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Canadian Infantry Combat Training During the Second World War
SHARPENING THE SABRE: CANADIAN INFANTRY COMBAT TRAINING DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR By R. DANIEL PELLERIN BBA (Honours), Wilfrid Laurier University, 2007 BA (Honours), Wilfrid Laurier University, 2008 MA, University of Waterloo, 2009 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in History University of Ottawa Ottawa, Ontario, Canada © Raymond Daniel Ryan Pellerin, Ottawa, Canada, 2016 ii ABSTRACT “Sharpening the Sabre: Canadian Infantry Combat Training during the Second World War” Author: R. Daniel Pellerin Supervisor: Serge Marc Durflinger 2016 During the Second World War, training was the Canadian Army’s longest sustained activity. Aside from isolated engagements at Hong Kong and Dieppe, the Canadians did not fight in a protracted campaign until the invasion of Sicily in July 1943. The years that Canadian infantry units spent training in the United Kingdom were formative in the history of the Canadian Army. Despite what much of the historical literature has suggested, training succeeded in making the Canadian infantry capable of succeeding in battle against German forces. Canadian infantry training showed a definite progression towards professionalism and away from a pervasive prewar mentality that the infantry was a largely unskilled arm and that training infantrymen did not require special expertise. From 1939 to 1941, Canadian infantry training suffered from problems ranging from equipment shortages to poor senior leadership. In late 1941, the Canadians were introduced to a new method of training called “battle drill,” which broke tactical manoeuvres into simple movements, encouraged initiative among junior leaders, and greatly boosted the men’s morale. -
155-L Page CHAPTER XII the 123D Division
N SI 55 U.S. Army Forces Far East. Military History Section. Record of Opera- tions Against Soviet Russia on Northern and Western Fronts of Manchuria, and in Northern Korea (August 1945). Japanese monograph no. 155. 1950. Distributed by the Office of the Chief of Military History, Departmen t of the Army. SAI ACCESS NO r77 A N Ju:i 2 ZQO ACCESSION NO -~iili~asi~w(i~I1786 7 '' ~r9 r k-':: ~a~ -jgy "'; :r' i.i 'i JAPANESE MONOGRAPH NO. 155 Ate.1 +++"-.i ti.,<a.. .. , i4,e NO su w..w..v- RECORD OF OPERATIONS AGAINST SO VIET RUSSIA ON NORTHERN AND WESTEF:N FRONTS OF MANCHURIA, AND IN NORTHERN KOREA (AUGUST 1945) PREPARED BY- MILITARY HISTORY SECTION HEADQUARTERS, ARMY FORCES FAR EAST DISTRIBUTED BY OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF MILITARY HISTORY DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY This monograph may not be reproduced without the permission of the Office Chief of Militsry History Monograph No. 155 Editor's Preface This is the last in a series of three monographs' covering Japanese military activities in Manchuria from January 1943 to the end of WVorld War II hostilities, prepared by former commanders and staff officers of the Kwantung Army. The first (No. 138) deals with Kwantung Arm's wartime vigil throughout Manchuria in prepa- ration for operations. The second (No. 154) deals with actual military operations against Soviet forces on the eastern front. This monograph, No. 155, covers operations in the northern and western parts of Manchuria and also in northern Korea. Like No. 154, this monograph is actually a collection of closely related sub-monographs, each a separate--but by no means complete--study in itself. -
The German 290Th Infantry Division at Demyansk by Henning Nagel and Vance Von Borries
