DOCSLIB.ORG

Handbook on UN Multidimensional Peacekeeping Operations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Handbook on UN Multidimensional Peacekeeping Operations Handbook on United Nations Multidimensional Peacekeeping Operations Peacekeeping Best Practices Unit Department of Peacekeeping Operations United Nations December 2003 This publication has been made possible by the generous support of the Governments of the United Kingdom and Germany. The Department of Peacekeeping Operations would like to thank each part of the United Nations family that provided material for and reviewed chapters of the Handbook. Copyright © United Nations 2003 This publication enjoys copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, governmental authorities of Member States may freely photocopy any part of this publication for exclusive use within their training institutes. However, no portion of this publication may be reproduced for sale or mass publication without the express consent, in writing, of the Peacekeeping Best Practices Unit/Department of Peacekeeping Operations. Any comments or questions concerning this publication may be addressed to: Peacekeeping Best Practices Unit Department of Peacekeeping Operations Rm. S-3640, United Nations New York, NY 10017 USA Fax: 1-917-367-5365 E-mail: [email protected] CONTENTS Foreword vii Acronyms ix Introduction 1 I: The Special Representative of the Secretary-General 9 II: Political Affairs 23 III: Civil Affairs 35 IV: Public Information 45 V: Military 55 VI: Mine Action Assistance 71 VII: Police, Judiciary and Corrections Aspects of Rule of Law 83 VIII: Human Rights 101 IX: Gender Mainstreaming 113 X: Administration and Support 125 XI: Security and Safety of Staff 135 XII: Electoral Assistance 147 XIII: Humanitarian Assistance 159 XIV: Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons 169 XV: The World Bank in Post-Conflict Reconstruction 183 XVI: Recovery, Development and Sustainable Peace 199 Foreword As peacekeeping has evolved, particularly since the late 1980s, a growing number of United Nations peacekeeping operations have become multidimensional in nature, composed of a range of components, including military, civilian police, political affairs, rule of law, human rights, humanitarian, reconstruction, public information and gender. There are also a number of areas, such as mission support and security and safety of personnel, that remain essential to peacekeeping regardless of a particular mission’s mandate. This Handbook, which is also available on CD-ROM, is intended to serve as an introduction to the different components of multidimensional peacekeeping operations. It is not intended to provide strategic or policy guidance. Rather, it is intended to provide field personnel who are new to the United Nations, or who are being deployed to one of our multidimensional peacekeeping operations for the first time, with general background on the responsibilities of each component of our operations and how these fit together to form the whole. We have tried to make the Handbook as brief and practical as possible, while doing justice to the broad areas of work in which many of our operations are engaged. We hope to update the electronic version of the Handbook periodically and look forward to receiving your comments and questions. All of us in the Department of Peacekeeping Operations wish you the very best as you embark on your new assignment in the field. Jean-Marie Guéhenno Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations November 2003 ACRONYMS ACABQ Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions ADB Asian Development Bank APM anti-personnel landmines APMBT Antipersonnel Mine Ban Treaty ATM anti-tank mine CAO chief administrative officer CAP consolidated appeals process CAS country assistance strategy CAT Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment CCA common country assessment CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women CERD International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination CG consultative group CMIC civil-military coordination cell CPIA country policy and institutional assessment CPR conflict prevention and reconstruction CRC Convention on the Rights of the Child DDA Department for Disarmament Affairs DDR disarmament, demobilization and reintegration DM Department of Management DOA director of administration DPA Department of Political Affairs DPI Department of Public Information DPKO Department of Peacekeeping Operations DRC Democratic Republic of the Congo DSRSG Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General EAD Electoral Assistance Division ECOSOC Economic and Social Council ECPS Executive Committee on Peace and Security ECHA Executive Committee on Humanitarian Affairs EMB electoral management body EOD explosive ordnance disposal ERC Emergency Relief Coordinator EU European Union FAO Food and Agricultural Organization FRY Federal Republic of Yugoslavia GICHD Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining HC humanitarian coordinator HI Handicap International HIPC highly indebted poor country ix IACG-MA Inter-Agency Coordination Group on Mine Action IASC Inter-Agency Standing Committee IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ICBL International Campaign to Ban Landmines ICCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ICESCR International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights ICR implementation completion report ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross ICSID International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes IDA International Development Association IDP internally displaced person IFC International Finance Corporation IFRC International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IMAS International Mine Action Standards IMF International Monetary Fund IMSMA Information Management System for Mine Action IMTF integrated mission task force IOM International Organization for Migration IPTF International Police Task Force JAM joint assessment mission JMAC joint mission analysis cell JLOC joint logistics operations centre JOC joint operations centre KFOR Kosovo Force LIS landmine impact survey MACC mine action coordination centre MAG Mines Advisory Group MIGA Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency MINURSO United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara MONUC United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo MoU memorandum of understanding MSF Médecins Sans Frontières NAM needs assessment mission NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NGO non-governmental organization NPA Norwegian Peoples Aid NSGT non-self-governing territory OAS Organization of American States OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OED Operations Evaluation Department OHCHR Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights OIOS Office of Internal Oversight Services OLA Office of Legal Affairs OMS Office of Mission Support ONUC United Nations Operations in the Congo OSCE Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe x PAD project appraisal document PCF post-conflict fund PRSP poverty reduction strategy paper RC resident coordinator ROE rules of engagement SAC Survey Action Centre SDS strategic deployment stocks SHIRBRIG Stand-by High Readiness Brigade SMT security management team SOFA status-of-forces agreement SOMA status-of-mission agreement SRSG Special Representative of the Secretary-General SFOR Stabilization Force TCC troop-contributing country TFET Trust Fund for East Timor TSS transitional support strategy UN United Nations UNAMA United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan UNAMET United Nations Mission in East Timor UNAMSIL United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone UNAVEM United Nations Angola Verification Mission UNDAF United Nations Development Framework UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEF United Nations Emergency Force UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNFICYP United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNIFEM United Nations Development Fund for Women UNIFIL United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon UNIKOM United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission UNMAS United Nations Mine Action Service UNMEE United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea UNMIBH United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina UNMIK United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo UNMISET United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor UNMOGIP United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan UNOPS United Nations Office for Projects Services UNOSOM United Nations Operation in Somalia UNPOS United Nations Political Office for Somalia UNPREDEP United Nations Preventive Deployment Force UNPROFOR United Nations Protection Force UNSAS United Nations Stand-by Arrangements System UNSECOORD United Nations Security Coordinator UNTAC United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia UNTAG United Nations Transition Assistance Group xi UNTAES United Nations Transitional Authority in Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium UNTAET United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor UNTSO United Nations Truce Supervision Organization UNV United Nations Volunteers USG Under-Secretary-General UNWRA United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East UXO unexploded ordnance VTF Voluntary Trust Fund for Assistance in Mine Action WFP World Food Programme WHO World Health Organization xii Handbook on UN Multidimensional Peacekeeping Operations INTRODUCTION The Need for Peacekeeping The United Nations (UN) was established on 24 October 1945 in the aftermath
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Textual Analysis of US Army and US Navy Recruiting Advertisements From
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2009 The changing face of the U.S. military: a textual analysis of U.S. Army and U.S. Navy recruiting advertisements from pre-9-11 to six years into the Iraq War Maryann M. Rowland Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Mass Communication Commons Recommended Citation Rowland, Maryann M., "The changing face of the U.S. military: a textual analysis of U.S. Army and U.S. Navy recruiting advertisements from pre-9-11 to six years into the Iraq War" (2009). LSU Master's Theses. 1151. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/1151 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE CHANGING FACE OF THE U.S. MILITARY: A TEXTUAL ANALYSIS OF U.S. ARMY AND U.S. NAVY RECRUITING ADVERTISEMENTS FROM PRE-9-11 TO SIX YEARS INTO THE IRAQ WAR A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Mass Communication in The Manship School of Mass Communication by Maryann Rowland B.A., University of Central Florida, 2006 May 2009 AKNOWLEDGMENTS The completion of this thesis would not have been possible without the help and support of many people.
