Perfil Cafetero: Italia

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Perfil Cafetero: Italia ORGANIZACIÓN INTERNACIONAL DEL CAFÉ PERFIL CAFETERO ITALIA ICC-120-6 1 PERFIL CAFETERO ITALIA Perfil cafetero de la OIC Italia 2 ICC-120-6 ÍNDICE Prefacio ................................................................................................................................... 3 Prólogo .................................................................................................................................... 4 1. Antecedentes .............................................................................................................. 5 1.1 Situación geográfica ........................................................................................ 5 1.2 Economía de Italia ............................................................................................ 6 1.3 Resumen de la historia cafetera de Italia ....................................................... 6 2. Importaciones de café de 2000 a 2016 ....................................................................... 8 2.1 Volumen de importaciones ............................................................................. 8 2.2 Valor y valor unitario de las importaciones ................................................... 13 2.3 Aduanas de Italia: Importaciones de café verde .......................................... 15 3. Reexportaciones de 2000 a 2016 ............................................................................... 16 3.1 Volumen total de reexportaciones de café por forma y tipo ........................ 16 4. Tueste y comercio de café ......................................................................................... 19 4.1 Importadores ................................................................................................. 19 4.2 Café tostado ................................................................................................... 20 4.3 Asociaciones ................................................................................................... 22 4.4 Canales de comercialización .......................................................................... 23 4.4.1 Ventas al por menor ....................................................................................... 24 4.4.2 HO.RE.CA ........................................................................................................ 26 4.4.3 Máquinas expendedoras y servicio de café a oficinas (OCS) ......................... 26 5. Derechos e impuestos que se imponen al café ......................................................... 29 6. Normas aplicables al café .......................................................................................... 31 7. Consumo de café en los ultimos años ....................................................................... 32 7.1 Consumo aparente ......................................................................................... 32 7.2 Pautas de consumo ........................................................................................ 33 7.3 Consumo por habitante ................................................................................. 34 7.4 Comportamiento del consumidor .................................................................. 35 7.5 Precios al por menor ...................................................................................... 38 Italia Perfil cafetero de la OIC ICC-120-6 3 PREFACIO Este perfil del sector cafetero de Italia es el tercero de una serie de perfiles cafeteros de los países Miembros. Su realización cumple uno de los objetivos del Acuerdo Internacional del Café de 2007, esto es, el de recopilar, difundir y publicar información económica, técnica y científica, estadísticas y estudios, y también los resultados de actividades de investigación y desarrollo en cuestiones cafeteras. Esos objetivos se vieron reforzados por las recientes recomendaciones del Grupo de Trabajo sobre la revisión estratégica. Basándose en ello se facilitaron directrices para usar como marco en esa serie, que está encaminada a proporcionar información completa y actual acerca del sector cafetero de países específicos. Estos perfiles serán de suma importancia para mejorar la visibilidad de la economía cafetera mundial e identificar corrientes comerciales clave. Quisiera dar las gracias a la alta dirección del Comitato Italiano del Caffè y a su personal técnico por preparar el primer borrador de este informe. Quisiera dar las gracias también a la Secretaría de la OIC por haber revisado el texto y colaborado con las autoridades cafeteras en la preparación del perfil cafetero de Italia. Espero sinceramente que este perfil sea de interés y valor para nuestros Miembros, así como para todos los demás interesados que trabajan en este campo. La diversidad