The German 290th Infantry Division at Demyansk By Henning Nagel and Vance von Borries During September 1941 the summer advance into the Soviet Union by German Army Group North had largely ended. In the north, units of the Army Group’s 18th Army laid siege to Leningrad while to the east and south they stood against Soviet efforts to relieve the great siege. To the south, 16th Army entered the Valday Hills region, taking Demyansk on September 8th thereby securing Army Group North’s southern flank and establishing a link with its neighbor, Army Group Center. By the end of November the 16th Army conducted little more than local actions and the campaign in the area settled in to static warfare. The main German effort had shifted south to Army Group Center in front of Moscow. Yet, as Army Group Center began to close around Moscow, it too lost momentum and shifted to the defensive. Then the Soviets struck. What began as a limited counter-offensive against Army Group Center in December grew by January 1942 into a general strategic offensive that threatened to expel the Germans from much of the Soviet Union. Practically all German divisions in Russia were caught up in the winter campaign and at times each would find itself thrown back on its own resources. Little else would be available. In the Demyansk/Valday area all German divisions worked together and each played an important role, sometimes critical, in withstanding the Soviet tide. The story of the 290th illustrates how these divisions held together. The 290th Infantry Division (ID), part of 16th Army’s X.Army Corps in the Valday region, had been formed in March and April 1940 in the Munsterlager Troop Maneuver Area from newly trained north German personnel. -
Rifle Divisions on 22Nd June 1941 There Were 15 Rifle Divisions in the Leningrad Military District
The Actual Strength of all Soviet Land Combat Units in a Deployed (D) State on 22nd June 1941 Part IV 6 The Leningrad Military District (Northern Front from 24th June 1941) In this section we will focus on the actual manpower and equipment strength of the land combat units deployed in the Leningrad Military District on 22nd June 1941. We will examine the strength of the individual combat units and reconcile this with the actual strength in the whole of the military district. Rifle Divisions On 22nd June 1941 there were 15 rifle divisions in the Leningrad Military District. On 1st June 1941 the average personnel strength in these divisions was 11 985 men, or 83% of the wartime authorised TOE.1 In terms of personnel this made the rifle divisions in this district the strongest of any in the Western Military Districts when the Germans attacked. Three of the 15 rifle divisions (the 237th, 177th and 191st) were new and in the process of forming. The average strength of the 12 older established divisions was over 13 100 men, which made them close to full strength. Perhaps the Soviets maintained these divisions at higher than average strength due to the recent hostilities with Finland. Table Len MD Divs 1 shows the actual strength of the rifle divisions in the Leningrad Military District on 22nd June 1941. Most of the rifle divisions were well established divisions with six formed before 1939, five formed in 1939, one in 1940 and three in 1941. The average rifle division in the Leningrad Military District on 22nd June 1941 had an inventory containing: up to or over 100% of their authorised MGs and mortars, around 93% of their authorised AT guns, 73-89% of their authorised light artillery and infantry guns (76mm), 78-102% of their authorised medium to heavy artillery, and all their authorised heavy AA guns. -
Russian Army, 4 June 1916
