Data Collection and Mobility Assessment Report on Sustainable Urban Transport Index and Impacts of COVID-19 on Mobility

– CITY, –

Dr. Muhammad Ikhsan 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ...... 1 I.1 General description...... 1 I.2 Population ...... 3

CHAPTER II: URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEMS AND SERVICES ...... 6 II.1 Land Use…………………………………………………………………………………………….....…...……….. 6 II.2 Main Networks and Connections……………………………….…………………………………………. 7 II.3 Transportation Infrastructure………………………………………………………………..….…………. 8 II.4 Public Transportation ………………………………………………………………………….....…………. 12 II.5 Master Plan of Transportation Pekanbaru………………………………………………...………… 20 II.6 Bike Line …………………………………………………………………………………………………..………. 21 II.7 Planning for Parking Area ………………………………………………………………………….……… 22

CHAPTER III: SUTI DATA COLLECTION...... 28

CHAPTER IV: SUTI DATA AND ANALYSIS ...... 29

CHAPTER V: DATA ANALYSIS...... 38

CHAPTER VI: IMPACTS OF COVID 19 ON URBAN MOBILITY……………………..……….… 40

CHAPTER VII: CONCLUDING REMARKS………………………………………………………………...47

CHAPTER VIII: REFERENCES AND OFFICIALS MET………………………………………..…..…48

List of Tables Table I-1: District area and Population of Pekanbaru City………………………….………………… 2 Tabel I-2: Population by district in Pekanbaru City 2019…………………………………...………… 3 Table I-3: Number of student from Kindergarten to Senior High School in Pekanbaru…... 4 Table I-4: Number of school from Kindergarten to Senior High School in Pekanbaru 2020………………………………………………………………………………………… 4 Table II-1: Terminal in Pekanbaru……………………………………………………………………………… 8 Table II-2: Air traffic (International and domestic) in Sultan Syarif Kasim II Airport………………………………………………………………………………………..…9 Table II-3: List of roads by function and hierarchy in Pekanbaru………………………………… 10 Table II-4: Composition of vehicle types in Pekanbaru………………………………………………. 12 Table II-5: BRT Revenue in 2019………………………………………………………………………………. 15 Table II-6: The construction Cost (Preliminary Estimate)……………………………………….…. 17 Table II-7: Operating Costs (Preliminary Estimates) ………………………………………………… 17 Table II-8: Oplet services in Pekanbaru…………………………………………………………………….. 19 Table II-9: Number of Taxis in Pekanbaru ………………………………………………………………… 20 Table II-10: Financial Consequences of New Parking System ……………………………………. 26 Table IV-1: Assessment of indicator 1………………………………………………………………………..29 Table IV-2: Average number of trips per person by main mode of transport………………29 Table IV-3: Trips for Work and Education…………………………………………………………………30 Table IV- 4: Results of satisfation survey…………………………………………………………………….32 Table IV-5: Satisfaction survey detail…………………………………………………………………………33 Table IV-6: Road fatalities/population……………………………………………………………………….33 Table IV-7: Revenue from BRT…………………………………………………………………………………..34 Table IV-8: Travel Costs as part of Income………………………………………………………………….34 Table IV-9: calculation of fare-box ratio……………………………………………………………………..35 Table IV-10: Investment in public transport……………………………………………………………….35 Table IV-11: Budget allocation for transport……………………………………………………….……35 Table IV-12: PM10 measurment ……………………………………………………………………………..…36 Table IV-13: GHG emissions from transport…………………………………………………………….. 36 Table V-1: SUTI Derivation for Pekanbaru………………………………………………………………….39 Table VI-1: Quantity of bus before and during Covid-19…………………………………………….. 41 Table VI-2: Comparison of bus number before Covid19 and current situation .………….. 42 Table VI-3: Number of passengers for each TMP corridor January-August 2020………….. 43 Table VI-4: TMP Bus Frequency January-August 2020 ……………………………………………… 44

List of Figures Figure I-1: Pekanbaru city outline maps……………………………………………………………….…… 1 Figure I-2: Economic growth rate of Pekanbaru 2016-2019…………………………………….….. 2 Figure I-3: Population Pyramid in Pekanbaru, 2019…………………………………………………… 3 Figure I-4: Air quality (PM10), number of days in a year…………………………………………….. 5 Figure II-1: Built area in Pekanbaru…………………………………………………………………………… 6 Figure II-2: Pekanbaru City Land Use Plan…………………………………………………………………. 6 Figure II-3: Main transportation network………………………………………………………………….. 7 Figure II-4: Road Authorithy in Pekanbaru………………………………………………………………… 9 Figure II-5: Road Performance in Pekanbaru…………………………………………………………….10 Figure II-6: Road Pavement in Pekanbaru………………………………………………………...……… 10 Figure II-7: Road network in Pekanbaru City……………………………………………….………….. 11 Figure II-8: TMP Corridor ……………………………………………………………………………………… 13 Figure II-9: Coverage of TMP………………………………………………………………..…………………. 14 Figure II-10: Number of Passenger in 2019……………………………………………………………… 15 Figure II-11: Future Development of BRT Corridors and Stations……..………………………. 18 Figure II-12: Future plans of Pekanbaru Bus Rapid Transit (BRT)…….………………………. 18 Figure II-13: Future Facilities of Pekanbaru Bus Rapid Transit (BRT)……………………….. 18 Figure II-14: Master Plan of Outer Ring Road in Pekanbaru……………………………………… 20 Figure II-15: Planning of Toll Road Connection Pekanbaru-, Pekanbaru-, and -Pekanbaru…………………………..…………………………………………….. 21 Figure II-16: Transit Oriented Development, connected by Outer Ring Road…….………..21 Figure II-17: Parking at CBD of Pekanbaru……………………………………………………….……… 22 Figure II-18: Parking time of early and late visitors at CBD………………………………………. 23 Figure II-19: Parking time at Jl. and Jl. …………………………………… 23 Figure II-20: Duration of parking in Pekanbaru Mall………………………………………………… 23 Figure II-21: Comparison of parking price of Pekanbaru and around the world…………. 24 Figure II-22: Proposed parking clusters……………………………………………………………...……. 25 Figure II:23: Organization of Parking Services…………………………………………………….……. 26 Figure IV-1: Influence areas of BRT routes…………………………………………………………………31 Figure V-1: SUTI Spider diagram………………………………………………………………………………38 Figure VI-1: Number of passengers for each TMP corridor January-August 2020………. 43 Figure VI-2: TMP Bus Frequency January-August 2020……………………………………….……. 44 Figure VI-3: Cleanliness, hygiene and dinsifection procedures at TMP……….……………… 45 Figure VI-4 Seating arrangements and facilities for health protocol ………….………………. 46

Disclaimer: This report has been issued without formal editing. The designation employed and the presentation of the material in the report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed, analysis, conclusions and recommendations are those of the author(s) and should not necessarily be considered as reflecting the views or carrying the endorsement of the United Nations. Mention of firm names and commercial products does not imply the endorsement of the United Nations.

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION I.1 General description Pekanbaru, the capital of Province, is located about 950 Kilometers Northwest of , and the third largest city in Island. It is located in Sumatera Island, between 0°30’50’’ N and 101°26’30’’ E. The maximum temperature at Pekanbaru in May 2019 reached 36.8°C, while the minimum temperature is around 20.4°C observed in November 2019. Precipitation varies from maximum of 323 mm in 13 days in June 2019 to 43 mm in 4 days in August 2019 (Central Bureau of Statistic, 2020). Pekanbaru is located at an altitude of 10 m to 50 m above sea level.

Figure I-1: Pekanbaru city outline maps

The area of Pekanbaru City covers 632.26 km2. It is divided into 12 districts and the district population distribution is provided in Table I-1 below.

