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COLLEGE and RESEARCH LIBRARIES the Same Materials, If This Assists the Designer Sion of Noise Transmitted from One Area to in Creating a More Satisfactory Building

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COLLEGE and RESEARCH LIBRARIES the Same Materials, If This Assists the Designer Sion of Noise Transmitted from One Area to in Creating a More Satisfactory Building Buildings and Architecture HE FOLLOWING statement of archi- (1) Be appropriate to the environmental Ttectural and engineering features for a buildings, and new library building at the Massachusetts (2) Afford a dignified and beautiful memo- rial to a distinguished friend of M.I.T. Institute of Technology, was prepared by When this is said, however, it must also be John E. Burchard, director of libraries, as pointed out that this must be accomplished part of a series of standards to be used in without waste either of money or of internal the selection of an architect. It was sub- amenity. It is not essential for the achieve- mitted at the instance of Ralph E. Ells- ment of purpose (1) that the fagade be a replica or even a close similitude of the flank- worth. ing buildings. Admittedly, not to make it Architectural and Engineering Considera- so will require greater architectural skill, tions but it is possible. Again, it is not essential to the achievement of purpose (2) that a What follows is in no sense an attempt to monumental style be adopted. Indeed, no define the style of architecture which shall nonstructural columns, cornices, or other be followed in designing the building nor to pure embellishments will be tolerated if in circumscribe the architect in his contribution any way they either any more than is necessary to avoid failures in the building which would be regarded as (1) Force the building budget to relinquish intolerable. important elements of the program, or (2) Sacrifice to the occupants and users of a. Site the interior any important light or view. The site selected is between the and . This site is still open to discussion d.. Interiors provided an alternative can be suggested It shall be characteristic of all the public which is more centrally located and sus- interiors that they have dignity, amenity, and ceptible of suitable architectural treatment repose, and of all the working spaces that and the provision of the desired amenity. they be pleasant and efficient places in which Insofar as the site conditions the further to work. discussion, it is assumed that the foregoing The following general considerations apply site has been accepted. to all rooms: (1) Monumentality is not only not desired b. Entrances but will be refused. There are to be no enor- The principal public entrance should be at mous rooms. or near grade level and should not require (2) Flexibility in all areas is a sine qua non. the mounting of monumental or long stairs This implies that interior decoration involving to reach the first floor, which brings the pub- any complicated moldings, engaged columns or lic at once face to face with the working pilasters, and the like, is prima facie unaccept- library. able. The charm of the building shall be ob- tained by scale, proportion, color, skilful use All entrances should be reconciled to con- of materials, interesting circulation, and spe- verge on a common reception desk so that cialized decorative treatments of a sort which controls can be readily exercised. can later be sacrificed without major con- struction difficulties. c. Faqades (3) Those rooms on the river $ide shall ex- The river fagade and the fagade facing the ploit the view to the utmost. back are both important. The one confronts the public, the other will be an element in e. Building Materials an important interior court in the developed Materials shall be of the semi-permanent institute plot. fire-resistant type characteristic of all the The fagades must be such as to major institute buildings. They need not be 78 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES the same materials, if this assists the designer sion of noise transmitted from one area to in creating a more satisfactory building. This another, with respect to maintenance of ap- applies especially to corridor floors and to propriate low level within each area, and with any other portion in which the traditional in- respect to hearing in any lecture room, audi- stitute materials would be unsatisfactory for torium, or seminar. this type of building. (5) Serious attention shall be paid to develop- ment of the most modern intercommunication f. Exits, etc. system for all library purposes, including These shall, of course, comply with the intercommunication with the branches. building laws. (6) The principle of flexibility shall apply to the artificial lighting system; that is, in g. Vertical Circulation all areas where the possibility of future re- At a minimum, elevators will be required arrangement of space has been provided for (and this should include most of the build- for the internal use