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Infection and Immunity
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY VOLUME 56 0 JANUARY 1988 0 NUMBER 1 J. W. Shands, Jr., Editor in Chief Dexter H. Howard, Editor (1991) (1989) University of California University ofFlorida, Gainesville Peter F. Bonventre, Editor (1989) Los Angeles, Calif. Phillip J. Baker, Editor (1990) University of Cincinnati Stephen H. Leppla, Editor (1991) National Institute ofAllergy and Cincinnati, Ohio U.S. Army Medical Research Institute Infectious Diseases Roy Curtiss III, Editor (1990) of Infectious Diseases Bethesda, Md. Washington University Frederick, Md. Edwin H. Beachey, Editor (1988) St. Louis, Mo. Stephan E. Mergenhagen, Editor (1989) VA Medical Center National Institute ofDental Research Memphis, Tenn. Bethesda, Md. EDITORIAL BOARD Julia Albright (1989) Stanley Falkow (1988) Jerry R. McGhee (1988) Charles F. Schachtele (1988) Leonard t. Altman (1989) Joseph Ferretti (1989) Floyd C. McIntire (1988) Julius Schachter (1989) Michael A. Apicella (1988) Richard A. Finkelstein (1989) John Mekalanos (1989) Patrick Schlievert (1990) Neil R. Baker (1989) Vincent A. Fischetti (1989) Jiri Mestecky (1989) June R. Scott (1990) Alan Barbour (1989) David FitzGerald (1989) Suzanne M. Michalek (1989) Philip Scott (1988) John B. Bartlett (1988) Robert Fitzgerald (1989) David C. Morrison (1989) Gerald D. Shockman (1989) Joel B. Baseman (1988) James D. Folds (1988) Steven Mosely (1990) W. A. Simpson (1988) Robert E. Baughn (1990) Peter Gemski (1988) Antony J. Mukkada (1990) Phillip D. Smith (1988) Gary K. Best (1988) Robert Genco (1988) Robert S. Munford (1989) Ralph Snyderman (1988) Jenefer Blackwell (1988) Ronald J. Gibbons (1988) Juneann W. Murphy (1990) Maggie So (1989) Arnold S. Bleiweis (1990) Jon Goguen (1989) H. Nikaido (1989) P. Frederick Sparling (1990) William H. -
My Name Is Michael Mark Gottesman and My Position Is Deputy Director for Intramural Research at the National Institutes of Health
NHGRI: OH_Gottesman_Michael_20111113 1 3/1/16 My name is Michael Mark Gottesman and my position is deputy director for intramural research at the National Institutes of Health. I was born on October 7, 1946 in Jersey City, New Jersey. And when I was around two years old, my family moved to Flushing, Queens, and I had most of my formative years growing up in Flushing. I cannot remember a time when I wasn’t interested in science. Probably the first interaction with issues related to public health was as one of many probably millions of children in the United States who got the Salk vaccine as a -- as a test. I remember lining up, they explained to us that this was a trial, and we all got shots, which was not that much fun for a six-year-old or a seven-year-old. And that was a huge sea change. I remember learning about the fact that before then people got polio, kids got polio. They wandered off to camp, they came back paralyzed. And after that period, we didn’t need to worry about polio. So I had the sense that there was a lot that biomedical research could do to alleviate human disease. The next big event scientifically in my life was the launch of Sputnik in 1957, and it was a wake-up call to the United States. We were so-called “falling behind” in the space race, and I was an eleven-year-old boy who was interested in space science. So I spent my childhood after that making rockets, probably not as safely as it should have been, but no unfortunate accidents befell me. -
CURRICULUM VITAE George M. Weinstock, Ph.D
CURRICULUM VITAE George M. Weinstock, Ph.D. DATE September 26, 2014 BIRTHDATE February 6, 1949 CITIZENSHIP USA ADDRESS The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine 10 Discovery Drive Farmington, CT 06032 [email protected] phone: 860-837-2420 PRESENT POSITION Associate Director for Microbial Genomics Professor Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine UNDERGRADUATE 1966-1967 Washington University EDUCATION 1967-1970 University of Michigan 1970 B.S. (with distinction) Biophysics, Univ. Mich. GRADUATE 1970-1977 PHS Predoctoral Trainee, Dept. Biology, EDUCATION Mass. Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 1977 Ph.D., Advisor: David Botstein Thesis title: Genetic and physical studies of bacteriophage P22 genomes containing translocatable drug resistance elements. POSTDOCTORAL 1977-1980 Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Biochemistry TRAINING Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA. Advisor: Dr. I. Robert Lehman. ACADEMIC POSITIONS/EMPLOYMENT/EXPERIENCE 1980-1981 Staff Scientist, Molec. Gen. Section, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research Facility, Frederick, MD 1981-1983 Staff Scientist, Laboratory of Genetics and Recombinant DNA, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research Facility, Frederick, MD 1981-1984 Adjunct Associate Professor, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Catonsville, MD 1983-1984 Senior Scientist and Head, DNA Metabolism Section, Lab. Genetics and Recombinant DNA, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research Facility, Frederick, MD 1984-1990 Associate Professor with tenure (1985) Department of Biochemistry -
Mutation Rates of Escherichia Coli with Different Balanced Growth Rates: a New Fluctuation Test Protocol and Phenotypic Lag Adju
Mutation rates of Escherichia coli with different balanced growth rates: a new fluctuation test protocol and phenotypic lag adjustments by Christian Terry Henderson Barna A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfilment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Mathematics in Applied Mathematics Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2020 c Christian Terry Henderson Barna 2020 Author's Declaration I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract Bacteria are the oldest, most abundant life form on the planet, and every other organ- ism's livelihood is dependent on them. The bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) is commonly used in microbiology as a model organism to give insight into the functions of bacteria and cells in general. Of particular interest in these studies is the methods with which bacteria grow and evolve. Growth is what propagates a bacteria's species; whereas evolution is what allows them to adapt to the ever-changing world. Evolution is made possible by mutations which change a bacterium's DNA. In 1943, Luria and Delbr¨uck developed a method, called a “fluctuation test", to estimate mutation rates from the number of mutants in a collection of parallel cultures exposed to a selecting agent after growth. The original fluctuation test methodology suffers from two major limitations. First, the bacteria are not in a re- producible, balanced state of growth throughout the test. -
JOURNAL of BACTERIOLOGY Volume 145 Contents for January 1981 Numberl
JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY Volume 145 Contents for January 1981 Numberl Morphology and Ultrastructure Structure of the Heptose Region of Lipopolysaccharides from Rho- dospirillum tenue. JOANNA RADZIEJEWSKA-LEBRECHT, U. FEIGE, H. MAYER,* AND J. WECKESSER ...... .............. 138-144 Regulation ofPolarMorphogenesis in Caulobactercrescentus. AKIo FUKUDA,* MAKOTO ASADA, SHIGEO KOYASU, HIDEYA YOSHIDA, KATSUYUKI YAGINUMA, AND YOSHI OKADA ..... ............ 559-572 Isolation and Electron Microscopic Observations of Intracyto- plasmic Inclusions Containing Chlamydia psittaci. AKIRA MATSUMOTO ............................................. 605-612 Isolation and Properties ofPiil from Spores ofBacillus cereus. JOHN P. DEsROSIER AND J. CANO LARA* ....... .................. 613-619 General Microbiology Lectin, a Possible Basis for Symbiosis Between Bacteria and Sponges. WERNER E. G. MULLER,* RUDOLF K. ZAHN, BRANDO KURELEC, CEDOMIL Lucu, ISABEL MULLER, AND GERD UHLENBRUCK ............................................ 548-558 Quantitation of Bacillus subtilis L-Form Growth Parameters in Batch Culture. RICHARD W. GILPIN,* SUZANNE K. PATTER- SON, AND RALPH A. KNIGHT ............................... 651-653 Plant Microbiology Elaboration of Cellulose Fibrils by Agrobacterium tumefaciens Dur- ing Attachment to Carrot Cells. ANN G. MATTHYSSE,* KATH- RYN V. HOLMES, AND ROBIN H. G. GURLITZ ..... ............ 583-595 Genetics and Molecular Biology Methyl-Accepting Chemotaxis Protein III and Transducer Gene trg. GERALD L. HAZELBAUER,* PETER ENGSTROM, AND SHI- GEAKI HARAYAMA .................. ... ... 43-49 Stringent Response of Bacillus stearothermophilus: Evidence for the Existence of Two Distinct Guanosine 3',5'-Polyphosphate Synthetases. SUSANNE FEHR AND DIETMAR RICHTER* ...... 68-73 Plasmid Transfer and Genetic Recombination by Protoplast Fusion in Staphylococci. F. GOTz, S. AHRNE, AND M. LINDBERG* ... 74-81 Naturally Occurring Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B Re- sistance in Bacillus licheniformis. A. DOCHERTY, G. GRANDI, R. GRANDI, T. J. GRYCZAN, A. G. -
