CATHARSIS the Art of Nandung in Indragiri Hulu Regency, Riau: The

CATHARSIS 7 (1) 2018 : 78-86

CATHARSIS

http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/catharsis

The Art of Nandung in Indragiri Hulu Regency, Riau: the Study of Performance Form and Value

Rofiandri Suardi, Udi Utomo

Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia

Article Info Abstrac ______Article History: Nandung is an spoken literature used as a lullaby, delivered with Recived January 2018 Accepted May 2018 poems and chanted by humming. Nandung contains poems about Published August 2018 religion, advice, character, and education.At present, Nandung ______grows as a kind of performing art. This research aims at analyzing Keywords: Nandung, Spoken the form of Nandung as a performing art and its values. The Literature, Form of method used was qualitative. The location of the research was Perfomance, Value ______Rengat, Indragiri Hulu Regency, Riau Province. The technique of data retrieval were observation, interview, and document study. The technique of data validity used triangulation source. The technique of data analysis used descriptive analysis. The results of the research are that the form of Nandung performance begins from the preparation, then goes to the main performance. There are 7 (seven) elements in the form of Nandung spoken literature performance, they are, speaker, music accompaniment, stage, costume, audience, poem, and the language used. The values in the poems are, religious value, character value, and education value. This research can broaden the perspective of the readers about Nandung spoken literature and give information about description and knowledge about Nandung spoken literature which is seen from the aspects of the performance and the values in it.

 Alamat korespondensi: p-ISSN 2252-6900 Jl Kelud Utara III, Semarang 50237 E-mail: [email protected] e-ISSN 2502-4531

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INTRODUCTION of Malay literature in Indonesia, especially Riau province’s malay. The city of Rengat, is one of cities in Moral education shoud be a compulsory Indragiri Hulu Regency, Riau Province. In the lesson in the early childhood. In Nandung, the past time, in this regency, there was a kingdom values about noble characters, religion advice called Indragiri which its replica is still in Danau have been delivered to the children since they Raja tourism object. It is located in the middle of were babies. The education of Islamic values Rengat city. The existence of the former have been recognized from the beginning kingdom can be proven by the existence of the narrative of Nandung lyrics, It is read the Kings’ graveyard who lead the Indragiri sentence La Ilaha Illallah, Muhammad Kingdom, one of them is Raja Narasinga II Rasulullah. This is delivered to always (Narasinga II King). remember Allah SWT and Nabi Muhammad The majority of Rengat is occupied by SAW. Malay race. Beside Malay race, there are also Rahman., et al (2010) states that the other races, like, Minang, Batak, Jawa, elements of art can be related to a belief. Malay TiongHoa, Banjar, Sunda, and tribal race, like, art is an art which is bound to a belief in God. Sakai and Talang Mamak. Due to the various And most of the embodiment of the art races there, the variety of developing cultures strengthens the belief. Like Nandung, the spoken and arts exist in Rengat. literature relates closely to Islamic religion The Malay-Riau societies, especially education. Rengat city and Indragiri Hulu Regency, has The Malay socitiesin Rengat and the various arts, like, Surat Kapal, Berdah, Berzanji, surroundings give priority the elements of Begambus, Dabus, Besilat, Begawai, Tari Islamic religion education in the Nandung Rentak Bulian dan Nandung. From the existed lyrics. The meaning of each sentence that is arts, Nandung is one that has still benn delivered contains meanings that are relevant to preserved in Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu, Islamic religion, such as have faith to and the especially in the area acroos of Rengat, such as Rasul, faith to the destiny, avoid bad attitude, Kampung Pulau, Kampung Besar Seberang,and respect to older people, and do good deeds. Rantau Mapesai. Nandung is an art which grows from the sublime Nandung is one of spoken literature used attitude which should be planted early to the as a lullaby, which delivers with the poems and childrens’ soul, and they should not be absence chanten by humming. The poem in Nandung is in chanting the phrases of La Ilaha Illallah, like poem that has sampiran (description) and Muhammad Rasulullah. To always educate content, with patterns a b dan a b. Nandung has religion to the children because it is a guidance the same meaning with song -- chanting lyrics by in our life. rhytmically sings to put the children to sleep. There is no certain information about Nandung is poems telling about religion, advice, when Nandung comes to Malay societies in character, teaching and learning, and education. Rengat Indragiri Hulu, because from the past Darmawi (2006) reveals that the Nandung time, the mothers have always chanted their term related to an spoken literature in Indragiri children to sleep. When fathers earned a living, Hulu societies defines as word sequences in lyric such as gardening, fishing, trading, mothers which are sung rhythmically to put the children would sing lullabies to their children. When of Indragiri hulu to sleep. their children have been asleep, mothers would Karim (2015) reveals that Malay is an do daily activities. Seen from its development, ethnical group in Indonesia that has treasure of Nandung begins to be contested and performed literature, both written and spoken. In this case, in big events in Rengat Indragiri Hulu Regency. Nadung spoken literature in one of the treasures

