Handbook on United Nations Multidimensional Peacekeeping Operations Peacekeeping Best Practices Unit Department of Peacekeeping Operations United Nations December 2003 This publication has been made possible by the generous support of the Governments of the United Kingdom and Germany. The Department of Peacekeeping Operations would like to thank each part of the United Nations family that provided material for and reviewed chapters of the Handbook. Copyright © United Nations 2003 This publication enjoys copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, governmental authorities of Member States may freely photocopy any part of this publication for exclusive use within their training institutes. However, no portion of this publication may be reproduced for sale or mass publication without the express consent, in writing, of the Peacekeeping Best Practices Unit/Department of Peacekeeping Operations. Any comments or questions concerning this publication may be addressed to: Peacekeeping Best Practices Unit Department of Peacekeeping Operations Rm. S-3640, United Nations New York, NY 10017 USA Fax: 1-917-367-5365 E-mail: [email protected] CONTENTS Foreword vii Acronyms ix Introduction 1 I: The Special Representative of the Secretary-General 9 II: Political Affairs 23 III: Civil Affairs 35 IV: Public Information 45 V: Military 55 VI: Mine Action Assistance 71 VII: Police, Judiciary and Corrections Aspects of Rule of Law 83 VIII: Human Rights 101 IX: Gender Mainstreaming 113 X: Administration and Support 125 XI: Security and Safety of Staff 135 XII: Electoral Assistance 147 XIII: Humanitarian Assistance 159 XIV: Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons 169 XV: The World Bank in Post-Conflict Reconstruction 183 XVI: Recovery, Development and Sustainable Peace 199 Foreword As peacekeeping has evolved, particularly since the late 1980s, a growing number of United Nations peacekeeping operations have become multidimensional in nature, composed of a range of components, including military, civilian police, political affairs, rule of law, human rights, humanitarian, reconstruction, public information and gender. There are also a number of areas, such as mission support and security and safety of personnel, that remain essential to peacekeeping regardless of a particular mission’s mandate. This Handbook, which is also available on CD-ROM, is intended to serve as an introduction to the different components of multidimensional peacekeeping operations. It is not intended to provide strategic or policy guidance. Rather, it is intended to provide field personnel who are new to the United Nations, or who are being deployed to one of our multidimensional peacekeeping operations for the first time, with general background on the responsibilities of each component of our operations and how these fit together to form the whole. We have tried to make the Handbook as brief and practical as possible, while doing justice to the broad areas of work in which many of our operations are engaged. We hope to update the electronic version of the Handbook periodically and look forward to receiving your comments and questions. All of us in the Department of Peacekeeping Operations wish you the very best as you embark on your new assignment in the field. Jean-Marie Guéhenno Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations November 2003 ACRONYMS ACABQ Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions ADB Asian Development Bank APM anti-personnel landmines APMBT Antipersonnel Mine Ban Treaty ATM anti-tank mine CAO chief administrative officer CAP consolidated appeals process CAS country assistance strategy CAT Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment CCA common country assessment CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women CERD International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination CG consultative group CMIC civil-military coordination cell CPIA country policy and institutional assessment CPR conflict prevention and reconstruction CRC Convention on the Rights of the Child DDA Department for Disarmament Affairs DDR disarmament, demobilization and reintegration DM Department of Management DOA director of administration DPA Department of Political Affairs DPI Department of Public Information DPKO Department of Peacekeeping Operations DRC Democratic Republic of the Congo DSRSG Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General EAD Electoral Assistance Division ECOSOC Economic and Social Council ECPS Executive Committee on Peace and Security ECHA Executive Committee on Humanitarian Affairs EMB electoral management body EOD explosive ordnance disposal ERC Emergency Relief Coordinator EU European Union FAO Food and Agricultural Organization FRY Federal Republic of Yugoslavia GICHD Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining HC humanitarian coordinator HI Handicap International HIPC highly indebted poor country ix IACG-MA Inter-Agency Coordination Group on Mine Action IASC Inter-Agency Standing Committee IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ICBL International Campaign to Ban Landmines ICCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ICESCR International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights ICR implementation completion report ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross ICSID International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes IDA International Development Association IDP internally displaced person IFC International Finance Corporation IFRC International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IMAS International Mine Action Standards IMF International Monetary Fund IMSMA Information Management System for Mine Action IMTF integrated mission task force IOM International Organization for Migration IPTF International Police Task Force JAM joint assessment mission JMAC joint mission analysis cell JLOC joint logistics operations centre JOC joint operations centre KFOR Kosovo Force LIS landmine impact survey MACC mine action coordination centre MAG Mines Advisory Group MIGA Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency MINURSO United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara MONUC United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo MoU memorandum of understanding MSF Médecins Sans Frontières NAM needs assessment mission NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NGO non-governmental organization NPA Norwegian Peoples Aid NSGT non-self-governing territory OAS Organization of American States OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OED Operations Evaluation Department OHCHR Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights OIOS Office of Internal Oversight Services OLA Office of Legal Affairs OMS Office of Mission Support ONUC United Nations Operations in the Congo OSCE Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe x PAD project appraisal document PCF post-conflict fund PRSP poverty reduction strategy paper RC resident coordinator ROE rules of engagement SAC Survey Action Centre SDS strategic deployment stocks SHIRBRIG Stand-by High Readiness Brigade SMT security management team SOFA status-of-forces agreement SOMA status-of-mission agreement SRSG Special Representative of the Secretary-General SFOR Stabilization Force TCC troop-contributing country TFET Trust Fund for East Timor TSS transitional support strategy UN United Nations UNAMA United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan UNAMET United Nations Mission in East Timor UNAMSIL United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone UNAVEM United Nations Angola Verification Mission UNDAF United Nations Development Framework UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEF United Nations Emergency Force UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNFICYP United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNIFEM United Nations Development Fund for Women UNIFIL United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon UNIKOM United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission UNMAS United Nations Mine Action Service UNMEE United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea UNMIBH United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina UNMIK United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo UNMISET United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor UNMOGIP United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan UNOPS United Nations Office for Projects Services UNOSOM United Nations Operation in Somalia UNPOS United Nations Political Office for Somalia UNPREDEP United Nations Preventive Deployment Force UNPROFOR United Nations Protection Force UNSAS United Nations Stand-by Arrangements System UNSECOORD United Nations Security Coordinator UNTAC United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia UNTAG United Nations Transition Assistance Group xi UNTAES United Nations Transitional Authority in Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium UNTAET United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor UNTSO United Nations Truce Supervision Organization UNV United Nations Volunteers USG Under-Secretary-General UNWRA United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East UXO unexploded ordnance VTF Voluntary Trust Fund for Assistance in Mine Action WFP World Food Programme WHO World Health Organization xii Handbook on UN Multidimensional Peacekeeping Operations INTRODUCTION The Need for Peacekeeping The United Nations (UN) was established on 24 October 1945 in the aftermath