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Table I-1: District area and Population of Pekanbaru City Number District Population 1 Tampan 181,910 2 Payung Sekaki 94,965 3 Bukit Raya 93,337 4 Marpoyan Damai 130,303 5 Tenayan Raya 136,448 6 Limapuluh 43,461 7 Sail 23,285 8 Pekanbaru Kota 26,645 9 Sukajadi 47,672 10 Senapelan 38,292 11 Rumbai 68,451 12 Rumbai Pesisir 69,604 Total 1,149,359

Source: Pekanbaru in Figures, 2020

Economic structure of the city is dominated by three major fields. They are whole sales, retail trade, repair of vehicle and motorcycle (31.41%), construction (30.16%), and manufacturing (19.24%) of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of the city. The economic growth rate of the city increased from 5.68% in 2016 to 6.01% in 2019, although in 2018 it became 5.4%. The total GRDP of the city is 119.1 triliun IDR (Indonesian Rupiah).

Economic growth

7 6 6.12 6.01 5 5.68 5.4 4 3 2 1 0 Economic Growth (in %) (in Growth Economic 2016 2017 2018 2019 Year Source: Pekanbaru in Figures, 2020 Figure I-2: Economic growth rate of Pekanbaru 2016-2019

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I.2 Population Based on the data of Pekanbaru City Statistic Central Agency, in 2019 the population of the city was 1,149,359 with population growth rate of 4.2%. The city has a density of 1,818/km2. Around 29.5% of the population are in the age of 15 to 29 years old.

Source: Pekanbaru in Figures, 2020 Figure I-3: Population Pyramid in Pekanbaru, 2019

Tabel I-2: Population by district in Pekanbaru City 2019 No District Percentage of Total Population Density Population 1 Tampan 19.06 3,041 2 Payung Sekaki 9.95 2,196 3 Bukit Raya 9.78 4,233 4 Marpoyan Damai 13.65 4,381 5 Tenayan Raya 14.30 797 6 Limapuluh 4.55 10,758 7 Sail 2.44 7,143 8 Pekanbaru Kota 2.79 11,790 9 Sukajadi 5.00 12,679 10 Senapelan 4.01 5,758 11 Rumbai 7.17 531 12 Rumbai Pesisir 7.29 442 Total Pekanbaru 100.00 1,818 Source: Pekanbaru in Figures, 2020

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Table I-3: Number of student from Kindergarten to Senior High School in Pekanbaru

No District Total 1 Kec. Tampan 50,118 2 Kec. Marpoyan Damai 31,539 3 Kec. Tenayan Raya 27,953 4 Kec. Payung Sekaki 19,72 5 Kec. Bukit Raya 18,539 6 Kec. Lima Puluh 16,014 7 Kec. Rumbai Pesisir 15,842 8 Kec. Rumbai 15,107 9 Kec. Sukajadi 12,845 10 Kec. Sail 11,871 11 Kec. Senapelan 9,644 12 Kec. Pekanbaru Kota 3,656 Total 232,848 Source: Dapodikdasmen 2020 (Elementary and Middle Education Main Data)

Table I-4: Number of school from Kindergarten to Senior High School in Pekanbaru 2020

No District Total 1 Kec. Tampan 290 2 Kec. Marpoyan Damai 174 3 Kec. Tenayan Raya 171 4 Kec. Payung Sekaki 123 5 Kec. Bukit Raya 106 6 Kec. Rumbai Pesisir 96 7 Kec. Sukajadi 81 8 Kec. Rumbai 80 9 Kec. Lima Puluh 74 10 Kec. Senapelan 49 11 Kec. Sail 35 12 Kec. Pekanbaru Kota 34 Total 1,313 Source: Dapodikdasmen 2020 (Elementary and Middle Education Main Data)

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Air quality

Source: BMKG, 2020 Figure I-4: Air quality (PM10), number of days in a year

The data of air quality in Pekanbaru from 2000 to 2019 can be seen in Figure I-4. The air quality in Pekanbaru is fluctuated every year due to forest and land fire in certain year. In 2014, 2015, and 2019 there were serious forest and land fire in Riau Province and Sumatera Island. These years can not be used to measure the air quality due to transportation. Therefore, the year 2018 is used to measure normal air quality due to transportion and other factors, in the exception of forest and land fires.

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CHAPTER II: URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEMS AND SERVICES II.1 Land Use

Source: RTRW Pekanbaru 2019-2039 Figure II-1: Built area in Pekanbaru Currently, built area in Pekanbaru covers about 30% of city as observed in Figure II-1. The city is divided in the middle by that flows from west to east. There are four bridges across Siak River. The most population are in the south of the city.

Source: RTRW Pekanbaru 2019-2039 Figure II-2: Pekanbaru City Land Use Plan 6

According to Pekanbaru spatial plan (RTRW) 2019-2039 as observed in Figure II-2, there are some new development area that need transportation network such as Tenayan Industrial Park and Government Office in Tenayan Raya. There are also new Commercial and Trade Blocks and Buatan Lake Tourism in Rumbai. Another Commercial and Trade Blocks is planned in Payung Sekaki.

II.2 Main Networks and Connections Main networks of the city can be observed in Figure II-3. Most of the transportation network use road network. Siak River is used only for provincial transportation network, and not for city local transportation.

Figure II-3: Main transportation network There are four main road entrance to Pekanbaru. They are from West Sumatera, Tlk Kuantan, , and Dumai as observed in Figure II-3. There are three key connections to the city. First, terminal BRPS that is used for Inter- Provincial Bus and also for BRT terminal and depo. Second, a riverport Sungai Duku for key connection to islands in Riau Province. Third, an international airport Sultan

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Syarif Kasim II that has direct flights to Kuala Lumpur, , Jakarta, , , , , and many major cities in Indonesia.

II.3 Transportation Infrastructure a. Terminals Road transport infrastructure network consists of a tangible node for the passenger terminal and for goods and traffic terminal . The passenger terminal according to the service area is grouped into: 1. Type A passenger terminal serves as the level one hub in the city providing interchange facilities for border, regional, intercity, rural and urban transport. 2. Type B passenger terminal serves the public transportation for inter-city transportation within the province, urban transport and rural transportation. 3. Terminal passenger type C serves the public transportation for rural transportation. Table II-1: Terminal in Pekanbaru Number Station Name Type Location 1 Bandar Raya Payung Sekaki A Kecamatan Payung Sekaki (BRPS) 2 Terminal Penumpang Senapelan C Kecamatan Senapelan 3 Terminal Penumpang Rumbai C Kecamatan Rumbai 4 Terminal Penumpang Rumbai Barat C Kecamatan Rumbai Barat 5 Terminal Penumpang Sukajadi C Kecamatan Sukajadi 6 Terminal Penumpang Kulim C Kecamatan Kulim 7 Terminal Penumpang Tuah Madani C Kecamatan Tuah Madani 8 Terminal Penumpang Batas Kota C Kecamatan Tuah Madani bagian Selatan 9 Terminal Barang Goods Kecamatan Kulim Source: RTRW Pekanbaru 2019-2039 b. Airport Terminals Pekanbaru is also connected through an International Airport Sultan Syarif Kasim II. The international terminal connects the city to Kuala Lumpur, , and Singapore. While the domestic terminal provides linkages to cities in Indonesia such as Medan, Padang, Dumai, Batam, Tanjung Pinang, Jambi, , Bandung, Jakarta, Yogyakarta, and .

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Table II-2: Air traffic (International and domestic) in Sultan Syarif Kasim II Airport Num Month (2019) Aircraft Passengers Arrivals Departures Arrivals Departures 1 January 1,104 1,105 145,960 141,043 2 February 1,001 999 117,179 118,319 3 March 1,115 1,114 125,983 124,255 4 April 1,089 1,090 120,441 115,225 5 May 1,018 1,018 111,200 100,914 6 June 1,115 1,115 140,917 149,373 7 July 1,158 1,161 133,803 133,436 8 August 1,217 1,216 131,000 130,112 9 September 1,142 1,141 121,052 122,007 10 October 1,266 1,270 131,290 126,259 11 November 1,210 1,211 138,502 133,369 12 December 1,292 1,293 152,774 146,260 Total in 2019 13,727 13,733 1,570,101 1,540,572 Source: Pekanbaru in Figures, 2020 c. Roads The length of the road in Pekanbaru in 2019 was 1,277.9 km. It includes national roads 83,45 km, provincial road 127,51 km, and city road 1,066.94 km. Most of them are in good condition 47%, moderate 15% and damage 38%. In addition, road pavement type in Pekanbaru are 68% asphalt, 6% gravel, 24% soil, and 2% concrete.

