(A)–Timurid Period
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Base Line Studies of Nawab Shah Forest, Sindh- 2018 SFM Project
Base line studies of Nawab shah forest, Sindh- 2018 SFM Project Submitted by Dr. Syed Aneel Ahmad Gilani Botanical Sciences Division Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Islamabad 1 | P a g e 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. DESCRIPTION OF LANDSCAPE SITES (NAWAB SHAH FOREST) Seven landscapes have been selected to demonstrate approaches and good practices regarding sustainable forest management (SFM), biodiversity conservation, enhancing carbon mitigation and carbon stocks. Two of the landscapes are located within the Temperate Coniferous forests of Siran and Kaghan in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), one in the Sub-tropical Evergreen Thorn (scrub) forests in Salt Range, Punjab, and two each in the Riverine forests in Punjab and Sindh. The salient features of these landscapes are described here 1.2. Dhingano-Lakhat Riverine Forests Landscape The proposed site is situated along the Indus River, downstream of Sukkur Barrage on the left bank in the Nawab Shah District. The landscape is comprised of Dhingano Reserve Forest (1,538 ha) and Lakhat Reserve Forest (1,462 ha) in Nawab Shah District. Both forests are also separately designated as wildlife sanctuaries under the Sindh Wildlife law in addition to their designation as Reserved Forest under the Forest Act. The total area of the Dhingano-Lakhat Riverine landscape is 3,300 ha. One of the reasons of inclusion of this landscape in this project is that most of the forests downstream of Sukkur Barrage do not get inundation except in high or super floods whereas this landscape, situated between Sukkur and Kotri barrages that is in Central Sindh still receives substantial annual inundation. -
In the Name of Krishna: the Cultural Landscape of a North Indian Pilgrimage Town
In the Name of Krishna: The Cultural Landscape of a North Indian Pilgrimage Town A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Sugata Ray IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Frederick M. Asher, Advisor April 2012 © Sugata Ray 2012 Acknowledgements They say writing a dissertation is a lonely and arduous task. But, I am fortunate to have found friends, colleagues, and mentors who have inspired me to make this laborious task far from arduous. It was Frederick M. Asher, my advisor, who inspired me to turn to places where art historians do not usually venture. The temple city of Khajuraho is not just the exquisite 11th-century temples at the site. Rather, the 11th-century temples are part of a larger visuality that extends to contemporary civic monuments in the city center, Rick suggested in the first class that I took with him. I learnt to move across time and space. To understand modern Vrindavan, one would have to look at its Mughal past; to understand temple architecture, one would have to look for rebellions in the colonial archive. Catherine B. Asher gave me the gift of the Mughal world – a world that I only barely knew before I met her. Today, I speak of the Islamicate world of colonial Vrindavan. Cathy walked me through Mughal mosques, tombs, and gardens on many cold wintry days in Minneapolis and on a hot summer day in Sasaram, Bihar. The Islamicate Krishna in my dissertation thus came into being. -
Classical Persian Literature Bahman Solati (Ph.D), 2015 University of California, Berkeley [email protected]
Classical Persian Literature Bahman Solati (Ph.D), 2015 University of California, Berkeley [email protected] Introduction Studying the roots of a particular literary history enables us to better understand the allusions the literature transmits and why we appreciate them. It also allows us to foresee how the literature may progress.1 I will try to keep this attitude in the reader’s mind in offering this brief summary of medieval Persian literature, a formidable task considering the variety and wealth of the texts and documentation on the subject.2 In this study we will pay special attention to the development of the Persian literature over the last millennia, focusing in particular on the initial development and