Antimicrobial Resistance and the Role of Vaccines
PROGRAM ON THE GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY OF AGING AT HARVARD UNIVERSITY Working Paper Series Antimicrobial Resistance and the Role of Vaccines David E. Bloom, Steven Black, David Salisbury, and Rino Rappuoli June 2019 PGDA Working Paper No. 170 http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/pgda/working/ Research reported in this publication was supported in part by the National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number P30AG024409. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. SPECIAL FEATURE: INTRODUCTION Antimicrobial resistance and the role of vaccines SPECIAL FEATURE: INTRODUCTION David E. Blooma, Steven Blackb, David Salisburyc, and Rino Rappuolid,e,1 Stanley Falkow (Fig. 1) dedicated his life’s work to being reported (6). These health consequences will the study of bacteria and infectious disease. He have damaging social and economic sequelae, such was a leader in the discovery of the mechanisms as lost productivity due to increased morbidity and of antibiotic resistance and among the first to mortality, and even social distancing, as fear of inter- recognize and raise the alarm about the problem of multidrug resistance. The articles of this Spe- personal contact grows. ’ cial Feature on Antimicrobial Resistance and the Although projections of AMR s future burden Role of Vaccines are dedicated to his memory depend on several assumptions and are therefore (Box 1). uncertain, the idea that the health and economic consequences of AMR will become significant is rea- Rising antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the sonable. In 2014, the Review on Antimicrobial Resis- greatest health challenges the world currently faces. -
Microbiology Immunology Cent
years This booklet was created by Ashley T. Haase, MD, Regents Professor and Head of the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, with invaluable input from current and former faculty, students, and staff. Acknowledgements to Colleen O’Neill, Department Administrator, for editorial and research assistance; the ASM Center for the History of Microbiology and Erik Moore, University Archivist, for historical documents and photos; and Ryan Kueser and the Medical School Office of Communications & Marketing, for design and production assistance. UMN Microbiology & Immunology 2019 Centennial Introduction CELEBRATING A CENTURY OF MICROBIOLOGY & IMMUNOLOGY This brief history captures the last half century from the last history and features foundational ideas and individuals who played prominent roles through their scientific contributions and leadership in microbiology and immunology at the University of Minnesota since the founding of the University in 1851. 1. UMN Microbiology & Immunology 2019 Centennial Microbiology at Minnesota MICROBIOLOGY AT MINNESOTA Microbiology at Minnesota has been From the beginning, faculty have studied distinguished from the beginning by the bacteria, viruses, and fungi relevant to breadth of the microorganisms studied important infectious diseases, from and by the disciplines and sub-disciplines early studies of diphtheria and rabies, represented in the research and teaching of through poliomyelitis, streptococcal and the faculty. The Microbiology Department staphylococcal infection to the present itself, as an integral part of the Medical day, HIV/AIDS and co-morbidities, TB and School since the department’s inception cryptococcal infections, and influenza. in 1918-1919, has been distinguished Beyond medical microbiology, veterinary too by its breadth, serving historically microbiology, microbial physiology, as the organizational center for all industrial microbiology, environmental microbiological teaching and research microbiology and ecology, microbial for the whole University. -
The Era of Microbiology: a Golden Phoenix
