Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology Vol. I, No. 1 (June 2007)

Review STATUS OF ORCHID RESEARCH IN THE Esperanza Maribel G. Agoo Biology Department, De La Salle University-Manila

Orchidaceae is the largest of the monocotyledonous families in the Philip- pines. There are over 137 genera and about 998 of orchids so far re- corded for the archipelago. This represents about 10% of the total flora of the Philippines. The Philippines ranks second to in occurrence of en- demic species in the Malesian region. The monotypic endemic genera of orchids are Ceratocentron, Megalotus, Phragmorchis, and Schuitemania. Bogoria, Chelonistele, Lepidogyne, Omoea, Orchipedum are Malesian endemics repre- sented in the Philippines by one species each. The largest genera are Bulbophyllum (137 species), Dendrochilum (89 species), Dendrobium (85 species), (54 species), Liparis (38 species), and Malaxis (33 species).

Orchid collecting started in the Philippines as early as the Spanish times by Spanish missionaries like I. Mercado, G. Kamel, J. Blanco, Llanos, Fernandez- Villar, and Naves. Other notable collectors or expeditions were P. Sonnerat, T Haenke and L. Nee (Malaspina Expedition), A. von Chamisso (Romassoff), S. Perrottet (Le Rhone), H. Cuming, A. Loher, F.J.F. Meyen (Princess Louise of Prussia), C. Gaudichaude-Beaupre (La Bonite Expedition), Wilkes Expedition, and the Challenger. This was also the time when horticultural companies brought to Europe for trade (Mendoza, 1959).

Collectors of the the Forestry Bureau in the 19th century, then the Bureau of Government Laboratories, and finally the Bureau of Science amassed a huge collection of specimens for the herbarium. The close collaboration of E. Merrill and O. Ames at Harvard University resulted to several new species for the Philippines. Duplicate specimens of all orchid collections were also sent to Dr. Ames. E. Quisumbing, D.R. Mendoza, M. Ramos, G. Edano, M.D. Sulit, P. Convocar, and M. Celestino were the prolific Filipino collectors for the herbarium of the Bureau of Science. Their foreign counterparts then were E.D. Merrill, A.D. Elmer, E.B. Copeland, H.M. Curran, C. Wenzel, M. Jacobs, C. Frake, H. Conklin, H. Taylor, B.B. Britton, R.B. Fox, M.L. Steiner, K.B. Day, J. & M.S. Clemens, among others.

In 1991-2000, the Flora of the Philippines Project, an initiative to exten- sively document the plants of the Philippines also contributed immensely to the orchid collections of the herbarium. This project was funded by the US National Science Foundation and USAID, through the Bishop Museum, Hawaii and later Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology Vol. I, No. 1 (June 2007) the Botanical Research Institute of Texas. Duplicate specimens were distributed to the University of the Philippines at Los Banos, US National Herbarium, Harvard University Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew, National Herbarium of the Netherlands, Bogor Herbarium, and Singapore Botanic Gardens.

\ Figure 1. Collecting effort of the PNH through the decades

Inspite of these efforts, only about 50% of the genera and 20% of the species known for the Philippines are represented in the PNH (Figure 1).

Figure 2. Comparison of species and genera of orchids known from literature and as represented at the PNH Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology Vol. I, No. 1 (June 2007)

This underscores the need to access the Philippine specimens in foreign her- baria for orchid studies. In the task to revise , a fairly large , loans of specimens from AMES, NY, K, and US were invaluable. Most of the type specimens can be found in AMES where Merrill sent most of the specimens during his time (Figure 3).

Figure 3. Distribution of type specimens of Trichoglottis in different herbaria

Moreover, many of the specimens were noted to be deposited in AMES, K, PNH, US, NY, L, UC, BO, and CAHUP (Figure 4A). Each of these herbaria proved to be equally valuable as each have few to many specimens which may not have duplicates in other herbaria (Figure 4B).

A B

Figure 4A. Distribution of Trichoglottis specimens in different herbaria; B. Distribution of unicate Trichoglottis specimens in different herbaria

Priority Sites and Genera for Collection Collecting effort should be intensified to add more specimens to the PNH. These should be made particularly in islands where there are no or few represen- tative specimens at the PNH. Priority sites should include Catanduanes, Siquijor, Burias, Northern and Southern Palawan Islands, among others. Other sites which should be recollected are Luzon, Mindanao, Mindoro, Palawan, Panay, Negros, and Samar. Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology Vol. I, No. 1 (June 2007)

Genera which are not represented in the PNH by any specimen should be given high priority. These include Abdominea, Amesiella, Ania, Aphyllorchis, Apostasia, Arachnis, Ascocentrum, Ascoglossum. Bogoria, Brachypeza, Bromheadia, Cephalantheropsis, Ceratocentron, Corybas, Cymbidium, Cystorchis, Didymoplexis, Diplocaulobium, Disperis, Epigeneium, Erythrodes, Erythrorchis, Galeola, Gastrochilus, Geodorum, Glomera, Grosourdya, Hippeophyllum, Hylophila, Hymenorchis, Kuhlhasseltia, Lecanorchis, , Luisia, Macodes, Macropodanthus, Microsaccus, Myrmechis, Nephelaphyllum, Octarrhena, , Omoea, Orchipedum, Pachystoma, Pennilabium, Phragmorchis, Pilophyllum, Platanthera, Plocoglottis, Poaephyllum, Pomatocalpa, Preptanthe, Pristiglottis, Pseudovanilla, Rhomboda, Sarcanthus, Schoenorchis, Stereochilus, Stereosandra, Thecostele, Thelymitra, Tropidia, Tuberolabium, , Vexillabium, and Zeuxine. Priority Genera for Revision Recent revisions on Philippine orchids are Dendrochilum (Petersen, 1994) and Trichoglottis (Agoo, 2002), and Pomatocalpa (Watthana, 2005). Dendrobium, , Liparis, Coelogyne, and are being worked out. Other genera which need a modern revision are Bulbophyllum, Phalaeonopsis, Malaxis, Eria, , , Oberonia, Phreatia, and Thrixspermum, among others. Other Activities Publication. Checklists, popular articles, and scientific articles in print and CDROM materials are being pursued. Significant contributions were book publications by Valmayor (1984), Golamco (1991), Fessel and Balzer (1999), and Cootes (2001). These include descriptions, local distribution data, and full color photographs of species. A CD on Philippine orchid genera by Agoo et al. (2003) also presents interactive identification keys, description, and full color photographs of the genera of Philippine orchids. A checklist of Philippine orchid species and a literature module are also provided. Improvement of the PNH Orchid Library. Copies of literature on Philippine orchids have been acquired and maintained at the PNH. There are a few other historical and modern literature which have to be obtained from other libraries in the US and Europe. Development of a Digitized Reference Collection on Philippine Orchids. Photographs of type specimens found in AMES, US, KEW, and L are being acquired which will then be be made available electronically. Training. Potential source of manpower for orchid taxonomic research and support are students and orchid hobbyists. Given the proper training on specimen collection and processing techniques, orchid description, and basic taxonomic research, they can contribute significantly to the knowledge on Philippine orchids. Conservation of Orchids. At present, eighteen (18) Philippine orchid species are included in the 2006 IUCN List of Threatened Species. These species were assessed by Agoo et al. (2004) and evaluated by the Philippine Specialist Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology Vol. I, No. 1 (June 2007)

