Creating Knowledge the La&S Student Research Journal, Vol

CREATING KNOWLEDGE THE LA&S STUDENT RESEARCH JOURNAL, VOL. 1 2 0 0 8KNOWLEDGE Creating Knowledge: The LA&S Student Research Journal Vol. 1, 2008 Editorial Board of Creating Knowledge: The LA&S Student Research Journal 2008 Student Editorial Board: Jessie Blandford Elissa Eaton Kaitland Hunter Sara Kopera Matthew Monahan Dominic Pileggi Caitlyn Schulze Amy Sparrow Matt Zuziak 2008 Faculty Editorial Board: Matthew Dintzner Ralph Erber Elizabeth Lillehoj Yuki Miyamoto Raphael Ogom Sarah Richardson Rose Spalding Creating Knowledge: The LA&S Student Research Journal, Vol. 1, 2008 Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................... 1 Letter from the Dean of LA&S, Charles Suchar ..................................................................................................2 Dedication Page ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Student Research ................................................................................................................................... 4 Humanities Riscarte Bayon, “The Multiethnic Qing Dynasty of China” ......................................................... 5 Jessie Blandford, “Am I Free?” ......................................................................................................... 7 Jamie Carlstone, “Community on the Frontier: The Relationship between Indians and Settlers during an Era of Change” ....................................................... 9 Emily Halberg, “The Creation of a Messiah” ............................................................................... 11 Alecia Koharcheck, “The Female Essence in Buddhist Art” ....................................................... 13 Chris Tompke, “The Ethics of Weapons of Mass Destruction” ................................................... 15 Natural Sciences Chelsea Carey , “The Impact of Corn (Zea mays) on Restoration Efforts in Buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica) Invaded Soils” ................................................................. 18 Vanessa Coffman, “Earthworm Impacts on Restoration Efforts in Buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica) Invaded Soils” ................................................................. 20 Don Gladish, “The Relevance of Global Warming in Latin America” ........................................ 23 Eric Leser, “Coordination Polymers and Networks of Phosphorous/ Nitrogen Cage Ligands with Copper Chloride” .................................................................... 26 Amanda Stenson,”Observations of Linear Polarization of Water Masers in Star-forming Regions” ............................................................................................................ 28 Adrienne Stich, “Search for Impact Triggered Fires at the End Pleistocene” ............................ 30 Heather Styka, “Butterflies and Citizen Monitoring as a Method for Researching Climate Change” ..................................................................................................................... 32 Ryan N. Wietholter, “Soil Decomposition Rates Following Carbon Amendment and the Physical Removal of an Invasive Shrub (Rhamnus cathartica) Determined by Cotton Strip Assay” ....................................................................................... 35 Social Sciences Andrew Buchwach, “A Commitment to Inaction: U.S. Rhetoric and Darfur” .......................... 38 Vanessa Cruz, “Immigration Status: Its Effects on Family Dynamics and Future Political Voices” ....................................................................................................................... 40 Lynwellyn H. Gudger, “Social Factors as Determinants of Health Perceptions: Voices from a Southern Chicago Community” ..................................................................... 42 Iram Ibrahim, “The Media, Bare Life, and the Other” ................................................................ 45 Lindsay Konieczny, “How Sources of Tobacco Vary Among Underage Smokers” .................... 47 Samuel H. Raymond, “’Top-Down’ Egyptian Economic Liberalization: Sinking or Swimming in Islamic Waters?” .......................................................................................... 49 Amanda Smith, “The Incubator: American Foreign Policy, the Afghanistan War and Al-Queda” ......................................................................................................................... 52 LA&S Students Creating Knowledge 1 Dear Students, Faculty Colleagues, and Friends, A little over a year ago, the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences committed itself to a number of new strategic initiatives that would reflect our commitment to enhance and enrich the academic quality of the student experience within the College. In league with the University’s Vision Twenty12 Strategic Plan, these initiatives were particularly aimed at improving upon the existing programs in the College and augmenting the opportunities for students to reach the very highest academic and career goals that they were capable of achieving. Chief among those was the initia- tive that we labeled “Students Creating Knowledge” – a set of strategies that would encourage students to become actively engaged in creating scholarship and research. Our goal was to empower students from all academic fields and disciplines to be better prepared to consider future careers that reflect the highest pursuits of a knowledgeable, experienced, and creative mind. The College charged a task force – aptly called the Task Force on “Students Creating Knowledge” – to find vari- ous means and methods of realizing these important aims and objectives. I am extremely pleased that the Task Force, led by Professor Ralph Erber, Associate Dean for Research in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, has brought to fruition a most worthy em- bodiment of our goals, aims and commitments – this student journal of scholarship and research. By sponsoring the publication of what we hope will be an annual showcase of student work, we aim to encourage students across the College and the University to understand that leadership within their disciplines requires them to not only be familiar with the knowledge base of the discipline, but to have the experience of being actively engaged in understanding how knowledge, creative work, and/or scientific discoveries are created through scholarship. I want to congratulate, first and foremost, the many student scholars whose work is featured in this journal. I also want to thank the students and faculty who helped make this publication possible – those who served on the editorial board that shaped this journal and who reviewed the many submissions of student work. In accomplishing this task all of you have participated in what is the heart of scholarship – the contributions to enabling and sustaining an intellectual community – one which we hope will lead you to make similar contributions beyond the College and DePaul University. To one and all, my most sincere congratulations and gratitude. Chuck Suchar Dean 2 Students Creating Knowledge This inaugural volume of Creating Knowledge: The LA&S Student Research Journal is dedicated to the graduating class of 2008. LA&S Students Creating Knowledge 3 HUMANITIES Ships on Music Sheet Ink and Watercolor on Paper, 2008 Andrew Lawrence 4 Students Creating Knowledge Riscarte Bayon1 tion of control in newly acquired lands. In fact, Nurhaci (1588- 1626), the founder of the Manchu regime, shifted his capital The Multiethnic Qing Dynasty of China seven times in keeping with his desire to be close to prospec- tive battlefields. It could be said that the three capitals of the Qing court Abstract: were Chengde (the summer capital for symbolic and prac- The Chinese empire of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1912) was based tical purposes); Peking (Beijing; the primary capital); and upon multiethnic coalitions ruled by Manchu emperors who ad- Shengjing (the symbolic “original” capital). Chengde was not dressed each of the groups that came under their rule in their own given an official designation as a capital, but its construction cultural vocabulary. This cultural awareness and emphasis on was undertaken to escape Peking’s summer heat. In addi- relating to all the groups within the empire allowed the Qing em- tion, the city of Mulan became important as an imperial site. perors to act as the integrating center of the empire. Chengde was symbolically the outer capital of the Qing empire where Mongols, Tibetans and Uighurs performed court rituals. The Chinese empire of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1912) was Mulan became the Qing imperial hunting preserve and was based upon multiethnic coalitions and rulers who addressed located directly north of Chengde. The preserve was off-limits each of the groups that came under their rule in their own to unauthorized individuals and was initially guarded by 800, cultural vocabulary. The Qing emperors were determined to and later by 1400, Manchu and Mongol bannermen in forty maintain and distinguish their own identity as Manchus, but outposts.4 they used images of rulership in keeping with the cultural pat- Mongol nobles were excused from an annual visit to pay terns of the Han and Inner Asian peoples thought to be their homage to the emperor in Peking because they were vulner- primary constituents. They addressed the Han Chinese literati able to smallpox and instead were invited to

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