DOCSLIB.ORG

North & West Asia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
North & West Asia 94 NORTH & WEST ASIA North & West Asia ABCD 137 ARCTIC 1 Franz Josef Land Severnaya Zemlya ya eml Z ya e a va S o r a Norwegian N K a N o r t h Sea North Cape Barents Sea Kheta Arctic Circle s Central 2 63 n ia i n h RUSSIANa ot N B o t f Lake r o D th O West Siberian f v e n S l Onega in rn b u a ’ Y i u e G n Lake Ladoga o Plain O is a b’ e e y S M Irt ys V h North ic o lt lg l B a a Sea a r m Central Russian i KALININGRAD h ga s (Russ. Fed.) Upland ol U I 3 V U AS r a EUROPE Don l KAZAKHSTAN Ozero Aral Sea Zaysan C Lake Ca a u s U Balkhash Ili Black Sea ca p ZB e n S h a n Danube s i E T i u s a K GEORGIA n IS KYRGYZSTAN A T A ARMENIA T m AZERB. UR N S K u Lake M TURKEY e E D M e d i a N a TAJIKISTAN t e Van . ry r r a a n SYRIA e a IRAQ 4 50 n LEBANON E T AFGHANISTAN Tibetan S e a u ig p ri IRAN h s H ISRAEL ra Plateau JORDAN tes i P m e KUWAIT r a si l a BAHRAIN an Ga y a s Gu nges QATAR lf Tropic of Cancer R U.A.E. e il e SAUDI N d ARABIA N A S M e O Arabian a E N Sea Bay of 5 AFRICA Y EM n Bengal Ade f of Socotra (Yemen) Gul 50 ABCD NORTH & WEST ASIA 95 EFGH OCEAN 137 1 New Siberian Islands Laptev Sea East Siberian S i b e r i a n L o w l a n Wrangel Island K r d Sea a a o b k rk t a në i Chukchi u n e g Lo A l a i n y a g O n n d S Sea e a n tr I a a L m it Y ly B o e K r Arctic Circle i Siberian Plateau n g 16 2 S FEDERATION tr Velikaya a i a t na i b r Le ga Bering e Am V a Sea itim k t a Lake h Sea of c Baikal m A Okhotsk a s m a A n d ey K l e a u Z u I s l r t i a n Sakhalin s d 3 IAArgun n la Is e il ur K i o b (administered by G Sea of Russian Federation, Japan claimed by Japan.) er (East Sea) iv R Yellow PACIFIC 16 4 e gtz East an Y China OCEAN Sea Tropic of Cancer South 0 km 800 M e China 0 miles 800 5 k o n g Sea 125 EFGH 96 NORTH & WEST ASIA Russia & Kazakhstan ABCD A r NORW c AY t 66 i G c C E DENMARK i R r ARCTIC c M l e 1 A SWEDEN N Zemlya Y Barents Sea Frantsa- Iosifa KALININGRAD N D (part of Russian F I N L A Murmansk Federation) EST. emlya POLAND LAT. a Z LITH. ay ov o r e N e M Pskov Sankt-Petersburg o y Velikiy s k a r 2 91 U BELARUS Novgorod Arkhangel’sk K K R Cherepovets A MOSCOW I Vologda MOLDOVA N Bryansk Vorkuta E Yaroslavl’ Nori’lsk Tula y Syktyvkar r y ’ Salekhard e Ryazan’ o b s i Nizhniy Kirov O n G e Voronezh Novgorod e Zapadno- Y Rostov- Kazan’ Perm’ y na-Donu i Sibirskaya 3 Izhevsk k Serov s Ravnina RUS Volgograd ' l Sochi V Samara Ufa a Yekaterinburg Nizhnevartovsk o r l g U a Ural’sk GEORGIAStavropol’ l Chelyabinsk a FEDE Nal’chik r Orenburg U Kostanay Astrakhan’ Petropavlovsk Groznyy Krasnoyarsk Orsk Rudnyy Omsk ARM. Makhachkala Tomsk Kokshetau Novosibirsk 4 102 Aktau K ASTANA AZ. a A Z Kemerovo e A K Pavlodar S H S T Barnaul n Aral A a i Sea N Karaganda Novokuznetsk p U Zhezkazgan s Z a Semipalatinsk T B C U R E Kyzylorda Ust’-Kamenogorsk K K Balkhash M I E S Ozero N T Shymkent Taraz IS A Balkhash T N Taldykorgan 5 A IRAN N K YR Almaty GYZS 104 TAN CHINA ABCD NORTH & WEST ASIA 97 EFGH e l c r Ostrov i 18 C c i Vrangelya t OCEAN c r A Vostochno- 1 