National Roads-Authority (km) 83.45 Province 7% 127.51 10%

City 1066.94 83%

Figure II-4: Road Authorithy in Pekanbaru

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Roads-Performance (km)

Damage Good 493.34 597.8 38% 47%

Moderate 186.76 15% Figure II-5: Road Performance in Pekanbaru

RoadsConcrete-Pavement type (km) 31.31 Soil 2% 302.48 24%

Gravel 76.67 6% Asphalted 867.44 68%

Source: Pekanbaru in Figures 2020 Figure II-6: Road Pavement in Pekanbaru List and hierarchy of the roads can be observed in Table II-5 as follows.

Table II-3: List of roads by function and hierarchy in Pekanbaru Number Name of road Road authority Lane Number I Arterial Road 1 Jl. Siak II (Pku) National 4 2 Jl. Sudirman National 4 3 Jl. Sp. Panam-Sp. Kubang (Pku) National 2 4 Jl. Sp. Air Hitam-Sp.Gemar Menabung National 4 5 Jl. Subrantas (Pku)-Bts. Kab. Kampar National 4 6 Jl. Bts. Pelalawan-Sikijang Mati National 2 7 Jl. Sp. Panam-Sp. Air Hitam (Pku) National 2 8 Jl. Sp. Kayu Ara-Bts. Kab. Pelalawan National 2 9 Jl. Sp. K. Nasution (Pasir Putih)-Sp. Kayu Ara National 2 (Pku) II Primary Collector - 1 1 Jl. K. Nasution (Pku)-Marpoyan (Jl.Tl.Kuantan) National 4 III Toll Road 1 Pekanbaru-Kandis-Dumai National 4 2 Pekanbaru---Bukit Tinggi National 4 10

3 Pekanbaru-Rengat National 4 IV Primary Collector – 2 1 Jl. Akses Siak IV (Pku) Province 4 2 Jl. Arifin Ahmad Province 4 3 Jl. H.R. Subrantas Province 4 4 Jl. Province 2 5 Jl. Riau Province 2 6 Jl. Riau Ujung Province 2 7 Jl. SM. Amin (Pku) Province 4 8 Jl. Sp. Sudirman (Harapan Raya)-Sp. Kayu Ara Province 2 9 Jl. Tuanku Tambusai Province 4 10 Jl. Province 4 11 Jl. Riau Ujung-Pantai Cermin (Pku) Province 2 12 Jl. Simpang Pramuka-Batas Kab. Siak Province 2 V Primary Collector – 3 1 Jl. Badak-Sp.Kawasan Industri Tenayan Province 2 2 Jl. Naga Sakti Province 4 VI Secondary Arterial Pekanbaru City 1 Jl. Ahmad Yani 4 2 Jl. 2 3 Jl. Adi Sucipto 2 4 Jl. Yos Sudarso-Akses Siak IV 2 5 Jl. Lingkar 70 4 VII Secondary Collector (241 segments) Pekanbaru City 2 VIII Secondary Local Pekanbaru City 2 Source: RTRW Pekanbaru 2019-2039

Source: RTRW Pekanbaru 2019-2039 Figure II-7: Road network in Pekanbaru City

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Number of vehicles Table II-6 shows number of vehicles from 2017 to 2019 in Pekanbaru. However, the vehicle data prior to 2017 was not available to compare. From 2017 to 2019, the growth of the vehicles per year is around 7.0%. This number is higher than 4.2% of population growth in Pekanbaru. Table II-4: Composition of vehicle types in Pekanbaru

Year Passenger car Bus Truck Motorcycles Total 2019 150,035 2,201 59,139 559,461 770,836 2018 139,621 2,018 56,146 522,952 720,737 2017 127,223 1,876 52,107 486,141 667,347 Growth per year (%) 7,9 7,7 6,1 6,8 7,0 Source: Regional Office of Tax and Regional Retribution of Riau Province, 2019

II.4 Public Transportation The primary means of public transportation in Pekanbaru is BRT called TMP (Trans Metro Pekanbaru). There are also minibus, called oplet (angkot). They are privately operated and relatively cheap, serving multiple routes throughout the city. These two public transportation (TMP and angkot) are considered to be public transportion in this study. However there are some transportation that are used publicly, but are not considered as public transportation. Three wheel motorcycles are also used in some areas. While ojek (motorcycles) is also used as transportation means in remote area of the city. Taxis and online transport such as gojek and grab are also widely available.

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A. Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Trans Metro Pekanbaru (TMP)

Figure II-8: TMP Corridor

Main Corridor of TMP: • Koridor 1 : PANDAU – PELITA PANTAI Perum. Pandau Permai - Jl. Pasir Putih - Jl. Kaharuddin NST - Jl. Jend. Sudirman - Pelita Pantai. PP • Koridor 1A : AWAL BROS SUDIRMAN – BANDARA SSQ Jl. Sudirman – Bandara SSQ - PP • Koridor 2 : KULIM – TERM. BRPS Terminal BRPS – Jl. T.Tambusai - Jl Jend.Sudirman – Jl.H.Imam Munandar – PP • Koridor 3 : PANAM - UIN - AKSES SUDIRMAN RS. AWAL BROS Kampus UIN - HR. Soebrantas – Jl.Soekarno Hatta – JL.Arifin Ahmad- Jl.Jend Sudirman PP • Koridor 4A : PASAR TANGOR – RAMAYANA Ramayana – Jl.Jend Sudirman – Jl. Hang tuah – Pasar Tangor – PP • Koridor 4B : RAMAYANA - TERM. BRPS Jl.Jend Sudirman – Jl.Ratulangi – Jl.A.Yani. Jl.Riau – Jl.Soekarno Hatta – Jl.T.Tambusai – Term BRPS – PP • Koridor 4C : KANTOR WALIKOTA – KOMPLEK PERKANTORAN TENAYAN Jl. Jend. Sudirman – Jl. Gajah Mada – Jl. – Jl. Hang Tuah – Jl. Badak – PP • Koridor 5 : PELABUHAN SUNGAI DUKU –

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Pelabuhan Sei. Duku – Jl.Dr. – Jl. WR.Supratman. – Jl – Patimura – Jl. Diponegoro – Memutar mesjid Agung – Jl.Diponegoro – Jl.Patimura – Jl. WR.Supratman. – Jl.DR. – Pel.Sei.Duku • Koridor 6 : PANDAU –TERM. BRPS BRPS – Jl.T.Tambusai – Jl. SM.Amin -JL.HR.Soebrantas – Jl. Soekarno Hatta – Jl. Kaharudin Nasution – Jl.Pasir Puti – Perum Pandau – PP • Koridor 7A : TRI BAKTI – PUJASERA ARIFIN AHMAD Tri Bhakti – Jl. T. Tambusai – Jl. Sudirman - Jl. Paus – Jl. Arifin Achmad – PP • Koridor 7B : PUJASERA – PUSKESMAS SIMP. TIGA Jl. Arifin Ahmad – Jl. Rambutan – Jl. Kartama – Jl. KH. Nasution – Puskesmas Smpng. Tiga - PP • Koridor 8A : KANTOR WALIKOTA – UNILAK JL. A.Yani. – Jl. Riau – Jl. Siak II – Jl. Sakinah – Jl. PCR – Unilak • Koridor 8B : UNILAK - PALAS RAYA Jl. Yos Sudarso – Jl. Sri Meranti – Jl. Padat Karya – Jl. Siak II – Jl. Sakinah – Jl. PCR – Stadion Rumbai

Figure II-9: Coverage of TMP TMP has 260 bus stops in around 104 km length of corridors. It means that the distance between each bus stop is around 0.8 km, since the stop is at both side of the corridor. Assuming the distance of 500 m from the TMP stops covers the public transportation, the TMP can serve public to get TMP service along the corridors as observed in Figure II-9.