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Basically, the activity of Nandung is only Suyanto reveals 9 (nine) character pillar done in families. But at present, it is showed in from the noble universal values, they are: 1)Love big events in Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu. The to the God and all creatures; 2) independence change is a conservation effort from the parties and responsible; 3) honesty, diplomatic; 4) that are responsible to preserve the existence of respectful and polite; 5) helpful and cooperative; an art which will be an identity of a region. The 6) confident and hard working; 7) leadership and change from the original style is the addition of justice 8) kind and humble; and 9) tolerance, musical instrument Ghebane which peaceful, and unity (Widodo, 2010). The values accompanies Nandung performance. in an art work is usually religious value, The previous research that is relevant to mspoken value and education value. this discussion is the research of Euis Septia Rosmiati (2014) revelas that simulation Alviani (2012) in Harmonia Journal, titled “The technique in educating character of children can Form of Dangdut Orchestra Parodi Senggol be through music, songs, sounds, movements, Tromol in Semarang: The Study of Form and talks, touches, reading, matching, comparing, Function”. The results of Aviani’s research is the grouping, problem solving, scratching, stringing, process of the performance begins from the drawing. In Nandung, the values of education, preparation, then it continue with the main religious, mspoken are enforced through poems. performance. The next discusses about the the Raditya reveals in his article that the form of the performance (including the elements existence of a song should have function and of the performance) and the functions benefit in a society, and music as a medium to (emosional expression, aesthetical appreciation, deliver the messages in its lyrics. (Tyasrinestu, entertainment, communication, syimbolization, 2014). In the spoken literature, Nandung, lyrics physical reaction, culture sustainability, social become a medium to deliver the nessages and it norm, lagalization of social institution) of the is accompanied by music instrument along the performance of Parodi Senggol Tromol Dangdut performance. orchestra. The relevance of this research and Based on the above explanation, this Alviani’s is both of them discussed about the research will study about the form of the form of perfomance of an art object. performance, and the values in its poems/lyrics. Marinis reveals the performance concept, The formulation of problems in this research is such as, performer, costume, music, stage, and how the form of the performance of Nandung in audience. Performance is an activity which is Rengat, Indragiri Hulu regency, Riau province showed (Sabillah, 2017). Moreover, Alviani is, and what values are in Nandung in Rengat, (2012) explains about music performance that Indragiri Hulu regency, Riau province. has some elements, such as stage setting, performer, audience, material of the METHODS performance, sound, lighting, make up, costume, and music instrument. The method used in this research was The educated values in Nandung are in qualitative. The location was Rengat, the poems. Related to the values, acoording to Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu regency, Riau. Data Widodo, (2010) in the Harmonia Journal, titled used in this research was primary data, they “Lelagon Dolanan Anak dan Pendidikan were observation and interview, the secondary Karakter”, (The Children’s Songs and Character data were photos, document, videos, and Building) discusses about the values in children’s documentation of Nandung art. The data song, they are, religious, togetherness, validity from this research determines the nationality, esthetical values. The relevance with validity, the reliability of the research, or the this research is about the values of poems or research thoroughly determines the gong’s lyrics in an art object. trustworthness (Rohidi, 2011). This research used technique of source triangulation. The first