    [Show full text]
  • Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre (KAIPTC) Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre (KAIPTC)
    Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre (KAIPTC) Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre (KAIPTC) “ Sicherheit und Entwicklung – zwei Seiten einer Medaille ? “ Werner Rauber, Head Peacekeeping Studies Department am KAIPTC Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre (KAIPTC) Vernetzte Sicherheit und Entwicklung in Afrika Das Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre (KAIPTC) in Accra / Ghana - Zielsetzung und Erfahrungen Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre (KAIPTC) Wo liegt Ghana? Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre (KAIPTC) Großfriedrichsburg Gebäude im Fort Großfriedrichsburg nach einer Vorgabe aus dem Jahre 1708 Gebäude im Fort Großfriedrichsburg im März 2009 Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre (KAIPTC) Jan 2004 2 Sep 2002 23 Sep 2003 Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre (KAIPTC) History 1998 Direktive zur Einrichtung des KAIPTC veröffentlicht 2001 Arbeitsbeginn Kommandant und Planungsstab Jan 2002 Deutschland gewährt eine Anschubfinanzierung von €2.6M Mar 2002 Zielvorgabe und Realisierungsplan erstellt May 2002 Großbritannien steigt in die Finanzierung mit ein. Sep 2002 Baubeginn unter deutscher Bauleitung Nov 2003 Phase 1 abgeschlossen (GE funding) Nov 2003 1. Kurs ( DDR ) am KAIPTC durchgeführt Jan 2004 Offizielle Eröffnung am 24. Januar 2004 Late 2005 Abschluss Phase 2 (UK/NL/IT funding) Ab 06/2006 Weiterentwicklung Organisations-/Managmentstruktur Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping TrainingMess Centre (KAIPTC)
    [Show full text]
  • Policy Issues
    Executive Board Second Regular Session Rome, 4–7 November 2013 POLICY ISSUES Agenda item 4 For approval WFP'S ROLE IN PEACEBUILDING IN TRANSITION SETTINGS EE Distribution: GENERAL WFP/EB.2/2013/4-A/Rev.1 25 October 2013 This document is printed in a limited number of copies. Executive Board documents are ORIGINAL: ENGLISH available on WFP’s Website (http://executiveboard.wfp.org). 2 WFP/EB.2/2013/4-A/Rev.1 NOTE TO THE EXECUTIVE BOARD This document is submitted to the Executive Board for approval. The Secretariat invites members of the Board who may have questions of a technical nature with regard to this document to contact the WFP staff focal points indicated below, preferably well in advance of the Board’s meeting. Director, OSZ*: Mr S. Samkange Email: [email protected] Chief, OSZPH**: Mr P. Howe Email: [email protected] Should you have any questions regarding availability of documentation for the Executive Board, please contact the Conference Servicing Unit (tel.: 066513-2645). * Policy, Programme, and Innovation Division ** Humanitarian Crises and Transitions Unit WFP/EB.2/2013/4-A/Rev.1 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Conflict is a leading cause of hunger. People in conflict-affected states are up to three times more likely to be undernourished than those living in countries at peace.1 To a lesser extent, hunger can contribute to violence by exacerbating tensions and grievances. WFP therefore has a strong interest and a potentially important role in supporting transitions towards peace. In recent years, the United Nations’ method for supporting countries emerging from conflict has shifted to a “whole-of-government” approach with a focus on national peacebuilding strategies and the New Deal for Engagement in Fragile States.
    [Show full text]
  • Eleanor Roosevelt Transcript of Speech on Human Rights 1951
    Eleanor Roosevelt Transcript of Speech on Human Rights 1951 Paragraph One: I’m very glad to be able to take part in this celebration in St. Louis on Human Rights Day. Ever since the declaration of human rights, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, was passed in Paris in 1948 on December the 10th , we have fostered the observance of this day not only in the United States but throughout the world. Paragraph Two: The object is to make people everywhere conscious of the importance of human rights and freedoms. Paragraph Three: The reason for that is that these are spoken of and emphasized in the Charter of the United Nations, and the declaration was written to elaborate the rights already mentioned in the charter and to emphasize also, for all of us, the fact that the building of human rights would be one of the foundation stones, on which we would build in the world, an atmosphere in which peace can grow. Paragraph Four: For that reason, all over the world we’ve encouraged the Association for the United Nations to observe a whole week before United Nations Day comes around to explain the United Nations and what goes on in that organization and when we come to the celebration for human rights we try to particularly have people study the declaration so that they will really understand what were considered to be the most essential rights for all people to have throughout the world. Paragraph Five: They fall into different groups and one reason that we are now considering the writing of a covenant or covenants is because we feel that these rights should sometimes be actually written into the laws of countries throughout the world, and that can be done by the adoption of covenants and the changing of laws to meet whatever a country has accepted in a covenant which will be written in treaty form.