Group and Orchid Specialist Group. A resume of each of the species which include nomenclature, taxonomy, and ecology was prepared for the purpose. Literature Cited: Agoo, E.M.G., Schuiteman A., de Vogel E.F. 2003. Orchids of the Philippines Volume I: Illustrated Checklist and Genera (CD ROM). ETI and NHN, the Netherlands. Agoo, E.M.G. 2002. Systematic Studies of Philippine Trichoglottis Blume (). Ph.D. Dissertation. De La Salle University, Manila. Agoo, E.M.G., Cootes, J., Golamco, A. Jr., de Vogel, E.F. and Tiu, D. 2004. Aerides lawrenciae, Aerides leeanum, Amesiella philippensis, Ascoglossum calopterum,Ceratocentron fesselii, Dendrobium sanderae, Epigeneium treacherianum, Gastrochilus calceolaris, adductum, Paphiopedilum ciliolare, Paphiopedilum fowliei, Paphiopedilum urbanianum, Phalaenopsis lindenii, Phalaenopsis micholitzii, javierae, Vanda scandens. In: IUCN 2004. 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.redlist.org. Cootes, J. 2001. The Orchids of the Philippines. Times Editions, Singapore. Fessel, H.J. and Balzer, P. 1999. A Selection of Philippine Native Orchids. VisCA-GTZ applied Tropical Ecology Program, Visayas College of Agricul- ture, Baybay, Leyte, and Times Editions, Singapore. Golamco, A. 1991. Philippines’ Book on Orchids. Jemma Inc., Cainta, Rizal. Golamco, A. Jr. 2002. Paphiopedilum haynaldianum var. laurae Golamco var. nov. A new variety from Cebu, Visayas Island, Philippines. Waling-Waling Review 10(1):36-39. Kurzwell, H. 2005. Taxonomic studies in the genus Disperis (Orchidaceae) in Southeast . Blumea 50 (1):143-152. Lubag-Arquiza, A.M. 2006. Spathoglottis palawanensis and Spathoglottis philippinensis. Two new orchid species from the Philippines. Orchid Digest. 70(3):170-173. Lubag-Arquiza, A.M. and Christenson, E. 2006. Validation of Dendrobium sibuyanense. Orchid Digest 70(3):174. Mendoza, D.R. 1959. Philippine orchid collectors. Philippine Orchid Review: 17-36. Rice, R. and Wood, J. 2003. Two new species of from and the Philippines and nomenclatural changes in Renantherella. Orchid Review 111 :344-355. Valmayor, H.L. 1984. Orchidiana Philippiniana I-II. Eugenio Lopez Founda- tion, Manila. Watthana, S. 2005. Systematics and Ecology of the genus Pomatocalpa Breda (Orchidaceae). Botanical Garden and Museum of Natural History of Denmark. University of Copenhagen. (Ph.D. Dissertation). Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology Vol. I, No. 1 (June 2007)

LIST OF ORCHIDS IN THE PHILIPPINES (Updated from Agoo et al. 2003) Abdominea leytense Ames Abdominea minimiflora (Hook.f.) Agrostophyllum longivaginatum J.J.Sm. Ames Acanthephippium Agrostophyllum luzonense Ames & Acanthephippium mantinianum Quisumb. L.Linden & Cogn. Agrostophyllum malindangense Acanthephippium sylhetense Lindl. Agrostophyllum mearnsii Ames Acriopsis Agrostophyllum merrillii Ames Acriopsis indica Wight Agrostophyllum mindanaense Ames Acriopsis liliifolia (J.Koenig) Agrostophyllum philippinense Ormerod Ames Aerides Agrostophyllum saccatilabium Aerides augustianum Rolfe Ames & Quisumb. Aerides burbidgei Rchb.f. ex Burb. Agrostophyllum stipulatum (Griff.) Aerides cylindricum Boxall ex Schltr. Náves in Blanco Amesiella Aerides larpenta Boxall ex Náves Amesiella minor Senghas in the Blanco Amesiella monticola Cootes & Aerides lawrenciae Rchb.f. D.P.Banks Aerides lawrenciae Rchb.f. var. Amesiella philippinensis (Ames) fortichii Ames & Quisumb. Garay Aerides lawrenciae Rchb.f. var. Anoetochilus punctata Ames & Quisumb. Anoectochilus argyroneurum Aerides leeanum Rchb.f. Boxall ex Náves Aerides margaritaceum Boxall ex Anoectochilus bullenii Boxall ex Náves in Blanco Náves Aerides mendellii Boxall ex Náves Anoectochilus dayi Boxall ex Aerides odoratum Lour. Náves Aerides quinquevulnera Lindl. Anoectochilus intermedium Boxall Aerides savageanum Sander ex ex Náves Veitch Anoectochilus sp. Aerides shibatianum Boxall ex Aphyllorchis Náves Aphyllorchis halconensis Ames Aglossorhycha Aphyllorchis montana Rchb.f. Aglossorhyncha sp. Aphyllorchis pallida Blume Agrostophyllum Apostasia Agrostophyllum elmeri Ames Apostasia nuda R.Br. Agrostophyllum elongatum (Ridl.) Apostasia wallichii R.Br. Schuit. Appendicula Agrostophyllum glumaceum Appendicula alba Blume Hook.f. Appendicula anceps Blume Agrostophyllum inocephalum Appendicula buxifolia Blume (Schauer) Ames Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology Vol. I, No. 1 (June 2007)

Appendicula clemensiae (Ames) Ascochilus emarginatus (Blume) Ames Schuit. Appendicula cornuta Blume Ascochilus leytensis (Ames) Garay Appendicula crotalina (Ames) Ascoglossum Schltr. Ascoglossum calopterum (Rchb.f.) Appendicula cuneata Ames Schltr. Appendicula elmeri (Ames) Ames Bogoria Appendicula fenixii (Ames) Schltr. Bogoria merrillii (Ames) Garay Appendicula irigensis Ames Brachypeza Appendicula leytensis Ames Brachypeza zamboangensis (Ames) Appendicula lucbanensis (Ames) Garay Ames Bromhedia Appendicula luzonensis (Ames) Bromheadia alticola Ridl. Ames Bromheadia devogelii Kruiz. Appendicula malindangensis Bromheadia finlaysoniana (Lindl.) (Ames) Schltr. Miq. Appendicula maquilingensis Ames Bulbophyllum Appendicula merrillii Ames Bulbophyllum absconditum J.J.Sm. Appendicula micrantha Lindl. Bulbophyllum aeolium Ames Appendicula negrosiana (Ames) Bulbophyllum aestivale Ames Ames Bulbophyllum alagense Ames Appendicula pendula Blume Bulbophyllum alboroseum Ames Appendicula perplexa (Ames) Bulbophyllum alsiosum Ames Ames Bulbophyllum antenniferum Appendicula polyantha Ames (Lindl.) Rchb.f. Appendicula reflexa Blume Bulbophyllum apodum Hook.f. Appendicula tagalensium Kraenzl Bulbophyllum apoense Schuit. & de Appendicula undulata Blume var. Vogel longicalcarata (Rolfe) Ames Bulbophyllum arrectum Kraenzl Appendicula weberi Ames Bulbophyllum auratum (Lindl.) Appendicula xytriophora Rchb.f. in Rchb.f. Seem. Bulbophyllum aurecemum Boxall Arachnis ex Náves Arachnis flosaeris (L.) Rchb.f. Bulbophyllum balaeniceps Rchb.f. Arachnis longicaulis (Schltr.) Bulbophyllum basisetum J.J.Sm. L.O.Williams Bulbophyllum bataanense Ames Ascocentrum Bulbophyllum baucoense Ames Ascocentrum aurantiacum (Schltr.) Bulbophyllum biflorum Teijsm. & Schltr. subsp. philippinense Binn. Christenson Bulbophyllum bolsteri Ames Ascocentrum miniatum (Lindl.) Bulbophyllum bontocense Ames Schltr. Bulbophyllum braccatum Rchb.f. Ascochilus Bulbophyllum brevibrachiatum Ascochilus calceolaris (Teijsm. & (Schltr.) J.J.Sm. Binn.) Garay Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology Vol. I, No. 1 (June 2007)

