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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-64673-4 - Green Plants: Their Origin and Diversity: Second Edition Peter R. Bell and Alan R. Hemsley Index More information Index “A” tubule, 20 alga, 5, 15, 17, 19, 115, 131 Aneurophyton, 218 Abies, 236, 237 algin, 87 Angiopteris, 176, 177, 179, 205, 249 venusta, 236 alginic acid, 20, 87 evecta, 177–179 abscisin (abscisic acid), 57, 128, 204, aliphatic compounds, 11, 12, 40 angiosperm (flowering plant), 5, 17, 284 Alismataceae, 312 139, 140, 141, 181, 221, 226, 241, abscission, 280, 284 alkaloid, 316 259, 260, 268, 269, 303, 310 abscission mechanism, 144, 280 allelopathy, 283 anisogamy, 14, 39, 41, 42, 46, 55, 56, Acacia, 277, 278, 311 Allium, 289 58, 81, 86, 96, 100 sphaerocephala, 313 cepa, 273 anisophylly, 154 Acanthaceae, 287 allophycocyanin, 24 annual plant, 270 accessory transfusion tissue, 247 allopolyploidy, 148, 314 annual ring, 231, 245 Acer saccharinum, 277 allotetraploid, 211 annulus, 120, 125, 126, 173, 197, 198, Acetabularia, 57, 59, 60 alloxanthin, 96 211–213 mediterranea, 57 Alnus, 282, 285, 294 Anogramma leptophylla, 203 acetolysis, 17, 65, 168, 205, 287 alpine region, 165, 230, 283 ant, 190, 311, 313 acid bog, 117 alternation of generations (life cycle), Antarctica, 27, 45, 102, 111 aconitine, 283 13, 136 anther, 12, 285, 288, 292, 293 Aconitum napellus, 283 Amaryllidaceae, 292 antheridiogen, 203 Acorus (sweet flag), 304 Amazonian rain forest, 189, 271, 275, antheridiophore, 105–107 acrocarpous mosses, 123 282 antheridium Acrochaete, 54 Amborella, 307 (Algae), 33, 34, 44, 50, 51, 64, 67, 69, acrostichoid sorus, 196, 198 ameristic, 203, 204 79, 80, 89, 91, 92 actin, 10, 42, 66, 294 amino acid, 103, 315 (Bryophyta), 104, 105, 107, 112, actinostele, 142 ammonium thiocyanate, 315 114–116, 119, 120 activated charcoal, 129 amoeba, 27 (Equisetopsida), 169 Adriatic, 45, 82 amoeboid form, 39, 76, 77, 94 (Lycopodiopsida), 152, 157, 161 adventive embryony, 301 Amphidium klebsii, 95 (Polypodiopsida), 178, 182, 184, 187, aegagropilous habit, 56 amphigastrium, 111 189, 203, 207, 214 Aegopodium podagraria, 272 amphiphloic stele, 155, 192 (Protracheophytes), 136 aerenchyma, 144, 150 Amphiroa, 36 (Rhyniophyta), 132 aerial root, 281, 282 Amphiscolops, 95 antherocyte, 107 aerophore, 230, 282 amphithecium, 125 antherozoid, 15, 44, 92 aerosol, 20, 94 amylopectin, 30 Anthoceros, 115–117, 133, 137, 154, 187 Aesculus, 315 amyloplast, 6, 58, 205 laevis, 117 Africa, 226 Anabaena, 25, 27, 29 Anthocerotales, 115 after ripening, 300 azollae, 212, 214 Anthocerotopsida, 102, 115 et seq. agamospory, 209 flosaquae, 29 anthophyte, 5, 140, 141, 302 agar, 31 anatropous (ovule), 287, 290, 304 antibody, 90, 103, 296 Agathis australis, 230, 238 Ancylonema, 61 antigen, 103 agglutinin, 41 Andreaea, 120 antipodal