Journal76 of Species Research 6(1):76-90, 2017Journal of Species Research Vol. 6, No. 1

Plastid genome of altaicus var. uchiyamae Kitam., an endanger species of Korean

Jihye Park1, Jaekyung Shim1, Hyosig Won2 and Jungho Lee1,*

1Green Institute, B-301, Heungdeok IT Valley, Giheung-gu, Yongin 16954, Republic of Korea 2Department of Biological Science, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea

*Correspondent: [email protected]

Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae Kitam. is an endemic taxon of Korea and is protected by law as an endanger taxon. The genetic information of A. altaicus var. uchiyamae is unavailable in Genbank. Here we sequenced chloroplast genome of A. altaicus var. uchiyamae. The cp-genome of Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae was 152,446 bps in size: LSC was 84,240 bps, IR 25,005 bps, SSC 18,196 bps. The cp-genome contains 112 genes and 21 introns consisted of 79 protein coding genes (PCGs), 4 RNA genes, and 29 tRNA genes, with 20 group II introns and one group I intron. There were three pseudo-genes including ψ-ycf1, ψ-rps19, and ψ-trnT_GGU. Eighteen genes, five introns, and parts of two genes and an intron are found within the IR, which has two copies. The cp-DNA of Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae is distinguished from A. spathulifolius, only known cp-genome of the genus Aster, by 172 SNP in genic regions of 43 PCGs and 21 indels in 11 PCGs and SSU. The chloroplast genome sequence was deposited at GenBank (KX35265). Keywords: Aster altaicus, , chloroplast genome, Compositae, indel, SNP, ψ-trnT_GGU

Ⓒ 2017 National Institute of Biological Resources DOI:10.12651/JSR.2017.6.1.076

Introduction altaicus var. uchiyamae have been reported compared with other 17 taxa of Aster s.l. on pappus (Chung and Aster altaicus is an Asian species, which widely oc- Kim, 1991a), receptacle (Chung and Kim, 1991b), ligu- curs from China east to Korea and Mongolia, west to late florets (Chung and Kim, 1991c), captculum (Chung Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Kim, 1993a), and anatomical characters (Chung and and SW Asia (Iran) (Park, 2007; Chen et al., 2008), Kim, 1993b). Though the morphological information South to Nepal, Kashmir, Pakistan, and NW India, North was available as listed above, the genetic information of to Russia (Siberia). In East Asia, seven varieties of the A. altaicus var. uchiyamae is absent. species occur including var. altaicus, var. hirsutus, var. The genetic information on East Asian Aster is available canescens, var. scaber, var. millefolius, var. taitoensis and by Ito et al. (1994; 1995; 1998) in 20 century, and that var. uchiyamae. Aster altaicus var. taitoensis Kitam only on Korea Aster is available by Hong et al. (2012). How- occurs in Taiwan as endemic taxon and Aster altaicus ever, none of these included A. altaicus var. uchiyamae var. uchiyamae Kitam occurs as endemic in Korea. The as research taxon. In Aster, plastid genomic information other five varieties occur in mainland China, but they is very limited. The plastid genomic information is only are not found in Taiwan and Korea. available in A. spathulifolius occurring seaside in Korea Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae Kitam. was first collect- and Japan. We characterized plastid genome of A. altaicus ed by K. Uchiyama (Oct. 7, 1902) at Suanbo, Chungbuk var. uchiyamae Kitam. in order to get the genetic infor- province, and limitedly occurs in road side, sandy places mation of the endangered species. Complete cp-genomic of riverbank along the South Han River (Kitamura, 1937; sequences have become more useful as genetic barcode personal observation). The Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae of (Nock et al., 2011; Li et al., 2015). Here, we Kitam. is protected by Korean law as an endangered spe- report the complete cp genome of Aster altaicus var. cies and is included in Korean Red List of Threatened uchiyamae as genetic barcode. Species (Suh and Kim, 2014). The morphology of Aster February 2017 Park et al.-Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae cp-genome 77