Bulbophyllum calophyllum Bulbophyllum ebracteolatum L.O.Williams Kraenzl Bulbophyllum canlaonense Ames Bulbophyllum echinochilum Bulbophyllum carunculatum Garay, Kraenzl Hamer & Siegerist Bulbophyllum elassoglossum Bulbophyllum catenulatum Kraenzl Siegerist Bulbophyllum cephalophorum Bulbophyllum elmeri Ames Garay, Hamer & Siegerist Bulbophyllum elongatum (Blume) Bulbophyllum cheiri Lindl. Hassk. Bulbophyllum chrysendetum Ames Bulbophyllum emiliorum Ames & Bulbophyllum chryseum (Kraenzl) Quisumb. Ames Bulbophyllum erosipetalum Bulbophyllum clandestinum Lindl. C.Schweinf. Bulbophyllum cleistogamum Ridl. Bulbophyllum erratum Ames Bulbophyllum clemensiae Ames Bulbophyllum escritorii Ames Bulbophyllum colubrimodum Ames Bulbophyllum exile Ames Bulbophyllum coniferum Ridl. Bulbophyllum exquisitum Ames Bulbophyllum cootesii M.A.Clem. Bulbophyllum facetum Garay, Bulbophyllum cornutum (Blume) Hamer & Siegerist Rchb.f. Bulbophyllum fenixii Ames Bulbophyllum costatum Ames Bulbophyllum filicoides Ames Bulbophyllum cryptophoranthus Bulbophyllum flavescens (Blume) Garay Lindl. Bulbophyllum cubicum Ames Bulbophyllum flavofimbriatum Bulbophyllum cumingii (Lindl.) J.J.Sm. Rchb.f. Bulbophyllum gimagaanense Ames Bulbophyllum cuneatum Rolfe ex Bulbophyllum glandulosum Ames Ames Bulbophyllum gnomoniferum Ames Bulbophyllum cupreum Lindl. Bulbophyllum goebelianum Kraenzl Bulbophyllum curranii Ames Bulbophyllum gusdorfii J.J.Sm. Bulbophyllum dagamense Ames Bulbophyllum halconense Ames Bulbophyllum dasypetalum Rolfe Bulbophyllum invisum Ames ex Ames Bulbophyllum kittredgei (Garay, Bulbophyllum dearei (Hort.) Hamer & Siegerist) J.J.Verm. Rchb.f. Bulbophyllum lancifolium Ames Bulbophyllum debrincatiae Bulbophyllum lancilabium Ames J.J.Verm. Bulbophyllum lancipetalum Ames Bulbophyllum deceptum Ames Bulbophyllum lasioglossum Rolfe Bulbophyllum dentiferum Ridl. ex Ames Bulbophyllum dissolutum Ames Bulbophyllum lasiopetalum Kraenzl Bulbophyllum dolichoblepharon Bulbophyllum laxiflorum (Blume) (Schltr.) J.J.Sm. Lindl. Bulbophyllum doryphoroides Ames Bulbophyllum leibergii Ames & Rolfe Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology Vol. I, No. 1 (June 2007)

Bulbophyllum lepantense Ames Bulbophyllum nymphopolitanum Bulbophyllum lepidum (Blume) Kraenzl J.J.Sm. Bulbophyllum odoratum (Blume) Bulbophyllum leptocaulon Kraenzl Lindl. Bulbophyllum levanae Ames Bulbophyllum orthoglossum Bulbophyllum levanae Ames var. Kraenzl giganteum Quisumb. & Bulbophyllum othonis (Kuntze) C.Schweinf. J.J.Sm. Bulbophyllum leytense Ames Bulbophyllum pampangense Ames Bulbophyllum lipense Ames Bulbophyllum papillipetalum Ames Bulbophyllum lobbii Lindl. Bulbophyllum papulosum Garay Bulbophyllum loherianum Bulbophyllum pardalotum Garay, (Kraenzl) Ames Hamer & Siegerist Bulbophyllum longiflorum Thouars Bulbophyllum pauciflorum Ames Bulbophyllum longipetiolatum Bulbophyllum penduliscapum Ames J.J.Sm. Bulbophyllum macranthum Lindl. Bulbophyllum peramoenum Ames Bulbophyllum maculatum Boxall ex Bulbophyllum piestoglossum Náves J.J.Verm. Bulbophyllum maculosum Ames Bulbophyllum pleurothalloides Bulbophyllum makoyanum Ames (Rchb.f.) Ridl. Bulbophyllum plumatum Ames Bulbophyllum maquilingense Ames Bulbophyllum puguahaanense & Quisumb. Ames Bulbophyllum marivelense Ames Bulbophyllum putidum (Teijsm. & Bulbophyllum masaganapense Binn.) J.J.Sm. Ames Bulbophyllum recurvilabre Garay Bulbophyllum maxillare (Lindl.) Bulbophyllum reilloi Ames Rchb.f. Bulbophyllum reticulatum Boxall Bulbophyllum mearnsii Ames ex Náves Bulbophyllum melanoglossum Bulbophyllum rhizomatosum Ames Kraenzl & C.Schweinf. Bulbophyllum membranifolium Bulbophyllum santosii Ames Hook.f. Bulbophyllum sapphirinum Ames Bulbophyllum merrittii Ames Bulbophyllum saurocephalum Bulbophyllum mindorense Ames Rchb.f. Bulbophyllum monstrabile Ames Bulbophyllum savaiense Schltr. Bulbophyllum mutabile (Blume) subsp. subcubicum (J.J.Sm.) Lindl. J.J.Verm. Bulbophyllum nasseri Garay Bulbophyllum schefferi (Kuntze) Bulbophyllum negrosianum Ames Schltr. Bulbophyllum nemorale Bulbophyllum sempiternum Ames L.O.Williams Bulbophyllum sensile Ames Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology Vol. I, No. 1 (June 2007)

Bulbophyllum sibuyanense Ames Calanthe lacerata Ames Bulbophyllum stellatum Ames Calanthe lyroglossa Rchb.f. Bulbophyllum subaequale Ames Calanthe maquilingensis Ames Bulbophyllum superfluum Kraenzl Calanthe masuca Boxall ex Náves Bulbophyllum surigaense Ames & Calanthe mcgregorii Ames Quisumb. Calanthe mindorensis Ames Bulbophyllum tenuifolium (Blume) Calanthe nivalis Boxall ex Náves Lindl. Calanthe pulchra (Blume) Lindl. Bulbophyllum toppingii Ames Calanthe rubens Ridl. Bulbophyllum tortuosum (Blume) Calanthe triplicata (Willemet) Lindl. Ames Bulbophyllum trigonosepalum Calanthe vestita Lindl. Kraenzl Camarotis Bulbophyllum trisetum Ames Camarotis purpurea Boxall ex Bulbophyllum unguiculatum Náves Rchb.f. Cephalantheropsis Bulbophyllum uniflorum (Blume) Cephalantheropsis gracilis (Lindl.) Hassk. S.Y.Hu Bulbophyllum vagans Ames & Cephalantheropsis halconensis Rolfe (Ames) S.S.Ying Bulbophyllum vaginatum (Lindl.) Cephalantheropsis longipes Rchb.f. (Hook.f.) Ormerod Bulbophyllum vermiculare Hook.f. Cephalantheropsis obcordata Bulbophyllum weberi Ames (Lindl.) Ormerod Bulbophyllum whitfordii Rolfe ex Ceratocentron Ames Ceratocentron fesselii Senghas Bulbophyllum williamsii Ceratostylis A.D.Hawkes Ceratostylis caespitosa Bulbophyllum woelfliae Garay, L.O.Williams Senghas & Lemcke Ceratostylis dataensis Ames Bulbophyllum zambalense Ames Ceratostylis elmeri Ames Bulbophyllum zamboangense Ames Ceratostylis incognita J.T.Atwood Cadetia & Beckner Cadetia microphyton Ceratostylis loheri L.O.Williams (L.O.Williams) Christenson Ceratostylis mindanaensis Ames Calanthe Ceratostylis philippinensis Rolfe ex Calanthe angustifolia (Blume) Ames Lindl. Ceratostylis ramosa Ames & Rolfe Calanthe conspicua Lindl. Ceratostylis retisquama Rchb.f. Calanthe davaensis Ames Ceratostylis senilis Rchb.f. Calanthe elmeri Ames Ceratostylis subulata Blume Calanthe halconensis Ames Ceratostylis wenzelii Ames Calanthe hennisii Loher Chamaeanthus Calanthe jusnerii Boxall ex Náves Chamaeanthus brachystachys Schltr. Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology Vol. I, No. 1 (June 2007)