cells, 289, 290 Aglaophyton, 136, 137 nivalis, 118 antithetic life cycle, 14, 138 Aglaozonia, 86 Andreaeales, 120 Aphanochaete, 49 Agrostis tenuis, 315 Andreaeobryum, 121 polychaete, 49 air bladder, 89, 90, 99, 227, 235 androecium, 291, 292 aphlebia, 173, 175 chamber, 105–107, 159 Andropogon bicornis, 13 apical bud, 270, 271, 273, 283, 284 space, 12, 17, 126, 142, 279 androspore, 50 cell, 26, 33, 66, 68, 86, 92, 109, 118, akinete, 28 Anemia, 197 122, 155, 159, 163, 166, 181, 186, Alcaligenes, 281 phylliditis, 197 188, 191, 194, 212 alder, 282 Anemone nemorosa, 285 dominance, 284 Alethopteris, 225, 226 Aneurophytales, 140, 218 initials, 150, 242 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-64673-4 - Green Plants: Their Origin and Diversity: Second Edition Peter R. Bell and Alan R. Hemsley Index More information 332 INDEX apical bud (cont.) Artocarpus, 285 Australia, 4, 28, 87, 129, 142, 165, 201, meristem, 90, 110, 144, 160, 187, ascidian, 38 241, 275, 300 230, 233, 247, 272 Ascocyclus, 84 autoecy, 130 Apium, 295 ascomycete, 37 autogamy, 83 aplanospore, 41, 46, 52, 53, 55, 78, Ascophyllum, 89 autosome, 114 80 nodosum, 90 autotetraploid, 211 apogamy, 14, 83, 86, 89, 92, 101, 130, asexual reproduction, 14, 38, 39 autotroph, 1, 72 153, 158, 161, 209 (Angiosperms), 300 auxiliary cell, 34 “apogamy factor”, 130 (Bacillariophyta), 82 auxin, 155, 156, 194, 208, 284 apomixis, 33, 35, 300, 301 (Bryophyta), 102, 104, 110, 114, 119, auxospore, 82, 101 apophysis, 125, 126 128 axillary branching, 270 apoplastic space, 103, 166 (Chlorophyta), 39, 41, 43, 46, 49, 50, axoneme, 21, 82 apoplastic transport, 192 52, 54–56, 58, 62, 65, 67, 71 Azolla, 27, 212, 214 apoptosis, 119 (Chrysophyta), 75, 77 filiculoides, 214, 216 apospory, 51, 89, 101, 129, 209 (Cryptophyta), 96 apple, 299 (Cyanophyta), 28 “B” tubule, 20 Arabidopsis, 281, 284, 295 (Dinophyta), 94, 96 Bacillariophyta, 22, 23, 80 et seq. arabinogalactan protein (AGP), 111, (Equisetales), 165 bacteriochlorophyll, 2, 10 294 (Euglenophyta), 71, 73 bacteriocide, 45, 105 arabinose, 41 (Haptophyta), 93, 94 bacteriophage, 24 Araceae, 304, 313 (Lycopodiopsida), 153, 161 bacterium, 2, 4, 7, 10, 279, 281 Araucaria, 227, 230, 235–237 (Phaeophyta), 83, 84, 86, 89, 92 baeocyte, 28 araucana, 227, 232, 237, 240 (Polypodiopsida), 179, 183, 187, 191, Bahamas, 30 Araucariaceae, 232, 235, 241 207 balsam, 279 araucarian pitting, 227, 231, 255 (Rhodophyta), 32, 34 bamboo, 87, 305 Archaeanthus, 306, 308, 309 (Xanthophyta), 77, 80 Bangia, 32, 33, 36 Archaeocalamites, 163 ash tree, 272, 299 Bangiophycidae, 31, 33, 36 Archaeofructus, 303 aspartic acid, 24 Banksia, 285, 300 Archaeopteridales, 140, 218 aspen, 11 Bar of Sanio, 231 Archaeopteris, 218 Aspidistra, 294 Baragwanathia, 142, 145 halliana, 219 Asplenium, 211, 213 Barinophytales, 140 Archaeosperma, 219 aethiopicum, 