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COLLEGE and RESEARCH LIBRARIES About Various Library Techniques for Handling Length Precludes Publication in College and Re- Books

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COLLEGE and RESEARCH LIBRARIES About Various Library Techniques for Handling Length Precludes Publication in College and Re- Books Notes from the A.C.R.L. Office In some ways college libraries seem pretty University libraries with book collections of well standardized by the common acceptance over half a million volumes were next ex- of techniques and at least lip service to the amined. Only eight of these had published same general aims. After visiting many in figures showing the total institutional budget connection with A.C.R.L. work, I have and total library budget for 1939-40 and reached the conclusion that similarity is largely 1948-49. Every one of the eight was getting superficial and libraries are just as individual a smaller share of the educational dollar on as the librarians who operate them. Nearly its campus in 1949. The average decrease was every library visited had some feature unique 17.8 per cent. to my experience. At one time I thought that These brief investigations warrant much the particular excellences of each institution more careful analysis. However, they indicate might well be noted for the consideration of that librarians are getting less. No one, in this membership. The plan has been aban- looking back to 1929 or 1939, would say that doned, however, in the realization that many libraries were then getting too much. techniques and attitudes owed their particu- Figures for the home circulation of books lar excellence to the settings and could not be are notorious for error, omission and misin- recommended for universal adoption. In place terpretation, but they should not for that rea- of that I am substituting a few general obser- son be ignored. A comparison of reported vations on the state of college and university home circulation of 13 of the 15 college li- libraries today. braries in 1929 with similar figures for 1949 Originality and service can rise above the indicated only three colleges had increases in limitation of a starvation budget for a period, circulation which kept pace with increases in but eventually there comes a time when every student enrolment. These three colleges all individual succumbs somewhat to the effects of turned out to have had similarly adequate malnutrition. Many of our college libraries budget increases. Study of the other 10 li- are operating on alarmingly small sums. braries indicated circulation rise and fall bore Boasts of budget and salary increases have some rough relation to adequacy of support. been numerous during the past five years and Apparently university presidents who wish to usually omit mention of decline in value of have students read more widely will be wise the dollar, or of increased enrolment and in- to give better support to their libraries. come. It is purchasing power that counts, not Cooperation between librarian and teaching dollars. An increased work load in the form faculty has certainly increased in recent years. of students served and books housed should be The development of the divisional library has matched by increased purchasing power or played some part in this desirable development. service will sooner or later begin to decline, Likewise the recognition of undergraduate li- no matter how devoted and inspired the staff braries in universities has been a progressive may be. step. While some universities had these li- I have seen nothing to indicate that college braries a generation and more ago, the prin- libraries are any better off financially today ciple seems to have gained wide acceptance in than they were 10 or 20 years ago. To check only very recent years. this I studied 15 published and unpublished It appears to me that only in isolated cases budget reports available at headquarters (the has great progress been achieved in making first 15 in alphabetic order, omitting Califor- the library a truly effective educational instru- nia and Columbia as too large to be typical). ment for the student body, a real laboratory The total budgets increased about 87 per cent of the mind. Recently I visited a small city in purchasing power from 1928-9 to 1948-9. which had both a large university and a lib- On the other hand, enrolments more than eral arts college. The university library is one doubled during the period, as did the book of the great research collections of the country, collections. If library operations increase in but very few people were in evidence in the expense with growth of collections, something stacks or the reading rooms. The staff is wrong in this picture. talked to me with interest and originality 276 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES about various library techniques for handling length precludes publication in College and Re- books. On the adjoining campus, the same af- search Libraries or other material of consid- ternoon, the college library reading rooms erable value to perhaps a quite limited pro- were thronged. The reason seemed clear. fessional group. Several hundred copies will The small college library set itself to be an constitute an edition, which will be put on education instrument reaching every student in sale at a nominal charge. Standing orders will every course. The shop was no model, but a be solicited. lot of good books were getting heavy use. Our The board voted to establish an A.C.R.L. university libraries are inclined to neglect Audio-Visual Committee in compliance with many things that are customarily done for the recommendation of the A.L.A. Audio- students on small campuses. Instruction in the Visual Board. The following was suggested use of the library is, from personal experience, by Raynard C. Swank, chairman of the board: quite a problem when 75 or 80 sections of "The general purpose of the committee freshman English are involved. Consideration might be defined as the promotion of audio- of the library's contribution to every course visual services in college, university and pos- taught looks impossible when there are many sibly research libraries. A few of the func- hundreds of courses. Nevertheless these and tions which such a committee might perform other services must be faced if university li- over a considerable period of time are: brary systems are going to measure up to the "1. Compile and publish information, both college libraries. descriptive and statistical, on audio-visual It is distressing to note that at least a small services in college, university and research li- percentage of practicing librarians seem to braries. Very little information is now avail- have few professional interests. These in- able on the nature and extent of the services terests can legitimately take a variety of now being offered to instruction and research, forms—essentially bookman activities, schol- although quite a bit has become available from arly research in a subject field, study and de- the A.L.A. Film Office and other sources velopment of library techniques, leadership in about public library film services. A survey of state or national professional associations and audio-visual activities in college and university so forth. Lack of participation in any of libraries might well be the first project as- these activities and of routine following of signed to the new committee. procedures year in and year out are evidences "2. Offer guidance to librarians operating of mental stagnation. Low salaries, over- or wanting to organize audio-visual services. work and stifling supervision certainly are con- "3. In cooperation with the A.L.A. Audio- tributing factors. It would seem that head Visual Board, accept responsibility for recom- librarians have a definite responsibility to en- mending policy on crucial problems relating to courage professional participation on the part the development of audio-visual services on of the staff. A judicious mixture of sugges- the college campus. For the last several years tion, assistance, cooperation, recognition and the A.L.A. Audio-Visual Board has been con- gentle pressure should accomplish a good deal. cerned continually with policy statements of The choice of type of activity is greater for one kind or another (e.g., sponsored films and librarians than practically any other profes- union projectionists). The method of financ- sion. ing an audio-visual center is an example of a * * * campus problem. By a recent mail vote the Board of Direc- "4. Stimulate discussion and investigation tors approved a proposal for A.C.R.L. to un- of audio-visual services through conference dertake limited surveys of small liberal arts programs, articles in professional journals, re- colleges upon request. This plan was dis- search studies, etc. cussed in this same column in the January "5. Evaluate audio-visual resources of in- 1951 issue. struction and research, advise producers on The board also approved an increased allot- needs and publish lists of recommended ma- ment for the Committee on Publications. This terials. The A.L.A. Audio-Visual Board is to be used to start a new series, A.C.R.L. has now published several lists, including the Occasional Papers. These will probably be first-purchase list of films for public libraries. issued in multilith and take monographs whose "6. Explore the possibilities of library co- JULY, 1951 277 operation in the acquisition, production and the publishers. The same principle holds true use of audio-visual materials. Much progress for movie productions. in this direction has already been made in the Another field for development lies in the public library field, and a small college library annual competitions, which take place on would benefit as much from this kind of effort most small campuses, in building up personal as the small public library. libraries by the students. These competitions "7. Test and recommend audio-visual seem to get wide local publicity. Publishers equipment for use in academic libraries, class- might build up considerable good will where it rooms, etc." counts by offering prizes of, say, 25 to 75 The board approved a small travel allow- dollars' worth of books to winners on selected ance for the treasurer in partial recognition of campuses.
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