    [Show full text]
  • U.N. Peacekeeping Operations in Africa
    U.N. Peacekeeping Operations in Africa September 23, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45930 SUMMARY R45930 U.N. Peacekeeping Operations in Africa September 23, 2019 Many Members of Congress have demonstrated an interest in the mandates, effectiveness, and funding status of United Nations (U.N.) peacekeeping operations in Africa as an integral Luisa Blanchfield component of U.S. policy toward Africa and a key tool for fostering greater stability and security Specialist in International on the continent. As of September 2019, there are seven U.N. peacekeeping operations in Africa: Relations the U.N. Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Alexis Arieff Republic (MINUSCA), Specialist in African Affairs the U.N. Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA), the U.N. Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA), Lauren Ploch Blanchard Specialist in African Affairs the U.N. Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS), the U.N. Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO), the African Union-United Nations Mission in Darfur (UNAMID), and the U.N. Mission for the Organization of a Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO). The United States, as a permanent member of the U.N. Security Council, plays a key role in establishing, renewing, and funding U.N. peacekeeping operations, including those in Africa. For 2019, the U.N. General Assembly assessed the U.S. share of U.N. peacekeeping operation budgets at 27.89%; since the mid-1990s Congress has capped the U.S. payment at 25% due to concerns that the current assessment is too high. During the Trump Administration, the United States generally has voted in the Security Council for the renewal and funding of existing U.N.
    [Show full text]
  • The UN Works for International Peace and Security
    Did You Know? 7 Since 1945, the UN has assisted in negotiating more than 170 peace settlements that have ended regional conflicts. 7 The United Nations played a role in bringing about independence in more than 80 countries that are now sovereign nations. 7 Over 500 multinational treaties – on human rights, terrorism, international crime, refugees, disarmament, commodities and the oceans – have been enacted through the efforts of the United Nations. 7 The World Food Programme, the world’s largest humanitarian agency, reaches on average 90 million hungry people in 80 countries every year. 7 An estimated 90 per cent of global conflict-related deaths since 1990 have been civilians, and 80 percent of these have been women and children. 7 If each poor person on the planet had the same energy-rich lifestyle as an average person in Germany or the United Kingdom, four planets would be needed to safely cope with the pollution. That figure rises to nine planets when compared with the average of the United States or Canada. 07-26304—DPI/1888/Rev.3—August 2008—15M Everything You Always Wanted to Know About the United Nations FOR STUDENTS AT INTERMEDIATE AND SECONDARY LEVELS United Nations Department of Public Information New York, 2010 An introduction to the United Nations i Material contained in this book is not subject to copyright. It may be freely reproduced, provided acknowledgement is given to the UNITED NATIONS. For further information please contact: Visitors Services, Department of Public Information, United Nations, New York, NY 10017 Fax 212-963-0071; E-mail: [email protected] All photos by UN Photo, unless otherwise noted Published by the United Nations Department of Public Information Printed by the United Nations Publishing Section, New York Table of contents 1 Introduction to the United Nations .