Materials and Methods determined (Fig. 1) and found to be 152,446 bp in length. It includes small and large single copy (SSC, LSC) re- Chloroplast DNA extraction, genome sequencing, gions of 18,196 bp and 84,240 bp, respectively, separat- assembly, and PCR-based validation ed by a pair of 25,005 bp Inverted Repeats (IRs). A total of 112 genes were detected, including 79 protein coding Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae was collected at the population from Jocheonri, Chungju city of ChungBuk genes, 29 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes (Table 1, 2). province (N: 37°06′02″, E: 127°49′13″) in 2010, before The cp-genome of A. altaicus var. uchiyamae is slight- dam was constructed. The photo-voucher of plant spec- ly bigger than that of other asterids which are known to imen was deposited at Daegu University Herbarium have ψ-ycf1 and ψ-rps19 in the borders of IR and Single copy regions. A. altaicus lacks trnT_GGU in its plastid (Won6376-4). Fresh of A. altaicus var. uchiyamae were collected from the population, and stored in liquid genome but has ψ-trnT_GGU (Fig. 2). This cp-genome nitrogen until usage. Total DNA was extracted using the was also found to contain 21 different introns, including 20 group II introns and a group I intron with a cyano- Qiagen DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Germany), and DNA concentration and quality were determined using bacterial origin (Besendahl et al., 2000) found within the trnL_uaa gene. Three protein coding genes, includ- a Scandrop Nano-volume spectrophotometer (Analytik Jena, Germany). High quality DNA (concentration=300 ing clpP, rps12, and ycf3, contain two group II introns ng/μL, A260/280 ratio=1.8-2.0, and A260/230 ra- (clpP.i1, clpP.i2, rps12.i1, rps12.i2, ycf3.i1 and ycf3.i2), tio=1.7) was used for PCR and sequencing. and 14 genes contain a single group II intron: rpoC1.i, For Sanger sequencing, the whole cp-genome of A. rpl2.i, rpl16.i, rps16.i, atpF.i, petB.i, petD.i, ndhA.i, altaicus var. uchiyamae was PCR-amplified in ~1-2 kb ndhB.i, trnA_ugc.i, trnG_ucc.i, trnI_gau.i, trnK_uuu.i, fragments, and cp-genome structure was verified using and trnV_uac.i. Among the 20 group II introns, the in- Long PCR, with ~5-28 kb fragments, as described by tron in rps12, between exons 1 and 2, is trans-splicing, Lee and Manhart (2002a; 2002b). The detailed primer while the other 19 group II introns are cis-splicing. information is shown in Table S1 and Table S2. Only Eighteen genes, five introns, and parts of two genes PCR products ranging from ~1-2 kb were sequenced us- and an intron are found within the IR, which has two ing Bigdye (ver. 3.1) and ABI3730 at NICEM of Seoul copies. These 18 genes include seven protein-coding genes (ndhB, rpl2, rps12, rpl23, rps7, rps19, ycf2), all National University. Assembled cp-sequences were veri- fied using Sequencher ver. 5.0 (Gencode, USA). four rRNA genes (16S, 23S, 4.5S, 5S), and seven tRNA genes (trnA_ugc, trnI_cau, trnI_gau, trnL_caa, trnN_ Genome annotation, Genome comparison and guu, trnR_acg, trnV_gac). The five introns are ndhB.i, Sequence Analysis rpl2.i, trnA_ugc.i, trnI_gau.i, and rps12.i2. The IR also contains the 5′ end of ycf1 at the border with the SSC, Protein coding and ribosomal RNA genes were anno­ resulting in one intact ycf1 and a 618-bp ψ-ycf1 in the tated using DOGMA (http://dogma.ccbb.utexas.edu/; cp-genome. In addition, the IR contains parts of the Wyman et al., 2004). The boundaries of each annotated rps12 gene. This rps12 gene consists of three exons, gene were manually determined by comparison with or- rps12.e1, rps12.e2, and rps12.e3; rps12.e1 is in the thologous genes from other known cp-genomes. Genes LSC, but rps12.e2 and rps12.e3 are in the IR. Thus, the encoding tRNAs were first predicted using tRNAscan genome contains a single copy of rps12.e1 but has two (http://lowelab.ucsc.edu/tRNAscan-SE; Lowe and Eddy, copies of rps12.e2 and rps12.e3. A cis-splicing group 1997) and ARAGORN, version 1.2 (http://130.235.46.10/ II intron, rps12.i2, intervenes between rps12.e2 and ARAGORN/; Laslett and Canback, 2004), and were rps12.e3, but a trans-splicing intron, rps12.i1t, occurs manually verified by predicting the tRNA secondary between rps12.e1 and rps12.e2. The rps12.i1t is split structure. Circular genome maps were drawn using Ge- into two pieces, rps12.i1t1 and rps12.i1t2, because the nomeVx (Conant and Wolfe, 2008), followed by manual rps12 gene is transcribed in two separate operons, the modification. The sequencing data and gene annotation clpP operon (clpP-rps12.e1-rps12.i1t1-rpl20) and the were submitted to GenBank with accession number 3′ rps12 operon (rps12.i1t2-rps12.e2-rps12.i2-rps12.e3- KX35265. The mVISTA program in Shuffle-LAGAN rps7-ndhB). mode (Fraser et al., 2004) was used to compare the cp- Direct comparison of chloroplast genomes of A. genome of A. altaicus var. uchiyamae with that of A. altaicus var. uchiyamae and A. spathulifolius (Choi and spathulifolius (Choi and Park, 2015). Park, 2015) using mVISTA program is shown in Fig. 3. Some of genes have length variation in 5′ end or 3′ end of the open reading frame. The 5′ end variation occurs Results and Discussion in three protein coding genes (PCGs) including atpB, The cp-genome of Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae, was ccsA and ycf4. The 3′ end variation occurs in two PCGs 78 Journal of Species Research Vol. 6, No. 1