Sibirskoye Pevek Severnaya More Anadyr’ Zemlya Novosibirskiye Ambarchik Bering Ostrova Sea More v stro Laptevykh uo yr ol m P ay 134 2 T Ozero Taymyr Tiksi Ossora V Ust’-Kamchatsks e r k L h Poluostov e n o Olenëk a y a Kamchatka n Magadan sk Petropavlovsk Srednesibirskoye iy et Khreb -Kamchatskiy Ploskogor'ye Okhotsk Yakutsk 3 SIAN Sea of Suntar Sibir Okhotsk (Siberia) a v o r RATION t s O Sakhalin e y i a k en ’sk- s Komsomol ' l L i na-Amure r Kansk u Skovorodno K 134 4 Bratsk Ozero Yuzhhno- Sakhalinsk Baykal Blagoveshchensk Chita Khabarovsk Irkutsk Amur JAPAN Ulan-Ude CHINA Vladivostok The Trans-Siberian Railroad, completed in 1916, runs 5578 miles (9297 km) between Moscow and Vladivostok. Crossing eight time zones, the journey takes six days. 0 km 500 5 MONGOLIA 0 miles 500 110 EFGH 98 NORTH & WEST ASIA Turkey & the Caucasus ABCD ROMANIA 91 1 Black Sea An average of 50,000 commercial ships pass through the Bosporus a year, along with thousands of ferries and smaller BULGARIA passenger boats. The strait is three times busier than the Suez Canal and four times as busy as the Panama Canal. Sinop Edirne Kırklareli Daê 2 86 Zonguldak Küre lari GREECE Tekirdaê Bosporus Kastamonu Samsun ƒstanbul C Marmara Karabük an Çanakkale k ik Boêazi Denizi a D Ordu ƒ rm aê (Dardanelles) zmit Adapazarı l I l Bursa Çankırı zi ar i Ki Çanakkale Çorum ∞ ANKARA Tokat Balıkesir Eski ehir Kırıkkale Sivas Ayvalik Kütahya 3 Lésvos A TURK Manisa n a Afyon t o l i a Chíos Nev∞ehir ƒzmir U∞ak Tuz Kayseri Gölü Niêde Sámos Aydin Kahraman- Konya Denizli ƒsparta mara∞ Muêla Ereêli i Bodrum r ê l a Osmaniye Antalya a Adana D 4 87 Dalaman T o r o s Gaziantep Mersin Tarsus Antalya ƒskenderun Ródos Körfezi Megísti Antakya Kárpathos TURKISH REPUBLIC OF Kríti NORTHERN CYPRUS Girne (recognized only by Turkey) (Kyrenia) Gazimaêusa NICOSIA (Famagusta) Larnaca Mediterranean Paphos 5 Limassol Sea CYPRUS LEBANON 54 ABCD NORTH & WEST ASIA 99 EFGH RUSSIAN FEDERATION 93 The Spitak earthquake struck Armenia in 1988, killing at least 25,000 people 1 and devastating the country’s infrastructure. Gagra C a u Caspian Sokhumi uri c ng a Och’amch’ire E s Sea K’ut’aisi u P’ot’i GEORGIA s Bat’umi T'BILISI Rust’avi Quba K Hopa u ra Sumqayıt 104 2 Vanadzor Gäncä Mingäçevir Trabzon Rize ri BAKU êla Gyumri a ARMENIA AZERBAIJAN iz D Kars aden Sevana Lich Nagorno- êu Kar YEREVAN Karabakh Do Aras Erzurum Xankändi s Erzincan Büyükaêri Daêi ra (Mount Ararat) ı A 16,853ft (5137m) Naxç van AZERBAIJAN Länkäran EY Van 3 Mu∞ Elazig Gölü Güney Van Azerbaijan has substantial oil reserves Ti Dog gr u T located in and around the Caspian Sea. i oro s sla Malatya Siirt r They were some of the earliest oilfields in the world to be exploited. Diyarbakır tan Batman rdis Adıyaman Ku Mardin IRAN flanliurfa The salty water of Lake Van inhibits all animal 102 4 life except the Pearl Mullet, a small fish that has adapted to the harsh conditions. Atatürk Dam, one of the largest dams in the world, was completed in 1990. The reservoir behind the dam covers an area of 315 sq miles (816 sq km) and often requires interruptions in the flow of the Euphrates River to maintain water levels. 