Korean War / U.S.-Korean Relations Subject Guide
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INTRODUCTION The Dwight D. Eisenhower Library is well known for its holdings relating to military history in general and the history of World War II in particular because of Eisenhower’s prominent role as Supreme Commander of Allied Forces in Europe. The early history of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization is also documented in the Library’s holdings thanks in part to General Eisenhower’s retention in his papers documentation relating to his role as the first Supreme Allied Commander, Europe (SACEUR) in 1951-52 when he played a significant role in planning the defense of Western Europe. In fact, Eisenhower was primarily involved with European defense matters during the first two years of the Korean War. Eisenhower’s connection with the Korean War is generally associated with the achievement of an armistice during the seventh month of his presidency. This last phase of the Korean War is, indeed, documented in depth at the Eisenhower Library. What may not be well known is that the Eisenhower Library holds important collections that document the early phases of the War and even to a limited extent, its background. More than 60 collections (over 10% of the Library’s holdings) contain information about the Korean War, its background or immediate aftermath. Another 30 collections include material regarding post-1954 U.S.-Korean relations with many collections documenting both the war and the years afterwards. This guide is intended to facilitate research in the Eisenhower Library’s holdings on the Korean War and on United States-Korean relations in general. Consequently, the guide includes information on Korea dated as early as World War II and as recent as 1969. The bulk of the documentation falls into two periods however: the Korean War and immediate aftermath (1950 through 1954) and post Korean War - 1954- 1960. Collections with material falling exclusively after 1954 have been so designated in the guide with the notation: Post-1954 material only. Collections listed herein are fully processed and available for research unless indicated otherwise. Some documents relating to the Korean War and to U.S.- Korean relations afterwards are still security- classified and will be unavailable for research until they can be declassified. Notations indicating that portions of a given collection are security-classified are normally included with each collection entry. Documents withdrawn from processed collections because of security-classification are listed on withdrawal sheets that can be used by researchers to identify and request specific documents for declassification review in accordance with the mandatory review provisions of Executive Order 12958. Most information still classified concerning the Korean War or Korea relates either to intelligence or to military defense and weapons systems. This guide is intended to supplement but not replace the finding aids currently available for the Library’s many collections. Because of the widely scattered nature of documentation, however, it should not be considered absolutely definitive and pertinent materials may be found in locations not listed on the guide. Researchers should still use finding aids in addition to this guide as they may well find headings not included in the guide. Information on Korea can be found both in logical locations (i.e. file folders entitled "Korea" or "Korean War") and in less clearly identified places such as, for example, within chronologically arranged file series or under broad headings such as "Asia", "Far East" or "Military Assistance". While the Library holds rich documentation on the Korean War including materials many might not expect to find here, its holdings do have limitations. For example, Dwight Eisenhower’s presidential files contain little on casualty reporting; consequently accurate information on casualties must be sought elsewhere. No records were apparently kept for many meetings held in the White House in 1953 and on President-elect Eisenhower’s trip to Korea in December 1952. The Library holds no records of daily intelligence briefings given the President during this period. The Military Liaison Officer during this period, Paul T. Carroll, who undoubtedly dealt with many Korean War related matters, left little in the way of records. Please also remember, these files record the United States Government’s actions and policies but one must look elsewhere for documentation on the intentions and plans of the leaders of the North Korean, Chinese and Soviet governments. (As an example, one can find in the Library a paper trail documenting Dwight Eisenhower’s actions and thoughts regarding the achievement of the Korean armistice. What is not shown here is what the North Korean, Chinese and Soviet leaders actually thought about Eisenhower’s actions. Thus the picture is one-sided.) In spite of these limitations, the Library’s holdings contain much documentation to support research on the Korean War and on U.S.