Fig. 1. Plastid genomic map of Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae. including rpl20 and rpoC2. There were two kinds of four cytochrome genes (petA, petB, petD and petL), a additional variations. One was Single Nucleotide Poly- rubisco gene (rbcL), a membrane protein gene (cemA), morphism (SNP, Table 3) and the other was indel (Table cytochrome C biogenesis gene (ccsA), ATP-dependent 4). SNPs were found at 172 sites in 43 protein coding Clp protease (clpP), and a Acetyl-CoA carboxylase gene genes. (accD) were variable. There were no SNP in 29 tRNA The protein coding genes include 15 genetic system and 4 rRNA genes. genes and 28 photosynthesis genes. As the genetic sys- Indels were found at 20 sites in eight PCGs includ- tem genes, three conserved open reading frames (ycf1, ing accD, ccsA, matK, rpl22, rpoB, rpoC2, ycf1 and ycf2 and ycf4), maturase K gene (matK), four RNA poly- ycf2 (Table 4), and a single bp indel was found in SSU. merase genes (rpoA, rpoB, rpoC1 and rpoC2), ribosom- Among Indels, five Small Simple Repeats (SSRs) were al protein small subunit genes (rps3, rps8, rps12 and in three protein coding genes including matK, accD and rps16), and three ribosomal protein large subunit gene ycf1. Five SSRs include one 1-bp SSR, two 3-bp SSRs (rpl14, rpl20 and rpl33) are included. Among photo- and two 6-bp SSRs. synthesis genes, seven genes of NADH dehydrogenase (ndhA, ndhD, ndhF, ndhG, ndhH, ndhJ and ndhK), three genes of ATP synthase (atpA, atpB and atpE), four pho- Conclusion tosystem I genes (psaA, psaB, psaC and psaI), five pho- tosystem II genes (psbA, psbB, psbC, psbD and psbE), This is the second report of chloroplast genome in the February 2017 Park et al.-Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae cp-genome 79