0 km 200 SYRIA 5 IRAQ 0 miles 200 102 EFGH A B C D E 100 98 99 NORTH NORTH & WESTASIA The Euphrates is 1700 miles (2470 km) long and drains The NearEast 0 km 100 1 an area of 171,000 sq mi (443,000 sq km). Although 1 0 miles 100 less than 30 percent of the river's drainage basin is in Turkey, about 95 percent of the river's water originates T ig in the Turkish highlands. r is TURKEY Al Qámishlí Lebanon has only one permanent river, the Nahr el Litani, which runs for 110 miles (175 km). 2 87 Al Íasaksh 102 2 A‘záz A l Buíayrat Ar Raqqah J Í al-Asad a alab z Idlib í r a a h e O Dayr az Zawr r S a n E t e u Al Ládhiq íyah p s SYRIA hr 3 a 3 Í á te am h s CYPRUS n a e √ú Í ∞ Tar s im Tudmur n a r Tripoli r e LEBANON IRAQ t i Baalbek n o d n Manufactured by a secret process, BEIRUT a 4 e é b 4 Zahl e Damascus steel was much prized i n L in the preindustrial era as an a - M Saïda t i i t extremely hard metal used for high Golan L n DAMASCUS Soûr A Syrian quality sword blades. Heights Al Qunay√irah Lake H As Suwaydá’ efa Tiberias Desert Natzrat Dar‘á n Irbid WEST a d The shores of the Dead Sea are BANK r Al Mafraq 5 o 5 Petah J Az Zarqá’ the lowest land on the Earth’s Tikva surface, at 1371 ft (418 m) below Tel Aviv-Yafo As Sal√ AMMAN sea level.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2. an Approach to Antarctic Glacial History: the Aims of Leg 1781
    Barker, P.F., Camerlenghi, A., Acton, G.D., et al., 1999 Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports Volume 178 2. AN APPROACH TO ANTARCTIC GLACIAL HISTORY: THE AIMS OF LEG 1781 P.F. Barker2 and A. Camerlenghi3 Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 178 was proposed partly as an examination of Antarctic Peninsula glacial history and partly as a test of the strategy of determining this history by sampling glacially trans- ported sediments at the continental margin. If successful, it could lead to a program of two or three other legs around Antarctica that, in com- bination, might determine the long-term history of the entire Antarctic Ice Sheet. Leg 178 also had a second objective: to obtain a long, high- resolution record of Holocene climate from Palmer Deep, an isolated deep basin on the inner continental shelf. The proposal that became Leg 178 was therefore based on several assumptions, described below. Briefly, they are: 1. The Antarctic Ice Sheet is now and has been throughout its ex- istence an important component of the Earth’s climate engine, which it is necessary to document and understand. 2. An understanding of the ice sheet’s function and what controls its development cannot be obtained until its history is known. 3. Existing knowledge of Antarctic glacial history, derived largely from sparse onshore data and low-latitude climate proxies, is in- adequate and ambiguous; the proxies themselves disagree. Fur- thermore, continued use of the same proxies and onshore data is unlikely to resolve present ambiguities and disputes. 1Examples of how to reference the 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Palynological Investigations of Miocene Deposits on the New Siberian Archipelago (U.S.S.R.)