Cheirostylis Coelogyne vanoverberghii Ames Cheirostylis chinensis Rolfe Coelogyne viscosa Boxall ex Náves Cheirostylis merrillii (Ames & Collabium Quisumb.) Ormerod Collabium formosanum Hayata Cheirostylis octodactyla Ames Cordiglottis Chelonistele Cordiglottis filiformis (Hook.f.) Chelonistele sulphurea (Blume) Garay Pfitzer Corybas Chrysoglossum Corybas laceratus L.O.Williams Chrysoglossum ornatum Blume Corybas merrillii (Ames) Ames Cleisostoma Corybas ramosianus J.Dransf. Cleisostoma chrysochilum Kraenzl Corymborkis Cleisostoma duplicilobum (J.J.Sm.) Corymborkis veratrifolia Garay (Reinw.) Blume Cleisostoma sagittatum Blume Cryptostylis Cleisostoma striolatum (Rchb.f.) Cryptostylis acutata J.J.Sm. Garay Cryptostylis arachnites (Blume) Cleisostoma subulatum Blume Hassk. Cleisostoma uraiense (Hayata) Cryptostylis taiwaniana Masam. Garay & H.R.Sweet Cymbidium Cleisostoma weberi (Ames) Garay Cymbidium aliciae Quisumb. Coelogyne Cymbidium atropurpureum Coelogyne asperata Lindl. (Lindl.) Rolfe Coelogyne bilamellata Lindl. Cymbidium bicolor Lindl. subsp. Coelogyne candoonensis Ames pubescens (Lindl.) Du Puy & Coelogyne chloroptera Rchb.f. P.J.Cribb Coelogyne ciliata Boxall ex Náves Cymbidium cyperifolium Wall. ex Coelogyne confusa Ames Lindl. subsp. indochinense Du Coelogyne elmeri Ames Puy & P.J.Cribb Coelogyne integerrima Ames Cymbidium dayanum Rchb.f. Coelogyne loheri Rolfe Cymbidium ensifolium (L.) Sw. Coelogyne longirachis Ames Cymbidium finlaysonianum Coelogyne marmorata Rchb.f. Lindl. Coelogyne merrillii Ames Cymbidium huttonii Boxall ex Coelogyne minutissima Kraenzl Náves Coelogyne palawanensis Ames Cyrtosia Coelogyne pandurata Lindl. Cyrtosia sp. Coelogyne quinquelamellata Ames Cystorchis Coelogyne remediosiae Ames & Cystorchis aphylla Ridl. Quisumb. Cystorchis javanica (Blume) Blume Coelogyne rochussenii de Vriese Cystorchis luzonensis Ames Coelogyne sparsa Rchb.f. Dendrobium Coelogyne swaniana Rolfe Dendrobium aclinia Rchb.f. Coelogyne usitana Roeth & Dendrobium acuminatissimum O.Gruss (Blume) Lindl. Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology Vol. I, No. 1 (June 2007)

Dendrobium agusanense Ames Dendrobium elmeri Ames Dendrobium albayense Ames Dendrobium equitans Kraenzl Dendrobium album Boxall ex Dendrobium escritorii Ames Náves Dendrobium fairchildiae Ames & Dendrobium aliciae Ames & Quisumb. Quisumb. Dendrobium gerlandianum Kraenzl Dendrobium aloifolium (Blume) Dendrobium goldschmidtianum Rchb.f. Kraenzl Dendrobium amethystoglossum Dendrobium guerreroi Ames & Rchb.f. Quisumb. Dendrobium anosmum Lindl. Dendrobium hercoglossum Rchb.f. Dendrobium aphyllum (Roxb.) Dendrobium heterocarpum Wall. ex C.E.C.Fisch. Lindl. Dendrobium auriculatum Ames & Dendrobium hymenanthum Rchb.f. Quisumb. Dendrobium indivisum (Blume) Dendrobium balzerianum Fessel & Miq. Lückel Dendrobium ionopus Rchb.f. Dendrobium basilanense Ames Dendrobium junceum Lindl. Dendrobium bicaudatum Reinw. ex Dendrobium leytense Ames Lindl. Dendrobium linguella Rchb.f. Dendrobium blanche-amesii Dendrobium lunatum Lindl. A.D.Hawkes & A.H.Heller Dendrobium luzonense Lindl. Dendrobium blumei Lindl. Dendrobium macrophyllum A.Rich Dendrobium bukidnonense Ames & Dendrobium marivelense Ames Quisumb. Dendrobium merrillii Ames Dendrobium bullenianum Rchb.f. Dendrobium milaniae Fessel & Dendrobium bunuanense Ames Lückel Dendrobium cabadbarense Ames Dendrobium mindanaense Ames Dendrobium carinatum (L.) Willd. Dendrobium miyasakii Ames & Dendrobium ceraula Rchb.f. Quisumb. Dendrobium cerinum Rchb.f. Dendrobium modestum Rchb.f. Dendrobium chameleon Ames Dendrobium philippinense Ames Dendrobium compactum Rolfe Dendrobium phillipsii Ames & Dendrobium conanthum Schltr. Quisumb. Dendrobium crassimarginatum Dendrobium planibulbe Lindl. L.O.Williams Dendrobium platycaulon Rolfe Dendrobium crumenatum Sw. Dendrobium polytrichum Ames Dendrobium cultratum Schltr. Dendrobium pristinum Ames Dendrobium dayanum Boxall ex Dendrobium profusum Rchb.f. Náves Dendrobium pseudoequitans Fessel Dendrobium dearei Rchb.f. & Lückel Dendrobium diffusum Dendrobium quisumbingii L.O.Williams A.D.Hawkes & A.H.Heller Dendrobium distichum (Presl) Dendrobium ramosii Ames Rchb.f. Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology Vol. I, No. 1 (June 2007)

Dendrobium salaccense (Blume) Dendrochilum cootesii Lindl. H.A.Pedersen Dendrobium sanderae Rolfe Dendrochilum copelandii (Ames) Dendrobium sanderae Rolfe var. Ames parviflorum Anschuetz ex Dendrochilum cordatum Quisumb. H.A.Pedersen Dendrobium sanderae Rolfe var. Dendrochilum curranii Ames surigaense Quisumb. Dendrochilum curranii Ames var. Dendrobium sanguinolentum Lindl. serratoi (Ames) L.O.Williams Dendrobium schuetzei Rolfe Dendrochilum cymbiforme Ames Dendrobium secundum (Blume) Dendrochilum ecallosum Ames Lindl. Dendrochilum edanoi Quisumb. Dendrobium sibuyanense Lubag- Dendrochilum elmeri Ames Arquiza Lubag-Arquiza, Naranja, Dendrochilum exiguum (Ames) Baldos, & Sacdalan H.A.Pedersen Dendrochilum Dendrochilum exile Ames Dendrochilum abortum (Ames) Dendrochilum eximium (Ames) L.O.Williams L.O.Williams Dendrochilum affine Ames Dendrochilum filiforme Lindl. Dendrochilum amesianum Dendrochilum flexuosum H.A.Pedersen H.A.Pedersen Dendrochilum anfractum (Ames) Dendrochilum foxworthyi Ames Pfitzer Lindl. Dendrochilum anfractum (Ames) Dendrochilum graciliscapum Pfitzer var. anfractoides (Ames) (Ames) Pfitzer L.O.Williams Dendrochilum graminifolium Dendrochilum apiculatum (Ames) (Ames) Pfitzer L.O.Williams Dendrochilum hastatum Ames Dendrochilum apoense T.Hashim. Dendrochilum hutchinsonianum Dendrochilum arachnites Rchb.f. Ames Dendrochilum asperum Dendrochilum irigense Ames L.O.Williams Dendrochilum javieri L.K.Magrath, Dendrochilum auriculare Ames Bulmer & I.Shafer Dendrochilum binuangense Ames Dendrochilum kingii (Hook.f.) Dendrochilum cinnabarinum J.J.Sm. Pfitzer in Engl. Dendrochilum latifolium Lindl. Dendrochilum cinnabarinum Dendrochilum latifolium Lindl. var. Pfitzer var. sanguineum (Ames) macranthum (Schltr.) H.A.Pedersen H.A.Pedersen Rchb.f. Dendrochilum loheri Ames Dendrochilum convallariaeforme Dendrochilum longibulbum Ames Schauer Rchb.f. Dendrochilum convallariaeforme Dendrochilum longilabre (Ames) Schauer var. minor (Ames) Pfitzer H.A.Pedersen Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology Vol. I, No. 1 (June 2007)