background of various literary genres in Persian. Although the concept of literary genres is rather subjective and unstable,3 reviewing them is nonetheless a useful approach for a synopsis, facilitating greater understanding, deeper argumentation, and further speculation than would a simple listing of dates, titles, and basic biographical facts of the giants of Persian literature. Also key to literary examination is diachronicity, or the outlining of literary development through successive generations and periods. Thriving Persian literature, undoubtedly shaped by historic events, lends itself to this approach: one can observe vast differences between the Persian literature of the tenth century and that of the eleventh or the twelfth, and so on.4 The fourteenth century stands as a bridge between the previous and the later periods, the Mongol and Timurid, followed by the Ṣafavids in Persia and the Mughals in India. Given the importance of local courts and their support of poets and writers, it is quite understandable that literature would be significantly influenced by schools of thought in different provinces of the Persian world.5 In this essay, I use the word literature to refer to the written word adeptly and artistically created. -
The Principles of Muhammadan Jurisprudence According to The
LAW PUBLICATIONS BY THACKER, SPINK & CO., CALCUTTA AND SIMLA. ABUUR RAHMAN. Institutes of Mussalman Law. With F. M. ABDCB reference to original Arabic Sources. By Nawab A. RAHMAN, of the Inner Temple, Bar.-at-Law. KB. 10. AGNEW. The Law of Trusts in British India. Second Edition. By N. KRISHNAMACHARIAR. Us. 20. ALEXANDER. Indian Case-Law of Torts. By the late R. D. ALEXANDER, i.c.s. Fifth Edition by J. \V. ORR, Bar.-at-Law. Rs.8. [1910 AMEER ALL Mahommedan Law. By The Right Hon. SVBD AMEER ALI, P.O., C.I.B. Bailment. Fifth Vol. I. Gifts, Wakfs, Wills, Pre-emption, and Edition. [J preparation. Vol. II. Personal Law of the Mahommedans. Fourth Edition. Royal 8vo. Cloth gilt. Rs. 18. [1917. AMEER ALL Students' Handbook of Mahommedan the Law. By SYBD AMEBR ALI, P.O., LL.D., c.l B. Seventh Edition. [In Press. ARNOLD. Psychology Applied to Legal Evidence and other Constructions of Law. By G. F. ARNOLD, l.c.8. Second Edition. Rs. 8. [1913. BOSE (P. C.). Introduction to Juristic Psychology. Rs. 5. BUCKLAND. The Indian Companies Act. By P. L. I Rs. Vol. II BCCKLAND, B.A., Bar.-at-Law. Third Edition. Vol. 16, Rs. 25. (High Court Rules) Rs. 10, or both Volumes together. [102:: CAL VERT. The Law and Principles of Co-operation in India. By H. CALVBRT, l.C.s. Second Edition. Rs. 7-8. [1921. COLLETT. The Law of Specific Belief in India : Beinn Commentary on Act I of 1877. By CHARLES COLLBTT, late of the Madras Civil Service, Bar.-at-Law. -
Killer Khilats, Part 1: Legends of Poisoned ªrobes of Honourº in India
Folklore 112 (2001):23± 45 RESEARCH ARTICLE Killer Khilats, Part 1: Legends of Poisoned ªRobes of Honourº in India Michelle Maskiell and Adrienne Mayor Abstract This article presents seven historical legends of death by Poison Dress that arose in early modern India. The tales revolve around fears of symbolic harm and real contamination aroused by the ancient Iranian-in¯ uenced customs of presenting robes of honour (khilats) to friends and enemies. From 1600 to the early twentieth century, Rajputs, Mughals, British, and other groups in India participated in the development of tales of deadly clothing. Many of the motifs and themes are analogous to Poison Dress legends found in the Bible, Greek myth and Arthurian legend, and to modern versions, but all seven tales display distinc- tively Indian characteristics. The historical settings reveal the cultural assump- tions of the various groups who performed poison khilat legends in India and display the ambiguities embedded in the khilat system for all who performed these tales. Introduction We have gathered seven ª Poison Dressº legends set in early modern India, which feature a poison khilat (Arabic, ª robe of honourº ). These ª Killer Khilatº tales share plots, themes and motifs with the ª Poison Dressº family of folklore, in which victims are killed by contaminated clothing. Because historical legends often crystallise around actual people and events, and re¯ ect contemporary anxieties and the moral dilemmas of the tellers and their audiences, these stories have much to tell historians as well as folklorists. The poison khilat tales are intriguing examples of how recurrent narrative patterns emerge under cultural pressure to reveal fault lines within a given society’s accepted values and social practices. -