    ARCTIC VOL. 45, NO.3 (SEPTEMBER 1992) P. 285-294 Palynological Investigationsof Miocene Deposits on the New Siberian Archipelago(U.S.S.R.)’ EUGENE v. ZYRYANOV~ (Received 12 February 1990; accepted in revised form23 January 1992) ABSTRACT. New paleobotanical data (mainly palynological) are reported from Miocene beds of the New Siberian Islands. The palynoflora has a number of distinctive features: the presence of typical hypoarctic forms, the high content taxa representing dark coniferous assemblages and the con- siderable proportion of small-leaved forms. Floristic comparison with the paleofloras of the Beaufort Formation in arctic Canada allows interpreta- tion of the evolution of the Arctic as a landscape region during Miocene-Pliocene time. This paper is a preliminary analysis of the mechanisms of arctic florogenesis. The model of an “adaptive landscape” is considered in relation to the active eustaticdrying of polar shelves. Key words: palynology, U.S.S.R., NewSiberian Islands, Miocene,Arctic, florogenesis RÉSUMÉ. On rapporte de nouvelles données paléobotaniques (principalement palynologiques) venant de couches datant du miocène situées dans l’archipel de la Nouvelle-Sibérie. La palynoflore possède un nombre de caractéristiques particulières, parmi lesquelles, la présence de formes hypoarctiques typiques, la grande quantité de taxons représentant des assemblages de conifires sombres, ainsi qu’une collection considérable de formes à petites feuilles. Une comparaison floristique avec les paléoflores de la formationde Beaufort dans l’Arctique canadien permet d’interpréter I’évolution de l’Arctique en tant que zone peuplée d’espèces végetales durant le miocbne et le pliocène. Cet article est une analyse préliminaire des mécanismes de la genèse de la flore arctique.
    [Show full text]
  • Data Structure
    Data structure – Water The aim of this document is to provide a short and clear description of parameters (data items) that are to be reported in the data collection forms of the Global Monitoring Plan (GMP) data collection campaigns 2013–2014. The data itself should be reported by means of MS Excel sheets as suggested in the document UNEP/POPS/COP.6/INF/31, chapter 2.3, p. 22. Aggregated data can also be reported via on-line forms available in the GMP data warehouse (GMP DWH). Structure of the database and associated code lists are based on following documents, recommendations and expert opinions as adopted by the Stockholm Convention COP6 in 2013: · Guidance on the Global Monitoring Plan for Persistent Organic Pollutants UNEP/POPS/COP.6/INF/31 (version January 2013) · Conclusions of the Meeting of the Global Coordination Group and Regional Organization Groups for the Global Monitoring Plan for POPs, held in Geneva, 10–12 October 2012 · Conclusions of the Meeting of the expert group on data handling under the global monitoring plan for persistent organic pollutants, held in Brno, Czech Republic, 13-15 June 2012 The individual reported data component is inserted as: · free text or number (e.g. Site name, Monitoring programme, Value) · a defined item selected from a particular code list (e.g., Country, Chemical – group, Sampling). All code lists (i.e., allowed values for individual parameters) are enclosed in this document, either in a particular section (e.g., Region, Method) or listed separately in the annexes below (Country, Chemical – group, Parameter) for your reference.
    [Show full text]
  • Species Status Assessment Emperor Penguin (Aptenodytes Fosteri)
    SPECIES STATUS ASSESSMENT EMPEROR PENGUIN (APTENODYTES FOSTERI) Emperor penguin chicks being socialized by male parents at Auster Rookery, 2008. Photo Credit: Gary Miller, Australian Antarctic Program. Version 1.0 December 2020 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Program Branch of Delisting and Foreign Species Falls Church, Virginia Acknowledgements: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Penguins are flightless birds that are highly adapted for the marine environment. The emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) is the tallest and heaviest of all living penguin species. Emperors are near the top of the Southern Ocean’s food chain and primarily consume Antarctic silverfish, Antarctic krill, and squid. They are excellent swimmers and can dive to great depths. The average life span of emperor penguin in the wild is 15 to 20 years. Emperor penguins currently breed at 61 colonies located around Antarctica, with the largest colonies in the Ross Sea and Weddell Sea. The total population size is estimated at approximately 270,000–280,000 breeding pairs or 625,000–650,000 total birds. Emperor penguin depends upon stable fast ice throughout their 8–9 month breeding season to complete the rearing of its single chick. They are the only warm-blooded Antarctic species that breeds during the austral winter and therefore uniquely adapted to its environment. Breeding colonies mainly occur on fast ice, close to the coast or closely offshore, and amongst closely packed grounded icebergs that prevent ice breaking out during the breeding season and provide shelter from the wind. Sea ice extent in the Southern Ocean has undergone considerable inter-annual variability over the last 40 years, although with much greater inter-annual variability in the five sectors than for the Southern Ocean as a whole.