    [Show full text]
  • Dag Hammarskjold's Role in the Development of Peacekeeping Revista Publicando, 5 No 16. (1). 2018, 606-616. ISSN 1390-9304
    Dag hammarskjold’s role in the development of peacekeeping Revista Publicando, 5 No 16. (1). 2018, 606-616. ISSN 1390-9304 Dag hammarskjold’s role in the development of peacekeeping 1 1 Vyacheslav A. Shagalov , Valeriy A. Letyaev , Yakov Ya. Grishin1, Marina M. Vladimirova1 1 Kazan Federal University, Institute of International Relations, History and Oriental Studies, [email protected] Abstract The issue under investigation is urgent as the modern world is experiencing widespread armed conflicts to settle which the United Nations is conducting peacekeeping operations, thus the study of the development of the concept of peacekeeping operations will now help find the most optimal form of such conduct. The purpose of the article is to study the process of the development of the concept of peacekeeping operations and the role of the Secretary-General of the United Nations Dag Hammarskjold in it. The article deals with the formation of the concept of peacekeeping operations, a major contribution to which was introduced by the second Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjold who held the post in 1953-1961. The authors examine the attempts carried out in the second half of the 1940s to create international military forces within the UN in order to respond to the threats to international peace and security. The cases of conflict resolution in the Middle East and in the Congo reveal the basic principles of Hammarskjold’s peacekeeping concept as well as his systemic approach to resolving local crises in the world. The materials of the article may be useful in discussing a possible reform of the concept of the UN peacekeeping operations.
    [Show full text]
  • ARTICLES in ACTION the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child in the UK School Context
    ARTICLES IN ACTION The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child in the UK school context. Unicef/Fields ABOUT THIS RESOURCE ▪ This resource illustrates how the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) can provide a powerful framework to help articulate a Slides 3 to 6 give more school’s vision, aims, ethos and everyday practice, alongside providing a details about the CRC common language that can be used by all stakeholders within the school and the school context. community. ▪ The resource focusses on the first 42 articles of the CRC (articles 43- Slide 7 explains how to 54 are about how adults and governments must work together to make sure all children can enjoy all their rights). use this resource. ▪ For each article some examples of links between the CRC article and the school context have been made in terms of the school’s strategic Slide 8 is an interactive work and with regard to pupil’s learning and engagement with the table of articles 1-42 wider world. followed by an individual slide for each ▪ Please note, whilst the Convention is relevant to all school settings (nursery, primary & secondary; mainstream and specialist provision) article. some of the suggested links may not be applicable for pupils of particular ages or school settings and therefore should be checked in advance by teachers before their use. © Unicef Rights Respecting Schools 2019 EVERY CHILD HAS RIGHTS... ▪ Every child has rights, whatever their ethnicity, gender, religion, language, abilities or any other status. ▪ The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (the Convention or CRC) is the most complete statement of children’s rights ever produced and is the most widely-ratified international human rights treaty in history.
    [Show full text]
  • Medical Support Manual for United Nations Peacekeeping Operations
    UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES MEDICAL SUPPORT MANUAL FOR UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS UNITED NATIONS DEPARTMENT OF PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS MEDICAL SUPPORT MANUAL FOR UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS 2nd Edition Medical Support Manual for United Nations Peacekeeping Operations (2nd Edition) The manual is distributed by the Department of Peace-keeping Operations/ Office of Planning & Support/ Medical Support Unit, New York, 1999. The first edition was issued in 1995 and has since been revised. Copyright © United Nations 1999 This document enjoys copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Member States’ governmental authorities may, however, photocopy this document for exclusive use within their training institutes. The number of this copy, which is shown at the end of this page, should be noted for future distribution of updates and amendments. No portion of this document may be reproduced for resale or mass publication without the expressed written consent of the Medical Support Unit. No part of the document may be stored in a retrieval system without the prior authorization of the Medical Support Unit. Any communications with regards to the above are to be directed to: DPKO/ OPS/ MSU Secretariat Building, Room 2200-E 1 United Nations Plaza New York, NY 10017, USA Phone: (212) 963-4147 Fax: (212) 963-2614 PREFACE General There has always been a requirement for a standard reference document on the medical support aspects of United Nations peacekeeping operations. To meet this requirement, the Medical Support Manual for United Nations Field Operations was published and distributed in 1995. This aimed to outline operational and procedural guidelines for medical support in the field.