Great Britain Reza Shah
Great Britain Reza& Shah This page intentionally left blank Great Britain Reza& Shah The Plunder of Iran, 1921–1941 Mohammad Gholi Majd University Press of Florida Gainesville/Tallahassee/Tampa/Boca Raton Pensacola/Orlando/Miami/Jacksonville/Ft. Myers Copyright 2001 by Mohammad Gholi Majd Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper All rights reserved 060504030201654321 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Majd, Mohammad Gholi, 1946– Great Britain and Reza Shah: the plunder of Iran, 1921–1941 / Mohammad Gholi Majd. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8130-2111-1 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Iran—Relations—Great Britain. 2. Great Britain—Relations—Iran. 3. Iran— History—Pahlavi dynasty, 1925–1979. 4. Reza Shah Pahlavi, Shah of Iran, 1878–1944. I. Title. DS274.2.G7 M35 2001 955.05'2—dc21 2001023565 The University Press of Florida is the scholarly publishing agency for the State University System of Florida, comprising Florida A&M University, Florida Atlantic University, Florida Gulf Coast University, Florida International University, Florida State University, University of Central Florida, University of Florida, University of North Florida, Univer- sity of South Florida, and University of West Florida. University Press of Florida 15 Northwest 15th Street Gainesville, FL 32611–2079 http://www.upf.com Dedicated to the memory of all the victims of the reign of terror and murder in Iran from 1921 to 1941 This page intentionally left blank List of Illustrations ix List of Tables xi Acknowledgments xiii 1. Introduction 1 2. The British Invasion and the Strangulation of Persia, 1918–1920 21 3. -
Administration of Dir Under Nawab Shah Jehan
Pakistan Vol. 49, 2013 Annual Research Journal ADMINISTRATION OF DIR UNDER NAWAB SHAH JEHAN Gohar Ali Shah Abstract Dir the land of lofty mountains, snow peaks, lush green valley, transparent streams and industrious people, remained shrouded for a long time in obscurity, unknown to the outside world. It is very difficult to say that how and when Dir became the residential area but it must be said that due to the beauty, plenty and security, this area will have become the residential area from long age. Dir was invaded by Alexander, than came under the Budhist, the Mughal and important event was the settlement of the Yousafzai tribe in the area by defeating Swatis and Dilazaks in sixteenth century. The followers of Mullah Ilyas ruled for more than three centuries, and then a period of politicization and democratization started. Muhammad Shah Jehan ascended the throne after the death of his father Nawab Aurangzeb khan in November, 1924 and declared himself as the new Nawab of Dir and ruled till 1960. He was a tyrant ruler and ruled with an iron hand. He introduced some administrative reforms in army, judiciary, executive, and in legislation in his principality. His rule was not different than a dictator’s. He snatched the power from his father and imposed his own constitution to show his mighty power. This paper is an attempt to discuss the administrative setup of Nawab Shah Jehan in detail. The data has been collected from books and personal interviews. Keywords Dir, Nawab Shah Jehan, Administration, Jirgah, Shariah, Dastural Amal. Nawab Muhammad Shah Jehan After the death of Nawab Aurangzeb his son Shah Jehan succeeded his father as the Nawab of Dir and ruled from November 1925 to 8th October 1960. -
A MUSLIM MISSIONARY in MEDIAEVAL KASHMIR a MUSLIM MISSIONARY in MEDIAEVAL KASHMIR (Being the English Translation of Tohfatuíl-Ahbab)