    [Show full text]
  • New Siberian Islands Archipelago)
    Detrital zircon ages and provenance of the Upper Paleozoic successions of Kotel’ny Island (New Siberian Islands archipelago) Victoria B. Ershova1,*, Andrei V. Prokopiev2, Andrei K. Khudoley1, Nikolay N. Sobolev3, and Eugeny O. Petrov3 1INSTITUTE OF EARTH SCIENCE, ST. PETERSBURG STATE UNIVERSITY, UNIVERSITETSKAYA NAB. 7/9, ST. PETERSBURG 199034, RUSSIA 2DIAMOND AND PRECIOUS METAL GEOLOGY INSTITUTE, SIBERIAN BRANCH, RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, LENIN PROSPECT 39, YAKUTSK 677980, RUSSIA 3RUSSIAN GEOLOGICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE (VSEGEI), SREDNIY PROSPECT 74, ST. PETERSBURG 199106, RUSSIA ABSTRACT Plate-tectonic models for the Paleozoic evolution of the Arctic are numerous and diverse. Our detrital zircon provenance study of Upper Paleozoic sandstones from Kotel’ny Island (New Siberian Island archipelago) provides new data on the provenance of clastic sediments and crustal affinity of the New Siberian Islands. Upper Devonian–Lower Carboniferous deposits yield detrital zircon populations that are consistent with the age of magmatic and metamorphic rocks within the Grenvillian-Sveconorwegian, Timanian, and Caledonian orogenic belts, but not with the Siberian craton. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test reveals a strong similarity between detrital zircon populations within Devonian–Permian clastics of the New Siberian Islands, Wrangel Island (and possibly Chukotka), and the Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago. These results suggest that the New Siberian Islands, along with Wrangel Island and the Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago, were located along the northern margin of Laurentia-Baltica in the Late Devonian–Mississippian and possibly made up a single tectonic block. Detrital zircon populations from the Permian clastics record a dramatic shift to a Uralian provenance. The data and results presented here provide vital information to aid Paleozoic tectonic reconstructions of the Arctic region prior to opening of the Mesozoic oceanic basins.
    [Show full text]
  • A Newly Discovered Glacial Trough on the East Siberian Continental Margin
    Clim. Past Discuss., doi:10.5194/cp-2017-56, 2017 Manuscript under review for journal Clim. Past Discussion started: 20 April 2017 c Author(s) 2017. CC-BY 3.0 License. De Long Trough: A newly discovered glacial trough on the East Siberian Continental Margin Matt O’Regan1,2, Jan Backman1,2, Natalia Barrientos1,2, Thomas M. Cronin3, Laura Gemery3, Nina 2,4 5 2,6 7 1,2,8 9,10 5 Kirchner , Larry A. Mayer , Johan Nilsson , Riko Noormets , Christof Pearce , Igor Semilietov , Christian Stranne1,2,5, Martin Jakobsson1,2. 1 Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden 2 Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden 10 3 US Geological Survey MS926A, Reston, Virginia, 20192, USA 4 Department of Physical Geography (NG), Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden 5 Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping, University of New Hampshire, New Hampshire 03824, USA 6 Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden 7 University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), P O Box 156, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Svalbard 15 8 Department of Geoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark 9 Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia 10 Tomsk National Research Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia Correspondence to: Matt O’Regan ([email protected]) 20 Abstract. Ice sheets extending over parts of the East Siberian continental shelf have been proposed during the last glacial period, and during the larger Pleistocene glaciations. The sparse data available over this sector of the Arctic Ocean has left the timing, extent and even existence of these ice sheets largely unresolved.
