Turkish Journal of Zoology Turk J Zool (2017) 41: 1083-1095 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/ © TÜBİTAK Short Communication doi:10.3906/zoo-1611-9

First results of a faunistic survey on the of Jadovnik Mountain, southwestern , with data on the calling songs of some bush cricket species

Slobodan IVKOVIĆ* Lovačka 14, 21410 Futog, Serbia

Received: 04.11.2016 Accepted/Published Online: 19.06.2017 Final Version: 21.11.2017

Abstract: During field trips conducted in 2015 and 2016 at 22 different localities on Jadovnik Mountain, 68 species were recorded. The calling songs of 4 species were studied in detail, and a new song type of Isophya clara was described. Metrioptera brachyptera and Locusta migratoria are rerecorded for the first time in 40 years for the Serbian fauna.

Key words: Serbia, Jadovnik, Sopotnica Waterfalls, bioacoustics, Isophya clara, Locusta migratoria

Jadovnik Mountain is located in southwestern Serbia, of Jadovnik Mountain. Specimens were obtained by net on the western edge of Pešter plateau, between sweeping of herb and shrub vegetation, beating from trees and , near the border of Montenegro. Triassic and shrubs, individual collection of specimens, and night sandstones and limestones form this 12-km long mountain collecting using a headlamp. In addition, collecting using with its highest peak being Katunić (elevation 1734 m pitfall traps was conducted. Localities where material was a.s.l.; Marković, 1990). The high parts are covered with collected/observed are represented in the Table. meadows and pastures, while the slopes are covered with Material was usually identified in the field. For more dense beech and spruce forests. Jadovnik is best known detailed analysis, Poecilimon, Isophya, Barbitistes, and for Sopotnica Waterfalls, which in 2005 was proclaimed a Metrioptera males were taken alive to the laboratory where Natural Monument. their calling song was recorded. Prepared specimens in Until now, no faunistic study about Orthoptera has 96% ethanol are deposited in the author’s private collection. been conducted on this mountain. There is only very Images of species and habitats were taken with Sony limited information available about the Orthoptera fauna A58 digital SLR camera equipped with a Tamron SP AF of western Serbia (e.g., in Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882; 90 mm f/2.8 Di Macro lens. Image editing was done using Pančić, 1883; Grebenščikov, 1950; Stevanović, 1953; Silkypix Developer Studio Pro 6 and Adobe Photoshop Adamović, 1970; Adamović, 1975; Pavićević and Karaman, software. Stridulatory files were studied with a scanning 2001; Ingrisch and Pavićević, 2010; Karaman et al., 2011; electron microscope (JEOL JSM 6460 LV) at the UCEM– Pavićević et al., 2014) However, there are detailed studies NS (University Centre for Electron Microscopy, Novi Sad). for neighboring areas in Montenegro indicating a high Audio recordings were taken with a Roland R-05 diversity in Orthoptera (Ingrisch and Pavićević, 2012). In digital audio recorder (microphone frequency response Serbia, 182 species have been recorded so far (Pavićević et of 0.02–40 kHz; sampling rate of 96 kHz). Sound analysis al., 2014; Ivković et al., 2015; Pavićević and Ivković, 2015; and figures of the oscillograms were prepared using Iorgu et al., 2016). The aim of this paper is to present data Adobe Audio CC 2015 software and Cool Edit Pro 2.1. on the Orthoptera of Jadovnik Mountain, together with All analyzed recordings in this paper were uploaded to the new information about ecology and songs of species that Orthoptera Species File website (Eades et al., 2016). have been recently described and are little known in Serbia. For the song terminology, Heller et al. (2004) was This research was conducted in 2 periods, during used. Calling song: song produced by an isolated male. 9–14 July 2015 and 16–23 July 2016. In the first year Functional unit of the song: the smallest part of the observations were performed mostly in the area of song, which contains all necessary song elements in the Sopotnica Waterfalls Natural Monument, while in the appropriate order to elicit female response. Syllable: second year this research was expanded to other localities the sound produced by one complete up (opening) and * Correspondence: [email protected] 1083 IVKOVIĆ / Turk J Zool

Table. List of localities where the material was collected.