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NUMBER OF PASSENGER IN 2019 400,000 350,000 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 -

STUDENT NON STUDENT

Source: Pekanbaru Transportation Board, 2020 Figure II-10: Number of Passenger in 2019

Table II-5: BRT Revenue in 2019

PASSENGER NO MONTH TOTAL REVENUE TOTAL PASSENGER STUDENT (FARE RP 3,000) NON STUDENT (FARE RP 4,000) 1 JANUARY 54.789 Rp 164.367.000 215.464 Rp 861.856.000 Rp 1.026.223.000 270.253 2 FEBRUARY 52.265 Rp 156.795.000 226.251 Rp 905.004.000 Rp 1.061.799.000 278.516 3 MARCH 55.553 Rp 166.659.000 270.519 Rp 1.082.076.000 Rp 1.248.735.000 326.072 4 APRIL 46.042 Rp 138.126.000 271.211 Rp 1.084.844.000 Rp 1.222.970.000 317.253 5 MAY 43.936 Rp 131.808.000 253.674 Rp 1.014.696.000 Rp 1.146.504.000 297.610 6 JUNE 21.189 Rp 63.567.000 219.361 Rp 877.444.000 Rp 941.011.000 240.550 7 JULY 44.154 Rp 132.462.000 264.187 Rp 1.056.748.000 Rp 1.189.210.000 308.341 8 AUGUST 51.735 Rp 155.205.000 256.669 Rp 1.026.676.000 Rp 1.181.881.000 308.404 9 SEPTEMBER 36.557 Rp 109.671.000 262.305 Rp 1.049.220.000 Rp 1.158.891.000 298.862 10 OCTOBER 57.813 Rp 173.439.000 280.135 Rp 1.120.540.000 Rp 1.293.979.000 337.948 11 NOVEMBER 52.534 Rp 157.602.000 275.285 Rp 1.101.140.000 Rp 1.258.742.000 327.819 12 DECEMBER 43.936 Rp 131.808.000 253.674 Rp 1.014.696.000 Rp 1.146.504.000 297.610

TOTAL 560.503 Rp 1.681.509.000 3.048.735 Rp 12.194.940.000 Rp 13.876.449.000 3.609.238

Source: Pekanbaru Transportation Board, 2020

The total number of passenger in 2019 was 3,609,238. So, the daily passenger was 9,888. Around 15.5% of the passengers are students.

The fare for a student passenger is Rp 3,000 while the fare for a non student passenger (general passenger) is Rp 4,000.

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The earning from tickets is around Rp 14 billion each year, while the operation cost is about Rp 21 billion each year. So the the government provides around 33% subsidies for the operation of TMP.

Future Development of Pekanbaru BRT TMP The Government of Pekanbaru plans to improve the BRT TMP service to provide accessibility to more population. A feasibility study for Pekanbaru BRT was conducted by NAMA Facility that was supported by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety and UK Department of Business, Energy, and Industrial Strategy. The feasibility study includes: • Further development of concept design including pedestrian access, BRT routes, integration with angkot services, road safety. • More detailed demand modelling to clarify fare affordability, shifts from private transport to enhance the design, financial and economic analyses • Agreement and development of institutional arrangements for governance, planning, construction and operating the BRT • Opportunities for Transit Oriented Development • Environmental and social impacts to be investigated in more detail • Project risks will be defined together with mitigating actions • Coordination with agencies so that BRT can be incorporated into the ongoing road widening in the city • Stakeholder engagement is crucial for the success of the project and will be built into the project throughout its duration.

The construction cost and operating cost of the future BRT are shown in Table II-6 and Table II-7.

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Table II-6: The construction Cost (Preliminary Estimate)

Description Unit Amount % Construction cost IDR mil 619,285 48% Depot IDR mil 36,243 3% Design, supervision, etc IDR mil 87,778 7% Social Compensation IDR mil 20,144 2% Bus IDR mil 134,229 11% Sub-total IDR mil 897,679 81% Total incl. VAT, others, and IDR mil 1,107,915 70% contingency Additional and replacement bus IDR mil 1,000,674 Source: NAMA Facility, Feasibility Study for Pekanbaru BRT

Table II-7: Operating Costs (Preliminary Estimates)

Description Unit Amount % Personnel cost IDR mil 12,706 10% Insurance IDR mil 4,542 4% General admin IDR mil 2,905 2% Fuel, tyres, lubricants IDR mil 44,771 36% Annual maintenance (bus) IDR mil 15,139 12% Ticketing and fares IDR mil 5,046 4% Annual maintenance (construction) IDR mil 37,602 31% Total IDR mil 122,710 100% Source: NAMA Facility, Feasibility Study for Pekanbaru BRT

The future development plan for facilities of BRT in Pekanbaru are shown in Figure II- 11, II-12, and II-13.

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Source: NAMA Facility, Feasibility Study for Pekanbaru BRT

Figure II-11: Future Development of BRT Corridors and Stations

Source: Pekanbarubrt.net Figure II-12: Future plans of Pekanbaru Bus Rapid Transit (BRT)

Source: Pekanbarubrt.net Figure II-13: Future Facilities of Pekanbaru Bus Rapid Transit (BRT)

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B. Oplet (Angkot) There are 139 oplets in 15 routes. Actually, the oplets number is continuously decreasing due to existence of many online tranportation modes such Gojek, Grab, Maxim, and many local online app absed operators. Recently, the oplet companies are not generating much profit because high operational cost and less revenue generation. The number of oplets for each company can be seen in Table II-8. Table II-8: Oplet services in Pekanbaru

Line No Company Total 102 104 201 202 203 204 205 207 210 211 212 301 302 401 501

1 KOPRIMA 7 13 2 1 8 1 3 1 3 6 8 1 4 14 72

2 PT. RIAU CITRA SEMESTA 2 10 1 1 4 6 6 1 1 3 35

3 PT. RATU TIGA SAUDARA 2 1 3

4 PT. SURYA TRANS 5 1 2 1 1 6 2 1 3 7 29

Total 9 28 2 3 1 14 2 4 1 3 20 16 3 9 24 139 Source: Pekanbaru Transportation Board, 2020 102 : Pasar Rumbai - Umban sari 104 : Pasar Rumbai - Term. Senapelan 201 : Term. Senapelan - Tampan 202 : Term. Senapelan - Palas 203 : Term. Senapelan - Rintis 204 : Term. Senapelan - Tj. Rhu 205 : Term. Senapelan - Sukajadi : Term. Senapelan - Labuh Baru 207 Via Rajawali 210 : Term. Senapelan - Gobah 211 : Term. Senapelan - Pintu Angin 212 : Term. Senapelan - Tangkerang 301 : Term. Nangka - Simpang Panam : Term. Nangka - Perumnas 302 Sidomulyo : Term. Dupa Kencana - Kulim 401 Atas 501 : Kulim

C. Taxis (not considered as public transportation) Although taxis are not considered as public transportation in this study, for comparison, the number of different typea of taxis in Pekanbaru is shown in Table II-9.

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Table II-9: Number of Taxis in Pekanbaru

Permit Non- NO Company Owner Active Active

1 P U S K O P A U Jajang Setiawan 252 26 226 2 K O P S I Taksi Abdul Rahim 159 44 115 3 Riau Indah Transport Masrul 200 0 200 4 Blue Bird S. Suprayogi 300 120 180

TOTAL 911 190 721 Source: Pekanbaru Transportation Board, 2020

II.5 Master Plan of Transportation Pekanbaru Government of Pekanbaru has made a Master Plan of Transportation in Pekanbaru including Outer Ring Road and Toll Road connection that link many centers and Transit Oriented Development (TOD) in Pekanbaru. The plan is shown in Figure II-14, II-15 and II-16.

Source: Bappeda Pekanbaru, 2019 Figure II-14: Master Plan of Outer Ring Road in Pekanbaru

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Source: Bappeda Pekanbaru, 2019 Figure II-15: Planning of Toll Road Connection Pekanbaru-Dumai, Pekanbaru- Padang, and Rengat-Pekanbaru

Source: Bappeda Pekanbaru, 2019 Figure II-16: Transit Oriented Development, connected by Outer Ring Road

II.6 Bike Lane There are special lanes for bike riders in Jl. Sudirman, Jl. Gajah Mada, Jl. Pattimura, and Jl. Diponegoro. However, the lanes are still limited and not very convinient for the riders.

