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Brésil En Quête D’Autonomie N° 02/2015 recherches & documents juin 2015 Production d’armement : le Brésil en quête d’autonomie HÉLÈNE MASSON, EDUARDO SIQUEIRA BRICK, KÉVIN MARTIN WWW . FRSTRATEGIE . ORG Ce Recherches&Documents n°2/2015 représente le Volume 1 et la partie introductive du Volume 2, extraits du rapport Etude et évolution de la base industrielle et technologique de défense (BITD) du Brésil, EPS 2012-29, août 2014. Rapport en 4 volumes : Vol.1. BITD et politiques publiques, 123 pages (Hélène Masson, Eduardo Siqueira Brick) ; Vol.2. BITD brésilienne : analyse sectorielle et monographies, 307 pages (Kevin Martin, Hélène Masson, Patrick van den Ende) ; Vol.3. L'industrie spatiale au Brésil, 41 pages (Florence Gaillard-Sborowsky) ; Vol.4. Analyse de l’information scientifique et technique de la BITD brésilienne, 92 pages (TKM). Le Volume 4 est disponible sur le site de la FRS. Edition juin 2015 Manuscrit achevé en août 2014 Édité et diffusé par la Fondation pour la Recherche Stratégique 4 bis rue des Pâtures – 75016 PARIS ISSN : 1966-5156 ISBN : 978-2-911101-83-0 EAN : 9782911101830 WWW.FRSTRATEGIE.ORG 4 BIS RUE DES PÂTURES 75 016 PARIS TÉL. 01 43 13 77 77 FAX 01 43 13 77 78 SIRET 394 095 533 00052 TVA FR74 394 095 533 CODE APE 7220Z FONDATION RECONNUE D'UTILITÉ PUBLIQUE – DÉCRET DU 26 FÉVRIER 1993 Table des matières Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 5 Industries de défense et politiques publiques au Brésil ............................................ 7 Politique de défense, armement et industries ............................................................................................ 7 Textes fondateurs ............................................................................................................................. 7 Stratégie nationale de défense 2008 : un chapitre dédié à la réorganisation de l'industrie de défense et création de SEPROD .................................................................................... 7 Politique nationale de Défense 2013 et autonomie technologique : orientations et objectifs réaffirmés dans le domaine industriel .......................................... 10 La Loi n°12.598 du 22 mars 2012 et son décret du 28 mars 2013 : les marchés publics comme outil privilégié de politique industrielle ................................ 10 Stratégie nationale de Défense 2013 et industries de défense : définition, état des lieux, plan d'actions ............................................................................................... 15 De l'END 2013 au Livre blanc sur la Défense nationale (LBDN, 2013) ou les responsabilités précisées en matière de politique industrielle ................................. 22 Plans d'équipements des forces armées et priorités d'investissement ............................................... 32 Dépenses de défense : une décennie 2000 chaotique ......................................................... 32 Les "Investissements" : le parent pauvre ............................................................................ 35 Dépenses d'équipements 2014 et programmes phares par armées ..................................... 37 PAED : quelle projection à horizon 2031 ? ....................................................................... 42 Offsets directs et partenariats stratégiques................................................................................................ 44 Priorité aux offsets directs à caractère industriel et technologique .................................................. 44 Profiter des investissements étrangers sans pour autant en dépendre .............................................. 48 Un pays en quête de partenariats stratégiques équilibrés ................................................................. 53 Le programme KC-390 : vers un changement de paradigme ? ........................................................ 55 Le Brésil, moteur de l’intégration de l’industrie de défense sud-américaine ................................... 58 Science, technologie et innovation dans le domaine de la défense : un défi majeur ............................... 62 Documents d'orientation .................................................................................................................. 63 Plan Brasil Maior (PBM, 2011) ......................................................................................... 63 ENCTI 2012 – 2015 ........................................................................................................... 66 ST&I et Stratégie nationale de défense 2013 ..................................................................... 67 Les actions des Agences fédérales dépendantes du MCTI et du MDIC .......................................... 69 La FINEP : l’Agence de financement des études et des projets ......................................... 69 Mise en réseaux, incubateurs et parcs technologiques ....................................................... 75 Le rôle clé de la banque nationale de développement BNDES .......................................... 79 Financement de projets de R&D aéronautique et Défense ................................................. 80 Le rôle d'impulsion des Forces armées et de leurs instituts ............................................................. 85 Armée de l’Air : ITA et IAE .............................................................................................. 85 Armée de Terre : IME et CTEx ......................................................................................... 86 Marine : IPqM, CASNAV et CTMSP ................................................................................. 87 FONDATION pour la RECHERCHE STRATÉGIQUE 3 PRODUCTION D'ARMEMENT : LE BRÉSIL EN QUÊTE D'AUTONOMIE RECHERCHES & DOCUMENTS N° 02/2015 BITD brésilienne : caractéristiques et spécificités...................................................... 89 Profil 89 Fondamentaux ............................................................................................................................... 89 Chiffres clés [ABIMDE, AIAB, ABDI, SIPRI] : actionnariat, CA, emplois, formation, exportations ................................................................................................................................... 91 Analyse d'un panel de 93 entreprises (ABIMDE, UFFDefesa) ..................................................... 94 Approche par secteur ................................................................................................................................... 96 Aéronautique militaire ..................................................................................................................... 96 Missiles ............................................................................................................................................ 106 Spatial .............................................................................................................................................. 108 Armement terrestre .......................................................................................................................... 113 Naval ................................................................................................................................................ 119 Electronique ..................................................................................................................................... 128 Conclusion : le Brésil et ses principaux partenaires stratégiques ............................ 140 Bibliographie 143 .................................................................................................................................... Annexes ......................................................................................................................... 145 Annexe 1 - Données clés Géographie, Démographie, Economie, STI .......................................................... 145 Annexe 2 - Partenariats stratégiques [Coopération Armement] .................................................................... 155 France.............................................................................................................................................. 156 Italie ................................................................................................................................................ 167 Allemagne ....................................................................................................................................... 168 Royaume-Uni .................................................................................................................................. 169 Israël................................................................................................................................................ 170 Etats-Unis ........................................................................................................................................ 172 Russie .............................................................................................................................................. 174 Chine ............................................................................................................................................... 176 Afrique du Sud ................................................................................................................................ 177 Suède ..............................................................................................................................................
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