Russian Army 4 June 1916 Northwest Front: Finland Garrison: XLII Corps: 106th Infantry Division 421st Tsarskoe Selo Infantry Regiment 422nd Kolpino Infantry Regiment 423rd Luga Infantry Regiment 424th Chut Infantry Regiment 107th Infantry Division 425th Kargopol Infantry Regiment 426th Posinets Infantry Regiment 427th Pudozh Infantry Regiment 428th Lodeyinpol Infantry Regiment Sveaborg Border Brigade 1st Sveaborg Border Regiment 2nd Sveaborg Border Regiment Estonia Coast Defense: 108th Infantry Division 429th Riizhsk Infantry Regiment 430th Balksy Infantry Regiment 431st Tikhvin Infantry Regiment 432nd Baldaia Infantry Regiment Revel Border Brigade 1st Revel Border Regiments 2nd Revel Border Regiments Livonia Coast Defense: I Corps 22nd Novgorod Infantry Division 85th Vyborg Infantry Regiment 86th Wilmanstrand Infantry Regiment 87th Neschlot Infantry Regiment 88th Petrov Infantry Regiment 24th Pskov Infantry Division 93rd Irkhtsk Infantry Regiment 94th Yenisei Infantry Regiment 95th Krasnoyarsk Infantry Regiment 96th Omsk Infantry Regiment III Corps 73rd Orel Infantry Division 289th Korotoyav Infantry Regiment 290th Valuiisk Infantry Regiment 291st Trubchev Infantry Regiment 292nd New Archangel Infantry Regiment 5th Rifle Division (Suwalki) 17th Rifle Regiment 18th Rifle Regiment 19th Rifle Regiment 20th Rifle Regiment V Siberian Corps 1 50th St. Petersburg Infantry Division 197th Lesnot Infantry Regiment 198th Alexander Nevsky Infantry Regiment 199th Kronstadt Infantry Regiment 200th Kronshlot Infantry Regiment 6th (Khabarovsk) Siberian -
University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan the UNIVERSITY of OKLAHOMA
This dissertation has been 64-126 microfilmed exactly as received SOH, Jin ChuU, 1930- SOME CAUSES OF THE KOREAN WAR OF 1950; A CASE STUDY OF SOVIET FOREIGN POLICY IN KOREA (1945-1950), WITH EMPHASIS ON SINO- SOVIET COLLABORATION. The University of Oklahoma, Ph.D., 1963 Political Science, international law and relations University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan THE UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA. GRADUATE COLLEGE SOME CAUSES OF THE KOREAN WAR OF 1950: A CASE STUDY OF SOVIET FOREIGN POLICY IN KOREA (1945-1950), WITH EMPHASIS ON SING-SOVIET COLLABORATION A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY BY JIN CHULL SOH Norman, Oklahoma 1963 SOME CAUSES OF THE KOREAN WAR OF I95 O: A CASE STUDY OF SOVIET FOREIGN POLICY IN KOREA (1945-1950), WITH EMPHASIS ON SINO-SOVIET COLLABORATION APPROVED BY DISSERTATION COMMITTEE ACKNOWLEDGMENT The writer chose this subject because the Commuaist strategy in Korea is a valuable case study of an instance in which the "cold war" became exceedingly hot. Many men died and many more were wounded in a conflict which could have been avoided if the free world had not been ignorant of the ways of the Communists. Today, many years after the armored spearhead of Communism first drove across the 38th parallel, 350 ,0 0 0 men are still standing ready to repell that same enemy. It is hoped that this study will throw light on the errors which grew to war so that they might not be repeated at another time in a different place. -
Russian Southwest Front, 1 July 1915
Russian Southwest Front 1 July 1915 8th Army 12th Army Corps: 12th Infantry Division: 45th Azovskiy Infantry Regiment 46th Dneper Infantry Regiment 47th Ukrainian Infantry Regiment 48th Odesskiy Infantry Regiment 19th Infantry Division: 73rd Crimean Infantry Regiment 74th Stavropolskiy Infantry Regiment 75th Sevastopolskiy Infantry Regiment 76th Kuban Infantry Regiment 65th Infantry Division: 257th Evpatorijskiy Infantry Regiment 258th Kishenevskiy Infantry Regiment 259th Olgopolskiy Infantry Regiment 260th Bratslavskiy Infantry Regiment 3rd Rifle Division: 9th Rifle Regiment 10th Rifle Regiment 11th Rifle Regiment 12th Rifle Regiment Attached: 5th Field Engineer Battalion 8th Army Corps: 14th Infantry Division: 53rd Volynskiy Infantry Regiment 54th Minskiy Infantry Regiment 55th Podolskiy Infantry Regiment 56th Zhitomorskiy Infantry Regiment 15th Infantry Division: 57th Modlinskiy Infantry Regiment 58th Pragskiy Infantry Regiment 59th Liublinskiy Infantry Regiment 60th Zamostskiy Infantry Regiment 4th Rifle Division: 13th Rifle Regiment 14th Rifle Regiment 15th Rifle Regiment 16th Rifle Regiment Attached: 11th Field Engineer Battalion 17th Army Corps: 3rd Infantry Division: 9th Ingermanlandskiy Infantry Regiment 10th Novoingermanlandskiy Infantry Regiment 11th Pskovskiy Infantry Regiment 12th Velikolutskiy Infantry Regiment 35th Infantry Division: 137th Nezhinskiy Infantry Regiment 138th Bolkhovskiy Infantry Regiment 139th Morshanskiy Infantry Regiment 1 140th Zarajskiy Infantry Regiment 61st Infantry Division: 241st Sedletskiy Infantry -