    [Show full text]
  • Explanatory Notes for the Tectonic Map of the Circum-Pacific Region Southwest Quadrant
    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR TO ACCOMPANY MAP CP-37 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Explanatory Notes for the Tectonic Map of the Circum-Pacific Region Southwest Quadrant 1:10,000,000 ICIRCUM-PACIFIC i • \ COUNCIL AND MINERAL RESOURCES 1991 CIRCUM-PACIFIC COUNCIL FOR ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES Michel T. Halbouty, Chairman CIRCUM-PACIFIC MAP PROJECT John A. Reinemund, Director George Gryc, General Chairman Erwin Scheibner, Advisor, Tectonic Map Series EXPLANATORY NOTES FOR THE TECTONIC MAP OF THE CIRCUM-PACIFIC REGION SOUTHWEST QUADRANT 1:10,000,000 By Erwin Scheibner, Geological Survey of New South Wales, Sydney, 2001 N.S.W., Australia Tadashi Sato, Institute of Geoscience, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan H. Frederick Doutch, Bureau of Mineral Resources, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601, Australia Warren O. Addicott, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California 94025, U.S.A. M. J. Terman, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 22092, U.S.A. George W. Moore, Department of Geosciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, U.S.A. 1991 Explanatory Notes to Supplement the TECTONIC MAP OF THE CIRCUM-PACIFTC REGION SOUTHWEST QUADRANT W. D. Palfreyman, Chairman Southwest Quadrant Panel CHIEF COMPILERS AND TECTONIC INTERPRETATIONS E. Scheibner, Geological Survey of New South Wales, Sydney, N.S.W. 2001 Australia T. Sato, Institute of Geosciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan C. Craddock, Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, U.S.A. TECTONIC ELEMENTS AND STRUCTURAL DATA AND INTERPRETATIONS J.-M. Auzende et al, Institut Francais de Recherche pour 1'Exploitacion de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre de Brest, B.
    [Show full text]
  • Multidecadal Warming and Density Loss in the Deep Weddell Sea, Antarctica
    15 NOVEMBER 2020 S T R A S S E T A L . 9863 Multidecadal Warming and Density Loss in the Deep Weddell Sea, Antarctica VOLKER H. STRASS,GERD ROHARDT,TORSTEN KANZOW,MARIO HOPPEMA, AND OLAF BOEBEL Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum fur€ Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany (Manuscript received 16 April 2020, in final form 10 August 2020) ABSTRACT: The World Ocean is estimated to store more than 90% of the excess energy resulting from man-made greenhouse gas–driven radiative forcing as heat. Uncertainties of this estimate are related to undersampling of the subpolar and polar regions and of the depths below 2000 m. Here we present measurements from the Weddell Sea that cover the whole water column down to the sea floor, taken by the same accurate method at locations revisited every few years since 1989. Our results show widespread warming with similar long-term temperature trends below 700-m depth at all sampling sites. The mean heating rate below 2000 m exceeds that of the global ocean by a factor of about 5. Salinity tends to increase—in contrast to other Southern Ocean regions—at most sites and depths below 700 m, but nowhere strongly enough to fully compensate for the warming effect on seawater density, which hence shows a general decrease. In the top 700 m neither temperature nor salinity shows clear trends. A closer look at the vertical distribution of changes along an ap- proximately zonal and a meridional section across the Weddell Gyre reveals that the strongest vertically coherent warming is observed at the flanks of the gyre over the deep continental slopes and at its northern edge where the gyre connects to the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC).