Locality Coordinates Altitude (m) Description of habitat 1 Sopotnica Ra 43.307, 19.733 960 pasture with Robina pseudoacacia trees near the road 2 Sopotnica (meadow) 43.306, 19.738 1000 mesophilous meadow with small stream 3 Sopotnica Co 43.305, 19.737 970 pasture with Corylus trees on the edge pasture that is heavily grazed by sheep. On the upper 4 Sopotnica Waterfalls 43.302, 19.739 960 part with Juniperus trees. 5 Sopotnica (forest meadow) 43.297, 19.735 850 forest meadow 6 Čelina 43.292, 19.734 995 roadside in the forest with small parts with low grass 7 Čelina (forest edge) 43.289, 19.734 1075 forest edge, on upper parts mesophilous meadow 8 Čelina (roadside) 43.288, 19.736 1125 roadside surrounded with bushes and low vegetation heavily grazed pasture with rocks, eastern part is lower 9 Vodice 43.280, 19.745 1150 mesophilous meadow 10 Vodice (roadside) 43.280, 19.747 1155 roadside with small bushes and rocks 11 Sopotnica (hiking trail) 43.308, 19.739 1040 hiking trail with stones 12 V. Rastovac 43.310, 19.743 1150 mesophilous meadow 13 Ogoreljača 43.311, 19.752 1310 forest glade with Rubus sp. Ogoreljača–Mali Jadovnik 14 43.307, 19.763 1460 mesophilous meadow in spruce forest (meadow) Ogoreljača–Mali Jadovnik 15 43.308, 19.767 1490 roadside surrounded with mesophilous meadows (roadside) 16 Mali Jadovnik (roadside) 43.306, 19.772 1520 roadside surrounded with mesophilous meadows 17 Mali Jadovnik (meadow) 43.299, 19.785 1540 mesophilous meadow with Juniperus and rocks 18 Mali Jadovnik–forest roadside 43.302, 19.794 1510 forest roadside 19 Derventa 43.305, 19.803 1250 mesophilous meadows 20 Gvozd 43.320, 19.783 1142 mesophilous meadows 21 Kobilja Glava 43.326, 19.779 1270 forest roadside 22 Divljaci 43.323, 19.744 1055 mesophilous meadows down (closing) stroke of the forewings. Impulse: a simple, 22.07.2016; 1♂, Sopotnica (meadow) (2), 10.07.2015; undivided, transient train of sound waves. After-click: 1♂, same locality, 17.07.2016; 1♂, Sopotnica Co (3), click produced with considerable delay after the main 17.07.2016. impulse group. ECOLOGY: Herbicole. Specimens were identified using the following main 2. Phaneroptera nana Fieber, 1853: 1♂, Sopotnica literature sources: Ramme (1951), Harz (1969, 1975), Co (3), 12.07.2015; 1♂, Čelina (roadside) (8), 18.07.2016. Willemse et al. (2009), Iorgu and Iorgu (2008), Ingrisch ECOLOGY: Arbusticole–arboricole. and Pavićević (2012), and Sardet et al. (2015). Isophya Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 Classification is based on the Orthoptera Species File 3. Isophya speciosa (Frivaldsky, 1867): 2♂♂, 1♀, Online, v.5.0/5.0 (Eades et al., 2016). Sopotnica Ra (1), 22.07.2016; 1♂, Sopotnica Waterfalls List of species (4), 10.07.2015; 2♂♂, same locality, 17.07.2016; 3♂♂, 2♀♀, Čelina (forest edge) (7), 18.07.2016; 2♂♂, Vodice Phaneropteridae Burmeister, 1838 (9), 18.07.2016; 1♂, V. Rastovac (12), 19.07.2016; 4♂♂, Phaneropterinae Burmeister, 1838 1♀, Ogoreljača–Mali Jadovnik (roadside) (15), 19.07.2016. Phaneroptera Serville, 1831 ECOLOGY: Pratinicole; herbicole. 1. Phaneroptera falcata (, 1761): 1♂, 4. Isophya modestior Brunner von Wattenwyl, Sopotnica Ra (1), 10.07.2015; 1♂, 1♀, same locality, 1882: 2♂♂, Sopotnica Waterfalls (4), 10.07.2015; 1♂, same

1084 IVKOVIĆ / Turk J Zool locality, 17.07.2016; 2♂♂, Sopotnica (forest meadow) (5), 18.07.2016; 5♂♂, 1♀, Čelina (forest edge) (7), 18.07.2016. ECOLOGY: Pratinicole; herbicole. 5. Isophya clara Ingrisch & Pavićević, 2010 (Figure 1): 2♂♂, 1♀, Gvozd (20), 12.07.2015; 2♂♂, 3♀♀, same locality 20.07.2016; 2♂♂, Kobilja Glava (21), 20.07.2016; 2♂♂, Divljaci (22), 20.07.2016. ECOLOGY: Pratinicole; herbicole. Remarks: I. clara was found in large numbers, mostly in mesophilous meadows. In the locality Gvozd (20) in 2015, this species was detected in mesophilous meadow, but in 2016 the same locality had been mowed and so most were found in higher and drier meadows. Males began to sing in the afternoon and they sang until dark. Figure 1. Isophya clara (male). Ingrisch and Pavićević (2010) wrote that the song of I. clara consists of single, decrescending syllables with 20–31 Barbitistes Charpentier, 1825 impulses each without after-clicks. In song recordings of Barbitistes serricauda (Fabricius, 1794): 1♂, 2 males from Jadovnik Mountain (Gvozd), syllables with 6. after-clicks (n 6) were detected (impulse number of main Sopotnica Ra (1), 22.07.2016. group 24–29: n = 26; 29 °C; Figure 2). A similar syllable ECOLOGY: Silvicole; arbusticole–arboricole. structure (Figure 3) was recorded in a population from 7. Barbitistes yersini Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878: Ovčar-Kablar Gorge (western Serbia). In both populations, 1♂, Sopotnica Co (3), 17.07.2016; 6♂♂, 1♀, Sopotnica the songs were formed of series of syllables (3–9). Syllables Waterfalls (4), 10.07.2015. in specimens from Gvozd consisted of a main part of 200– ECOLOGY: Pratinicole–silvicole; arbusticole– 306 ms and after-clicks with a total duration of 570–585 arboricole. ms, with intervals between them of 1–1.5 s. In a specimen Leptophyes Fieber, 1853 from Ovčar-Kablar Gorge, the song consisted of main part 8. Leptophyes albovittata (Kollar, 1833): 1♂, 1♀, of 212–286 ms and after-clicks with a total duration of 467– Sopotnica Waterfalls (4), 11.07.2015; 1♀, same locality, 539 ms, with intervals between syllables of 0.877–1.886 s. 17.7.2016; 3♂♂, V. Rastovac (12), 19.07.2016. Stridulatory files of specimens from both populations ECOLOGY: Pratinicole. show a different number of teeth than those published by 9. Leptophyes discoidalis (Frivaldsky, 1867): 2♂♂, Ingrisch and Pavićević (2010) (58–72). Specimens from Sopotnica Co (3), 17.07.2016; 1♂, 1♀, Čelina (6), 18.07.2016. Gvozd have 74 teeth (Figure 4A), while a specimen from ECOLOGY: Silvicole; arbusticole. Ovčar-Kablar Gorge has 49 teeth (Figure 4B). Poecilimon Fischer, 1853

Figure 2. Isophya clara, oscillograms of male calling song from Gvozd. A) 6 syllables; B) syllable with after-click.