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II.7 Planning for parking area A parking study was condiucted and parking policy was developed. The stsudy was funded by ADB, 2019: Situation in Pekanbaru: • Increasing car ownership • Illegal parking is hardly managed • Parking regulation driven by budget • Revenues are ‘diverted’ • Management system not transparent Parking demand • By user group (residents, visitors, commuters) In sub-areas: 2,250 parking places, 400 off-street and along arteries: 1,500. Figures II-17, II-18, II-19, and II-20 provide information on parking location, time and duration.

Figure II-17: Parking at CBD of Pekanbaru

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Figure II-18: Parking time of early and late visitors at CBD

Figure II-19: Parking time at Jl. Sudirman and Jl. Ahmad Yani

Figure II-20: Duration of parking in Pekanbaru Mall

On Wednesday: 70-90% occupied Conclusions of the study: • Unclear/chaotic parking situation, no enforcement of illegal parking • Overall enough parking space • In certain areas commuters take up space that could be used by visitors 23

• The fee hardly regulates • Willingness to pay for comfortable parking Objectives of the policy in parking • To contribute to the quality of CBD • Protect the residential function • Support visitor parking • Use parking space as efficiently as possible • Just enough: not too much, not too few spaces

13 Parking Policies: Some of the parking policies suggeted are: 1. Reduce parking space to benefit pedestrians 30% of spaces to be removed This is possible: • Occupation relatively low • Remove long term parking • Off-street cap. available Develop alternatives: • Bus system • NMT (non motorized transportation) 2. The Price (now IDR 2,000): very cheap Figure II- 21 shows comparision of parking price.

Figure II-21: Comparison of parking price of Pekanbaru and around the world

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Increase and differentiate • IDR 10,000 for the most preferred – CBD Area • IDR 5,000 for rest ‘survey area’ Figure II-22 shows proposed parking clusters.

Figure II-22: Proposed parking clusters

3. Extend regulated hours: 8 AM – 8 PM, 7/7 days 4. Permit for residents 5. Tailormade solutions for other groups: • Handicapped • Electric vehicles • Hotel guests 6. Make Policy transparent; Inform! 7. Improved payment system • Mobile phone payment on the way 8. Optimise enforcement: • Identify Non-payment & illegal parking • Issue notice of violation → 2 weeks payment term • Start collection procedure: 1. Tow and impound 2. Clamp when parked legally 3. Connect outstanding fines with local taxes 4. Check for outstanding fines when selling the car 25

9. Implement ‘physical enforcement’ Monitor the parking system: Occupation, Non-payment, Sales 10. Develop the Organisation

Figure II:23: Organization of Parking Services 11. Set & enforce parking standards and differentiate for quality of public transport 12. Be prepared to extend the regulation – parking pressure may spread

Financial Consequences • Existing net benefit IDR 9.2 billion ($ 660,000) • Calculations made for on-street parking reflecting policy changes: Fees Resident’s Permit system Fix regulated hours to 84 hours/week Reduced number of parking places. Table II-10 shows financial analyis of proposed parking system. Table II-10: Financial Consequences of New Parking System

Cost Billion IDR Revenues Billion IDR

Direct Personnel Cost 3.0 Short term parking 37.9 Other operating Cost 9.1 Residents´ Permits 0.2

Fines 3.9 Total cost per year 12.1 Total revenues per year 42.0 Net Result per Year IDR 29.9 billion (USD 2.1 million)

• 3 times per day, even considering: 26

• Less parking places • Only accounted for centre parking • Motorcycles not charged • All organisation costs included

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CHAPTER III: SUTI DATA COLLECTION

• The data for SUTI is collected from many sources such as Pekanbaru Transportation Board, Pekanbaru in Figures (Statistical Office), journal papers, government institutional reports, panel, experts, newspaper and online media. • Some meeting with city officials are used to confirm the ata. • Some of the data are only availabe for 3 consecutive years. • Some of them does not have trend, as the case of air quality for each year, because Riau Province is very vulnerable to forest and land fire. In this case, to get the air quality, only normal year (when moderate climate condition) is taken for the data. • There was no special survey was made for this study since it is hard to do the survey during COVID-19 pandemic. However, the data from prior study from many sources can be obtained.

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CHAPTER IV: SUTI DATA AND ANALYSIS a. Indicator 1 Table IV-1: Assessment of indicator 1

Aspects Explanation Score The goals are qualitative, with 4 major corridors (Sudirman, I) walking networks Diponegoro, Arifin Ahmad, and Ahmad Yani). There is also 2 some budget provided. The goals are qualitative, with corridors in Diponegoro and II) cycling networks around Car Free Day area. There is some budget provided 2 to maintain the networks The goals are quantitative, the intermodal facilities include III) intermodal transfer facilities the riverport Sungai Duku and airport Sultan Syarif Kasim 3 II, and the BRT Pekanbaru. The budget is increasing The goals are ambitious to have good public transport. The designation covers more than half of the city. The IV) public transport 4 major new funding is planned for the future. There is a feasibility study going on to further develop BRT. Total Score= 11/16 b. Indicator 2 Table IV-2: Average number of trips per person by main mode of transport PURPOSE COMMUTING (WORK AND EDUCATION)) MODE # subtotals a. Scheduled bus and minibus (*) 0.908 b. Train, metro, tram 0.000 c. Ferry 0.000 d. Public transport (a+b+c) 0.91 e. Walking 33.8364 f. Bicycle 0.3001 g. Active transport (f+g) 34.14 h. Passenger car 22.5142 i. 3W - Private 0.0000

j. Shared Auto (Informal PT) 0.000 k. Motorcycle 41.9762 l. Institutional Buses and Auto Rickshaws 0.4653 0.0000 m. Other motorized (trucks,etc) n. Individual motorized (**) (i+j+k+l+m) 64.96 o. Total 100.00 35.04 p. Public and active q. Modal share of active and public transport 35.0

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Table IV-3: Trips for Work and Education Number Passenger Passenger Modes of in each in each Modal vehicles vehicle mode share 2Wh (motorcycles) 279731 1 279731 40.5 3Wh-Pvt (private) 0 0

3Wh-Shared Auto 0 0 4Wh (passenger car) 75018 2 150035 21.7 BRTS 115 40 4600 0.7 Bus 3 20 60 0.0

Company Bus 20 20 400 0.1 Cycle (bicycle) 2000 1 2000 0.3 Oplet (minibus) 139 10 1390 0.2 Other 0 0

Private Bus 20 20 400 0.1 Rail 0 0 School Van 263 8 2101 0.3 School/ College Bus 10 20 200 0.0

Walk 250200 1 250200 36.2 School Rickshaw (becak dayung) 0 0

Grand Total 100 691.116,30 100.0 • The share of motorcycle is assumed by the half number of motorcycle (559,461 x 0.5 = 279731) and passenger in a motorcycle is assumed 1 passenger. • The share of passenger car is assumed by the half number of passenger car (150,035 x 0.5 = 75018) and the number of passenger in a passenger car is assumed 2 passengers. • The share of BRT is obtained by 115 BRT bus, and each bus is assumed to have 40 passengers. • The share of bus (other than BRT) is obtained by 3 bus, and each bus is assumed to have only 20 passengers. • The share of Company bus is obtained by 20 company bus, and each bus is assumed to have 20 passengers. • The share of bicycle is obtained by 2,000 bikes, and each bike is assumed to have only 1 passenger.