Dendrochilum louisianum Dendrochilum philippinense H.A.Pedersen (Ames) Pfitzer var. purpureum Dendrochilum luzonense Ames (Ames) H.A.Pedersen Dendrochilum magnum Rchb.f. Dendrochilum plocoglottoides Dendrochilum maleolens Kraenzl H.A.Pedersen Dendrochilum malindangense Dendrochilum prodigiosum Ames Ames Dendrochilum propinquum Ames Dendrochilum marginatum (Ames) Dendrochilum pulcherrimum L.O.Williams (Ames) L.O.Williams Dendrochilum mcgregorii Ames Dendrochilum pulogense Ames Dendrochilum mearnsii Ames Dendrochilum pumilum Rchb.f. Dendrochilum merrillii (Ames) Dendrochilum pumilum Rchb.f. var. Pfitzer recurvum (Ames) H.A.Pedersen Dendrochilum microchilum Dendrochilum quadrilobum Ames (Schltr.) Ames Dendrochilum quisumbingianum Dendrochilum mindanaense H.A.Pedersen (Ames) L.O.Williams Dendrochilum reniforme Ames Dendrochilum mindorense Ames Dendrochilum rhombophorum Dendrochilum niveum Ames (Rchb.f.) Ames Dendrochilum ocellatum (Ames) Dendrochilum rotundilabium Pfitzer L.O.Williams Dendrochilum oliganthum (Ames) Dendrochilum saccolabium Kraenzl Pfitzer Dendrochilum schweinfurthianum Dendrochilum oreophilum (Ames) (Ames) L.O.Williams L.O.Williams Dendrochilum simulacrum Ames Dendrochilum pallideflavens Dendrochilum smithianum (Ames) Blume L.O.Williams Dendrochilum pangasinanense Dendrochilum stenophyllum Ames L.O.Williams Dendrochilum parvipapillatum Dendrochilum tenellum (Nees & H.A.Pedersen Meyen) Ames Dendrochilum parvulum (Ames) Dendrochilum tenuibulbum (Ames) Pfitzer L.O.Williams Dendrochilum parvulum (Ames) Dendrochilum tenuifolium (Ames) Pfitzer var. strictiforme (Ames) Pfitzer in Engl. H.A.Pedersen Dendrochilum tetradactyliferum Dendrochilum perplexum (Ames) H.A.Pedersen L.O.Williams Dendrochilum turpe (Ames) Pfitzer Dendrochilum perplexum (Ames) Dendrochilum uncatum Rchb.f. L.O.Williams var. montanum Dendrochilum uncatum Rchb.f. var. (Ames) H.A.Pedersen longispicatum (Ames) Dendrochilum philippinense H.A.Pedersen (Ames) Pfitzer Dendrochilum unicallosum L.O.Williams Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology Vol. I, No. 1 (June 2007)

Dendrochilum unicorne (Ames) Eria aporoides Lindl. L.O.Williams Eria barbifrons Kraenzl Dendrochilum vanoverberghii Eria brachystachya Rchb.f. Ames Eria bractescens Lindl. Dendrochilum wenzelii Ames Eria candoonensis Ames Dendrochilum williamsii (Ames) Eria carnicolor Ames Pfitzer Eria citrina Ridl. Dendrochilum woodianum Ames Eria clemensiae Leav. Dendrochilum yuccaefolium Eria compacta Ames L.O.Williams Eria copelandii Leav. Didymoplexis Eria copelandii Leav. var. Didymoplexis pallens Griff. fusiformis Leav. Didymoplexis philippinensis Ames Eria curranii Leav. Diglyphosa Eria cylindrostachya Ames Diglyphosa latifolia Blume Eria cymbiformis J.J.Sm. Dilochia Eria dagamensis Ames Dilochia elmeri Ames in Elmer Eria davaensis Ames Eria fastigiatifolia Ames Diplocaulobium Eria floribunda Lindl. Diplocaulobium clemensiae (Ames) Eria gigantea Ames A.D.Hawkes Eria hutchinsoniana Ames Dipodium Eria jarensis Ames Dipodium paludosum (Griff.) Eria javanica (Sw.) Blume Rchb.f. Eria lamellata Ames Dipodium pictum (Lindl.) Rchb.f. Eria leavittii Kraenzl Disperis Eria longibracteata Leav. Eria longicruris Leav. Disperis neilgherrensis Wight Eria longilabris Lindl. Epiblastus Eria longissima Ames & Quisumb. Epiblastus merrillii L.O.Williams Eria lyonii Leav. Epigeneium Eria macera Ames Epigeneium acuminatum (Rolfe ex Eria major Ridl. Ames) Summerh. Eria maquilingensis Ames Epigeneium stellasilvae (Loher & Eria mearnsii Leav. Kraenzl) Summerh. Eria merrittii Ames Eria microchila Ames Epigeneium treacherianum (Rchb.f. Eria mindanaensis Ames ex Hook.f.) Summerh. Eria ornata (Blume) Lindl. Epipogium Eria ovata Lindl. Epipogium roseum (D.Don) Lindl. Eria palawanensis Ames Eria Eria perspicabilis Ames Eria albolutea Rolfe Eria philippinensis Ames Eria aliciae Quisumb. Eria polyura Lindl. Eria anceps Leav. Eria profusa Lindl. Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology Vol. I, No. 1 (June 2007)

Eria propinqua Ames Flickingeria fimbriata (Blume) Eria puguahaanensis Ames A.D.Hawkes Eria ramosa Ames Flickingeria junctiloba Fessel & Eria rhodoptera Rchb.f. Lückel Eria ringens Rchb.f. Flickingeria luxurians (J.J.Sm.) Eria senilis Ames A.D.Hawkes Eria taylorii Ames Flickingeria pseudoconvexa Eria tridens Ames (Ames) A.D.Hawkes Eria vanoverberghii Ames Flickingeria purpureostelidia Eria ventricosa Leav. (Ames) A.D.Hawkes Eria whitfordii Leav. Flickingeria unicornis (Ames) Eria woodiana Ames A.D.Hawkes Eria xanthocheila Ridl. Flickingeria xantholeuca (Rchb.f.) Eria zamboangensis Ames A.D.Hawkes Erythrodes Galeola Erythrodes boettcheri Ames Galeola nudifolia Lour. Erythrodes weberi Ames Gastrochilus Erythrodes wenzelii Ames Gastrochilus calceolaris (Buch.- Erythrorchis Ham. ex Sm.) D.Don Erythrorchis altissima (Blume) Gastrochilus sororius Schltr. Blume Gastrodia Gastrodia javanica (Blume) Lindl. Eulophia andamanensis Rchb.f. Geodorum Eulophia bicallosa (D.Don) Geodorum densiflorum (Lam.) P.F.Hunt & Summerh. Schltr. Eulophia dentata Ames Glomera Eulophia exaltata Rchb.f. Glomera merrillii Ames Eulophia graminea Lindl. Goodyera Eulophia pulchra (Thouars) Lindl. Goodyera clausa (Eaton ex Ames) Eulophia spectabilis (Dennst.) Schltr. Suresh Goodyera dawsonii Boxall ex Eulophia zollingeri (Rchb.f.) Náves J.J.Sm. Goodyera elmeri (Ames) Ames Flickingeria Goodyera fumata Thwaites Flickingeria bancana (J.J.Sm.) Goodyera luzonensis Ames A.D.Hawkes Goodyera picta Boxall ex Náves Flickingeria candoonensis (Ames) Goodyera procera (Ker Gawl.) Fessel & Lückel Hook. Flickingeria chrysographata Goodyera ramosii Ames (Ames) A.D.Hawkes Goodyera rubicunda (Blume) Flickingeria comata (Blume) Lindl. A.D.Hawkes Goodyera viridiflora (Blume) Flickingeria eurorum (Ames) Blume A.D.Hawkes Grammatophyllyum Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology Vol. I, No. 1 (June 2007)