Table 1. Gene list in chloroplast genome of Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae. Gene Genetic system genes Conserved orf ycf1 ycf2 ×2 ycf3** ycf4 maturase K matK RNA polymerase rpoA rpoB rpoC1* rpoC2 Ribosomal protein Large subunits rpl2* ×2 rpl14 rpl16* rpl20 rpl22 rpl23 ×2 rpl32 rpl33 rpl36 Small subunits rps2 rps3 rps4 rps7 ×2 rps8 rps11 rps12**α ×2 rps14 rps15 rps16* rps18 rps19 Photosynthesis genes Acetyl-CoA carboxylase accD ATP-dependent Clp protease clpP** ATP synthase atpA atpB atpE atpF* atpH atpI Cytochrome b petB* Cytochrome b/f petD* petG petL petN Cytochrome f petA Cytochrome C biogenesis ccsA Membrane protein cemA NADH dehydrogenase ndhA* ndhB* ×2 ndhC ndhD ndhE ndhF ndhG ndhH ndhI ndhJ ndhK Photosystem I psaA psaB psaJ psaC psaI Photosystem II psbA psbB psbC psbD psbE psbF psbH psbI psbJ psbK psbL psbM psbN psbT psbZ Rubisco rbcL Translation initiation factor 1 InfA Ribosomal RNA rrn16S ×2 rrn23S ×2 rrn4.5S ×2 rrn5S ×2 Transfer RNA trnA_UGC* trnC_GCA trnD_GUC trnE_UUC trnF_ trnfM_CAU trnG_GCC trnG_UCC* trnH_ ×2 GAA GUG trnI_CAU trnI_GAU* trnK_UUU* trnL_CAA trnL_ trnL_UAG trnM_CAU trnN_GUU trnP_ ×2 ×2 ×2 UAA* ×2 UGG trnQ_UUG trnR_ACG trnR_UCU trnS_GCU trnS_ trnS_UGA trnT_UGU trnV_GAC trnV_ ×2 GGA ×2 UAC* trnW_CCA trnY_GUA Pseudo gene ψ-ycf1 ψ-rps19 ψ-trnT_GGU *intron; αcp genome contains a copy of rps12 exon 1 in LSC and two copies of rps12 exon 2 and 3 in IR

Fig. 2. The secondary structure of ψ-trnT_GGU of Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae and A. spathulifolius compared to that of normal trnT_ GGU gene. Variable sequences were marked in red. 80 Journal of Species Research Vol. 6, No. 1

Table 2. Chloroplast genome of Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae Kitam. and their relatives. Species Genome size (bp) LSC size (bp) IR size (bp) SSC size (bp) ACC number Reference Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae 152,446 84,240 25,005 18,196 NCBI KX35265 This study Aster spathulifolius 149,555 81,999 24,796 17,972 NCBI NC_027434 Choi and Park, 2015 Dendranthema sp. K247003 151,175 82,886 24,971 18,347 NABIC NG-0482 Park et al., 2015 Helianthus annuus 151,104 83,530 25,295 17,576 NCBI NC_007977 Timme et al., 2007

Fig. 3. Comparison of chloroplast genomes of Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae and A. spathulifolius using mVISTA program. Grey arrows and thick black lines above the alignment indicate genes with their orientation and the position of the IRs, respectively. The Y-scale represents the percent identity between 50-100%. Genome regions are color-coded: Coding regions in blue; noncoding sequences (CNS) in red. February 2017 Park et al.-Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae cp-genome 81

Table 3. SNPs found in plastid protein coding genes of Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae and A. spathulifolius. Gene name Size (A. altaicus/A. spathulifolius) No of SNP Gene name Size (A. altaicus/A. spathulifolius) No of SNP 1 psbA 1062 2 23 petL 96 2 2 matK 1515/1512 9 24 rpl33 201 1 3 rps16 267 1 25 rpl20 381/363 [β] 1 4 rpoB 3186/3183 5 26 rps12 372 1 5 rpoC1 2070 3 27 clpP 591 1 6 rpoC2 4146/4153 [β] 11 28 psbB 1527 3 7 atpA 1527 6 29 petB 648 3 8 psbD 1062 3 30 petD 483 2 9 psbC 1422 1 31 rpoA 1008 5 10 psaB 2205 4 32 rps8 405 1 11 psaA 2253 4 33 rpl14 369 1 12 ndhJ 477 1 34 rps3 657 1 13 ndhK 678 1 35 ycf2 6840/6651 8 14 atpE 402 1 36 ndhF 2226 9 15 atpB 1482/1380 [α] 5 37 ccsA 969/990 [α] 4 16 rbcL 1479 3 38 ndhD 1503 4 17 accD 1485/1497 7 39 psaC 246 2 18 psal 111 1 40 ndhG 531 1 19 ycf4 633/555 [α] 2 41 ndhA 1092 4 20 cemA 690 3 42 ndhH 1236 3 21 petA 963 3 43 ycf1 5085/5073 38 22 psbE 252 1 α: 5′ end variation; β: 3′ end variation