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Figure 3. Isophya clara, oscillograms of male calling song from Ovčar-Kablar Gorge. A) 6 syllables; B) syllable with after-click.

Figure 4. SEM photographs of the stridulatory files: (A)Isophya clara, Gvozd; (B) Isophya clara, Ovčar-Kablar Gorge.

10. Poecilimon affinis dinaricus Ingrisch & 1 male (n 27, 20 °C) consists of single syllables (Figure 7A) Pavićević, 2010 (Figure 5): 3♂♂, 1♀, Ogoreljača–Mali lasting 64–81 ms with intervals between them of 5–15 s. Jadovnik (meadow) (14), 12.07.2015; 3♂♂, 3♀♀, same Songs of 2 males (n 8, 28 °C) also consist of single syllables locality, 20.07.2016. (Figure 7B) lasting 64–68 ms, with intervals between them ECOLOGY: Pratinicole; herbicole–arbusticole. of 5.5–11.5 s. Remarks: P. affinis dinaricus was found in moist forest Stridulatory file has 153 teeth (Figure 4C). This meadow (Figure 6). observation represents the second locality in Serbia for In the first year of observation, onlyE. brachyptera this species, as there were only 2 data in the literature that was found together with this species, while in 2016 a large referred to (Ingrisch and Pavićević, 2010; population of P. pseudornatus was also found together with Pavićević et al., 2014). P. affinis dinaricus, as well as a few M. brachyptera on the 11. Poecilimon pseudornatus Ingrisch and edge of the meadow. Specimens were found by their song, Pavićević, 2010 (Figure 9): 7♂♂, 4♀♀, Sopotnica Ra which they produced only during daytime, while males (1), 10.07.2015; 10♂♂, 6♀♀, same locality, 22.07.2016; were singing day and night in captivity. Recorded song of 3♂♂, 3♀♀, Sopotnica (meadow) (2), 09.07.2015; 4♂♂,

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Figure 5. Poecilimon affinis dinaricus (male). Figure 6. Locality: Ogoreljača–Mali Jadovnik (meadow).

Figure 7. Calling song of Poecilimon affinis dinaricus males from Ogoreljača–Mali Jadovnik (meadow). Syllables at different temperatures: A) syllable at 20 °C; B) syllable at 28 °C.

Figure 9. Poecilimon pseudornatus (male). Figure 8. SEM image of the stridulatory file in Poecilimon affinis dinaricus, Ogoreljača–Mali Jadovnik (meadow).

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1♀, same locality, 17.07.2016; 2♂♂, 1♀, Sopotnica Co ECOLOGY: Pratinicole–silvicole; herbicole– (3), 10.07.2015; 5♂♂, same locality, 17.07.2016; 5♂♂, arbusticole. 2♀♀, Čelina (6), 18.07.2016; 3♂♂, Čelina (forest edge) 13. Poecilimon thoracicus (Fieber, 1853): 5♂♂, (7), 18.07.2016; 12♂♂, 10♀♀, Vodice (9), 18.07.2016; 6♀♀, Sopotnica Co (3), 10.07.2015; 2♂♂, same locality, 7♂♂, 4♀♀, V. Rastovac (12), 19.07.2016; 10♂♂, 3♀♀, 17.07.2016; 1♂, 3♀♀, Čelina (forest edge) (7), 18.07.2016; Ogoreljača–Mali Jadovnik (meadow) (14), 20.07.2016; 10♂♂, 2♀♀, V. Rastovac (12), 19.07.2016. 5♂♂, 1♀, Ogoreljača–Mali Jadovnik (roadside) (15), ECOLOGY: Pratinicole; herbicole. 19.07.2016; 3♂♂, 3♀♀, Mali Jadovnik (roadside) (16), 14. Poecilimon fussii Fieber, 1878: 2♂♂, Sopotnica 19.07.2016; 4♂♂, 3♀♀, Gvozd (20), 20.07.2016; 2♂♂, 1♀, Waterfalls (4), 17.07.2016; 5♂♂, 3♀♀, Sopotnica (forest Kobilja Glava (21), 20.07.2016. meadow) (5), 18.07.2016; 7♂♂, 3♀♀, Čelina (forest edge) ECOLOGY: Pratinicole–silvicole; herbicole– (7), 18.07.2016; 4♂♂, 1♀, Mali Jadovnik (meadow) (17), arbusticole. 20.07.2016. Remarks: Poecilimon pseudornatus was the most ECOLOGY: Pratinicole; herbicole. common species on Jadovnik Mountain. Specimens were Polysarcus Fieber, 1853 found mostly in mesophilous meadows, where they were 15. Polysarcus denticauda (Charpentier, 1825): singing and walking (similar to P. denticauda) or sitting 2♂♂, Sopotnica (meadow) (2), 09.07.2015; 6♂♂, Čelina on Rubus bushes. Males were singing throughout the day (forest edge) (7), 18.07.2016; 2♂♂, Vodice (9), 18.07.2016; until late in the night (observed in specimens around the 5♂♂, 1♀, Vodice (roadside) (10), 18.07.2016; 3♂♂, 3♀♀, mountain lodge). Song was recorded from 2 different Mali Jadovnik (roadside) (16), 19.07.2016; 2♂♂, 6♀♀, populations—Sopotnica Ra and Ogoreljača–Mali Jadovnik Derventa (19), 20.07.2016. (roadside). Song in both males consisted of single, loud ECOLOGY: Pratinicole; graminicole. syllables (Figures 10A and 10B), lasting 300–331 ms Krauss, 1902 with intervals between 3.5–4 s in Sopotnica Ra (n 16, 28 Meconematinae Burmeister, 1838 °C), and 284–309 ms with intervals between 4.5–6.5 s in Meconema Serville, 1831 Ogoreljača–Mali Jadovnik (roadside) (n 11, 28 °C). 16. Meconema thalassinum (De Geer, 1773): 1♂ A male from Sopotnica Ra has 252 stridulatory teeth (nymph), Sopotnica Ra (1), 22.07.2016; 1♂ (nymph), (Figure 11A); another from Ogoreljača–Mali Jadovnik Sopotnica Co (3), 10.07.2015; same locality, 1♂, 17.07.2016; (roadside), 225 (Figure 11B). 1♀ (nymph), Čelina (roadside) (8), 18.07.2016. 12. Poecilimon gracilis (Fieber, 1853): 4♂♂, ECOLOGY: Silvicole; arboricole. 2♀♀, Sopotnica Co (3), 10.07.2015; 2♂♂, same locality, Conocephalinae Burmeister, 1838 17.07.2016; 1♂, Ogoreljača (13), 19.07.2016. Conocephalus Thunberg, 1815

