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Pelaksanaan Otonomi Daerah Terhadap Pembangunan Masyarakat Di Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu Rosmita1 Herman2

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Pelaksanaan Otonomi Daerah Terhadap Pembangunan Masyarakat Di Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu Rosmita1 Herman2 http://journal.uir.ac.id/index.php/JIAP E-ISSN : 2622-934X P-ISSN : 2502-9757 PUBLIKA : Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Publik Vol. 6, No. 1 / 2020 Pelaksanaan Otonomi Daerah Terhadap Pembangunan Masyarakat Di Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu Rosmita1 Herman2 1Administrasi Perkantoran, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Islam Riau, Jl. Kaharuddin Nasution No.113 Perhentian Marpoyan, Pekanbaru, Indonesia [email protected] 2Administrasi Publik, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Islam Riau, Jl. Kaharuddin Nasution No.113 Perhentian Marpoyan, Pekanbaru, Indonesia [email protected] Received : February 29, 2020; Accepted : April 11, 2020 DOI 10.25299/jiap.2020.vol6(1).4969 Abstract Regional autonomy is an authority granted by the central government to the lower level governments, namely the Provinces, Regencies / Cities to manage their own households. The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of regional autonomy towards community development in Indragiri Hulu Regency. The usefulness of this research should be of theoretical, practical and academic benefit, of course. This type of research uses qualitative and quantitative research types that are descriptive based on the information the author obtained, through primary data and secondary data, with respondents totaling 200 people. The technique of analyzing the data the authors conducted a qualitative analysis that would be carried out through primary, secondary, and library sources. The analysis will use a descriptive approach. The results showed that the implementation of regional autonomy carried out by the Government of the Indragiri Hulu Regency in the category did not go well. But on the other hand, the deliberation of the development plan (Musrenbang) through the Regional Work Unit (SKPD) in the category is not running well with the policy of the City / Regency Government only prioritizing the local government and the central government. In addition, the effect of implementation on community development is not well categorized in the development of basic facilities, infrastructure. Key Words : Regional Autonomy, Policy, Development Abstrak Otonomi daerah merupakan suatu kewenangan yang diberikan oleh pemerintah pusat pada pemerintah tingkat bawah yaitu Provinsi, Kabupaten/Kota untuk mengurus rumah tangganya sendiri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan otonomi daerah terhadap pembangunan masyarakat di Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu. Kegunaan dari penelitian ini hendaknya bermanfaat secara teoritis, praktis dan akademis tentunya. Tipe penelitian ini menggunakan tipe penelitian kualitatif dan kuantitatif yang bersifat uraian berdasarkan informasi yang penulis peroleh, melalui data primer dan data skunder, dengan responden berjumlah sebanyak 200 orang. Teknik analisa data penulis melakukan analisis kualitatif yang akan dilakukan melalui sumber-sumber primer, sekunder, dan dari perpustakaan. analisis akan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan otonomi daerah yang dilaksanakan Pemerintah Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu dikategori tidak berjalan dengan baik. Namun pada sisi lain, musyawarah rencana pembangunan (Musrenbang) melalui Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah (SKPD) dikategori kurang berjalan dengan kebijakan Pemerintah Kota/Kabupaten hanya mementingkan pemerintah setempat dan pemerintah pusat. Selain itu, pengaruh pelaksanaan atas pengembangan masyarakat dikategorikan tidak baik pada pengembangan fasilitas dasar, infrastruktur. Key Words : Otonomi Daerah, Kebijakan, Pembangunan. Rosmita dan Herman., / Publika : JIAP Vol. 6 No. 1 / 2020 64 Pendahuluan tujuan dari pembagunan tersebut adalah Otonomi daerah merupakan suatu untuk kesejahteraan masyarakat sesuai kewenangan yang diberikan oleh dengan amanat Undang-undang 1945 pemerintah pusat pada pemerintah yang mana tujuan dari negara adalah tingkat bawah yaitu Provinsi, melindungi segenap warga negara, Kabupaten/Kota untuk mengurus rumah memberikan kesejahteraan, memberikan tangganya sendiri. Isu pemberian otonomi pelayanan, rasa aman dan lain sebagainya. daerah (pembangunan) merupakan suatu Dengan demikian ukuran otonomi adalah tanda bahawa ketidakpuasan terhadap keberhasilan pembangunan didaerah berbagai urusan administrasi Provinsi, dimana menurut Herman (2018) Kabupten/Kota di Indonsesia terhadap pembangunan adalah suatu rangkaian pemerintah pusat. Bukti dari ketidak aktivitas-aktivitas pembaharuan, keadaan puasan tersebut dicerminkan dalam yang kurang baik menjadi lebih baik yang Undang-undangNomor 22 Tahun 1999 dilakukan secara sadar dan terarah Tentang Pemerintahan Daerah, dengan sehingga tujun untuk kesejahteraan regulasi ini maka