    [Show full text]
  • Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute” Russian Antarctic Expedition
    FEDERAL SERVICE OF RUSSIA FOR HYDROMETEOROLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING Federal State Budgetary Institution “Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute” Russian Antarctic Expedition QUARTERLY BULLETIN №4 (65) October - December 2013 STATE OF ANTARCTIC ENVIRONMENT Operational data of Russian Antarctic stations St. Petersburg 2014 FEDERAL SERVICE OF RUSSIA FOR HYDROMETEOROLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING Federal State Budgetary Institution “Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute” Russian Antarctic Expedition QUARTERLY BULLETIN №4 (65) October – December 2013 STATE OF ANTARCTIC ENVIRONMENT Operational data of Russian Antarctic stations Edited by V.V. Lukin St. Petersburg 2014 Editor-in-Chief M.O. Krichak (Russian Antarctic Expedition – RAE) Authors and contributors Section 1 M.O. Krichak (RAE), Section 2 Ye.I. Aleksandrov (Department of Sea-Air Interaction) Section 3 G.Ye. Ryabkov (Department of Ice Regime and Forecasting) Section 4 A.I. Korotkov (Department of Ice Regime and Forecasting) Section 5 Ye.Ye. Sibir (Department of Sea-Air Interaction) Section 6 I.V. Moskvin, Yu.G. Turbin (Department of Geophysics) Section 7 V.L. Martyanov (RAE) Translated by I.I. Solovieva http://www.aari.aq/, Antarctica/ Quarterly Bulletin/ Acknowledgements: Russian Antarctic Expedition is grateful to all AARI staff for participation and help in preparing this Bulletin. For more information about the contents of this publication, please, contact Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute of Roshydromet Russian Antarctic Expedition Bering St., 38, St. Petersburg 199397 Russia Phone: (812) 352 15 41; 337 31 04 Fax: (812) 337 31 86 E-mail: [email protected] CONTENTS PREFACE 1 1. DATA OF AEROMETEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AT THE RUSSIAN ANTARCTIC STATIONS 3 2. METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS IN OCTOBER-DECEMBER 2013 42 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Frozen Desert Alive the Role of Sea Ice for Pelagic Macrofauna and Its Predators: Implications for the Antarctic Pack-Ice Food Web
    Frozen Desert Alive The role of sea ice for pelagic macrofauna and its predators: implications for the Antarctic pack-ice food web Hauke Flores FrozenDesertAlive &#0-*#-$1#'!#$-0.#*%'!+!0-$3,,"'21.0#"2-01S '+.*'!2'-,1$-02&#,20!2'!.!)V'!#$--"5# 0',2#" 7-,1#,--'#, T4TQ""# "*#!20-,'!4#01'-,4'* *#2S &22.S 555T03%T,* ' *'-2&##) !2*-%' #12,"#, #*#).3 03% "'11#022'#1 ',"#6 %&'(S[YZV[RVXVXVVUU[VT 1%23&4(%5"1&%"%617(%(6"( FrozenDesertAlive &#0-*#-$1#'!#$-0.#*%'!+!0-$3,,"'21.0#"2-01S '+.*'!2'-,1$-02&#,20!2'!.!)V'!#$--"5# 17"8&9:1%8 2#04#0)0'(%',%4,&#2"-!2-02',"# <'1)3,"##,(23305#2#,1!&..#, ,"#1'()13,'4#01'2#'260-,',%#, -.%#8%4,"# 1#!2-0>%,'$'!31Q"0T8T?5021Q ',&#2-.#, 02#4#0"#"'%#,-. 40'("%S+#'TRR[ -+SUTSW330 "--0 HaukeFlores %# -0#,-.SZ1#.2#+ #0S[YV 2#'0#+#0&4#, 0-+-2-0 S0-$T"0T<T2T<-*$$ 9-.0-+-2-0 SB0T2TT4,80,#)#0 '#--0"#*',%1!-++'11'# S0-$T"0T'0T:T2T<T"#'0 S0-$T"0T4T5T'2&+,, S0-$T"0T8TT>T5-*!)#02 %,+#+-07-$+7%0,"+-2&#0 %,6#"#,)#,,+#',#60-!+322#0 6'1#*8*-0#1 TV&#.TS[TSVTX2,TTRRZ Contents ",%*'1&13++07 Z B32!&13++07 SS 6#0+,13++07 SV 9&.2#0S 6#,#0*%,20-"3!2'-, S[ 9&.2#0T B'#2-$25-'!#$'1&1.#!'#1$0-+2&#&-32&&&#2*," U[ %1*,"1,""*#.&,2%1*,"1QChampsocephalusgunnari ,"Chaenocephalusaceratus',TRRSTRRU PolarBiology27(2004)119R129 9&.2#0U ",#0%7!-,2#,2-$,20!2'!+#1-.#*%'!$'1&#1S XS '+.*'!2'-,1$-02&#+0',#$--"5# PolarBiology29(2006)10451051 9&.2#0V B'120' 32'-,Q 3,",!#,"#!-*-%'!*0#*#4,!#-$ YU .#*%'!$'1&#1',2&#80#4&#Q&-32&#0,7!#, MarineEcologyProgressSeries367(2008)271282 9&.2#0W
    [Show full text]
  • Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections
    -&? SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 82. NUMBER 6 THE PAST CLIMATE OF THE NORTH POLAR REGION BY EDWARD W. BERRY The Johns Hopkins University (Publication 3061) CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION APRIL 9, 1930 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 82, NUMBER 6 THE PAST CLIMATE OF THE NORTH POLAR REGION BY EDWARD W. BERRY The Johns Hopkins University Publication 306i i CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION APRIL 9, 1930 ZU £or& (gafttmore (prees BALTIMORE, MD., U. S. A. THE PAST CLIMATE OF THE NORTH POLAR REGION 1 By EDWARD W. BERRY THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY The plants, coal beds, hairy mammoth and woolly rhinoceros ; the corals, ammonites and the host of other marine organisms, chiefly invertebrate but including ichthyosaurs and other saurians, that have been discovered beneath the snow and ice of boreal lands have always made a most powerful appeal to the imagination of explorers and geologists. We forget entirely the modern whales, reindeer, musk ox, polar bear, and abundant Arctic marine life, and remember only the seemingly great contrast between the present and this subjective past. Nowhere on the earth is there such an apparent contrast between the present and geologic climates as in the polar regions and the mental pictures which have been aroused and the theories by means of which it has been sought to explain the fancied conditions of the past are all, at least in large part, highly imaginary. Occasionally a student like Nathorst (1911) has refused to be carried away by his imagination and has called to mind the mar- velously rich life of the present day Arctic seas, but for the most part those who have speculated on former climates have entirely ignored the results of Arctic oceanography.
    [Show full text]
  • Redacted for Privacy Abstract Approved: John V
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF MIAH ALLAN BEAL for the Doctor of Philosophy (Name) (Degree) in Oceanography presented on August 12.1968 (Major) (Date) Title:Batymety and_Strictuof_thp..4rctic_Ocean Redacted for Privacy Abstract approved: John V. The history of the explordtion of the Central Arctic Ocean is reviewed.It has been only within the last 15 years that any signifi- cant number of depth-sounding data have been collected.The present study uses seven million echo soundings collected by U. S. Navy nuclear submarines along nearly 40, 000 km of track to construct, for the first time, a reasonably complete picture of the physiography of the basin of the Arctic Ocean.The use of nuclear submarines as under-ice survey ships is discussed. The physiography of the entire Arctic basin and of each of the major features in the basin are described, illustrated and named. The dominant ocean floor features are three mountain ranges, generally paralleling each other and the 40°E. 140°W. meridian. From the Pacific- side of the Arctic basin toward the Atlantic, they are: The Alpha Cordillera; The Lomonosov Ridge; andThe Nansen Cordillera. The Alpha Cordillera is the widest of the three mountain ranges. It abuts the continental slopes off the Canadian Archipelago and off Asia across more than550of longitude on each slope.Its minimum width of about 300 km is located midway between North America and Asia.In cross section, the Alpha Cordillera is a broad arch rising about two km, above the floor of the basin.The arch is marked by volcanoes and regions of "high fractured plateau, and by scarps500to 1000 meters high.The small number of data from seismology, heat flow, magnetics and gravity studies are reviewed.The Alpha Cordillera is interpreted to be an inactive mid-ocean ridge which has undergone some subsidence.
    [Show full text]