Figure 10. Poecilimon pseudornatus, oscillograms of male calling song at 28 °C from: A) Sopotnica Ra; B) Ogoreljača–Mali Jadovnik (roadside).

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Figure 11. SEM photographs of the stridulatory files: (A)Poecilimon pseudornatus, Sopotnica Ra; (B) Poecilimon pseudornatus, Ogoreljača–Mali Jadovnik (roadside).

17. Conocephalus fuscus (Fabricius, 1793): 1♂ 23. Metrioptera brachyptera (Linnaeus, 1761) (nymph), Sopotnica (meadow) (2), 10.07.2015; 1♂, same (Figure 12): 3♂♂ (2 nymphs), 1♀ (nymph), Ogoreljača– locality, 17.07.2016. Mali Jadovnik (meadow) (14), 20.07.2016. ECOLOGY: Pratinicole. ECOLOGY: Pratinicole; graminicole. Ruspolia Schulthess, 1898 Remarks: Most M. brachyptera specimens were found 18. Ruspolia nitidula (Scopoli, 1786): 2♂♂, as nymphs. For this species only 5, mainly old, localities in Sopotnica (meadow) (2), 10.07.2015; 1♂, same locality, Serbia have been published: Čemerno Mountain (Pančić, 17.07.2016; 1♂, Vodice (roadside) (10), 18.07.2016. 1883); Golija Mountain (Stevanović, 1953); Kopaonik ECOLOGY: Pratinicole. Mountain (Čejchan, 1961), and the mountains Stolovi and Krauss, 1902 Željin (Adamović, 1970). Tettigonia Linnaeus, 1758 Bicolorana Zeuner, 1941 19. Tettigonia viridissima (Linnaeus, 1758): 2♂♂, 24. Bicolorana bicolor (Philippi, 1830): 1♀, Sopotnica Sopotnica Co (3), 10.07.2015; 1♂, 1♀, Čelina (forest edge) (meadow) (2), 12.07.2015; 1♂, same locality, 17.07.2016; (7), 18.07.2016; 1♂, V. Rastovac (12), 19.07.2016; 1♂, 1♀, Čelina (forest edge) (7), 18.07.2016; 4♀♀, V. Rastovac Ogoreljača–Mali Jadovnik (roadside) (15), 19.07.2016; (12), 19.07.2016; 1♂, 1♀, Sopotnica Co (3), 17.07.2016. 1♂, Mali Jadovnik (roadside) (16), 19.07.2016; 2♂♂, ECOLOGY: Pratinicole; graminicole. 1♀, Derventa (19), 20.07.2016; 1♀, Kobilja Glava (21), Roeseliana Zeuner, 1941 20.07.2016; 1♂, 1♀, Divljaci (22), 20.07.2016. 25. Roeseliana roeselii (Hagenbach, 1822): 1♂, ECOLOGY: Pratinicole (silvicole); graminicole– Sopotnica (meadow) (2), 12.07.2015; 2♂♂, same locality, arboricole. Decticus Serville, 1831 20. Decticus verrucivorus (Linnaeus, 1758): 3♂♂, Sopotnica (meadow) (2), 12.07.2015; 2♀♀, same locality, 17.07.2016; 1♂, Vodice (9), 18.07.2016; 1♂, V. Rastovac (12), 19.07.2016. ECOLOGY: Pratinicole; terricole–herbicole. Platycleis Fieber, 1853 21. Platycleis affinis Fieber, 1853: 1♂, 1♀, Kobilja Glava (21), 20.07.2016. ECOLOGY: Pratinicole; graminicole. 22. Platycleis grisea (Fabricius, 1781): 2♂♂, 1♀, Sopotnica Waterfalls (4), 10.07.2015; 2♂♂, 2♀, same locality, 17.07.2016; 3♂♂, Čelina (roadside) (8), 18.07.2016. ECOLOGY: Pratinicole; graminicole–herbicole. Metrioptera Zeuner, 1941 Figure 12. Metrioptera brachyptera (male).