agroecológica de Italia ofrece potencial para la producción de variedades de café de alta calidad. Por último, el personal de la OIC y yo estamos abiertos a cualquier observación y sugerencia que nos ayude a aumentar la precisión y el valor del documento en el futuro. Confío en que la riqueza de información que figura en esta publicación y que figurará en las siguientes de esta serie, proporcionará a los delegados, investigadores y lectores una comprensión mejor de la naturaleza dinámica del sector cafetero de todo el mundo. José Sette Director Ejecutivo Organización Internacional del Café Perfil cafetero de la OIC Italia 4 ICC-120-6 Milán, 18 de julio de 2017 Asunto: Perfil cafetero de Italia Este estudio fue realizado por el Comitato Italiano del Caffè, con el apoyo de la Universidad de Turín y en colaboración con la Organización Internacional del Café, y formará parte del programa de perfiles cafeteros de países. Espero que este estudio sea de interés y valor para los Miembros de la Organización Internacional del Café y para todos los interesados del sector cafetero que interactúan con el sector de Italia, y que el análisis que ofrece de fuentes de suministro, comercio de café, tendencias del consumo y existencias de café sea de utilidad. Por lo que respecta al presente documento, quisiera en especial agradecer la contribución de Cecilia Casalegno y Valentina Chiaudano (Universidad de Turín), Gianni Forni (Secretario General del Comitato Italiano del Caffè), Maurizio Giuli (Presidente de Ucima: fabricantes de máquinas de café espresso y equipo de bares) y Marinella Cerutti, Federica Scaravaglio y Laura Tondi (Lavazza). Con mi más cordial saludo, (firmado) Mario Cerutti Presidente Comitato Italiano del Caffè Italia Perfil cafetero de la OIC ICC-120-6 5 1. ANTECEDENTES 1.1 Situación geográfica Italia es una península del Mar Mediterráneo, situada en el Sur de Europa, que tiene una superficie de 302.073 km2. Italia limita al oeste con Francia, al norte con Suiza y Austria y al este con Eslovenia. La mayor parte del terreno es montañoso (35%) y accidentado (42%) y el resto es llano (23%). Italia tiene también muchas islas, las mayores de las cuales son Sicilia y Cerdeña. Italia es una república parlamentaria y se divide en 7.978 municipios, 107 provincias, 14 ciudades metropolitanas y 20 regiones, 15 de las cuales son regiones corrientes y otras 5 tienen autonomía especial. El idioma nacional es el italiano y la capital es Roma. Figura 1: Mapa de Italia Italia tiene una densidad de 201,32 habitantes/km2, y una población de 60,66 millones: el 48,6% son hombres y el 51,4% son mujeres. Perfil cafetero de la OIC Italia 6 ICC-120-6 1.2 Economía de Italia Italia es uno de los 28 países miembros de la Unión Europea y adoptó la moneda única de la Unión Europea –el euro– en 2002. Eso significa que la economía italiana está ahora influenciada por las decisiones del Banco Central Europeo en cuanto a tasas de interés, precios y política monetaria. Significa también que Italia se benefició del Acuerdo de Schengen que permitió libre movimiento de personas y bienes entre los países europeos que firmaron ese tratado. Italia tiene una economía diversificada formada por un Norte industrial, dominado por empresas privadas, y un Sur menos industrial pero más agrícola, en el que el nivel de desempleo es bastante alto. La economía italiana está impulsada principalmente por un sector manufacturero de bienes de consumo de alta calidad integrado por negocios familiares de tamaño pequeño y mediano. A pesar de ocupar el tercer lugar en la clasificación de las economías europeas, la elevada deuda pública y los impedimentos estructurales al crecimiento hicieron que Italia sea vulnerable al escrutinio de los mercados financieros. La deuda pública va en aumento desde 2007 y llegó al 133% del PIB en 2016. A partir de 2011 y después de la recesión general de Europa, la economía de Italia volvió a tener un crecimiento modesto. En 2015 y 2016, la economía de Italia creció un 0,7% por año y en 2016 el nivel general de desempleo fue del 11,7%, aunque el de los jóvenes siguió siendo elevado y fue del 37,1%. 1.3 Resumen de la historia cafetera de Italia El café fue introducido en Europa en el siglo XVI, cuando una serie de viajeros trajeron noticia de su uso en Oriente. Entre esos viajeros estaba un veneciano llamado Prospero Alpino, botánico y médico, cuyo libro De Plantis Aegypti tenía una ilustración del cafeto y describía la costumbre oriental de tomar “esa excelente bebida oscura que tiene un sabor parecido al de la achicoria”. Aunque el poder de Venecia ya estaba disminuyendo por aquel entonces, los historiadores están de acuerdo en que los mercaderes venecianos ya empezaban a importar café en 1695. Los granos, que se cargaban en el puerto de Moca en la península arábica,
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