-Korean relations. It is hoped that this guide can help users find their way through the millions of pages of documents as they search for nuggets of information. For further information about information relating to the Korean War, U.S.-Korean relations or other topics, please contact the Dwight D. Eisenhower Library staff. The address is: Dwight D. Eisenhower Library 200 S.E. 4th Abilene, KS 67410-2900 785-263-6700 – Toll Free 1-877-RING-IKE http://www.eisenhower.archives.gov e-mail: [email protected] HISTORICAL MATERIALS IN THE DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER LIBRARY RELATING TO THE KOREAN WAR AND TO UNITED STATES-KOREAN RELATIONS AURAND, EVAN P.: Naval Aide to the President 1957-61; Commander, various antisubmarine warfare forces, 1962-72. Papers. (Post-1954 material on Korea) (Portions may still be security-classified) A. Naval Aide to the President Series, 1957-61 Box 8 Reading File, May 6, 1960 - Sept. 6, 1960 - Far East trip Box 16 Far East Trip File 1960 B. Later Military Career Series, 1961-72 Box 8 Hagerty, Correspondence, 1962, 1969 - Pueblo Court of Inquiry Box 12 Eisenhower File, 1961 to 1976 (1)-(5) - Korean Navy Box 15 Sea of Japan Exercise, USN/ROKN, December 1965 - combined U.S.-South Korean anti-submarine warfare exercise AURAND, HENRY S.: Papers, 1873-1967. Lt. General Henry Aurand, a member of the graduating class of 1915 at the United States Military Academy, along with General Eisenhower, specialized in military logistics but held many different assignments. From 1949 to 1952 General Aurand was Commanding General, United States Army, Pacific (USARPAC). Boxes 43 to 55 contain correspondence, minutes of staff conferences, memoranda re an Army Commanders Conference in December 1950 and other materials relating to the Korean War and its impact on his command. Of particular note here is Aurand’s correspondence with such individuals as Carter Clarke, J. Lawton Collins, and David Wainhouse and remarks by Karl Bendetsen at an Army Commanders’ Conference. Users should check most folders in these boxes and particularly the following: Box 43 General Correspondence 1950 A-E - includes correspondence between Aurand and Carter Clarke re Korean War and racial integration of armed forces Box 44 General Correspondence 1950 S-Z - correspondence between Aurand and David Wainhouse regarding military and diplomatic aspects of Korean War Box 45 General Correspondence T-Z - 1951 - includes Maxwell Taylor’s notes from Far East trip re ROK, Japan, use of Negro troops, effects of rotation in Far East Command, equipment and manpower; also correspondence between Aurand and David Wainhouse Box 46 Official Correspondence, Office of the Chief of Staff - 1950 Aurand correspondence with Matthew Ridgway re personal plans and war production; correspondence with Collins re Regimental Combat Team, strength in USARPAC, shipments of personnel, return of troops from Korea and Collins letter to Henry Luce re troops, replacements, equipments, and weapons Box 49 Subject File: Korea-Memos, June 1950 - re-briefing of USARPAC by Admiral Radford on President Truman’s directive Box 54 Subject File: Washington Trip (Army Commanders Conference) December 1950 - includes remarks by Assistant Secretary of the Army Karl Bendetsen on the Korean War Box 55 Subject File: Visit of President Truman, October 13-16, 1950 - re President’s meeting with Douglas MacArthur at Wake Island BEACH, EDWARD L.: Papers, 1935-1962. Edward L. Beach was a naval officer who served as Naval Aide to the President from 1953-57 and later was Commanding Officer of the nuclear submarine USS Triton. From 1949 to 1951 Beach was Naval Assistant to the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff and was Commanding Officer of the USS Trigger II from 1951-1953. Box 27 Pusan Reports - Series of informal reports on U.S. naval personnel social life in Korea but also comments on political and social conditions in South Korea from November 1953 to March 1954 1 BEACH, EDWARD L. and EVAN P. AURAND: Naval Aides to the President: Records, 1953-61. (Post-1954 material on Korea) Box 8 President Eisenhower's Far East Cruise, June 1960 - Korea (1)-(7) - ceremonies, list of call signs and code words, Korean response to Eisenhower proposed visit, Korean-Japanese relations BENEDICT, STEPHEN: Papers, 1951-1960. Stephen Benedict was research director of Citizens for Eisenhower, 1951-1953, and kept in his papers drafts of Presidential campaign speeches plus correspondence relating to the 1952 Presidential Campaign. Boxes 1-7 contain texts of campaign speeches, many with references to the Korean War. Box 1 9-15-51 Fort Wayne, Indiana