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17.07.2016; 1♂, Čelina (forest edge) (7), 18.07.2016; 1♂, 31. Psorodonotus macedonicus Ramme, 1931: Vodice (9), 18.07.2016; 3♂♂, V. Rastovac (12), 19.07.2016; 2♂♂, 1♀, Sopotnica Waterfalls (4), 10.07.2015; 10♂♂, 1♂, Ogoreljača–Mali Jadovnik (roadside) (15), 19.07.2016; 4♀♀, Sopotnica (forest meadow) (5), 18.07.2016; 6♂♂, 2♂♂, Derventa (19), 20.07.2016. 2♀♀, Vodice (roadside) (10), 18.07.2016; 5♂♂, Mali ECOLOGY: Pratinicole; graminicole. Jadovnik (roadside) (16), 19.07.2016. Wesmaël, 1838 ECOLOGY: Pratinicole; terricole–graminicole. 26. Pholidoptera aptera karnyi Ebner, 1908: 5♂♂, Remarks: This species was previously recorded on Sopotnica Waterfalls (4), 10.07.2015; 3♂♂, same locality, 3 mountains in southern Serbia (Ebner, 1924; Us, 1938; 17.07.2016; 10♂♂, 3♀♀, Sopotnica (forest meadow) Ramme, 1951; Matvejev, 1965). Jadovnik Mountain (5), 18.07.2016; 4♂♂, 1♀, Čelina (6), 18.07.2016; 2♂♂, represents the northernmost locality of its distribution. 2♀♀, Ogoreljača (13), 19.07.2016; 2♂♂, Ogoreljača–Mali Kaya et al. (2015) mention that boundaries with the Jadovnik (roadside) (15), 19.07.2016; 5♂♂, 2♀♀, Mali ranges of 2 other Balkan species are not clear and so it Jadovnik (roadside) (16), 19.07.2016. is necessary to investigate the distribution of this genus in southwestern Serbia. Song consists of isolated syllables ECOLOGY: Silvicole; terricole–arbusticole. followed by 1–2 isolated impulses (Figures 13A and 13B). 27. Pholidoptera frivaldszkyi (Herman, 1871): Stridulatory file has 91 teeth (Figure 14), fewer than 2♂♂, 2♀♀, Sopotnica Waterfalls (4), 10.07.2015; 10♂♂, reported in Kaya et al. (2015). 6♀♀, Sopotnica (forest meadow) (5), 12.07.2015. Pachytrachis Uvarov, 1940 ECOLOGY: Pratinicole; graminicole. 32. Pachytrachis gracilis (Brunner von Wattenwyl, ♂♂ ♀ 28. Pholidoptera fallax (Fischer, 1853): 5 , 1 , 1861): 5♂♂, 1♀, Sopotnica (meadow) (2), 12.07.2015; Vodice (roadside) (10), 18.07.2016; 3♂♂, 2♀♀, Mali 1♂, same locality, 17.07.2016; 2♂♂, Sopotnica Co (3), Jadovnik (roadside) (16), 19.07.2016. 17.07.2016; 1♂, Čelina (6), 18.07.2016; 6♂♂, 4♀♀, ECOLOGY: Silvicole; arbusticole. Vodice (roadside) (10), 18.07.2016; 5♂♂, 3♀♀, Sopotnica 29. Pholidoptera griseoaptera (De Geer, 1773): (hiking trail) (11), 30.08.2016; 6♂♂, Ogoreljača (13), 2♂♂, Sopotnica Waterfalls (4), 10.07.2015; 3♂♂, 1♀, 19.07.2016; 2♂♂, 3♀♀, Derventa (19), 20.07.2016. same locality, 17.07.2016; 1♂, Ogoreljača (13), 19.07.2016. ECOLOGY: Silvicole; terricole–arbusticole. ECOLOGY: Silvicole; terricole–arbusticole. Rhacocleis Fieber, 1853 Eupholidoptera Maran, 1953 33. Rhacocleis germanica (Herrich-Schäffer, 30. Eupholidoptera schmidti (Fieber, 1861): 1♂, 1840): 1♂, Vodice (9), 18.07.2016. Sopotnica Ra (1), 22.07.2016. ECOLOGY: Pratinicole; graminicole. ECOLOGY: Silvicole; terricole–arbusticole. Bradyporinae Burmeister, 1838 Psorodonotus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1861 Ephippiger Berthold, 1827

Figure 13. Psorodonotus macedonicus, oscillograms of male calling song. A) 3 syllables; B) syllable with 2 impulses.