banyak daerah-daerah masyarakat dapat terwujud secara yang menyatakan memisahkan diri menyeluruh. menjadi Provinsi, Kabupaten/Kota baru Sentuhan otonomi daerah harus diseluruh Indonesia dan tidak terkecuali mampu merata di Indonesia dan tak Provinsi Riau yang diantaranya adalah terkecuali di Provinsi Riau khususnya lagi Kabupaten Pelalawan yang memisahkan di Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu. Kabupaten diri dari Kabupaten Kampar, Kabupaten ini merupakan salah satu dari 12 (dua Kepulauan Meranti yang memisahkan diri belas) Kabupaten/Kota yang ada di dari Kabupaten Bengkalis, dan banyak Provinsi Riau dengan jumlah penduduk lagi Kabupaten/Kota yang memisahkan pada tahun 2019 sebanyak 425.897 jiwa. diri dari daerah induknya di seluruh Pendapatan masyarakat Kabupaten Indonesia. Setelah regulasi ini, pada Indragiri Hulu ini yang tertinggi adalah Tahun 2004 terbit kembali Undang- dari hasil pertanian kelapa sawit, namun undangNomor 32 Tahun 2004 Tentang pada era tahun 1990-an komoditi yang Pemerintah Daerah, dan kemudian tertinggi adalah dari karet. Dengan direvisi lagi menjadi Undang- berjalannya waktu Kabupaten Indragiri undangNomor 23 Tahun 2014 Tentang Hilir dari sektor pertanian telah dikuasai Pemerintah Daerah yang mana Undang- oleh kelapa sawit, tetapi komoditi karet undangini berbeda dari Undang- dan hasil pertanian lainnya masih ada di undangsebelumnya yaitu terletak pada Kabupaten ini. Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu peraturan tentang desa yang memisahkan merupakan lokasi penelitian penulis yang diri menjadi Undang-undangNomor 6 mana Kabupaten ini memiliki luas Tahun 2014 Tentang Desa. 8.198,26 Km,2 dengan memiliki 14 Dengan terbitnya regulasi ini Kecamatan, 16 Kelurahan dan 178 Desa. diharapkan otonomi daerah dapat berjalan Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu berbatasan dengna maksiml yang mana titik dengan: pokoknya adalah pembangunan disegala 1. Sebelah Utara berbatasan dengan bidang, baik itu infrastruktur, kesehatan, Kabupaten Pelalawan; pendidikan, pertanian, peternakan, 2. Sebelah Selatan berbatasan dengan perikanan dan lain sebagainya yang mana Kabupaten Bungo Tebo (Provinsi Jambi); Rosmita dan Herman., / Publika : JIAP Vol. 6 No. 1 / 2020 65 3. Sebelah Barat berbatasan dengan Hulu baik pembangunan fisik maupun Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi; pembangunan non fisik yang memberikan 4. Sebelah Timur berbatasan dengan dampak terhadap pembangunan untuk Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir. kesejahteraan masyarakat khususnya Dari hasil data yang penulis masyarakat Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu. peroleh, Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu Oleh karena itu pemerintah jangan mengalami peningkatan dari sektor menekankan kepada kepentingan politik pembangunan diberbagai bidang, semata namun untuk kepentingan misalnya dari kesehatan pada tahun 2017 masyarakat lebih diutamakan agar jumlah Dokter spesiali 16 orang, Dokter pembangunan dapat berjalan dengan umum 70 orang dan Dokter gigi 19 orang. sebaik mungkin sesuai dengan keinginan Sedangkan tenaga kesehatan di masyarakat luas. Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu yaitu: Tenaga Medis 109 orang, Tenaga Keperawatan 511 Tinjauan Pustaka orang, Tenga Kebidanan 739 orang, Administrasi menurut Sondang P. Tengara Farmasi 23 orang dan Tenaga Siagian (2008:5) adalah didefinisikan Kesehatan Lainnya sebanyak 92 orang. sebagai keseluruhan proses kerja sama Untuk failitas kesehatan Kabupaten antara dua orang manusia atau lebih yang Indragiri Hulu memiliki 3 Rumah Sakit, 35 didasarkan atas rasionalitas tertentu untuk Klinik Bersalin, 20 Puskesmas, 136 mencapai tujuan yang telah ditentukan Puskesmas Pembantu, dan 403 Posyandu. sebelumnya. Administrasi sebagai salah Dari pembangunan sektor satu cabang studi ilmu sosial definisinya pendidikan juga mengalami peningkatan, tidak terbatas hanya sekedar pekerjaan Kabupaten Indargiri Hulu memiliki korespondensi atau sama dengan catat- Sekolah Mengah Atas dan Madrasah Aliah mencatat. Administrasi dalam arti luas yang tersebar di 14 Kecamatan yang mencakup keseluruhan proses aktivitas terdiri dari: Gedung Sekolah sebanyak 39, kerjasama sejumlah manusia dalam Guru sebanyak 858 Orang, dan Murid organisasi untuk mencapai satu atau sebanyak 8.575 orang. Untuk Sekolah sejumlah tujuan yang telah disepakati Menengah Tingkat Pertama dan Madrasah sebelumnya demi mencapai suatu Tsanawiyah yang terdiri dari: Gedung organisasi yang efektif dan efisien demi Sekolah Sebanyak 86, Guru sebanyak 1.646 kelancaran dari tujuan organisasi tersebut. orang, dan Murid sebanyak 22.439 orang. Dengan demikian menurut Suminta Sedangkan untuk Sekolah Dasar dan (2005:3) mengatakan bahwa yang Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) yang mana dimaksud dengan administrasi Gedung Sekolah sebanyak: 312 Gedung keseluruhan proses pelaksanaan Sekolah, 4342 Guru dan 60185 Murid. keputusan-keputusan yang telah diambil Pembangunan yang dilaksanakan dan diselenggarakan oleh dua orang atau oleh Kabupaten Indaragiri Hulu yang lebih untuk
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