Table 4. Indels found in plastid genes of Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae and A. spathulifolius. Gene name Size (A. altaicus/A. spathulifolius) INDEL # Memo [A. altaicus/A. spathulifolius] 1 matK 1515/1512 3 9-bp[(ATTTGATTC)/-], 12-bp[-/(GGAGCATCTTGC)], 6-bp SSR[(TCAAAA)2/(TCAAAA)] 2 rpoB 3186/3183 1 3-bp[(GTC)/-] 3 rpoC2 4146/4153 1 9-bp[(TCAGAAATC)/-] 4 accD 1485/1497 3 3-bp[-/(AAC)], 6-bp[-/(CGAGAA)], 3-bp SSR[(CTT)/(CTT)2] 5 rpl22 462/465 2 9-bp[(ACCTAAACG)/-], 12-bp[-/(TTAAATAAGAGA)] 6 ycf2 6840/6651 2 9-bp[(CGATATTGA)/-], 180-bp 7 ccsA 969/990 1 9-bp[(ATAATGAAA)/-] 8 ycf1 5085/5073 7 6-bp[(AACTTT)/-], 9-bp[-/(CAATGCCAT)], 9-bp-/(TCAAAGTAA)], 21-bp[(TGGAAGAGGAAGAAGAAGATA)/-], 1-bp SSR[(A)6/(A)3], 3-bp SSR[(GAA)5/(GAA)7], 6-bp SSR[(TCAAGA)2/(TCAAGA)] 9 SSU 1490/1491 1 1-bp[-/C] genus Aster, Asteraceae, and the first reported plastid spathulifolius, which belong to Aster sensu stricto. Loss genome confirmed by Sanger method in Aster. As ge- of atpB in A. spathulifolius, reported by (Choi and Park, netic barcode of A. altaicus var. uchiyamae, an endanger 2015), and the presence of ψ-trnT_GGU in Aster altaicus species, 152,446 bps of chloroplast genomic sequence var. uchiyamae and A. spathulifolius in this study have was registered to NCBI (KX35265). The chloroplast ge- enough to draw our interests in addition to high varia- nome is distinguished from that of A. spathulifolius, by tion of coding genes between Aster plastids. 127 SNPs and 21 Indels in coding regions. The high variation of coding genes in Aster suggests that, as sug- gested by Li et al. (2015), not plastid IGS region but Acknowledgements chloroplast genomic information in coding region is use- ful for genetic barcode in Aster. As suggested by Dong This work was supported by a grant from the National et al. (2015) in land plants, ycf1 would be useful for Institute of Biological Resources under the Ministry of plant identification as having 38 SNPs and 7 Indels in Environment, Republic of Korea. the comparison of A. altaicus var. uchiyamae and A. 82 Journal of Species Research Vol. 6, No. 1