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ECOLOGY: Terricole. Oecanthinae Blanchard, 1845 Oecanthus Serville, 1831 39. Oecanthus pellucens (Scopoli, 1763): 3♂♂ (nymphs), 1♀ (nymph), Sopotnica (meadow) (2), 12.07.2015; 1♂ (nymph), same locality, 17.07.2016; 2♀♀ (nymphs), Čelina (roadside) (8), 18.07.2016; 1♂ (nymph), V. Rastovac (12), 19.07.2016; 2♂♂ (nymphs), 1♀(nymph), Derventa (19), 20.07.2016. ECOLOGY: Pratinicole–silvicole; herbicole– arboricole. Caelifera Tetrigidae Serville, 1838 Tetriginae Serville, 1838 Tetrix Latreille, 1802 Figure 14. SEM image of the stridulatory file in Psorodonotus 40. Tetrix subulata (Linnaeus, 1758): 2♀♀, Vodice macedonicus, Sopotnica Waterfalls. (roadside) (10), 18.07.2016. ECOLOGY: Pratinicole; terricole. 41. Tetrix bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Figure 15): 34. Ephippiger ephippiger (Fiebig, 1784): 1♀, 2♂♂, 4♀♀, Mali Jadovnik (meadow) (17), 20.07.2016. Sopotnica (meadow) (2), 31.08.2016; 2♂♂ (nymphs), ECOLOGY: Silvicole; terricole. Sopotnica Co (3), 10.07.2015; 5♂♂ (nymphs), 1♀ 42. Tetrix tenuicornis (Sahlberg, 1891): 1♂, (nymph), same locality, 17.07.2016; 1♂ (nymph), Sopotnica Waterfalls (4), 10.07.2015; 2♀♀, same locality, Sopotnica Waterfalls (4), 10.07.2015; 3♂♂ (nymphs), same 17.07.2016; 1♂, 1♀, Sopotnica (forest meadow) (5), locality, 17.07.2016; 2♂♂ (nymphs), Čelina (roadside) (8), 18.07.2016; 1♂, 3♀♀, Čelina (6), 18.07.2016; 2♂♂, Vodice 18.07.2016. (roadside) (10), 18.07.2016; 2♀♀, Mali Jadovnik–forest ECOLOGY: Pratinicole–silvicole; arbusticole. roadside (18), 20.07.2016. Rhaphidophoridae Walker, 1869 ECOLOGY: Pratinicole; terricole. Troglophilinae Krauss, 1879 Acrididae MacLeay, 1821 Troglophilus Krauss, 1879 Melanoplinae Scudder, 1897 ♂ 35. Troglophilus cavicola (Kollar, 1833): 2 (1 Podisma Berthold, 1827 nymph), beech forest (43.305, 19.741)1, 19.07.2016. 43. Podisma pedestris (Linnaeus, 1758) (Figure Collected in traps only. 16): 2♂♂, 5♀♀, Vodice (roadside) (10), 18.07.2016; 2♀♀, ECOLOGY: Silvicole; terricole; cavernicole. Ogoreljača–Mali Jadovnik (roadside) (15), 12.07.2015; 1♂, Gryllidae Laicharting, 1781 1♀, same locality, 19.07.2016. Gryllinae Laicharting, 1781 Gryllus Linnaeus, 1758 36. Gryllus (Gryllus) campestris Linnaeus, 1758: 6♂♂, 1♀, Sopotnica (meadow) (2), 12.07.2015; 3♂♂, same locality, 17.07.2016; 5♂♂, Čelina (roadside) (8), 18.07.2016; 5♂♂, V. Rastovac (12), 19.07.2016; 10♂♂, Derventa (19), 20.07.2016. ECOLOGY: Pratinicole; terricole. Melanogryllus Chopard, 1961 37. Melanogryllus desertus (Pallas, 1771): 1♂, Vodice (roadside) (10), 18.07.2016. ECOLOGY: Pratinicole; terricole. Nemobiinae Saussure, 1877 Pteronemobius Jacobson, 1904 38. Pteronemobius heydenii (Fischer, 1853): 3♂♂, Sopotnica (meadow) (2), 12.07.2015; 5♂♂, same locality, 17.07.2016; 5♂♂, Sopotnica Co (3) 17.07.2016. 1 As only one species was found in this locality, it was not added to the Table. Figure 15. Tetrix bipunctata (female).

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Figure 16. Podisma pedestris (male). Figure 17. Galvagniella albanica (male).

ECOLOGY: Pratinicole; terricole–herbicole. 49. Paracaloptenus caloptenoides (Brunner von Galvagniella Harz, 1973 Wattenwyl, 1861): 15♂♂, 7♀♀, Sopotnica Waterfalls (4), 44. Galvagniella albanica (Mishchenko, 1952) (Figure 10.07.2015; 8♂♂, 10♀♀, same locality, 17.07.2016; 5♂♂, 17): 1♂, 2♀♀, Sopotnica Waterfalls (4), 17.07.2016; 3♀♀, 3♀♀, Čelina (roadside) (8), 18.07.2016; 8♂♂, 10♀♀, Sopotnica (forest meadow) (5), 18.07.2016; 1♂, 1♀, Čelina Vodice (9), 18.07.2016; 10♂♂, 3♀♀, Vodice (roadside) (6), 18.07.2016; 1♀, Čelina (forest edge) (7), 18.07.2016; 1♂, (10), 18.07.2016; 4♂♂, 5♀♀, Sopotnica (hiking trail) (11), 1♀, Vodice (9), 18.07.2016. 19.07.2016; 7♂♂, 2♀♀, same locality, 30.08.2016; 4♂♂, ECOLOGY: Pratinicole–silvicole; herbicole. 2♀♀, Derventa (19), 20.07.2016; 3♂♂, 6♀♀, Kobilja Pseudopodisma Mishchenko, 1947 Glava (21), 20.07.2016. 45. Pseudopodisma fieberi (Scudder, 1897): 5♂♂, ECOLOGY: Pratinicole–silvicole; terricole–herbicole. 2♀♀, Gvozd (20), 20.07.2016. Oedipodinae Walker, 1871 ECOLOGY: Pratinicole–silvicole; herbicole Psophus Fieber, 1853 Odontopodisma Dovnar-Zapolskij, 1932 50. Psophus stridulus (Linnaeus, 1758): 6♂♂, ♂♂ 46. Odontopodisma decipiens Ramme, 1951: 2 , 2♀♀, Sopotnica Waterfalls (4), 10.07.2015, 17.07.2016; ♀ ♂♂ ♀♀ 1 , Sopotnica (meadow) (2), 12.07.2015; 3 , 3 , same 1♀, Sopotnica (hiking trail) (11), 19.07.2016; 2♀♀, Mali locality, 17.07.2016; 2♂♂, Sopotnica Co (3), 10.07.2015; Jadovnik (meadow) (17), 20.07.2016. 2♂♂, 1♀, same locality, 17.07.2016; 1♂, Sopotnica Waterfalls ECOLOGY: Pratinicole; terricole. (4), 17.07.2016; 3♂♂, 1♀, same locality, 31.08.2016; 1♂, Locusta Linnaeus, 1758 1♀, Čelina (6), 18.07.2016; 2♂♂, Čelina (roadside) (8), 51. Locusta migratoria (Linnaeus, 1758): 1♂, 18.07.2016; 7♂♂, 4♀♀, same locality, Gvozd (20), 20.07.2016. Sopotnica (meadow) (2), 12.07.2015. ECOLOGY: Pratinicole; herbicole–arbusticole. ECOLOGY: Pratinicole. Catantopinae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893 Pezotettix Burmeister, 1840 Remarks: Previous findings of L. migratoria in Serbia 47. Pezotettix giornae (Rossi, 1794): 2♂♂, 2♀♀, were reported from the Danube (Pančić, 1883; Graber, Sopotnica (meadow) (2), 12.07.2015; 5♀♀, same locality, 1870; Grebenščikov, 1949; Adamović, 1970a), and one 17.07.2016; 7♂♂, 5♀♀, Sopotnica Waterfalls (4), 31.08.2016; from Prokuplje (Us, 1938). As there were no marshes or 3♂♂, V. Rastovac (12), 19.07.2016; 4♂♂, 6♀♀, Derventa larger swampy areas, which are typical habitats for this (19), 20.07.2016. species, it is possible that this specimen had flown from ECOLOGY: Pratinicole; terricole–herbicole. the Lim River, where suitable habitats for hygrophilous Calliptaminae Tinkham, 1940 Orthoptera species are present. Calliptamus Serville, 1831 Oedipoda Latreille, 1829 48. Calliptamus italicus (Linnaeus, 1758): 5♀♀, 52. Oedipoda caerulescens (Linnaeus, 1758): 1♂, Sopotnica Ra (1), 10.07.2015; 2♂♂, 2♀♀, same locality, Sopotnica Waterfalls (4), 10.07.2015; 1♂, 17.07.2016; 1♂, 22.07.2016; 2♂♂, 2♀♀, Čelina (roadside) (8), 18.07.2016; 2♀♀, Čelina (roadside) (8), 18.07.2016; 3♂♂, Sopotnica 1♂, Derventa (19), 20.07.2016. (hiking trail) (11), 30.08.2016. ECOLOGY: Pratinicole; terricole–herbicole. ECOLOGY: Pratinicole; terricole. Paracaloptenus Bolívar, 1878 Aiolopus Fieber, 1853