COMINT and the PRC Intervention in the Korean Wat1:S-CCO~
·DOCID: 4001113 COMINT and the PRC Intervention in the Korean Wat1:S-CCO~ GUY R. VANDERPOOL Ed.it.or'• Note: (U) Thi.a ia an e:w:panded veraion of an addreaa given by Guy R. Vanderpool at the Cryptologic Hiatory Sympoaiwn in October 1993. "A RISK WE KNOWINGLY TOOK" (U) (U} On 25 October 1950; four Chinese T Communist armies suddenly attacked General Douglas MacArthur's command in the approaches to North Korea's border with the PRC. The United Nations units withdrew to defensive positions.1 When MacArthu~ resumed the march a month later, the Joint Chiefs of • .. :~)' §fi;~E~~~f!~~~ :ljb~\,~:;"::_:.~;<;··!J.~~ _y;E :·;:;· :~r:~ * r:::~· ·:: ·: ·:·L~~~~..·--~·, ....~~·' , . <j • .. asked MacArthur whether; to reduce .that .~·.;::,;.,;~~...ff _, . : ~.:.: .:.Jlf.. :a:;:~ danger, he could keep U.S. units away from the Douglaa MacArlbul" PRC boundary. MacArthur immediately denounced the idea. Any such change in his operational plan would ~ "a betrayal,. of the Korean people, "appeasement of Communist aggression," and "a tribute to international lawlessness," MacArthur declared. He lectured the JCS that "t~e entry of Chinese Communists was a risk we knowingly t.ook at the time we committed o~r forces."' · (U) Nine PRC armies overwhelmed MacArthur's forces just two days later.3 Survivors I of the first assaults saw .long columns 0£ Chinese troops moving past in the mountains t.o cut off retreat.' MacArth~r cabled the JCS that he was facing "an entirely new war.~ tB-8081 But Chinese Communist communications were not new to I I···· (b) ( 1 ) American crypt.ologists. •No one who received CO MINT product, including MacArthur's own G-2 in Tokyo, should have been surprised by the PRC intervention in the Korean War. -
Japanese 1St General Army, 8 April 1945
Japanese Home Island Armies 8 April 1945 1st General Army: Field Marshal Sugiyama 11th Area Army: Lieutenant General Yoshimoto 72nd Division 142nd Division 152nd Division 95th Mixed Brigade 44th Tank Regiment 15th Independent Machine Gun Battalion 21st Independent Anti-Tank Battalion 34th Independent Heavy Artillery Battalion 34th Independent Anti-Aircraft Artillery Company 38th Signal Regiment 33rd Garrison Unit 33rd Garrison Headquarters (B) 325th Special Garrison Company 334th Special Garrison Company 63rd Special Garrison Battalion (A) 30th Special Garrison Company 31st Special Garrison Company 32nd Special Garrison Company 33rd Special Garrison Company 34th Special Garrison Company 326th Special Garrison Company 332nd Special Garrison Company 12th Area Army 36th Army: Lieutenant General Uemura 57th Division Detached - 57th Infantry Group HQ Detached - 57th Reconnaissance Regiment 81st Division 93rd Division 1st Armored Division Detached - 3rd Tank Regiment Detached - Anti-Aircraft Unit 4th Armored Division 27th Independent Anti-Tank Battalion 21st Independent Machine Gun Battalion 7th Artillery Command 8th Independent Mountain Artillery Regiment 11th Field Heavy Artillery Regiment (A) 26th Field Heavy Artillery Regiment 52nd Field Heavy Artillery Regiment (A) 8th Field Heavy Artillery Regiment (B) 19th Field Heavy Artillery Regiment (B) 62nd Field Heavy Artillery Regiment (A) 6th Signal Regiment 51st Army: Lieutenant General Noda 44th Division 151st Division 7th Independent Tank Brigade 3rd Artillery Intelligence Regiment 1 9th Field -
Barbarossa, Soviet Covering Forces and the Initial Period of War: Military History and Airland Battle