Grammatophyllum elegans Rchb.f. Habenaria stenopetala Lindl. Grammatophyllum martae Habenaria vanoverberghii Ames Quisumb. ex Valmayor & D.Tiu Habenaria warburgiana Kraenzl Grammatophyllum measuresianum Habenaria zephyrica Ames Sander Herminium Grammatophyllum multiflorum Herminium lanceum (Thunb. ex Lindl. Sw.) Vuijk Grammatophyllum scriptum (L.) Hetaeria Blume Hetaeria anomala (Lindl.) Hook.f. Grammatophyllum speciosum Hetaeria mindanaensis Ames Blume Hetaeria oblongifolia Blume Grammatophyllum stapeliiflorum Hetaeria wenzelii Ames (Teijsm. & Binn.) J.J.Sm. Hippeophyllyum Grammatophyllum wallisii Rchb.f. Hippeophyllum wenzelii Ames Grosourdya Hylophila Grosourdya appendiculata (Blume) Hylophila lanceolata (Blume) Miq. Rchb.f. Hylophila rubra Ames Grosourdya tripercus (Ames) Hymenorchis Garay Hymenorchis vanoverberghii Habenaria (Ames) Garay Habenaria alagensis Ames Kuhlhasseltia Habenaria aristulifera Rchb.f. Kuhlhasseltia whiteheadii (Rendle) Habenaria boadanensis Ames Ames Habenaria congesta Ames Kuhlhasseltia yakushimensis Habenaria curranii Ames (Yamam.) Ormerod Habenaria dentata (Sw.) Schltr. Lecanorchis Habenaria diphylla (Nimmo) Dalz. Lecanorchis javanica Blume Habenaria falcigera Rchb.f. Lepidogyne Habenaria intrudens Ames Lepidogyne longifolia (Blume) Habenaria leibergii Ames Blume Habenaria lingulosa Ames Liparis Habenaria malintana (Blanco) Liparis amesiana Schltr. Merr. Liparis benguetensis (Ames) Schltr. Habenaria mearnsii Ames Liparis bontocensis Ames Habenaria muricata (Schauer) Liparis bootanensis Griff. Rchb.f. Liparis cauliflora Merr. Habenaria ponerostachys Rchb.f. Liparis clemensiae (Ames) Ames Habenaria reticulata Ames Liparis compressa (Blume) Lindl. Habenaria rhodocheila Hance Liparis condylobulbon Rchb.f. subsp. philippinensis (Ames) Liparis cumingii Ridl. Christenson Liparis distans C.B.Clarke Habenaria robinsonii Ames Liparis dumaguetensis Ames Habenaria rosulata Ames Liparis elegans Lindl. Habenaria rumphii (Brongn.) Liparis elliptica Wight Lindl. Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology Vol. I, No. 1 (June 2007)

Macodes xanthophyllus Boxall ex Liparis elmeri (Ames) Schltr. Náves Liparis fragilis (Ames) Ames Macropodanthus Liparis fulgens Rolfe Macropodanthus philippinensis Liparis halconensis (Ames) Ames L.O.Williams Liparis jarensis Ames Malaxis Liparis leytensis Ames Malaxis acuminata D.Don Liparis linearifolia (Ames) Ames Malaxis alagensis (Ames) Ames Liparis magnicallosa Ames Malaxis arietina Ames Liparis merrillii (Ames) Schltr. Malaxis atrosanguinea Ames Liparis monophylla Ames Malaxis balabacensis Ames Liparis negrosiana Ames Malaxis bancanoides Ames Liparis nutans (Ames) Ames Malaxis bataanensis Ames Liparis palawanensis Ames Malaxis benguetensis Ames Liparis pallida (Blume) Lindl. Malaxis binabayensis (Ames) Ames Liparis parviflora (Blume) Lindl. Malaxis bracteosa Ames Liparis pectinata Ridl. Malaxis bulusanensis Ames Liparis philippinensis (Ames) Malaxis copelandii Ames Schltr. Malaxis cuneipetala Ames Liparis poilanei Gagnep. Malaxis davaensis Ames Liparis prava Ames Malaxis dentata (Ames) Ames Liparis propinqua Ames Malaxis elmeri Ames Liparis rizalensis Ames Malaxis epiphytica Ames Liparis robusta Hook.f. Malaxis hutchinsoniana (Ames) Liparis tricallosa Rchb.f. Ames Liparis trichoglottis (Ames) Schltr. Malaxis lilacina Ames Liparis viridiflora (Blume) Lindl. Malaxis merrillii (Ames) Ames Liparis wenzelii Ames Malaxis mindorensis (Rendle) Ludisia Ames Ludisia discolor (Ker Gawl.) Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Sw. Blume Malaxis negrosiana Ames Luisia Malaxis ophrydis (J.Koenig) Luisia cordatilabia Ames Ormerod &Quisumb. Malaxis propinqua Ames Luisia curtisii Seidenf. Malaxis purpureiflora Ames & Luisia foxworthii Ames Quisumb. Luisia ramosii Ames Malaxis quadridentata (Ames) Luisia teretifolia Gaudich. Ames Luisia valida Rchb.f. Malaxis quadriloba Ames Macodes Malaxis ramosii Ames (Blume) Lindl. Malaxis rizalensis Ames Macodes setaceus Boxall ex Náves Malaxis taylorii Ames Macodes striatus Boxall ex Náves Malaxis uncata Ames Macodes veitchii Boxall ex Náves Malaxis wenzelii Ames Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology Vol. I, No. 1 (June 2007)