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53. Aiolopus thalassinus (Fabricius, 1781): 1♀, Sopotnica Waterfalls (4), 10.07.2015. ECOLOGY: Pratinicole. Gomphocerinae Fieber, 1853 Arcyptera Serville, 1838 54. Arcyptera fusca (Pallas, 1773): 1♂, Mali Jadovnik (meadow) (17), 30.08.2016. ECOLOGY: Pratinicole; terricole Euthystira Fieber, 1852 55. Euthystira brachyptera (Ocskay, 1826): 4♂♂, 1♀, Sopotnica Waterfalls (4), 17.07.2016; 7♂♂, 3♀♀, Vodice (roadside) (10), 18.07.2016; 2♂♂, 1♀, Čelina (forest edge) (7), 18.07.2016; 1♂, 4♀, V. Rastovac (12), 19.07.2016; 2♂♂, Ogoreljača–Mali Jadovnik (meadow) Figure 18. Stenobothrus rubicundulus (male). (14), 20.07.2016; 1♂, 1♀, Ogoreljača–Mali Jadovnik (roadside) (15), 19.07.2016; 2♂♂, 2♀♀, Mali Jadovnik (roadside) (16), 19.07.2016; 1♂, 3♀♀, Derventa (19), ECOLOGY: Pratinicole; graminicole. 20.07.2016. Chorthippus Fieber, 1852 ECOLOGY: Pratinicole; graminicole. 63. Chorthippus mollis (Charpentier, 1825): 4♂♂, Omocestus Bolívar, 1878 Sopotnica Co (3), 10.07.2015. 56. Omocestus rufipes (Zetterstedt, 1821): 2♂♂, ECOLOGY: Pratinicole; terricole–graminicole. Sopotnica Waterfalls (4), 10.07.2015; 1♂, same locality, 64. Chorthippus brunneus (Thunberg, 1815): 5♂♂, 17.07.2016; 1♂, Vodice (9), 18.07.2016; 1♂, V. Rastovac 1♀, Sopotnica Waterfalls (4), 10.07.2015; 2♂♂, same (12), 19.07.2016. locality, 17.07.2016; 2♂♂, 2♀♀, Sopotnica (hiking trail) ECOLOGY: Pratinicole–silvicole; terricole–herbicole. (11), 30.08.2016; 1♂, V. Rastovac (12), 19.07.2016. Stenobothrus Fischer, 1853 ECOLOGY: Pratinicole; terricole–graminicole. 57. Stenobothrus lineatus (Panzer, 1796): 2♀♀, 65. Chorthippus biguttulus (Linnaeus, 1758): Sopotnica Waterfalls (4), 10.07.2015; 3♂♂, 1♀, same 2♂♂, Vodice (9), 18.07.2016; 3♂♂, Mali Jadovnik–forest locality, 17.07.2016; 1♂, Vodice (9), 18.07.2016; 5♂♂, roadside (18), 20.07.2016. 3♀♀, Vodice (roadside) (10), 18.07.2016; 1♀, Sopotnica ECOLOGY: Pratinicole; graminicole. (hiking trail) (11), 30.08.2016; 4♀♀, V. Rastovac (12), Remarks: Members of Chorthippus biguttulus group are 19.07.2016; 2♂♂, Derventa (19), 20.07.2016. easily recognizable by their calling song; this method was ECOLOGY: Pratinicole; graminicole. applied for their identification on the field. At locality Mali 58. Stenobothrus nigromaculatus (Herrich- Jadovnik–forest roadside, male calling songs observed in Schäffer, 1840): Vodice (9), 2♂♂, 1♀, 18.07.2016. the field were similar to the song of Chorthippus bornhalmi ECOLOGY: Pratinicole; graminicole. Harz, 1971. As collected males did not produce song in 59. Stenobothrus rubicundulus Kruseman & Jeekel, captivity, the number of pegs, which is one of the useful 1967 (Figure 18): 6♂♂, 3♀♀, Vodice (9), 18.07.2016. morphological characters for determination of members ECOLOGY: Pratinicole; terricole–graminicole. of the C. biguttulus group (Willemse et al., 2009), was used. Gomphocerippus Roberts, 1941 Two analyzed males had 105 and 108 stridulatory pegs, 60. Gomphocerippus rufus (Linnaeus, 1758): 1♂, which is in the upper border of the range in C. biguttulus Sopotnica (hiking trail) (11), 19.07.2016. and the lower border of the range in C. bornhalmi ECOLOGY: Silvicole; graminicole–arbusticole. (Willemse et al., 2009). C. bornhalmi was reported for the Myrmeleotettix Bolívar, 1914 first time in Serbia 2 years ago (Skejo and Ivković, 2015) 61. Myrmeleotettix maculatus (Thunberg, 1815): and so it is possible that this species is present in this part 1♂, Čelina (roadside) (8), 18.07.2016. of Serbia too; additional analyses of calling songs in the ECOLOGY: Pratinicole; terricole–graminicole. future will show the real status of the species, which is Stauroderus Bolívar, 1897 found in the locality Mali Jadovnik–forest roadside. 62. Stauroderus scalaris (Fischer von Waldheim, 66. Chorthippus dorsatus (Zetterstedt, 1821): 1♂, 1846): 2♂♂, Sopotnica Waterfalls (4), 10.07.2015; 5♂♂, Sopotnica Waterfalls (4), 17.07.2016; 2♂♂, same locality, 1♀, Ogoreljača–Mali Jadovnik (roadside) (15), 19.07.2016; 31.08.2016. 4♂♂, 2♀♀, Mali Jadovnik (roadside) (16), 19.07.2016; ECOLOGY: Pratinicole; graminicole. 3♂♂, Mali Jadovnik (meadow) (17), 19.07.2016. Pseudochorthippus Defaut, 2012

