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Keanekaragaman Tumbuhan Bawah Yang Berpotensi Sebagai Tanaman Obat Di Hutan Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser Sub Seksi Bukit Lawang

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Keanekaragaman Tumbuhan Bawah Yang Berpotensi Sebagai Tanaman Obat Di Hutan Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser Sub Seksi Bukit Lawang KEANEKARAGAMAN TUMBUHAN BAWAH YANG BERPOTENSI SEBAGAI TANAMAN OBAT DI HUTAN TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG LEUSER SUB SEKSI BUKIT LAWANG THESIS OLEH ZAINAB NIRWANI NIM : 077030030 PROGRAM STUDI MAGISTER (S2) BIOLOGI FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2 0 1 0 Universitas Sumatera Utara KEANEKARAGAMAN TUMBUHAN BAWAH YANG BERPOTENSI SEBAGAI TANAMAN OBAT DI HUTAN TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG LEUSER SUB SEKSI BUKIT LAWANG TESIS Diajukan sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Megister Sains Dalam Program Studi Biologi Fakultas Matematika Dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Sumatera Utara OLEH ZAINAB NIRWANI NIM : 077030030 PROGRAM STUDI MAGISTER (S2) BIOLOGI FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2 0 1 0 Universitas Sumatera Utara JUDUL PENELITIAN : KEANEKARAGAMAN TUMBUHAN BAWAH YANG BERPOTENSI SEBAGAI TANAMAN OBAT DI HUTAN TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG LEUSER SUB SEKSI BUKIT LAWANG NAMA MAHASISWA : ZAINAB NIRWANI NIM : 077030030 PROGRAM STUDI : BIOLOGI Menyetujui Komisi Pembimbing Prof.Ir.Zulkifli Nastuion, M.Sc.Ph.D Prof.Dr.Retno Widhiastuti, MS Ketua Anggota Ketua Program Studi Dekan Prof.Dr.Dwi Suryanto, M.Sc Dr. Sutarman, M.Sc Tanggal Lulus: 28 September 2010 Universitas Sumatera Utara Telah diuji pada Tanggal 28 September 2010 PANITIA PENGUJI TESIS Ketua : Prof.Ir.Zulkifli Nastuion, M.Sc.Ph.D Anggota : Prof.Dr.Retno Widhiastuti, MS Dr. Suci Rahayu, M.Si Dr. Budi Utomo, SP, MP Universitas Sumatera Utara PERNYATAAN KEANEKARAGAMAN TUMBUHAN BAWAH YANG BERPOTENSI SEBAGAI TANAMAN OBAT DI HUTAN TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG LEUSER SUB SEKSI BUKIT LAWANG TESIS Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa dalam tesis ini tidak terdapat karya yang pernah diajukan untuk memperoleh gelar kesarjanaan di suatu perguruan tinggi dan sepanjang pengetahuan saya juga tidak terdapat karya atau pendapat yang pernah ditulis atau diterbitkan oleh orang lain, kecuali secara tertulis diacu dalam naskah ini dan disebutkan dalam daftar pustaka Medan, September 2010 Penulis, Zainab Nirwani Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRACT Zainab Nirwani, Ground vegetation Diversity The Potential For Forest Medicinal Plants in National Parks Sub-Section of Bukit Lawang. Supervised by Zulkifli Nasution and Retno Widhiastuti. Communities in the vicinity of Bukit Lawang has decades of use of plants as medicinal plants, use of medicinal plants associated with value-added and increased economy in society, data and information on plants that have the potential as a medicinal plant in Gunung Leuser National Park Sub-Section of Bukit Lawang is still less. This study aimed to ground vegetation diversity and its relation to physical- chemical factors and know the plants used under the communities around Gunung Leuser National Park sub-section of Bukit Lawang. The research uses quantitative and qualitative methods. Data obtained with calculating dominance and diversity indices as well as interviews with common community. Based of study the correlation between diversity with soil temperature and humidity have a correlation in the same direction, while the air temperature, light intensity and soil pH has a correlation in the opposite direction. IVI (Importance Value Index) ground vegetation is about from 0.99% -25.95%. The Highest IVI is Laportea Stimulant, which it’s included in families Urticaceae. The diversity index is about from 3.186 to 3.342, it means that this area has a high diversity. Ground Vegetation which it’s used most by the public is sirih hutan (Piper sp.) with a value of 12,60 and lempuyang (Globba sp) with a value of 12,10. Most of the used medicinal plants have secondary metabolites flavanoid types. Key words: Ground Vegetation Diversity, medicinal plants, metabolite secondary Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRAK Zainab Nirwani, Keanekaragaman Tumbuhan Bawah Yang Berpotensi Sebagai Tanaman Obat di Hutan Taman Nasional Sub Seksi Bukit Lawang. Dibimbing oleh Zulkifli Nasution dan Retno Widhiastuti. Masyarakat di sekitar Bukit Lawang sudah berpuluh tahun memanfaatkan tumbuh- tumbuhan sebagai tanaman obat, Penggunaan tanaman obat terkait dengan nilai tambah dan peningkatan perekonomiaan di masyarakat, data dan informasi mengenai tumbuhan yang berpotensi sebagai tanaman obat di kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser Sub Seksi Bukit Lawang masih kurang.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman tumbuhan bawah dan hubungannya dengan faktor fisik- kimia serta mengetahui tumbuhan bawah yang digunakan masyarakat di sekitar Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser sub seksi Bukit Lawang. Penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Data diperoleh dengan menghitung dominansi dan indeks keanekaragaman serta wawancara dengan masyarakat sekitar.Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan korelasi antara keanekaragaman dengan suhu tanah dan kelembaban memiliki korelasi searah, sedangkan suhu udara, intensitas cahaya dan pH tanah memiliki korelasi yang berlawanan arah. INP tumbuhan bawah berkisar antara 0,99%-25,95%. INP tertinggi adalah Laportea stimulans termasuk famili Urticaceae. Indeks keanekaragaman berkisar antara 3,186-3,342 artinya Kawasan ini memiliki keanekaragaman yang tinggi. Tumbuhan bawah yang digunakan paling banyak oleh masyarakat adalah sirih hutan (Piper sp.) dengan nilai 12,60 diikuti dengan jenis lempuyang (Globba sp) dengan nilai 12,10.. Kebanyakan tanaman obat yang digunakan memiliki kandungan metabolit sekunder jenis flavanoid. Kata kunci: Keanekaragaman tumbuhan bawah, tanaman obat, metabolit sekunder Universitas Sumatera Utara RIWAYAT HIDUP ZAINAB NIRWANI dilahirkan pda tanggal 29 Juni 1971 di kota Pematang Siantar Propinsi Sumatera Utara. Anak dari pasangan Sofyan Ismail (Alm) dengan Asni (Alm) sebagai anak ke empat dari lima bersaudara. Tahun 1984 penulis lulus dari SDN 122398 Pematang Siantar. Pada tahun 1987 lulus dari SMPN 4 Pematang Siantar dan tahun 1990 lulus dari SMAN 2 Pematang Siantar. Pada tahun 1990 meneruskan pendidikan ke Universitas Sumatera Utara jurusan pendidikan biologi Program D3 dan tamat pada tahun 1993. Pada tahun meneruskan pendidikan di Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Terbuka UPBJJ Banda Aceh dan tamat pada tahun Tahun 2007 melanjutkan pendidikan di Program Magister (S2) Biologi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Sumatera Utara dengan bea siswa dari PEMKO Tebing Tinggi.Tahun 2008 Penulis juga mendapat beasiswa pendidikan profesi guru Biologi di Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh dan selesai dalam tahun 2008. Universitas Sumatera Utara KATA PENGANTAR Puji dan Syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT, Tuhan YME. Karena berkat Rahmat dan karunianyalah penulis dapat menyelesaikan laporan hasil penelitian ini dengan judul “Keanekaragaman Tumbuhan Bawah Yang Berpotensi Sebagai Tanaman Obat di Hutan Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser Sub Seksi Bukit Lawang”. Penulis menyampaikan terima kasih kepada Prof. Ir. Zulkifli Nasution, M.Sc sebagai dosen pembimbing I dan Prof. Dr. Retno Widhiastuti, M.S sebagai dosen pembimbing II yang telah banyak memberikan arahan dan bimbingan selama proses penulisan dan penyusunan laporan hasil penelitian ini. Dalam kesempatan ini penulis juga mengucapkan banyak terima kasih kepada: 1. Dr. Budi Utomo, Sp. MP dan Dr. Suci Rahayu, M. Si sebagai penguji yang telah banyak memberikan arahan dan masukan dalam penyempurnaan penyusunan hasil penelitian ini. 2. Seluruh Dosen dan staf pengajar Program Studi Pasca Sarjana Biologi Universitas Sumatera Utara yang telah membekali penulis dengan berbagai disiplin ilmu 3. Pemerintah Kota Tebing Tinggi yang telah memberi izin dan memberi bantuan beasiswa kuliah Pascasarjana saya. 4. Teman-teman dalam tim penelitian, Soimin, Aminata, Maini, Seneng, Kasbi, dan lain-lain yang telah meluangkan waktunya membantu dan mendukung penulis sejak awal survey sampai pada saat penelitian. Universitas Sumatera Utara 5. Suamiku tercinta Syahlul. W. Siregar yang telah memberi motivasi dan dukungan serta kesabaran. Juga anakku tercinta Faisal Surya Akbar. Akhir kata semoga Allah SWT, Tuhan Yang Maha Kuasa selalu memberikan karuniaNya dalam seluruh aktivitas kita dan semoga hasil penelitian ini bermanfaat bagi kita semua. Medan, September 2010 Penulis Universitas Sumatera Utara DAFTAR ISI ABSTRACT ABSTRAK .................................................................................................................... ii DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP ......................................................................................... iii KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................................... iv DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................................. ix DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................................ x DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ..................................................................................................... xi I. PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Latar Belakang .................................................................................. 1 1.2. Perumusan Masalah ................................................................................... 4 1.3. Tujuan Penelitian ....................................................................................... 5 1.4. Manfaat Penelitian ...................................................................................... 5 II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .........................................................................................
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