Rofiandri Suardi & Udi Utomo / Catharsis 7 (1) 2018 : 78-86 is data collection, next is data reduction, data their children to sleep. But now, Nandung can presentation, then conclussion or verification. be found in a show. Making Nandung becomes (Miles dan Hauberman in Rohidi, 2011). The a performing art is an effort to preserve it in results from data collection were analyzed in Rengat, Indragiri Hulu, Riau. accordance with researched problems. The form of Nandung Spoken Literature RESULT AND DISCUSSION Performance Jazuli in Kinesti, et al (2015) reveals that The discussion of the research will begin the form of performance is a a relationship from the history of Nandung spoken literature. among the whole elements in a performance. A Then it analyzes the form of performance and performance consists of some supporting the values in Nandung lyrics of Rengat, elements. The elements of art performance is a Indragiri Hulu Regency, Riau Province. unity that influence each other. If one elemen changes, the others do too. The supporting The History of Nandung Development elements, such as movements, performers, In the beginning of its occurance, instruments, costumes, make up, stage setting, Nandung was a song or a chant of La Ilaha lighting, sound setting, properties, and Illalah phrases and added with phrases that can audiences. make children fell asleep. The development of In Nandung performance, there are 1 Nandung became more complex since it was (one) speaker, 4 (four) or more instrument added with poems containing religion, advice, (Ghebane) players the form of the perfomance of character, and education. After the time passes, Nandung here is the combination from the societies added how to chant Nandung like Nandung which performs by Mothers at home the rhyme when reading the holy Al-Qur’an, so and the music playing of Ghebane used at that it has a special characteristic that is Berzanji, accompanying Dabus and other inherited from generation to generation in the activities. In a performance, there is a difference families of Rengatt sociaties. between general Nandung and the one performed. Nandung in families does not use music accompaniment in chanting the lyrics, while it uses Ghebane as music accompaniment in a performance. In this case, tempo and rhythm are interdependent. Alviani (2012) in her research explains that the form of Parodi Senggol Tromol Dangdut Orchestra has some processes in its performance, such as, preparation, main performance, performance form, and performance elements. The following Figure 1. Mom put her son to sleep. are order of Nandung performance:

The Nandung lyrics read by people who Preparation understand the art of reading Al-Qur’an will be Generally, before starting a different from those who do not understad it performance, it should be well prepared. The because of the different rhythm, duration, and preparation is not only done by the committee, melody. It also happens to the lyrics, it depends but also by the performers, such as sound to the speakers in sequencing words forming checking, and arranging the position in stage. poems. Nowadays, Nandung has undergone The preparation is done before the performance changes. Usually, Nandung only exists in begins. The intention of preparation is to families, especially mothers who want to put minimalize technical problems which can be

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happened during the performance. The their children to sleep. This activity is a fact of other preparation done by performers are how important the parents’ role in educating the preparing costume and make up. The costume is children. In the performance, Nandung spoken Kebaya or moslem attire completed with hijab literature is also spoken by Mothers. The role of and other accecories.After that, the performers mothers chanting the lyrics is an educator, have the final preparation to perform in the especially educating religion and spoken to the stage. children in their early age.

Figure 3. Nandung Performance. Figure 2. The Speaker of Nandung.

The Elements of Nandung Performance The Main Performance From the field observation and data In Nandung performance, it begins processing, it can be explained that the elements from the speaker chanting the phrase of of Nandung performance are: Dzikrullah (La Ilaha Illallah). Then, the performers play Ghebane music instrument following the tempo from the speaker using the pattern of hitting Ghebane (see the Notation 1). Further more, the speaker chants the poems lyrics containing messages that wants to deliver.

The messages of the lyrics chanted by the speaker are about Islamic teachings, good teachings, and education. In the main performance, a pattern of Nandung lyrics will be repeated till end. The difference in each song is only in the lyrics. Figure 4. Mother chanted Nandung. Melody, rhythm, and tempo used still have similarities from the previous repetition. Beside The Music accompaniment of Nandung that, the property used in Nandung is a cradle. It In the original style, Nandung does not is indicated that this activity is from the mothers’ have music accompaniment. When chanted at activity at home, i.e., put their children to sleep, home to put the children to sleep, Nandung is to entertain them, and to educate them in the only chanted by mothers. While in the early childhood. performane, Nandung is accompanied by a music instrument called Ghebane which are The Speaker of Nandung Spoken literature being played by mothers. The additional music In daily activities, Nandung spoken accompaniment makes Nandung more literature is chanted by mothers who want to put interesting.

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Notation 1. Pattern of Ghebane in Nandung

Figure 6. Stage Show of Nandung. Figure 5. Musical Instrument “Ghebane”.

Audiences Stage Audiences in the context of performance Pentas means part of stage to hold a are people who watch the performance, without performance. The stage sets in such a way, good interfering and working for the performance. In lighting, sound system, and other stage daily activities, when mothers chant Nandung decorations. In Nandung performance, the stage for their children, only their families watch setting is not different from the others. them. While in a performance, the audiences of

Nandung spoken literature consist of several Costume range of age, children to adults. The importance Costume worn by the speaker in the of Nandung spoken literature is religion teaching performance is different from the costume worn and other good teaching. by mothers at home, t-shirt or casual blouse.