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67. Pseudochorthippus parallelus (Zetterstedt, with 9%, herbicole to arbusticole 6%, and arbusticole with 1821): 5♂♂, 2♀♀, Sopotnica Co (3), 10.07.2015; 10♂♂, 4% of the species. Herbicole to arboricole, arboricole, 3♀♀, same locality, 17.07.2016; 3♂♂, Vodice (9), graminicole to arboricole, graminicole to arbusticole, 18.07.2016; 4♂♂, 2♀♀, Vodice (roadside) (10), 18.07.2016; graminicole to herbicole, and cavernicole are present with 2♀♀, V. Rastovac (12), 19.07.2016; 1♂, Ogoreljača– 1% of the species. Mali Jadovnik (roadside) (15), 19.07.2016; 3♂♂, 3♀♀, The species Barbitistes serricauda, Leptophyes Derventa (19), 20.07.2016. discoidalis, Eupholidoptera schmidti, Tetrix bipunctata, and ECOLOGY: Pratinicole; graminicole. Myrmeleotettix maculatus are recorded for the first time in Euchorthippus Tarbinsky, 1926 this part of Serbia, while M. brachyptera and L. migratoria 68. Euchorthippus declivus (Brisout de Barneville, represent the first records after 40 years in this country. 1848): 2♂♂, Sopotnica Waterfalls (4), 17.07.2016; 1♂, When compared with the literature data of 2 neighboring Čelina (roadside) (8), 18.07.2016; 2♂♂, 1♀, Vodice (9), mountains—Golija (Grebenščikov, 1950; Stevanović, 18.07.2016; 1♂, V. Rastovac (12), 19.07.2016. 1953), with 27 species, and (Brunner von ECOLOGY: Pratinicole; graminicole. Wattenwyl, 1882; Pančić, 1883; Adamović, 1975), where 19 Altogether, 68 species belonging to 15 subfamilies (6 species were recorded—the presence of 68 species shows families) have been recorded. This number represents 38% that Jadovnik Mountain has rich diversity of Orthoptera. of the total species number of Serbia. The dominant family Results published in Ingrisch and Pavićević (2012), where is Acrididae MacLeay, 1821 with 26 species, followed they recorded 87 species in Durmitor, suggest that future by Tettigoniidae with 18 species, Phaneropteridae with studies may show an even higher diversity on Jadovnik 15 species, Tetrigidae with 3 species, Gryllidae with 2 Mountain. species, and Rhaphidophoridae with 1 species. The most common species were Poecilimon pseudornatus, Euthystira Acknowledgments brachyptera, and Paracaloptenus caloptenoides. One I would like to express my sincere thanks to PD Kamena species, Gryllotalpa sp., is not listed, as it was reported Gora for organization and accommodation during as prey of Lanius collurio, but recently Iorgu et al. (2016) field trips to Sopotnica Waterfalls, NIDSBE Josif Pančić recorded 2 closely related species of this genus in Serbia; (especially to Ivan Tot, Kristina Floigl, Jovana Koturov, thus, without checking the male genitalia, it is impossible Jelena Šeat, Saša Rajkov, and Radislav Mirić for help in to determine it to a species level. the field research) and Miloš Bokorov for SEM support. Habitat distribution for each species is presented in the I owe special thanks to Klaus-Gerhard Heller and Dragan list of species and follows Ingrisch and Köhler (1998) and Chobanov for their valuable comments, suggestions, Ingrisch and Pavićević (2012). The investigated area is full and corrections, which helped me to improve this of different types of pastures and meadows, and so most manuscript. Comments and corrections by anonymous species are regarded as pratinicole (67%). Graminicole reviewers helped me to improve this manuscript. Finally, species are in the second position with 22%; next are I am grateful to the Orthopterists’ Society for funding the pratinicole to silvicole with 14% of the species, terricole purchase of equipment, which has improved the quality of with 13%, herbicole with 12%, terricole to graminicole the work.

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