of the staff in transport- ing), the space should have built-in lighting on ing heavy material from floor to floor. Eleva- a unit basis, or the possibility of obtaining tors may also be the only possible solution to unit lighting easily, so that areas may have public and staff vertical circulation; but the equivalent light, no matter how divided. modern escalator has so many attractive fea- tures, provided it is economically possible, and All reading and work areas must be uni- the elevator without operators has so many formly endowed with the best illumination disadvantages, that the escalator should not that can be devised with present techniques, be rejected as a solution of the problem with- and the light sources should be designed with out careful consideration. this in view rather than with the objective of Attention is also drawn to the specific re- using these sources as elements of room deco- quirement of such vertical circulation as book ration. lifts, elevators, and the like, which are dis- These requirements do not necessarily im- cussed under the stack. ply that the lighting solutions for all work and reading tasks must be identical. h. Engineering Natural lighting is desirable within the limits imposed by solar conditions, particular- (1) The structural design shall be such as ly where a pleasant outlook is possible. to permit full flexibility, not only for minor changes such as might occur in the humanities A menity reading room, but for much more consequen- This building shall be as efficient in its func- tial changes in the whole plan of library ad- tioning as the best that modern technology ministration. and thought can produce in the year 1946 (2) The building shall be completely air- or 1947 and shall acquire this efficiency with conditioned. It will not be satisfactory to no loss of beauty. It shall be the build- limit this facility to the stacks. ing, of all buildings now at the institute, which (3) Provision shall be made adjacent to the the student or staff member shall find most accessions department for the fumigating and pleasant to enter and to occupy. cleansing of all accessions. Only by provi- To accomplish this end, it shall take advan- sion of such services can we expect to keep tage of thinking as imaginative in its solu- the library clean and reduce our losses. tion of an architectural problem as that which (4) Serious attention shall be paid to all characterizes the thinking of "the institute acoustical problems, with respect to suppres- staffs in the sciences. JANUARY, 1946 79 Since the June General meeting of the Asso- News from ciation of Research Libraries there has been a change in the pos- sibilities for the purchase of European books. blitz. The Library of the University Col- The library mission proposed at that meeting lege of London, on the top floor of London's was not approved by the State Department. only skyscraper, lost 100,000 books and During the summer Luther H. Evans, Li- nearly all its special collections. brarian of Congress, wrote suggesting that The North Central Association Commis- the Library of Congress would be willing sion on Colleges and Universities requested to have its agents purchase European books special reports from the libraries of eighty- for American libraries provided that there six institutions, at the meeting of the board was a carefully planned program of coop- of review in March 1944, in an effort to erative acquisition. study and offer suggestions for improvement A meeting was held in Washington on of library standards. The activities that September 19 at which, among others, there followed the special reports are described in were present Dr. Evans and Verner War- the North Central Association Quarterly ren Clapp from the Library of Congress, (vol. 20, July 1945, p. 19-20). Harry M. Lydenberg, Keyes D. Metcalf and Minutes of the twenty-third meeting of Carl M. White from the Advisory Commit- the Association of Research Libraries, held tee of the A.R.L., Thomas P. Fleming from at the New York Public Library on June the Joint Committee on Importations, Carl 21-22, 1945, have been lithoprinted by Ed- H. Milam, and Paul North Rice, Executive wards Bros., Ann Arbor, Mich. Secretary of the A.R.L. It was agreed that The Junior College Accounting Manual Dr. Evans would write to the A.L.A. Board by Henry G. Badger (American Association on Resources of American Libraries, the of Junior Colleges and American Council Joint Committee on Importations, and the on Education, 1945) may be of interest to Association of Research Libraries, asking junior college librarians. It establishes a that each organization appoint someone to model plan of accounting, statistics, and re- serve on an executive committee to work out porting for junior colleges. The library as foreign purchases with the Library of Con- a unit is included. gress. Dr. Evans has asked each of the four national learned councils to appoint a repre- The University of sentative to serve in an advisory capacity.
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