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Morphology of Talang Mamak Tribe Dialect at Indragiri Regency of Riau Province, Indonesia

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Morphology of Talang Mamak Tribe Dialect at Indragiri Regency of Riau Province, Indonesia Morphology of Talang Mamak Tribe Dialect at Indragiri Regency of Riau Province, Indonesia Seno H. Putra English Department, Universitas Islam Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia Keywords: Linguistic, Indragiri Hulu, Communication. Abstract: This is a study of aspects of dialect used by Talang Mamak tribe, a minority of Indragiri Hulu regency, Riau province. The problems of this study, namely, the processes of morphology that pertain to nominal and verbal constructions and interact with the syntax of TM. The design of this study was based on the methodology of qualitative linguistic research. The approach used in this study is to describe and analyze linguistic corpora, where in conducting this study, the researcher directly went to the field to collect the data through informal communication and interaction with the TM speakers as well as through formal elicitation and recording sessions. The contribution of this study was for linguistic field, and for the basis of the study of TM in the aspects of morphology. Besides, from the analysis and findings of this study obtained the current forms of morphology and a few examples of its sentences of syntax processes of TM. Moreover, the results of this study also indicated both similarities and differences among other dialects in the border of Indragiri Hulu regency, particularly, and Riau province generally, including Borneo and other dialects of Sumatera. for examples, the similarities and differences among other dialects: Sakai, Bonai, Suku Laut, Rengat, Kampar, Taluk Kuantan, in Riau province; while, Berau in Borneo, and Jambi malay language, Nias dialect in Sumatera, and Jakarta dialect, and what the future appears to hold for tm dialect, of course, needs to be followed up. 1 INTRODUCTION research, particularly by those who are interested in language studies. Among the studies are, for exam- Not many people know about the Talang Mamak, an ple, dialects of coastal areas in the Riau Archipelago ethnic group in eastern Sumatra, Indonesia, who still (Putra, ), the dialects of orang Laut in the Riau live in the interior of the Indragiri Hulu regency in Archipelago (Suwardi, 1986), the dialects of Kam- the Riau Province of Indonesia. However, both cul- par (Dahlan, 1983), the Morphology of the Rengat ture and language can be investigated and developed, dialect of Indragiri Hulu (Seno, 1998) and Morpho- in order to contribute to the world-wide society. Until logical system of Bonai dialect (Ruswan, 1983). now, however, many people, including linguists and Nonetheless, among Malay dialects little is known anthropologists, have not yet investigated the unique about Talang Mamak. However, according to Collins characteristics of the Talang Mamak group. Although (Collins, 1998), the dialects of minority people must there have been a few scholars who have investigated be researched, because the dialects of tribal people, these phenomena, the results have not been substan- geographically split from mainstream social condi- tial. We note here only the studies by Sugio Hadi tions, often display archaic elements of language, es- and Dalami Kari and Abdullah Manan and Syahda- pecially in vocabulary and morphology, and these ele- nur (n.d) (Collins, 1995), especially on the words of ments may be useful for explaining features and clas- Talang Mamak dialect, and Sulaiman a little focused sification of other dialects. on the Structure of Talang Mamak dialect. But, until today we still must ask: Why has the Indeed, there are some areas of the Riau Province Talang Mamak dialect never been investigated? Why where the studies of dialects have been done with has it gotten less attention from regional or foreign much scholarly attention. The results of those stud- scholars? Why have scholars been focused on the ies are available not only to examine basic concepts study of only some Malay dialects, especially in the and to assist in the development of the dialects them- parts of the Malay heartland, including in Riau itself, selves, but the studies could also contribute towards but not on the dialects of Talang Mamak, also a part 216 Putra, S. Morphology of Talang Mamak Tribe Dialect at Indragiri Regency of Riau Province, Indonesia. DOI: 10.5220/0009105002160223 In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Social, Economy, Education and Humanity (ICoSEEH 2019) - Sustainable Development in Developing Country for Facing Industrial Revolution 4.0, pages 216-223 ISBN: 978-989-758-464-0 Copyright c 2020 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved Morphology of Talang Mamak Tribe Dialect at Indragiri Regency of Riau Province, Indonesia of the Malay heartland? In other words, some schol- describe the Morphology of TM, by using a descrip- ars have been focused on the culture of TM, but only tive approach, this study also begins with the hypothe- a few on the dialects of TM