Malaxis williamsii Ames Oberonia benguetensis Ames Malleola Oberonia cylindrica Lindl. Malleola constricta Ames Oberonia elmeri Ames Malleola lyonii Ames Oberonia hispidula Ames Megalotus Oberonia iridifolia (Roxb.) Lindl. Megalotus bifidus (Lindl.) Garay Oberonia leytensis Ames Micropera Oberonia lipensis Ames Micropera loheri (L.O.Williams) Oberonia luzonensis Ames Garay Oberonia lycopodioides (J.Koenig) Micropera pallida (Roxb.) Lindl. Ormerod Micropera philippinensis (Lindl.) Oberonia mcgregorii Ames Garay Oberonia merrillii Ames Micropera utriculosa (Ames) Garay Oberonia mindorensis Ames Microsaccus Oberonia minima Ames Microsaccus griffithii (Parish & Oberonia minutissima Ames Rchb.f.) Seidenf. Oberonia monstruosa (Blume) Microsaccus wenzelii Ames Lindl. Microstylis Oberonia obesa Ames Microstylis odorata Boxall ex Oberonia reilloi Ames Náves Oberonia setigera Ames Microtatorchis Oberonia surigaensis Ames Microtatorchis aristata Garay Oberonia thisbe Rchb.f. Microtatorchis compacta (Ames) Oberonia toppingii Ames Schltr. Oberonia wenzelii Ames Microtis Octarrhena Microtis unifolia (G.Forst.) Rchb.f. Octarrhena amesiana Schltr. Myrmechis Octarrhena ensifolia (Ames) Schltr. Myrmechis gracilis (Blume) Blume Octarrhena gemmifera Ames Myrmechis perpusilla Ames Octarrhena parvula Thwaites Myrmechis philippinensis Ames Omoea Nephelaphyllum Omoea philippinensis Ames Nephelaphyllum mindorense Ames Orchipedum Nephelaphyllum pulchrum Blume Orchipedum wenzelii (Ames) Nervilia J.J.Sm. Nervilia aragoana Gaudich. Pachystoma Nervilia crociformis (Zoll. & Pachystoma pubescens Blume Moritzi) Seidenf. Paphiopedilum Nervilia dilatata (Blume) Schltr. Paphiopedilum acmodontum Nervilia plicata (Andrews) Schltr. Schoser ex M.W.Wood Neuwiedia Paphiopedilum adductum Asher Neuwiedia veratrifolia Blume Paphiopedilum adductum Asher Oberonia var. anitum (Golamco) Koop. Oberonia aporophylla Rchb.f. Paphiopedilum argus (Rchb.f.) Oberonia basilanensis Ames Stein Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology Vol. I, No. 1 (June 2007)

Paphiopedilum ciliolare (Rchb.f.) Phaius philippinensis N.E.Br. Stein Phaius tankervilleae (Banks ex Paphiopedilum fowliei Birk L’Hér.) Blume Paphiopedilum haynaldianum Phalaenopsis (Rchb.f.) Stein Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume Paphiopedilum haynaldianum Phalaenopsis aphrodite Rchb.f. (Rchb.f.) Stein var. laurae Phalaenopsis bastianii O.Gruss & Golamco Roellke Paphiopedilum hennisianum Phalaenopsis cornucervi (Breda) (M.W.Wood) Fowlie Blume & Rchb.f. Paphiopedilum parnatanum Phalaenopsis deliciosa Rchb.f. Cavestro Phalaenopsis equestris (Schauer) Paphiopedilum philippinense Rchb.f. (Rchb.f.) Stein Phalaenopsis fasciata Rchb.f. Paphiopedilum philippinense Phalaenopsis fuscata Rchb.f. (Rchb.f.) Stein var. roebelenii Phalaenopsis hieroglyphica (Veitch) P.J.Cribb (Rchb.f.) H.R.Sweet Paphiopedilum randsii Fowlie Phalaenopsis lindenii Loher Paphiopedilum urbanianum Fowlie Phalaenopsis lueddemanniana Paphiopedilum x expansum Rchb.f. J.T.Atwood Phalaenopsis mariae Burb. Ex Pennilabium R.Warner & B.S.Williams Pennilabium confusum (Ames) Phalaenopsis micholitzii Rolfe Garay Phalaenopsis pallens (Lindl.) Pennilabium luzonense (Ames) Rchb.f. Garay Phalaenopsis pallens (Lindl.) Peristylus Rchb.f. var. trullifera H.R.Sweet, Peristylus copelandii (Ames) Carr Phalaenopsis philippinensis Peristylus goodyeroides (D.Don) Golamco ex Fowlie & C.Z.Tang Lindl. Phalaenopsis pulchra (Rchb.f.) Peristylus lacertifer (Lindl.) J.J.Sm. H.R.Sweet Peristylus maingayi (King & Pantl.) Phalaenopsis reichenbachiana J.J.Wood & Ormerod Rchb.f. & Sander Peristylus monticola (Ridl.) Phalaenopsis sanderiana Rchb.f. Seidenf. Phalaenopsis sanderiana Rchb.f. Peristylus warburgianus Kraenzl Phalaenopsis marmorata Rchb.f. Phauis Phalaenopsis schilleriana Rchb.f. Phaius amboinensis Blume Phalaenopsis stuartiana Rchb.f. Phaius borneensis J.J.Sm. Phalaenopsis stuartiana Rchb.f. f. Phaius flavus (Blume) Lindl. punctatissima (Rchb.f.) Phaius fragilis L.O.Williams Christenson Phaius linearifolius Ames Phalaenopsis sumatrana Korth. & Phaius lyonii Ames Rchb.f. Phaius mishmensis (Lindl. & Phalaenopsis x amphitrite Kraenzl Paxton) Rchb.f. Phalaenopsis x intermedia Lindl. Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology Vol. I, No. 1 (June 2007)

Phalaenopsis x leucorrhoda Plocoglottis plicata (Roxb.) Rchb.f. Ormerod Phalaenopsis x veitchiana Rchb.f. Poaephyllum Pholidota Poaephyllum grandiflorum Pholidota articulata Lindl. Quisumb. Pholidota carnea (Blume) Lindl. Poaephyllum pauciflorum (Hook.f.) Pholidota imbricata Hook. Ridl. Pholidota ventricosa (Blume) Podochilus Rchb.f. Podochilus bicaudatus Schltr. Phragmorchis Podochilus cumingii Schltr. Phragmorchis teretifolia Podochilus hystricinus Ames L.O.Williams Podochilus intricatus Ames Phreatia Podochilus longilabris Ames Phreatia amesii Kraenzl Podochilus lucescens Blume Phreatia aristulifera Ames Podochilus plumosus Ames Phreatia caulescens Ames Podochilus ramosii Ames Phreatia densiflora (Blume) Lindl. Podochilus sciuroides Rchb.f. Phreatia elmeri Ames Podochilus serpyllifolius (Blume) Phreatia infundibuliformis Ames Lindl. Phreatia luzonensis Rolfe ex Ames Podochilus strictus Ames Phreatia mearnsii Ames Polystachya Phreatia negrosiana Ames Polystachya concreta (Jacq.) Garay Phreatia plantaginifolia (J.Koenig) &H.R.Sweet Ormerod Pomatocalpa Phreatia prorepens Rchb.f. Pomatocalpa bicolor (Lindl.) Phreatia ramosii Ames J.J.Sm. Phreatia sulcata (Blume) J.J.Sm. Pomatocalpa fuscum J.J.Sm. Phreatia vanoverberghii Ames Pomatocalpa kunstleri (Hook.f.) Phreatia wenzelii Ames J.J.Sm. Phreatia xantholeuca Kraenzl Pomatocalpa spicatum Breda Pilophyllum Pristiglottis Pilophyllum villosum (Blume) Pristiglottis mindanaensis (Ames) Schltr. Cretz.& J.J.Sm. Platanthera Pristiglottis philippinensis (Ames) Platanthera angustata (Blume) Cretz. & J.J.Sm. Lindl. Pseudovanilla Plocoglottis Pseudovanilla philippinensis Plocoglottis bicallosa Ames (Ames) Garay Plocoglottis bicomata L.O.Williams Pteroceras Plocoglottis copelandii Ames Pteroceras cladostachyum Plocoglottis loheriana (Kraenzl) (Hook.f.) H.A.Pedersen Goebel Pteroceras leopardinum (Parish & Plocoglottis lucbanensis Ames Rchb.f.) Seidenf. & Smitinand Plocoglottis mindorensis Ames Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology Vol. I, No. 1 (June 2007)