210 Barinophyton, 141, 144 arnoldii, 220 alternifolium, 211 barium sulfate, 61, 67 Archaeozoic, 4, 5 mannii, 194 Barrandeina, 229 archegoniophore, 105, 107 nidus, 195 basal body, 21, 41, 65–67, 70, 71 archegonium, 15, 70, 131, 139, 172 septentrionale, 211 bat, 293 (Bryophyta), 102, 104, 107, 112–116, trichomanes, 211 Batrachospermum, 33–35, 170 119–121, 123 trichomanes subsp. quadrivalens, 211 bean, 282 (Equisetales), 169 Asteraceae, 272, 285, 288, 299, 312 Beania gracilis, 245 (Gymnosperms), 222, 223, 228, 235, Asterella, 106 Bellis perennis, 312 238, 243, 244, 250, 251, 266 Asterionella, 82, 83 Belt’s corpuscle, 313 (Lycopodiopsida), 147, 152, 157, 161 Asteroxylon, 142, 145 Bennettitales, 140, 141, 220, 221, 226, (Polypodiopsida), 178, 179, 187, 189, Athyrium, 207, 213 245, 252, 255, 257, 268, 302, 207, 214 filix-femina, 209 303 (Protracheophytes), 136–138 yokoscense, 191 Bensonites, 173 archesporium, 109, 116, 119–121, 168, atmospheric sulfur, 20 benthos, 19, 66, 81 222 ATP, 12, 21 berry, 299 arctic region, 117, 165, 167 ATPase, 20 Betula (birch), 294 Arctium, 299 Atropa, 281 biliprotein, 2, 24, 30, 36, 38, 39, 96, 98 areola, 279, 280 atropine, 281 billiard ball, 298 arginine, 24 Aulacomnium androgynum, 128, 129, binding site, 90 aril, 235, 240, 289 139 bindweed, 272 Aristolochiaceae, 305 Aureococcus, 75 bioluminescence, 96 arrowroot, 277 Australasia, 102, 128, 230 birthwort, 305 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-64673-4 - Green Plants: Their Origin and Diversity: Second Edition Peter R. Bell and Alan R. Hemsley Index More information INDEX 333 bisporic embryo sac, 289, 290 burdock, 299 capitulum, 312 Bjuvia simplex, 245, 246 butcher’s broom, 278 Capsella bursa-pastoris, 297, 298 blade, 88 button, 298 capsule, 103, 104, 109, 110, 112–114, Blasia, 133 buttress root, 281 118, 119, 124–126, 132, 133, 299 pusilla, 114 Butumia marginalis, 274 carbohydrate, 6, 12, 298, 316 Blechnum spicant, 195 Buxbaumia aphylla, 103 metabolism, 202 Blepharostoma, 111 “buzz pollination”, 293 carbon dioxide, 11, 51, 135, 160, 190, bloom (algal), 27, 29, 45 277, 316 blue-green algae, 24, 76, 81, 98, 245 C3 plant, 6, 280 Carboniferous period, 5, 114, 115, 132, body (spermatogenous) cell, 238, 244, C4 plant, 6, 20, 58, 190, 280 142, 143, 146, 147, 158, 163, 164, 251, 266 cabbage, 296 170–173, 179, 218, 220, 223, 226, bog myrtle, 282 Caia, 135 228, 229, 241, 245 bordered pit, 161, 181, 183, 221, 227, Calamitales, 140, 163, 164 carboxylation, reductive, 6 231, 242, 247 Calamites, 163 carboxysome, 24, 38 Botrychium, 180, 181, 183, 247 Calamocarpon, 163 carcinogen, 191 lunaria, 180, 181 Calamophyton, 170, 171 Cardiocarpus, 228 virginianum, 184 Calamostachys, 163 Cardiomanes reniforme, 194 Botrydium, 79, 80 binneyana, 164 Caribbean, 96 granulatum, 79 ludwigi, 164 carinal canal, 165–167 Botryococcus, 