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• The share of oplet (angkot) is obtained by 139 angkot, and each angkot is assumed to have 10 passengers. • The share of private bus is obtained by 20 private bus, and each bus is assumed to have 20 passengers. • The share of school van is obtained by 20% of the number of school (1,313) = 263 van, and each van is assumed to have 8 passengers. • The share of school/college bus is obtained by 10 college bus, and each bus is assumed to have 20 passengers. • The share of people walk is obtained by assuming 50% of age group 15-24 years (107,832+124,068=231,900) and 20% of age group 25-59 years (107,463+96,785+91,157+84,551+71,636+54,787+41,305 = 547,684) c. Indicator 3

Figure IV-1: Influence areas of BRT routes The total length of BRT routes in Pekanbaru measured is 104 km. The number of bus stops (halt) is 260. The bus stops are at both sides of the roads. It means that in average, every 0,8 km (104/(260*0.5)) there will be one stop. If a halt covers area with radius 500 m, then the coverage area of the BRT routes is around 104 km x 1 km = 104 km2. 31

The average population density along the BRT route is around 5,500 inhabitants/km2. Therefore, the coverage area of BRT is 104 km2 x 5,500 inh/km2 = 572,000 inhabitants, which is 50,03% of the population of Pekanbaru (1,143, 359 inhabitants).

Another way to find the coverage is by comparing BRT coverage area to built area of Pekanbaru. Built area of Pekanbaru is about 30%x632 km2 = 190 km2. Therefore the percentage of coverage area is 104 km2 / 190 km2 = 54,7%, which is close to the above result. d. Indicator 4 The values for indicator 4 are obtained from many studies that have been performed to know service level of TMP. The results of the studies are used to assertian qaulity and reliability of public trrnsport. The resulst are summarized in Table IV-4. The survey results in local languages are included in Annex-I.

Table IV- 4: Results of satisfation survey

Dimension % SATISFIED Frequency of the service 74.50 Punctuality (delay)* 75.60 Comfort and cleanliness of vehicles 75.80 Safety of vehicles 80.00 Convenience of stops/stations 72.20 Availability of information 71.60 Personnel courtesy 75.80 Fare level 79.50 Aggregate Responses 75.63

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Table IV-5: Satisfaction survey detail Rating Dimension 5 4 3 2 1 Score Frequency of the service 0.745 Punctuality (delay)* 9 63 25 3 0 0.756 Comfort and cleanliness of vehicles 10 64 22 3 1 0.758 Safety of vehicles 20 61 18 1 0 0.8 Convenience of stops/stations 21 30 40 7 2 0.722 Availability of information 0.716 Personnel courtesy 16 51 29 4 0 0.758 Fare level 0.795 e. Indicator 5 Table IV-6 shows number of 41 fatalities in transportation in Pekanbaru in 2019 according to Pekanbaru Police Office. The data souce material can be seen in Annex II (News from KORANMX.COM).

Table IV-6: Road fatalities/population

Fatalities Number

Road transport 41 Railway transport 0 Tram 0 Ferryboats 0 Other 0 Total 41 Inhabitants 1143359 Fatalities/100,000 inh. 3.6

33 f. Indicator 6 The following tables shows revenue generation and derivation of indicator 6 tarnsport cost as part of income.

Table IV-7: Revenue from BRT PASSENGER NO MONTH TOTAL REVENUE TOTAL PASSENGER STUDENT (FARE RP 3,000) NON STUDENT (FARE RP 4,000) 1 JANUARY 54.789 Rp 164.367.000 215.464 Rp 861.856.000 Rp 1.026.223.000 270.253 2 FEBRUARY 52.265 Rp 156.795.000 226.251 Rp 905.004.000 Rp 1.061.799.000 278.516 3 MARCH 55.553 Rp 166.659.000 270.519 Rp 1.082.076.000 Rp 1.248.735.000 326.072 4 APRIL 46.042 Rp 138.126.000 271.211 Rp 1.084.844.000 Rp 1.222.970.000 317.253 5 MAY 43.936 Rp 131.808.000 253.674 Rp 1.014.696.000 Rp 1.146.504.000 297.610 6 JUNE 21.189 Rp 63.567.000 219.361 Rp 877.444.000 Rp 941.011.000 240.550 7 JULY 44.154 Rp 132.462.000 264.187 Rp 1.056.748.000 Rp 1.189.210.000 308.341 8 AUGUST 51.735 Rp 155.205.000 256.669 Rp 1.026.676.000 Rp 1.181.881.000 308.404 9 SEPTEMBER 36.557 Rp 109.671.000 262.305 Rp 1.049.220.000 Rp 1.158.891.000 298.862 10 OCTOBER 57.813 Rp 173.439.000 280.135 Rp 1.120.540.000 Rp 1.293.979.000 337.948 11 NOVEMBER 52.534 Rp 157.602.000 275.285 Rp 1.101.140.000 Rp 1.258.742.000 327.819 12 DECEMBER 43.936 Rp 131.808.000 253.674 Rp 1.014.696.000 Rp 1.146.504.000 297.610

TOTAL 560.503 Rp 1.681.509.000 3.048.735 Rp 12.194.940.000 Rp 13.876.449.000 3.609.238

Table IV-8: Travel Costs as part of Income Monthly Market Single Monthly cost Weighted Ridership shares ticket (60 tickets) monthly Services price cost Oplet (Angkot) 208500 41.2 4000 240000 98872 BRT 297610 58.8 4000 240000 141128 Total 506110 100 0 240000 Mean household income, 2019 3,000,000 Travel cost/Income 8.0

The total number of angkot is 139. The total passengers of angkot in December 2019 is 139x5 trips x 10 passengers x 30 days = 208,500. The fare of angkot is Rp 4,000 in average. The mean household income in Pekanbaru is around Rp 3,000,000. g. Indicator 7 The operational cost of BRT in a year is around Rp 21 billion. Therefore the monthly operational cost is Rp 1.75 billion.

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The monthly operational cost of angkot is the same as its revenue Rp 834,000,000. Because there is no profit in operating angkot, since they are almost broke.

Table IV-9: calculation of fare-box ratio Fare box Daily share Services Fare Revenue Expenses ratio Passenger (%) Angkot 834,000,000 834,000,000 100% 6950 41 BRT 1,190,440,000 1,750,000,000 68% 10026 59 Total 2,024,440,000 2,584,000,000 81.12 16976 100 h. Indicator 8 The following tables shows budget allocation for transportt and share of invetsment in public tarnsport. Table IV-10: Investment in public transport INVESTMENTS BY THE CITY (US $) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 average PUBLIC TRANSPORT 3,534,000 FACILITIES 1,933,333 1,933,333 6,993,333 3,936,667 2,873,333 TOTAL TRANSPORT 8,006,200 7,003,933 30,200,667 16,320,667 8,258,667 13,958,027 SHARE 25.3 Conversion rate: 1$ = RP 15000

Table IV-11: Budget allocation for transport

Provincial Budget (IDR Billion)2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 New construction 19,09 31,00 322,52 80,56 12,80 Improvement 32,00 5,06 10,00 - 31,28 Maintenance - 40,00 15,00 - - Total 51,09 76,06 347,51 80,56 44,08

Pekanbaru Budget (IDR Billion)2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 New construction 40 104 20 Improvement 4,7 Maintenance 0,6 1,2 12 Total 40,00 - 0,60 105,20 36,70

Pekanbaru Public Transportation2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Public Transportation 29 29 29,9 42,8 29,2

National Budget Public Transportation2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Public Transportation 75 16,25 13,9

TOTAL 120,09 105,06 453,01 244,81 123,88

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National Budget for Public Transportation 2017 Rp 1,5 billion x 50 = Rp 75 billion 2018 Rp 650 million x 25 = Rp 16,25 billion 2019 Rp 650 million x 6 = Rp 3,9 billion 2019 Traffic Control System Rp 5 billion 2019 Pedestrian/walk way Rp 5 billion i. Indicator 9 Table IV-12: PM10 measurment

PM10 days days value Location (micgr/m3) in a year percentage good 25 278 83.73 fair 100 52 15.66 unhealthy 250 2 0.60 very unhealthy 385 0 0.00 dangerous 420 0 0.00 no data 0 0 0.00 Total days counted 332 100 VALUE TO ENTER IN SUB- average in a year 38.10 SHEET B j. Indicator 10 The emission due to transportation in Pekanbaru is measured by the volume of gasoline and biosolar in the city. The use of Gasoline in 2020 is 142.130 kilo liter; and Biosolar 130.933 kilo liter.