    [Show full text]
  • Total Abolition in Bulgaria, Canada, Lithuania
    DEATH PENALTY DECEMBER 1998 NEWS AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL 1 Easton Street AI Index: ACT 53/01/99 London WC1X 8DJ Distribution: SC/DP/PO/CO/GR United Kingdom A QUARTERLY BULLETIN OF EVENTS ON THE DEATH PENALTY AND MOVES TOWARDS WORLDWIDE ABOLITION TOTAL ABOLITION IN BULGARIA, CANADA, LITHUANIA Bulgaria, Canada and Lithuania have abolished Under the amended Penal Code, the the death penalty for all crimes, bringing to 67 death penalty is replaced by life imprisonment the number of totally abolitionist countries. without possibility of commutation. As with the death penalty which it replaces, this penalty In other important developments in December cannot be Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan instituted imposed on women who were pregnant at the moratoria on executions, while the USA carried time out its 500th execution since 1977. In Rome, the of the offence or at the time of sentencing, Pope issued a strong call for abolition (see people stories on pages 2 - 4) younger than 20, or soldiers younger than 18 for military offences or offences committed in time On 10 December, Human Rights Day, the of war, for whom the maximum penalty is life National Assembly of Bulgaria voted to imprisonment with a possibility of commutation. abolish the death penalty from the Penal Code The death penalty was introduced in for all crimes. The vote represented the modern Bulgaria in 1896. A total of 915 people culmination of a process begun in July 1990 were executed between 1951 and 1989. The last when a moratorium on the death penalty was execution in Bulgaria was carried out on 4 introduced.
    [Show full text]
  • Ban Ki Moon 10DEZ15
    Quelle: United Nations: http://www.un.org/en/events/humanrightsday/sgmessage.shtml (11.12.2015) Statement von Ban Ki-Moon anlässlich des 10. Dezember 2015 Amid large-scale atrocities and widespread abuses across the world, Human Rights Day should rally more concerted global action to promote the timeless principles that we have collectively pledged to uphold. In a year that marks the 70th anniversary of the United Nations, we can draw inspiration from the history of the modern human rights movement, which emerged from the Second World War. At that time, President Franklin D. Roosevelt of the United States identified four basic freedoms as the birthright of all people: freedom of expression, freedom of worship, freedom from want and freedom from fear. His wife, Eleanor Roosevelt, joined forces at the United Nations with human rights champions from around the world to enshrine these freedoms in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Today’s extraordinary challenges can be seen – and addressed – through the lens of the four freedoms. First: freedom of expression, which is denied to millions of people and increasingly under threat. We must defend, preserve and expand democratic practices and space for civil society. That is essential to lasting stability. Second: freedom of worship. Around the world, terrorists have hijacked religion, betraying its spirit by killing in its name. Others are targeting religious minorities and exploiting fears for political gain. In response, we must promote respect for diversity based on the fundamental equality of all people and the right to freedom of religion. Third: freedom from want still plagues so much of humankind.
    [Show full text]
  • RECRUITING for DIFFERENCE and DIVERSITY in the U.S. MILITARY by JEREMIAH B. FAVARA a DISSERTATION Presented to the School of J
    RECRUITING FOR DIFFERENCE AND DIVERSITY IN THE U.S. MILITARY by JEREMIAH B. FAVARA A DISSERTATION Presented to the School of Journalism and Communication and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 2017 DISSERTATION APPROVAL PAGE Student: Jeremiah B. Favara Title: Recruiting for Difference and Diversity in the U.S. Military This dissertation has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in the School of Journalism and Communication by: Carol Stabile Chair Gretchen Soderlund Core Member Christopher Chávez Core Member Dan HoSang Core Member CJ Pascoe Institutional Representative and Sara D. Hodges Interim Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School Original approval signatures on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School. Degree awarded September 2017. ii © 2017 Jeremiah B. Favara iii DISSERTATION ABSTRACT Jeremiah B. Favara Doctor of Philosophy School of Journalism and Communication September 2017 Title: Recruiting for Difference and Diversity in the U.S. Military After shifting to an all-volunteer force (AVF) in 1973, the U.S. military was forced to expand recruiting efforts beyond the ideal figure of the white male soldier in order to meet personnel needs. Shaped by the economic realities of the AVF, such recruiting efforts sought to show individuals historically excluded from military service, namely women and people of color, that there was a place for them in the military. The presence of women and people of color in recruitment materials contributes to ideals of citizenship and articulates understanding of gender, race, sexuality, and class in relation to military inclusion.
    [Show full text]