45 calcium, 21, 41, 91 carotene Botryopteris, 172, 176 carbonate, 27, 31, 56, 58, 66, 68, 80, ␣, 30, 38, 39, 56, 96 forensis, 176 93 ␤, 24, 30, 38, 39, 56, 71, 75, 77, 80, Bowenia, 245, 247 oxalate, 247, 277 93, 94, 102, 138 Bowmanites, 165 California, 230 ⑀, 80, 96 brachycyte, 128 Californian lilac, 282 carotenoid, 2, 3, 39, 56, 68, 71 bract, 163, 229, 234–236, 260, 265, Callistophytales, 221, 226 carpel, 5, 269, 287, 291–293, 299, 267, 281 Callistopteris baueriana, 207 302–304, 306–309 Brassica, 296 Callitriche (starwort), 295 carpogonium, 32–34 juncea, 315 Callixylon, 218, 219, 311 carposporangium, 35 brassicosteroid, 284 callose, 58, 62, 89, 122, 151, 199, 204, carpospore, 35, 36 brevetoxin, 96 275, 286, 289, 294, 296 carposporophyte, 34, 35 bristlecone pine, 230 Calluna, 270 carrageen, 31 broad bean, 300 Calobryales, 105, 115, 121, 133 carrot, 281 Bromeliaceae, 315 Caloda, 306 Caryophyllaceae, 292, 299 broomrape, 313 Calvin (C3) cycle, 6 Casparian strip, 151, 155, 185, 192, brown algae, 20, 83 et seq. Calycanthaceae, 305 283
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  • Ferns and Fern Allies

    Ferns and Fern Allies

    PTERIDOPHYTES Ferns and Fern Allies The Pteridophytes (seedless vascular plants) consist of 4 Divisions circa 1993 (Flora of NA, V. 1) due to their similarities (discussed below) in anatomy and morphology and their differences from higher seed plants*. World-wide there are about 25 families, 255+ 1- Lycopodiophyta (Club-Mosses) genera, and perhaps 10,000+ species. In North America there are about 77 genera and 440+ 2- Psilotophyta (Whisk Ferns) species (Flora of North America, V.2). – see 3- Equisetophyta (Horsetails) next slide for more information. 4- Polypodiophyta (True Ferns) Reproduction is by spores (also by vegetative or asexual means) - no true flowers, fruits or seeds are present. They exhibit a life cycle of alternation of generations (sporophyte and gametophyte). The sporophyte generation is the larger phase that we commonly see in the field and produces haploid spores by meiosis. These spores disseminate mostly by wind (sometimes water), produce a Prothallus (gametophyte generation), a very small, free-living or independent phase, that produces both sperm (from antheridia) and eggs (from archegonia) – gametes or sex cells. The sperm swims to the egg on its own prothallus or on another (water must be present in most cases) and fertilization results with the production of the diploid generation from which a new sporophyte generation is produced. *Botanists today, due to DNA studies and many additional examples, believe that the Lycophytes branched early (forming a distinct Clade or branch of a phylogenetic tree) and the Pteridophytes form another later distinct Clade (or branch) that is closer to the seed plants (a revised classification is below).
