria Kolesnikova, Volha Kavalkova, Veronika Tsepkalo) et des personnalités politiques et de la société civile (Sergueï Tikhanovski, Ales Bialiatski, Sergueï Dylevski, Stepan Putilo et Nikolaï Statkevitch), Biélorussie Présentée par le Parti populaire européen, l’Alliance progressiste des socialistes et démocrates, et Renew Europe Justification présentée par le groupe PPE: Une révolution pacifique est en cours en Biélorussie, aux portes de l’Union européenne. Après plusieurs décennies de silence, une nouvelle nation biélorusse a vu le jour et elle réclame des changements démocratiques dans le pays. Comme l’a indiqué Svetlana
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