Table IV-13: GHG emissions from transport

CO2- Liters sold factor Emissions Population Emission/capita kg/l tons/year GASOLINE/PETROL 142,130,000.00 2.272 322,848.30 DIESEL 130,933,000.00 2.676 350,376.71 TOTAL 673,225.00 1,143,359.00 0.59 YEARS THAT THE INDICATOR CONCERNS 2019

Source: https://pertamina.com/id/kuota-premium-per-kota-kabupaten-tahun-2020

36 k. Additional Data Energy Use: Program B20 is is a mandatory program by Indonesian government to promote use of sustainable/renewable fuels. B20 is the use of 20% part of solar fuel using biofuel, mainly from CPO (crude palm oil). The program has been implemented in 2018 and 2019. Program B30 is mandatory in 2020. BRT TMP buses use B20 solar fuel (partly biofuel). To control emission of the vehicle, there is yearly emission test for each public transport. It is to ensure that the emission is not larger than the maximum emission permitted.

Gender and Inclusiveness There is special seat in BRT bus for differenly-abled and aging society. And also sticker on the bus wall to remind passengers to give priority seats for women, aged and differently abled users. Ramp facilities for wheel chair and dotted line for the blind.

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CHAPTER V: DATA ANALYSIS a. Spider Diagram (interpretation of results, observation, etc.)

1. Extent to which transport plans cover public transport, intermodal facilities and infrastructure for active… 100.00 2. Modal share of active and 10. Greenhouse gas 90.00 public transport in emissions from transport 80.00 70.00 commuting 60.00 50.00 40.00 3. Convenient access to 9. Air quality (pm10) 30.00 public transport service 20.00 10.00 0.00

8. Investment in public 4. Public transport quality transportation systems and reliability

7. Operational costs of the 5. Traffic fatalities per public transport system 100.000 inhabitants

6. Affordability – travel costs as part of income

Figure V-1: SUTI Spider diagram

The spider diagram shows that some index that are low: 1. Modal share of active and public transport in commuting 2. Convenient access to public transport service 3. Investment in public transportation systems

38 b. SUTI final table Table V-1: SUTI Derivation for Pekanbaru

S. No. Indicators Value Normalized Extent to which transport plans cover public transport, 1 11.00 68.75 intermodal facilities and infrastructure for active modes Modal share of active and public transport in 2 35.0 31.31 commuting 3 Convenient access to public transport service 50.03 37.54 4 Public transport quality and reliability 75.63 70.19 5 Traffic fatalities per 100.000 inhabitants 3.59 64.14 6 Affordability – travel costs as part of income 8.00 85.71 7 Operational costs of the public transport system 81.12 75.79

8 Investment in public transportation systems 25.32 50.64 9 Air quality (pm10) 38.10 79.93 10 Greenhouse gas emissions from transport 0.59 78.59 SUTI- Geometric mean 61.32

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CHAPTER VI: IMPACTS OF COVID-19 ON URBAN MOBILITY Lockdown in Pekanbaru There was no complete lockdown in Pekanbaru during Covid-19 pandemic. However, there was so called PSBB (Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar), that was a big scale social limitation. During PSBB, the schools were closed. The government office were still open, but most of the officials worked from home. The markets were very limited access. Public transportation (TMP) was still running, but only 40% of the total buses were running. Some of the facts about PSBB in Pekanbaru are as follows: • The duration of PSBB was 42 days, from 17 April 2020 to 28 May 2020 • The full city was under PSBB. • Restriction: 1. Factories, whole sale markets, retail markets, and offices were still open but with limited workers. 2. Malls and schools were closed. 3. Cultural/social/religious gathering were banned. • Exemptions of essential services: 1. Medical services, surgeries, public utilities, policing, milk, grocery, vegetables, traditional markets • Restriction in mobility: 1. Social distancing 2. Bus, people, personalized vehicles, taxis, uber, public transport, and walking were allowed. • Information dissemination methods to promote control of infection spreading: 1. National media, stay home campaign 2. No military use, no local police use, except during night time. • Post lockdown (PSBB) to enforce social distancing: 1. Information campaign, face mask compulsory, disinfection of busis, depots • Quantification of public transport

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Table VI-1: Quantity of bus before and during Covid-19 No Description Before During Post Covid-19 Covid-19 Covid-19 1 Total number of buses 75 75 75 2 Average daily buses on 75 30 30 road 3 average daily passengers 9,951 1,664 4,600 on board 4 Average revenue per day Rp 39,804,000 Rp 6,656,000 Rp 18,400,000 5 Average expenditure per Rp 57,534,246 Rp 25,000,000 Rp 25,000,000 day

• Post PSBB, due to disinfection activities there is additiona cost to the operator • Post lockdown, there is a limit on the capacity of bus, 50% lower. • Post lockdown, there is no extended additional support to public transport agencies • During lockdown: 1. Online working high popularity 2. Online teaching very high popularity 3. Online meeting very high popularity 4. Online shopping moderate popularity 5. Online services (banks) moderate popularity 6. Walk/bicycle to work very low popularity • Post lockdown: 1. Online working moderate popularity 2. Online teaching high popularity 3. Online meeting high popularity 4. Online shopping low popularity 5. Online services (banks) low popularity 6. Walk/bicycle to work very low popularity • Short term initiatives: • Medium term initiatiatives • Long Term Initiatives

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VI.1 Public transport situation before COVID-19 and current situation Limited Number of Bus and Corridors During Covid19 pandemic, started April until September (current situation), the number of TMP buses that operate were reduced from 75 to 30, as can be seen in Table VI-2. The operation of TMP is reduced from 13 corridors before covid19 to be only 8 corridors currently. Table VI-2: Comparison of bus number before COVID-19 and current situation

Before Current Bus NO CORRIDOR Covid19 Situation Size 1 01 (PANDAU - RAMAYANA) 13 8 big 2 1A (BANDARA - AWAL BROSS) 2 0 big 3 02 (TERMINAL BRPS - KULIM) 10 5 big 4 03 (SUDIRMAN - UIN) 11 5 big 5 4A (PASAR TANGOR - RAMAYANA) 8 3 big 6 4B (RAMAYANA - TERMINAL BRPS) 7 2 small 7 4C (WALIKOTA - KOMP. PERKANTORAN TENAYAN) 3 1 small 8 05 (PELABUHAN SUNGAI DUKU - SUDIRMAN) 2 0 small 9 06 (PANDAU - TERMINAL BRPS) 6 3 big 10 7A (TRI BAKTI - PUJASERA ARIFIN AHMAD) 2 0 small 7B (PUJASERA ARIFIN AHMAD - PUSKESMAS SIMPANG 11 2 0 TIGA) small 12 8A (WALIKOTA - UNILAK) 8 3 small 13 8B (UNILAK - PALAS RAYA) 1 0 small Total 75 30 Source: Pekanbaru Transportation Board, August 2020

Service Time restriction There is also change in time of operation from normal condition: 05.00 am to 09.00 pm, to become in current operation: 06.00 am to 07.00 pm (during pandemic).

Decrease Passengers and Bus Frequencies The number of passengers and bus frequencies also occurred during the pandemic, as can be seen in the following Table and Figures.

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Table VI-3: Number of passengers for each TMP corridor January-August 2020 Month 01 1A 02 03 4A 4B 4C 05 06 7A 7B 8A 8B 09 10 TOTAL January 95718 4435 41751 48801 32048 14306 3018 2371 19330 1378 1647 19162 1318 285283 February 97643 4724 43661 55079 32498 13813 2979 2129 20428 1656 1567 20965 1403 298545 March 77026 4171 32782 46873 23912 11197 2262 1435 16444 1099 1205 17026 926 236358 April 23436 0 6351 10426 4526 2541 398 0 3797 0 0 6047 0 57522 May 22109 0 6268 6998 4185 2195 317 0 2890 0 0 4977 0 49939 June 37447 0 11958 15969 7388 3892 674 0 5812 0 0 8849 0 91989 July 47445 0 18029 22557 10029 5607 628 0 9413 0 0 9919 0 715 799 125141 August 50585 0 20314 25595 11009 5649 692 0 10819 0 0 10917 9 667 1307 138007

TMP Passenger, 2020 300000

250000

200000

150000

100000

50000

0 January February March April May June July August

01 1A 02 03 4A 4B 4C 05 06 7A 7B 8A 8B 09 10

Figure VI-1: Number of passengers for each TMP corridor January-August 2020

The normal situation before Covid19 pandemic was in January and February 2020. In March, the pandemic started. There was lockdown in Pekanbaru during April and May 2020. The lockdown then was released in June until now. In Table VI-2 and Figure VI-2, the TMP passengers in February were 298,545, then decreased in May to be 49,939 (16.7% compare to that in February). However in August, it became 138,007 (46.2% compare to that in February).