There is no standard requirement for costume Nandung Lyrics worn in a performance. The most important There is no standard lyrics in Nandung thing for costume is neat, polite, and attractive spoken literature, it means that the lyrics for the audiences. delivered to the audiences are based on oneself composition or the compilstion from previous

Rofiandri Suardi & Udi Utomo / Catharsis 7 (1) 2018 : 78-86 composition. The vocabularies mastered by each Each part of lyrics is delivered with the speaker are not the same, so the consequence is same chant. The chanting of Nandung lyrics is that there is no standard lyrics in Nandung. The pronounced in Malay language with Rengat following is an example of lyrics of Nandung dialect. Generally, the letter “a” in the end of spoken literature by Ahmad Darmawi. wods is pronounced “e”. But, not all “a” La Ilaha Illallah pronounced “e”. The following is the example of Muhammad Rasulullah the lyrics. The first and the third lyrics, there are Pualam diasah licinnya meningkat 2 (two) words kebaya and tua. In chanting Susun bertembung–nak sayang-uratnya Nandung lyrics, the word kebaya is pronounced merah kebaye. The word tua is pronounced tue. Dengan Bismillah membuka kalimat Kesumba lurik warna kebaya Semoga Nandung-nak sayang-membawa Dipakai dara seri biduan berkah Berbuat baik pada orang tua Rebung bambu iris iriskan Akhlak utama setiap insan Perahlah santan-nak sayang-tanak The Values in Nandung Art berkuah Dayakisni inVerulitasari & Cahyono Dudu si dudu bunda Nandungkan (2016) reveals that value is a belief which is Dengarlah intan-nak sayang-Nandung relatively stable about models of specific attitude petuah which are wanted, and the final condition of an Indah nian bunga di taman existence which is personally or socially wanted Teman dilingkung-nak sayang-kawat from the models of attitude. Value is a belief that berduri based on ethical code in a society. Value Selama ananda dalam kandungan indicates about the right and wrong and shows Sakit dan perih-nak sayang-bunda alami about how the life should be, at present and in In daily life, the lyrics are delivered by the future, and also in the past. mothers differently, it depends on the mothers Basically, value is an idea about what are who want to put the children to sleep. The lyrics the goodness, rightness, and fairness. (Liliweri in of Nandung are not standardized, because each Maragani & Wadiyo, 2016). Value in Nandung mother has different competencies in sequencing lyrics are a hope from parents who want their words, the length and the short of its chanting, children have good attitude in accordance to as well as the contents that want to be delivered. Islamic Religion. The analysis of values in Nandung, however, cannot be separated from Nandung can be explained below: lyrics that contain religion teachings, character, parents’ love, and advices. Religious Values Religius means something relate to The Nandung Language religion. The religious values in Nandung can be The language used in Nandung is like seen in several pieces of poem from the book of generally Indonesian Language, it is easy to Sastra Lisan Nandung Indragiri Hulu. understand. The difference is on the dialect. Dari kecil cencilak padi Nandung uses Malay dialect in Rengat and its Sesudah besar cencilak padang surroundings, such as, Kampung Pulau, Dari kecil duduk mengaji Kampung Besar Seberang, and Rantau Mapesai. Sesudah besar tegak sembahyang The reason of Malay language usage because From a piece of above poem is one of this language is used in Rengat, Indragiri Hulu lyrics in Nandung. There is an Islamic religion Regency, and the Malay with Rengat dialect can teaching which is suggested by parents to be a characteristic from Nandung spoken children, such as the importance of learning to literature which grown and preserved till now. recite Al Qur’an and to be diligent prayer. The lyrics are:

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Di bulan Ramadhan orang puasa given by parents to children. By always being Menahan selera mengekang nafsu good, the life will be peace. Orang beriman hidup sentosa Kepada Allah tempat bertumpu Education Values The importance of surrendering to Allah, Education means teaching to change teaching to fast in Ramadhan, having faith in life attitude and increase the knowledge. The values are the messages delivered by mothers to of education in Nandung spoken literature can children. The following is a further example of be seen from several pieces of lyrics in the book lyrics in Nandung that contains religious values: of Sastra Lisan Nandung Indragiri Hulu. Jauh berjalan banyak dilihat Kasih ayah sepanjang jalan Lama hidup-nak sayang- banyak dirasa Kasih bunda-nak sayang-sepanjang hayat Bila badan banyak ibadat Jika ilmu engkau peliharakan Niscaya engkau-nak sayang-banyak Niscaya bahagia-nak sayang-dunia akhirat pahala The importance of education for children Sempurna helat karena beradat is taught by parents through lyrics in Nandung Terpelihara harkat-nak syang-terpelihara spoken literature. The useful and beneficial marwah knowledge will be shared to others for goodness Sempurnakan syariat menuju hakikat will make oneself happy in the world and Niscaya makrifat-nak sayang-kepada hereafter. The following are the lyrics: Allah Rebung bambu iris-iriskan The teaching of religious values to Perahlah santan-nak sayang-tanak children through Nandung spoken literatue is a berkuah proof of the importance of religion teaching to Dudu si dudu bunda Nandungkan early age children. The religious teaching is Dengarlah intan-nak sayang-Nandung hoped to be able to build children’s character. petuah Nandung petuah adalah Nandung that Mspoken Values contains education to children, such as religion Mspoken is meant as a good and bad knowledge teaching, goodness and social life attitude which is related to ethics and politeness. teaching. The role of parents is important in mspoken values in Nandung spoken literature children’s education, especially early age can be seen from several pieces of lyrics in the children. Nandung spoken literature is a proof of book of Sastra Lisan Nandung Indragiri Hulu. the importance of parents’ role in educating Kesumba lurik warna kebaya early age children which begins from informal Dipakai dara seri biduan (familial) education. Berbuat baik pada orang tua Akhlak utama setiap insan ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The mspoken teaching , such as, politeness and obedience to parents are values in A huge appreciation is indebted to Dr. Nandung spoken literature. The following is a Sunarto S.Sn., M.Hum. who has guided and further example of lyrics in Nandung that directed the writer in completing this writing. contain mspoken value: The writer also wants to thank the interviewees Sikurik kundi simerah saga of the research who has delivered bunch of Bersulam tekat ranggi tenunan information about The Art of Nandung in Baikkan budi pada sesama Indragiri Hulu Regency, Riau: the Study of Kaum kerabat mesti diutamakan Performance Form and Value. The importance of being always do good things to others is also a teaching that is always

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CONCLUSION Kabupaten Rembang. Catharsis: Journal of Arts Education, 4(2), 107–114. Nandung is a spoken literature used to put Maragani, M. H., & Wadiyo. (2016). Nilai-Nilai Yang Tertanam Pada Masyarakat Dalam children to sleep which is delivered by lyrics in a Kegiatan Masamper Di Desa Laonggo. poem. Nandung is also has the same meaning Catharsis : Journal of Arts Education, 5(1), with a song,--chanting lyrics by singing of them 48–54. using special rhythm to put children to sleep. Rahman, E., Aibonotika, A., Putra, D. H., & Jalil, A. Nandung contains lyrics about religion, advice, (2010). Riau Tanah Air Kebudayaan Melayu character, teaching, and education. Wisdom 2010 “Local Wisdom Inspiring Based on its development, Nandung Global Solution.” Pekanbaru: Tim Muhibah spoken literature begins to perform in a show Seni Budaya Melayu: Melayu Sejati. with additional music accompaniment, Rohidi, T. R. (2011). Metodologi penelitian Seni. Semarang: Cipta Prima Nusantara Semarang. Ghebane. In relation with the form of Rosmiati, A. (2014). Teknik Stimulasi dalam performance, the process of the performance Pendidikan Karakter Anak Usia Dini melalui begins with preparation, main performance, and Lirik Lagu Dolanan. Resital: Jurnal Seni elements of performance, such as speaker, music Pertunjukan, 15(1), 71–82. accompaniment, stage, costume, audience, lyric, Sabillah, S. M. (2017). Adaptabilitas Seniman and language. Then, from the values in its lyrics Pertunjukan Sastra Tutur Tadut Sebagai are religious values, mspoken values, and Kearifan Lokal Dalam Menghadapi education values. Perubahan Sosial Kehidupan Masyarakat Basemah Pagaralam. Universitas Negeri Semarang. REFERENCES Tyasrinestu, F. (2014). Lirik Musikal Pada Lagu

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