A MUSLIM MISSIONARY IN MEDIAEVAL KASHMIR A MUSLIM MISSIONARY IN MEDIAEVAL KASHMIR (Being the English translation of Tohfatuíl-Ahbab) by Muhammad Ali Kashmiri English translation and annotations by KASHINATH PANDIT ASIAN-EURASIAN HUMAN RIGHTS FORUM New Delhi iv / ATRAVAILS MUSLIM MISSIONARYOF A KASHMIR IN FREEDOMMEDIAEVAL FIGHTER KASHMIR This book is the English translation of a Farsi manuscript, Tohfatuíl- Ahbab, persumably written in AD 1640. A transcript copy of the manuscript exists in the Research and Publications Department of Jammu and Kashmir State under Accession Number 551. © KASHINATH PANDIT First Published 2009 Price: Rs. 400.00 Published by Eurasian Human Rights Forum, E-241, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi ñ 110 076 (INDIA). website: www.world-citizenship.org Printed at Salasar Imaging Systems, C-7/5, Lawrence Road Indl. Area, Delhi ñ 110 035. INTRODUCTIONCONTENTS //v v For the historians writing on Mediaeval India vi / ATRAVAILS MUSLIM MISSIONARYOF A KASHMIR IN FREEDOMMEDIAEVAL FIGHTER KASHMIR INTRODUCTIONCONTENTS / vii Contents Acknowledgement ix Introduction xi-lxxx Chapter I. Araki and Nurbakhshi Preceptors 1-65 Chapter II. Arakiís first Visit to Kashmir: His Miracles, Kashmiris, and Arakiís Return 66-148 Chapter III. Arakiís Return to Iran 149-192 Part I: Acrimony of the people of Khurasan towards Shah Qasim 149-161 Part II: In service of Shah Qasim 161-178 Part III: To Kashmir 178-192 Chapter IV. Mission in Kashmir 193-278 Part I: Stewardship of Hamadaniyyeh hospice 193-209 Part II: Arakiís mission of destroying idols and temples of infidels 209-278 Chapter V. Arakiís Munificence 279-283 Index 284-291 viii / ATRAVAILS MUSLIM MISSIONARYOF A KASHMIR IN FREEDOMMEDIAEVAL FIGHTER KASHMIR INTRODUCTIONCONTENTS /ix/ ix 1 Acknowledgement I am thankful to Dr. -
An Introduction to David Morgan
An Introduction to David Morgan David Morgan The working title for this festschrift was ‘Papers for the Padishah’. It was discarded for the sake of propriety as well as the well-known decree that all academic books must include a colon, a decree which some would say is worthy of Chinggis Khan himself. Nonetheless, I believe it is fair to consider David O. Morgan the Padishah of the study of the Mongol Empire. David, ever humble, would simply wave this title away and offer another scholar the throne. In this sense, David is like Ogodei Khan—generous, well-liked by all, and he laid much of the modern foundations for the study of the Mongols. Yet, David, like Ghazan Khan, always kept one foot firmly in Iranian Studies as well, thus giving him claim to the title of Padishah. David’s similarity to the Mongols does not end there, however, as he carved his own intellectual empire. The foundations of Professor Morgan’s empire began when he acquired Michael Prawdin’s The Mongol Empire: Its Rise and Legacy as a prize at Rugby. From there he studied at Oxford before venturing into the field of secondary education. He then proceeded to earn his doctorate from the School of Oriental and African Studies in the University of London, where he studied Persian under the instruction of the late Ann K. S. Lambton. As Persian was not offered at Wisconsin when I was a student, he tutored me in his book-lined study, complete with a roaring fire in the fireplace. While I struggled through it, he often noted that that he was Lambton’s second worse student—the worst being a future ambassador to Iran, of course. -
Hosseini, Mahrokhsadat.Pdf
A University of Sussex PhD thesis Available online via Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/ This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Please visit Sussex Research Online for more information and further details Iranian Women’s Poetry from the Constitutional Revolution to the Post-Revolution by Mahrokhsadat Hosseini Submitted for Examination for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Gender Studies University of Sussex November 2017 2 Submission Statement I hereby declare that this thesis has not been, and will not be, submitted in whole or in part to another University for the award of any other degree. Mahrokhsadat Hosseini Signature: . Date: . 3 University of Sussex Mahrokhsadat Hosseini For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Gender Studies Iranian Women’s Poetry from the Constitutional Revolution to the Post- Revolution Summary This thesis challenges the silenced voices of women in the Iranian written literary tradition and proposes a fresh evaluation of contemporary Iranian women’s poetry. Because the presence of female poets in Iranian literature is a relatively recent phenomenon, there are few published studies describing and analysing Iranian women’s poetry; most of the critical studies that do exist were completed in the last three decades after the Revolution in 1979. -