RESEARCH REVIEW INTERNATIONAL MICROBIOLOGY (2006) 9:1–7 www.im.microbios.org Stanley Maloy* The era of microbiology: Moselio Schaechter a Golden Phoenix Center for Microbial Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA Summary. The discoveries over the last decade have demonstrated that micro- biology is a central scientific discipline with practical applications in agriculture, medicine, bioremediation, biotechnology, engineering, and other fields. It is clear that the roles of microbes in nature are so diverse that the process of mining this genetic variation for new applications will continue long into the future. Moreover, the rapid rate of microbial evolution ensures that there will be no permanent solu- tion to agricultural, medical, or environmental problems caused by microbes. These problems will demand a continual stream of creative new approaches that evolve along with the microbes. Thus, the excitement of this field will continue Received 10 January 2006 long into the future. However, these opportunities and imperatives demand a deep Accepted 6 February 2006 understanding of basic microbial physiology, genetics, and ecology. Major chal- *Corresponding author: lenges that lay ahead are to impart the broad training needed to entice and enable S. Maloy the next generation of microbiologists, and to educate the public and government Center for Microbial Sciences representatives about the continued and critical importance of this field for health San Diego State University and the economy. [Int Microbiol 2006; 9(1):1-7] 5500 Campanile Drive San Diego, CA 92182-4614, USA Tel. 1- 619-5947123. Fax 1- 619-5945676 Key words: development of microbiology · microbial ecology · microbial cell Email: [email protected] biology · integrative microbiology the natural environment, and to monitor the physiology of sin- Introduction gle cells under defined conditions. -
The NIH Human Microbiome Project Authors: the NIH HMP Working Group (
Downloaded from genome.cshlp.org on October 5, 2021 - Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press The NIH Human Microbiome Project Authors: the NIH HMP Working Group (http://nihroadmap.nih.gov/hmp/members.asp) ABSTRACT: The Human Microbiome Project ( HMP), funded as an initiative of the NIH Roadmap for Biomedical Research (http://nihroadmap.nih.gov), is a multi-component community resource. The goals of the HMP are (1) to take advantage of new, high-throughput technologies to characterize the human microbiome more fully by studying samples from multiple body sites from each of at least 250 “normal” volunteers; (2) to determine whether there are associations between changes in the microbiome and health/disease by studying several different medical conditions; and (3) to provide both a standardized data resource and new technological approaches to enable such studies to be undertaken broadly in the scientific community. The ethical, legal, and social implications of such research are being systematically studied as well. The ultimate objective of the HMP is to demonstrate that there are opportunities to improve human health through monitoring or manipulation of the human microbiome. The history and implementation of this new program are described here. INTRODUCTION: It has been known for some time that the human body is inhabited by at least ten times more bacteria than the number of human cells in the body, and that the majority of those bacteria are found in the human gastrointestinal tract (Savage 1977). Throughout the history of microbiology, most human studies have focused on the disease-causing organisms found on or in people; fewer studies have examined the benefits of the resident bacteria. -
Affiliates Letter the Official Newsletter for FEMS Affiliates
ALSO IN THIS ISSUE PUBLICATIONS / GRANTS CORNER / FEMS MEMBERS / OPPORTUNITIES / DEADLINES AFFILIATES LETTER THE OFFICIAL NEWSLETTER FOR FEMS AFFILIATES Meet FEMS Delegate Don’t miss Anastasiya Sidarenka an update Dr. Anastasiya Sidarenka It seems miles away, but soon the is FEMS Delegate of the countdown for FEMS 2019 will will Belarussian Non-governmental begin. Don’t want to miss an update Association of Microbiologists. on everything the Congress has to As an experienced researcher offer? Then sign up now for the FEMS in the area of microbial Congress newsletter. physiology and genetics, she is the principle investigator on the projects aimed at molecular detection of plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi and application of microorganisms for plant protection from diseases. Her research interests also in- clude the study of human gut microbiota and microbiota of extreme Antarctic ecosystems. In 2017, the first time after a long stalemate period in the history of Be- larusian Microbiological Society (BNAM) organized the Congress of Mi- crobiologists of Belarus. This marker event rallied microbiologists from different parts of the country to discuss the current state and identify key trends for the development of microbiological science in Belarus, share successes and challenges facing members in their research work, consolidate the efforts for solving important public problems. BNAM has been a full Member of FEMS since 2010 and is currently led by a group of dedicated Belarussian scientists. We asked Dr Anastasiya Sidarenka what it means -