  • Rare Or Threatened Vascular Plant Species of Wollemi National Park, Central Eastern New South Wales

    Rare Or Threatened Vascular Plant Species of Wollemi National Park, Central Eastern New South Wales

    Rare or threatened vascular plant species of Wollemi National Park, central eastern New South Wales. Stephen A.J. Bell Eastcoast Flora Survey PO Box 216 Kotara Fair, NSW 2289, AUSTRALIA Abstract: Wollemi National Park (c. 32o 20’– 33o 30’S, 150o– 151oE), approximately 100 km north-west of Sydney, conserves over 500 000 ha of the Triassic sandstone environments of the Central Coast and Tablelands of New South Wales, and occupies approximately 25% of the Sydney Basin biogeographical region. 94 taxa of conservation signiicance have been recorded and Wollemi is recognised as an important reservoir of rare and uncommon plant taxa, conserving more than 20% of all listed threatened species for the Central Coast, Central Tablelands and Central Western Slopes botanical divisions. For a land area occupying only 0.05% of these divisions, Wollemi is of paramount importance in regional conservation. Surveys within Wollemi National Park over the last decade have recorded several new populations of signiicant vascular plant species, including some sizeable range extensions. This paper summarises the current status of all rare or threatened taxa, describes habitat and associated species for many of these and proposes IUCN (2001) codes for all, as well as suggesting revisions to current conservation risk codes for some species. For Wollemi National Park 37 species are currently listed as Endangered (15 species) or Vulnerable (22 species) under the New South Wales Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995. An additional 50 species are currently listed as nationally rare under the Briggs and Leigh (1996) classiication, or have been suggested as such by various workers. Seven species are awaiting further taxonomic investigation, including Eucalyptus sp.
  • Species List For: Labarque Creek CA 750 Species Jefferson County Date Participants Location 4/19/2006 Nels Holmberg Plant Survey

    Species List For: Labarque Creek CA 750 Species Jefferson County Date Participants Location 4/19/2006 Nels Holmberg Plant Survey

    Species List for: LaBarque Creek CA 750 Species Jefferson County Date Participants Location 4/19/2006 Nels Holmberg Plant Survey 5/15/2006 Nels Holmberg Plant Survey 5/16/2006 Nels Holmberg, George Yatskievych, and Rex Plant Survey Hill 5/22/2006 Nels Holmberg and WGNSS Botany Group Plant Survey 5/6/2006 Nels Holmberg Plant Survey Multiple Visits Nels Holmberg, John Atwood and Others LaBarque Creek Watershed - Bryophytes Bryophte List compiled by Nels Holmberg Multiple Visits Nels Holmberg and Many WGNSS and MONPS LaBarque Creek Watershed - Vascular Plants visits from 2005 to 2016 Vascular Plant List compiled by Nels Holmberg Species Name (Synonym) Common Name Family COFC COFW Acalypha monococca (A. gracilescens var. monococca) one-seeded mercury Euphorbiaceae 3 5 Acalypha rhomboidea rhombic copperleaf Euphorbiaceae 1 3 Acalypha virginica Virginia copperleaf Euphorbiaceae 2 3 Acer negundo var. undetermined box elder Sapindaceae 1 0 Acer rubrum var. undetermined red maple Sapindaceae 5 0 Acer saccharinum silver maple Sapindaceae 2 -3 Acer saccharum var. undetermined sugar maple Sapindaceae 5 3 Achillea millefolium yarrow Asteraceae/Anthemideae 1 3 Actaea pachypoda white baneberry Ranunculaceae 8 5 Adiantum pedatum var. pedatum northern maidenhair fern Pteridaceae Fern/Ally 6 1 Agalinis gattingeri (Gerardia) rough-stemmed gerardia Orobanchaceae 7 5 Agalinis tenuifolia (Gerardia, A. tenuifolia var. common gerardia Orobanchaceae 4 -3 macrophylla) Ageratina altissima var. altissima (Eupatorium rugosum) white snakeroot Asteraceae/Eupatorieae 2 3 Agrimonia parviflora swamp agrimony Rosaceae 5 -1 Agrimonia pubescens downy agrimony Rosaceae 4 5 Agrimonia rostellata woodland agrimony Rosaceae 4 3 Agrostis elliottiana awned bent grass Poaceae/Aveneae 3 5 * Agrostis gigantea redtop Poaceae/Aveneae 0 -3 Agrostis perennans upland bent Poaceae/Aveneae 3 1 Allium canadense var.