WARNING! The views expressed in FMSO publications and reports are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. Barbarossa, Soviet Covering Forces and the Initial Period of War: Military History and Airland Battle Dr. Jacob W. Kipp Foreign Military Studies Office, Fort Leavenworth, KS. 1989 The issues surrounding the German attack upon the Soviet Union in June 1941 continue to attract the attention of historians and military analysts. The nature of the Soviet response to that attack has, as recent articles in Air University Review suggest, set off heated polemics. The appearance of Bryan Fugate's Operation Barbarossa with its assertion that the Soviet High Command did, indeed, have a "realistic plan or operative concept for coping with the situation" marked a major departure from conventional Western scholarly interpretation of the events leading up to the invasion.1 The response by Williamson t1urray and Barry G. Watts that Fugate was "inventing history" to find an unsuspected Soviet military genius where there was none confirms the controversial nature of the issue.2 These authors underscore the impact of surprise and tend to treat it as systemic and general. The Soviet Union, they argue, did not expect the blow and was unprepared for it. Soviet military doctrine and field regulations spoke of the offensive, while neglecting the defense.3 In assessing Soviet perception of the German threat, the authors are at odds not -
Russia, NATO, and Black Sea Security for More Information on This Publication, Visit
Russia, NATO, and Black Sea Security Russia, NATO, C O R P O R A T I O N STEPHEN J. FLANAGAN, ANIKA BINNENDIJK, IRINA A. CHINDEA, KATHERINE COSTELLO, GEOFFREY KIRKWOOD, DARA MASSICOT, CLINT REACH Russia, NATO, and Black Sea Security For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RRA357-1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-1-9774-0568-5 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2020 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover: Cover graphic by Dori Walker, adapted from a photo by Petty Officer 3rd Class Weston Jones. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface The Black Sea region is a central locus of the competition between Russia and the West for the future of Europe. -
Crimea PLAYBOOK PLAYBOOK
Crimea PLAYBOOK PLAYBOOK Game Design by Vance von Borries Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction .................................................... 2 10.3 Scenario 3: Crimea: The Road to Sevastopol .. 25 2.0 Game Basics ................................................... 2 10.4 Scenario 4: Sevastopol: First Assault ............... 27 3.0 Special Rules .................................................. 4 10.5 Scenario 5: Crimean Campaign ....................... 29 4.0 Special Movement Situations ......................... 5 10.6 Scenario 6: Kerch: The Party Boss Attacks ..... 32 5.0 The Sevastopol Inset Map .............................. 6 10.7 Scenario 7: Kerch: Operation Trappenjagd ...... 33 6.0 Air Units ......................................................... 9 10.8 Scenario 8: Sevastopol: Operation Storfang .... 36 7.0 Special Units and Situations ........................... 11 10.9 Scenario 9: The Kerch-Feodosiya Operation ... 38 8.0 Naval Operations ............................................ 13 11.0 Detailed Examples of Play ............................... 43 9.0 How to Set Up a Scenario .............................. 20 12.0 Designer’s Section ........................................... 46 10.0 SCENARIOS .................................................. 20 Credits ...................................................................... 49 10.1 Scenario 1: The Tartar Ditch........................... 20 Counter scans ........................................................... 50 10.2 Scenario 2: Odessa: Hero City ......................