specifically. ses of the study. With these questions in mind, the researcher has The hypotheses of this study can be explained in chosen to investigate the Talang Mamak dialect, es- three statements. First, there is a relationship between pecially focusing on the Morphology. There is an- TM and other Malay variants. Second, there is a dif- other dialect, in this region, which has already been ference between TM and the other dialects of other thoroughly researched, namely Rengat dialect (Seno, area, including the variants spoken by other minority 1998), so this study will focus only on Talang Mamak, people in Sumatra, such as Kubu, Sakai, Suku Laut, henceforth called TM. Geographically, Riau includes and Bonai. Third, there are similarities between TM many variants of Malay that display differences and and the dialects of the other areas, including the lan- similarities from one area to the other, of course, all guages or dialects of Kubu, Sakai, Suku Laut, and these dialects are part of the Malay language. There- Bonai. Based on the three hypotheses above, there- fore, the focus of this research is on language use in fore, this study, at least, can contribute to explain- some what informal settings, necessarily a dialect is ing the relationships that exist between TM and other the appropriate topic. As noted above, the TM dialect Sumatra dialects, including Kubu, Sakai, Suku Laut, will form the basis of this study, or the main problem Bonai by delineating the similarities and differences of this study is about the Morphology of TM dialect among them. will be the main focused of this study. As stated above with respect to the purpose of this study, this study is aimed at finding out and describ- ing aspects of the Morphology of TM, but the results 2 RESEARCH PROBLEMS of this study can also contribute to further research, particularly because the study of TM in the aspects of Morphology that has not been much researched yet by The problems of this study can be formulated in two scholars until now. With clear understanding of TM broad questions. First, what are the processes of mor- Morphology, Thus, this study can also contribute to phology that pertain to nominal and verbal construc- those who are interested in conducting research about tions of TM? Second, how do morphological pro- the Malay language, especially the dialects of minor- cesses interact with the syntax of TM?. In this study, ity people like TM, and the results of this study can the researcher does not intend to report on all aspects contribute to linguistic studies. of TM. Instead, this study is limited to the formula- tion of the problems (research problem) stated above The design of this study is based on the method- and so that they can be investigated and analysed in ology of qualitative linguistic research. The approach depth. This has implications for what is to be investi- used in this study is to describe and analyse linguistic gated and how this study is to be conducted. Conse- corpora, because, in carrying out this study, the re- quently, the main purpose of this study is to discover searcher directly went to the field to collect the data and describe the Morphology of TM dialect, partic- through informal communication and interaction with ularly in the aspects of nominal and verbal construc- the Talang Mamak dialect speakers as well as through tions of TM, and the morphological processes that in- formal elicitation and recording sessions. These ef- teract with the syntax of TM. forts were undertaken became the main work of a linguist who wishes to analyse linguistic data found from the informants in the field. In short, the pur- pose of studying a dialect is to acquire accurate data 3 RESEARCH METHOD through natural communication in the language in use (Bogdan, 1982) (Punch, 2001). This study uses a descriptive approach to collect, In this study, although the researcher directly went identify and describe the components of the morphol- to the field, the researcher also used a Talang Ma- ogy of TM. Since the components or the aspects of mak assistant, especially to communicate and inter- Morphology of TM are broad, this study is focused act with the TM dialect speakers. During the field on only three tasks. First, to find out and describe work, the researcher encountered difficulties in ac- the processes of affixation morphology, particularly quiring the data from the TM dialect speakers. The in the formation of nouns and verbs. Second, to find TM dialect speakers were very shy not only to talk out and describe the processes of between the pro- freely, but also, they were reluctant to face and meet cesses of morphology and those of sentence structure with an outsider, or someone who was not yet known in TM. Although the aim of this study is to find and to them. Therefore, in order to get the data for this 217 ICoSEEH 2019 - The Second International Conference on Social, Economy, Education, and Humanity linguistic corpus, the researcher was usually accom- level of education, the use of dialect, and reduced con- panied by the village head, Kumantan, a 51 year old tact with outsiders.
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