Persia: Place and Idea
1 Persia: Place and Idea Persia/Persians and Iran/Iranians “Persia” is not easily located with any geographic specificity, nor can its people, the Persians, be easily categorized. In the end Persia and the Persians are as much metaphysical notions as a place or a people. Should it be Iran and the Iranians? Briefly, “Persia/Persians” is seldom used today, except in the United Kingdom or when referring to ancient Iran/Iranians – c. sixth century bc to the third century ad. Riza Shah (1926–1941) decreed in 1935 that Iran be used exclusively in official and diplomatic correspondence. Iran was the term commonly used in Iran and by Iranians, except from the seventh to the thirteenth centuries. Fol- lowing the Second World War, oil nationalization, the Musaddiq crisis, and subsequent greater sensitivity to Iranian nationalism, the designa- tion Iran/Iranian became widely used in the west. Until recently the use of Persia/Persians was often rejected among Iranians themselves. Iran/Iranian also had its own hegemonic dimension, especially from the experience of some of Iran’s multi-ethnic population. The usage of Persia/Persian, however, was revived by Iranian expatriates in the post- 1979 era of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This common usage among them represents an attempt on their part to be spared the opprobrium of “Iran” and its recent association with revolution, “terrorism,” hostages, and “fundamentalism,” while Persia/Persian suggested to them an ancient glory and culture – a less threatening contemporary political identity. Nevertheless, the political ramifications of either Persia or Iran cannot be escaped. Above all, the history of Persia/Iran is the history of the interaction between place and the peoples who have lived and who currently live there. -
The Philanthropies of the Sultan's Daughter Ayşe Sultan from the Beginning of the 17Th Century, and Her Waqf's Accounting R
Muhasebe ve Finans Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi Temmuz 2016 (11) THE PHILANTHROPIES OF THE SULTAN’S DAUGHTER AYŞE SULTAN FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE 17TH CENTURY, AND HER WAQF’S ACCOUNTING RECORDS(*) Dr. Fatma Şensoy Marmara University – Turkey Abstract Awqaf (waqf as singular) are founded as charities that have certain laws and that are sustainable, such as fund-dependant, decentralised, voluntary democratic and nongovernmental organizations. At the same time, they are financial institutions that deal with social security, educational, cultural, religious affairs, public works, social aid and health investments. They are inspected by the government despite their financial and administrative autonomies, and these institutions have survived for centuries and provided services to society and enjoyed great monetary success. It is possible to read about their auditing and information about accounting in the Ottoman financial tradition from the books of accounts kept in the awqaf (foundations). The waqf culture has survived for centuries primarily because of this efficient, inspecting recording order. Ayşe Sultan was the daughter of Sultan Murad III (1574-1595) and Safiye (*) Bu bildiri, 25 - 27 Haziran 2016 tarihlerinde Pescara (İtalya)’da yapılan 14. Dünya Muhasebe Tariçileri Kongresinde İngilizce olarak sunulmuştur. 125 Accounting and Financial History Research Journal July 2016 (11) Sultan. She dedicated her assets to a waqf which was setup by her husband Ghazi Ibrahim Paşa and herself. The tombs and fountain still survive. The waqf which was founded at the beginning of the 17th century survived for ages. The accounting books of the waqf reveal the accounting culture of social aid at that time. The books are recorded by siyaqat script and numbers and used the Merdiven (stair) method.