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Table VI-4: TMP Bus Frequency January-August 2020 Month 01 1A 02 03 4A 4B 4C 05 06 7A 7B 8A 8B 09 10 TOTAL January 2401,5 824,5 1557 1746,5 1852 1612,5 590,5 722 903 650,5 540,5 1409,5 363,5 15173,5 February 2303,5 750,5 1520 1863,5 1602,5 1430,5 561,5 623,5 947 633,5 507,5 1395 326,5 14465 March 2389,5 745 1501,5 1907,5 1456 1502,5 558 641,5 968,5 640,5 535,5 1439,5 326 14611,5 April 1147,5 0 423,5 970,5 574 391 167,5 6 406,5 0 0 822 0 4908,5 May 862,5 0 582 740 491 355 148 0 357,5 0 0 713,5 0 4249,5 June 1124 0 660 893,5 582,5 420 177 0 481 0 0 829 0 5167 July 1877 0 1019 1512,5 1103,5 880,5 207 0 1122 0 0 1182,5 0 357 349 9610 August 2105,5 0 1107 1653 1225,5 737 210,5 0 1187,5 0 0 1284,5 344,5 555 556 10966

TMP Bus Frequency, 2020 16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 January February March April May June July August

01 1A 02 03 4A 4B 4C 05 06 7A 7B 8A 8B 09 10

Figure VI-2: TMP Bus Frequency January-August 2020

Figure VI-1 and Figure VI-2 show the impact of Covid19 pandemic to public transportation in Pekanbaru. In March, although the bus frequency was relatively constant, the number of passengers started to decrease. In April to August, compare to January to March, the bus frequencies were always relatively higher than the number of passengers. It means that, the impact of the pandemic cause the people not to use public transportation.

Increasing expenditure and Decreasing Revenues The pandemic also causes potential financial implications such as additional expenditure to provide cleanliness, hygiene, and desinfection procedures. The decrease of number of passengers on the other hand also reduces the revenues fro 44 the tickets. Decreasing the number of passengers 83.3% in May 2020 (see Table VI- 2) caused hard impact to the revenues.

Cleanliness, hygiene and disinfection Cleanliness, hygiene and disinfection process of public transportation have been perfomed. The workers are instructed to wipe out with desinfectant the grills, hand bars, and other parts of the bus and halt to minimize the virus spread.

Figure VI-3: Cleanliness, hygiene and dinsifection procedures at TMP

Staggering seating arrangements in covid19, only 50% of the capacity are used.

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Figure VI-4 Seating arrangements and facilities for health protocol

Health Protocol in Public Transportation During Pandemic • Always wear mask • Wash hands before entering halt or use hand sanitizer • Keep physical distance • 50% capacity of the bus • Clean and wipe out grills, hand bars, seats in the buses and halts periodically by workers.

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CHAPTER VII: CONCLUDING REMARKS

RECOMMENDATION TO IMPROVE SUSTAINABILITY OF URBAN MOBILITY

1. SUTI assessment in Pekanbaru shows that some index that are low and need significant efforts to improve: a. Modal share of active and public transport in commuting b. Convenient access to public transport service c. Investment in public transportation systems 2. In order to decarbonize of public transport, BRT TMP buses use B20 solar fuel (20% partly biofuel). To control emission of the vehicle, there is yearly emission test for each public transport. It is to ensure that the emission is not more than the maximum emission permitted. 3. There is special seat in BRT bus for differenly-abled and aging population. And also sticker on the bus wall to remind passengers to give priority seats for women, aged and differently abled users. Ramp facilities for wheel chair and dotted line for the blind are alo provided. 4. Impacts of COVID-19 on urban mobility: a. Service time restriction b. Decrease in passengers volume (only 16.7% of normal condition), bus frequencies (28% of normal condition), bus number (40% of normal condition). c. Higher operation cost due to additional cost for health protocol.

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CHAPTER VIII: REFERENCES AND OFFICIALS MET VIII.1 References Kota Pekanbaru Dalam Angka (Pekanbaru in Figures) 2016 Kota Pekanbaru Dalam Angka (Pekanbaru in Figures) 2017 Kota Pekanbaru Dalam Angka (Pekanbaru in Figures) 2018 Kota Pekanbaru Dalam Angka (Pekanbaru in Figures) 2019 Kota Pekanbaru Dalam Angka (Pekanbaru in Figures) 2020 www.pekanbarubrt.net https://pertamina.com/id/kuota-premium-per-kota-kabupaten-tahun-2020 KoranMX.com 41 Nyawa Melayang Akibat Laka Lantas di Pekanbaru, Sepanjang 2019, 01 January 2020

Provinsi Riau Dalam Angka (Riau in Figures) 2020 https://www.bmkg.go.id/kualitas-udara/informasi-partikulat- pm10.bmkg?Lokasi=PEKANBARU RTRW Kota Pekanbaru 2019-2039 (Pekanbaru Spatial Plan)

VIII.2 Experts and officials met 1. Yuliarso, Head of Pekanbaru Transportation Board (Pekanbaru City Government) 2. Sunarko, Secretary of Pekanbaru Transportation Board (Pekanbaru City Government) 3. Septian, Official at Pekanbaru Transportation Board (Pekanbaru City Government) 4. Marsetyawan, Planner at Riau Planning Research Development Board (Riau Provincial Government) 5. Officials of Pekanbaru Planning Board 6. Harmaini (Riau Transportation Safety Community)

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Annex-I: Survey forms and results for quality and reliability in Indonesian

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Annex II: Road safety data source (Indonesian)

41 Nyawa Melayang Akibat Laka Lantas di Pekanbaru, Sepanjang 2019 Rabu, 01 Januari 2020 - 16:12 WIB

Reporter : Ridho Fernandes Redaktur : Raja Mirza

KORANMX.COM, PEKANBARU--Sepanjang tahun 2019, sebanyak 135 kasus kecelakaan lalu lintas (Laka lantas) terjadi di kota Pekanbaru. Akibatnya, 41 orang korban meninggal dunia, 53 luka berat dan 123 korban lainnya mengalami luka ringan. Dengan kerugian materil mencapai Rp 304,1 juta. Hal itu diungkap Kapolresta Pekanbaru, Kombes Pol Nandang Mukmin Wijaya SIK saat gelar ekspose akhir tahun 2019, Selasa (31/12/2019). "Angka ini menurun dari tahun lalu 2018," ucap Nandang. Di tahun 2018 kata Nandang, jumlah Lakalantas mencapai 195 kasus. Dengan korban meninggal dunia sebanyak 82 orang, luka berat 73 orang dan luka ringan 322 orang. Dengan kerugian materil ditaksir mencapai Rp 565,5 juta. "Tahun ini (2019, red) ada 135 kasus, dengan korban meninggal dunia 41 orang, 53 luka berat dan 123 korban luka ringan. Angka kerugian materi Rp 304,1 juta," sebutnya. Sementara, untuk pelanggaran lalu lintas di tahun 2019 ada sebanyak 21.619 tilang, ditambah dengan sanksi teguran 2.301. Dengan jumlah keseluruhan 23.920. "Perbandingan di tahun 2018, pelanggaran lalu lintas sebanyak 20.386 tilang, untuk teguran ada 2.488. Dengan total keseluruhan 22.874," tutupnya. (*)

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