Biographical Notes on Scientists Involved in the Asilomar Process M.J
International Dimensions of Ethics Education in Science and Engineering Case Study Series: Asilomar Conference on Laboratory Precautions Appendix D: Biographical Notes on Scientists involved in the Asilomar Process M.J. Peterson Version 1, June 2010 Edward A. Adelberg (1920-2009). PhD Yale 1949. Chair of Yale Department of Microbiology 1961-64 and 1970-72; a founding member of Yale Department of Genetics. Deputy Provost for the Biomedical Sciences, 1983-91. Specialist in plasmid biochemistry of E. coli. Ephraim Anderson (1911-2006). M.D., Durham University. Served in the Royal Army Medical Corps during World War II where he developed interests in Epidemiology. Researcher in Enteric Laboratory of the British Public Health Laboratory Service 1947, Deputy Director 1952, Director 1954-1978. Came to public notice for tracing sources of typhoid outbreaks in Zermatt (1963) and Aberdeen (1964). Built on earlier work by Japanese researchers to demonstrate the plasmid-based pathways by which bacteria could spread antibiotic resistance to others and became the world’s leading expert on antibiotic resistance. Also prominent in efforts to limit use of antibiotics in raising animals. Fellow of the Royal Society 1968; Companion of the Order of the British Empire 1976. Eric Ashby, Baron Ashby (1904-1992). Lecturer in Botany, Imperial College London 1931-35; Reader in Botany Bristol University 1935-37; Professor of Botany University of Sydney 1938-1946; Chair of Botany, University of Manchester 1947-50. Turned to administration as President and Vice-Chancellor of Queen's University, Belfast 1950-59; Master of Clare College in Cambridge University 1959-67 and Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge University 1967-1969. -
Perspectives
Copyright Ó 2009 by the Genetics Society of America DOI: 10.1534/genetics.109.110007 Perspectives Anecdotal, Historical and Critical Commentaries on Genetics Letting Escherichia coli Teach Me About Genome Engineering James A. Shapiro1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Gordon Center for Integrative Science, Chicago, Illinois 60637 ABSTRACT A career of following unplanned observations has serendipitously led to a deep appreciation of the capacity that bacterial cells have for restructuring their genomes in a biologically responsive manner. Routine characterization of spontaneous mutations in the gal operon guided the discovery that bacteria transpose DNA segments into new genome sites. A failed project to fuse l sequences to a lacZ reporter ultimately made it possible to demonstrate how readily Escherichia coli generated rearrangements necessary for in vivo cloning of chromosomal fragments into phage genomes. Thinking about the molecular mechanism of IS1 and phage Mu-transposition unexpectedly clarified how transposable elements mediate large-scale rearrangements of the bacterial genome. Following up on lab lore about long delays needed to obtain Mu-mediated lacZ protein fusions revealed a striking connection between physiological stress and activation of DNA rearrangement functions. Examining the fate of Mudlac DNA in sectored colonies showed that these same functions are subject to developmental control, like controlling elements in maize. All these experiences confirmed Barbara McClintock’s view that cells frequently respond to stimuli by restructuring their genomes and provided novel insights into the natural genetic engineering processes involved in evolution. HIS article is the reminiscence of a bacterial genet- The worlds of transcriptional regulation beyond simple T icist studying the processes of mutation and DNA repressor–operator models, signal transduction, chro- rearrangements.