Pteroceras longicalcareum (Ames Robiquetia pantherina (Kraenzl) & Rolfe) Garay Ames Pteroceras pallidum (Blume) Robiquetia spatulata (Blume) Holttum J.J.Sm. Pteroceras philippinense (Ames) Robiquetia vanoverberghii Ames Garay Saccolabiopsis Pteroceras teres (Blume) Saccolabiopsis tenella (Ames) Holttum Garay Pteroceras unguiculatum (Lindl.) Saccolabium H.A.Pedersen Saccolabium semiclausum Renanthera Kraenzl Renanthera amabilis Boxall ex Sarcophyton Náves Sarcophyton crassifolium (Lindl. Renanthera angustifolia Hook.f. &Paxton) Garay Renanthera brevifolia (Rchb.f.) Sarcophyton pachyphyllum R. Rice & J.J. Wood (Ames) Garay Renanthera elongata (Blume) Lindl. Schoenorchis Renanthera monachica Ames Schoenorchis micrantha Reinw. Renanthera philippinensis (Ames ex Blume & Quisumb.) L.O.Williams Schoenorchis paniculata Blume Renanthera storiei Rchb.f. Schuitemania Rhomboda Schuitemania merrillii (Ames) Rhomboda blackii (Ames) Ormerod Ormerod Spathoglottis Rhomboda cristata (Blume) Spathoglottis chrysantha Ames Ormerod Spathoglottis elmeri Ames Rhomboda lanceolata (Lindl.) Spathoglottis kimballiana Hort. Ormerod var. angustifolia Ames Rhomboda weberi (Ames) Spathoglottis kimballiana Hort. Ormerod var. antiquensis T.Green Rhyncostylis Spathoglottis palawanensis gigantea (Lindl.) Lubag-Arquiza Ridl. Spathoglottis philippinensis Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Blume Lubag- Arquiza Robiquetia Spathoglottis plicata Blume Robiquetia cerina (Rchb.f.) Spathoglottis tomentosa Lindl. Garay Spathoglottis vanoverberghii Robiquetia compressa (Lindl.) Ames Schltr. Spathoglottis x parsonsii (Ames Robiquetia discolor (Rchb.f.) & Quisumb.) Ames & Quisumb. Seidenf. & Garay Spiranthes Spiranthes sinensis (Pers.) Ames Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology Vol. I, No. 1 (June 2007)

Stereosandra Thrixspermum fantasticum Stereosandra javanica Blume L.O.Williams Taeniophyllum Thrixspermum hystrix (Blume) Taeniophyllum copelandii Ames Rchb.f. Taeniophyllum elmeri Ames Thrixspermum integrum Taeniophyllum leytense Ames L.O.Williams Taeniophyllum merrillii Ames Thrixspermum ligulatum Taeniophyllum philippinense L.O.Williams Rchb.f. Thrixspermum linearifolium Ames Taeniophyllum saccatum Thrixspermum merguense L.O.Williams (Hook.f.) Kuntze Tainia Thrixspermum pensile Schltr. Tainia elmeri Ames Thrixspermum quinquelobum Thecostele Ames Thecostele alata (Roxb.) Parish & Thrixspermum robinsonii Ames Rchb.f. Thrixspermum rostratum Ames Thelasis Thrixspermum subulatum (Blume) Thelasis capitata Blume Rchb.f. Thelasis carinata Blume Thrixspermum vanoverberghii Thelasis micrantha (Brongn.) Ames J.J.Sm. Thrixspermum weberi Ames Thelasis obtusa Blume Thrixspermum wenzelii Ames Thelasis pygmaea (Griff.) Blume Trichoglottis Thelymitra Trichoglottis agusanensis Ames & Thelymitra javanica Blume Quisumb. Thrixspermum Trichoglottis amesiana Thrixspermum acuminatissimum L.O.Williams (Blume) Rchb.f. Trichoglottis apoensis T.Hashim. Thrixspermum agusanense Ames Trichoglottis atropurpurea Rchb.f. Thrixspermum amesianum Trichoglottis bataanensis Ames L.O.Williams Trichoglottis bicruris Kraenzl Thrixspermum amplexicaule Trichoglottis brachystachya (Blume) Rchb.f. (Kraenzl) Garay Thrixspermum angustatum Trichoglottis calochila L.O.Williams L.O.Williams Thrixspermum centipede Lour. Trichoglottis fasciata Rchb.f. Thrixspermum croceum (Lindl.) Trichoglottis geminata (Teijsm. & Rchb.f. Binn.) J.J.Sm. Thrixspermum elmeri Trichoglottis guibertii (Linden & L.O.Williams Rchb.f.) Rchb.f. Thrixspermum elongatum Ames Trichoglottis intermedia Thrixspermum eximium L.O.Williams L.O.Williams Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology Vol. I, No. 1 (June 2007)

Trichoglottis ionosma (Lindl.) Tuberolabium J.J.Sm. Tuberolabium brevirhachis Trichoglottis latisepala Ames (L.O.Williams) J.J.Wood Trichoglottis latisepala Ames var. Tuberolabium escritorii (Ames) tricarinata T.Hashim. Garay Trichoglottis loheriana (Kraenzl) Tuberolabium kotoense Yamam. L.O.Williams Tuberolabium quisumbingii Trichoglottis luchuensis (Rolfe) (L.O.Williams) Christenson Garay & H.R.Sweet Tuberolabium rhopalorrhachis Trichoglottis luzonensis Ames (Rchb.f.) J.J.Wood Trichoglottis mindanaensis Ames Tuberolabium sarcochiloides Trichoglottis philippinensis Lindl. (Schltr.) Garay Trichoglottis rosea (Lindl.) Ames Vanda Trichoglottis solerederi Kraenzl Vanda javierae D.Tiu ex Fessel & Trichoglottis subviolacea (Llanos) Lückel Merr. Vanda lamellata Lindl. Trichoglottis tamesisii Quisumb. & Vanda cumingii Baxter in Loud. C.Schweinf. Vanda lamellata Lindl. var. boxallii Trichotosia Rchb.f. Trichotosia binabayensis (Ames) Vanda lamellata Lindl. var. Kraenzl remediosiae Ames & Quisumb. Trichotosia fusca (Blume) Teijsm. Vanda limbata Blume & Binn. Vanda luzonica Loher ex Rolfe Trichotosia halconensis (Ames) Vanda merrillii Ames & Quisumb. Kraenzl Vanda roeblingiana Rolfe Trichotosia hirsutipetala (Ames) Vanda sanderiana Rchb.f. Schuit. & de Vogel Vanda sanderiana var. immaculata Trichotosia lagunensis (Ames) Golamco Schuit. & de Vogel Vanda scandens Holttum Trichotosia leytensis (Ames) Vanda ustii Golamco, Claustro & Schuit. & de Vogel de Mesa Trichotosia mcgregorii (Ames) Vandopsis Schuit. & de Vogel Vandopsis lissochiloides (Gaudich.) Trichotosia odorifera (Leav.) Pfitzer in Engl. & Prantl Kraenzl Vanilla Trichotosia ramosii (Leav.) Kraenzl Vanilla calopogon Rchb.f. Trichotosia vulpina (Rchb.f.) Vanilla ovalis Blanco Kraenzl Vanilla speciosa Boxall ex Náves Tropidia Vrydagzynea Tropidia angulosa (Lindl.) Blume Vrydagzynea albida (Blume) Blume Tropidia mindanaensis Ames Vrydagzynea vrydagzynoides Tropidia mindorensis Ames (Ames) Ormerod Tropidia robinsonii Ames Vrydagzynea weberi Ames Tropidia septemnervis (Schauer) Rchb.f. Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology Vol. I, No. 1 (June 2007)

Zeuxine Zeuxine affinis (Lindl.) Benth. ex Hook.f. Zeuxine elmeri (Ames) Ames Zeuxine flava (Wall. Ex Lindl.) Benth. ex Hook.f. Zeuxine lancifolia (Ames) Ormerod Zeuxine leytensis (Ames) Ames Zeuxine marivelensis (Ames) Schltr. Zeuxine nervosa (Wall. Ex Lindl.) Trimen Zeuxine parvifolia (Ridl.) Ridl. ex K.Schum. & Fedde Zeuxine philippinensis (Ames) Ames Zeuxine strateumatica (L.) Schltr.