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Relationships of Japanese Aster (Asteraceae, ) Revised: September 30, 2016 sensu lato Based on Chloroplast-DNA Restriction Site Accepted: February 7, 2017 February 2017 Park et al.-Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae cp-genome 83 AC TG T C TY TTG A G ACC AC G A G C T C TG C A G C T T CC ACC TG A TGT C T AAC T T CR TG C T TGT CC T CCC TG ACAC T C GT A GG C AA AC TG C G A GTG G AA A TG A G C A T C CCCC T AA G A GGT C T CAAA GG T C CCCC AA TTT CACC AACA G C AA GG C TG T A TG A GT T CACA G C TTT TT CC G CA TG A AA A T CAA A G AA W CCAACC T CA TT C T G AC A A AC TG C T CCA G TTG A A A Sequence AACCARCC A T T T YT CA T CCA TT TGT CAA T CAAA T C W TT ACCAA TTT CACCA AC T TT C TG CCCCA G CC A A G T CA GTT AAAC T C T C TT TG AR ACAC G AC T C AAC ACA T AC TGTT A TTT CAA GT TG AACA T C G A GTG TT TTT C YTTTT G A T CAA ACAA GT TT TT TG AACA ACCAC T CCCA G ACC C A AA TG AA TG AA TG CAA GT C GTTT A T T A TT CCC TTTT C TG AC G AA AC T A G CCCA T AAACC T C TT TGTGTT C GTGT AAAAA G AA CAC T C ACC G A T TT TT C GGT GTTDTGGT GG YG A TT T C TT A AA A G AC GT C T CA AACA G CCAACC C T G C T G AACA ACA C TTTG AAAA G CCCACA TG ACAAC G C TTTT G CA GTT CCAAAAAAAC GT T C GTTG AA GT AC TTT C T RA GTT C G A GT GTGT CACA GT AA T CCCCAAC GGT CCAAA G A A C GT G A AA CC TTTG A G A TTMT GG AAAARC TGGTT C T GGT C T CA CAA GT CC G AA CA G C GTGT T C GTT CA C TGTGT T C T CA A G AA C G A TT CC T T CCC CC C G CCCACAACC A G AA T CA G A C GGTYGG TGTT C T GTGM CCAA C T CCCAC TT CACACC G GGTGGTT C G ACCAA AA GTG ACCAA P rimer AP02A_13RF AP02A_R2 AP02A_F AP02A_R1 AP02A_F1 AP02A_R AP02B_01 AP02B_11 AP02B_11F AP02B_11FN AP02B_11FN AP02B_11N AP02B_14F AP02C_3220F AP02C_2000F AP02B_14N AP02B_25F AP02C_2000R AP02C_3220R AP02C_4200R AP02C_3710F C97_S2C2R C97_S2C2F C97_S2C0F CYM02_G1F CYM02B_27F CYM02B_16F Iris_MK02R CYM02A_R CYM02A_06RF CYM02A_F PH02A_03R PH02A_06RF1R PH02A_F PH02A_F1 S02A_00 PH02A_N01F PH02A_R1 S02A_00F06 S02A_03A S01 RAR S01_18F06 S02A_01 S02A_02 S02A_03 T CAC TG C A TG C A A ACC T CC T TG C G T CC TG TT T CC AC T CC T TTG A G AAAAAC T C G TTGG ACC G TT AC TG TTG A GT C AA A TG ACC T A G AA T T A GG CC A G AA ACA TG A TT A TG A TGT CC TG A ACA A GG CA G A T A TGTT CC A T C G HC A T A A AACCA G TT A GGTG C AR GT TT A GG CA G A GG CAA G TT AA A GTT A AACCACC TT CAA TTT CACC A G GT C T T T T C TG A G ACAAA T T T CCA TT CCA A A A T CCAACCC TTG C TT G TTTTGT CC G TGG AACC G C TTT AC TG A AA A TG AC TT CC TGT T A G AA TGT A T C GGT AA TTT T T AA TGT Sequence TT TT AAAA A TTTT T C G A T TT AAAA T C G A A T CC GG C G AAAC TTTT TGG AA A A TTG A T A T C A AC T ACC G A T C G A T CC G A GTG AA TT AC T AAAA AA GTTTGT AAAA ACA TG AA TT ACCAA T C G A A G GTTT T T T ACAAAC TT A TTG A T C TT CC G AAAC G A TGT T AA TGGBYG A TG ACC T C TT TTTGT TWTGT AA TTG A ACCA G AAA AA A T A AA AA AC G AA A A T CA T T T C GT AA AA AA TGTGTT C G GT AAAC G A T RA T T TT TT CAAAA G AACCAAAA GG A A G AC GT C A G ACCA AC T ACC TT CA T A C GGT GT C T CC TT TG A GGT CA C T C T GTTTG AAAAACC T C TTYTG ACC C TT CC TG A G C T AAC TG A C G CA GT G A CCA GTTTTT C T CC GTTT CA CCA KGTGT C T G AA A C KTG CC T C TTG CC T GG A GG CC T C TT T GK A MTTTG C TTGGT G A TTG AACACCR C T TT CCC TTTGT TTG AACACCA C GT G C TTGT C T TT G AA C TTG CCAAAAA TT CC TT CA G A G C MT T G A GS CC T GT C KGTGT T G A GTGT AA GTG CAC TTTTT G CA G C GTGT T P rimer 1YF_06GFR 1YF_04FF20 1YF_06GF 1YF_12RAp 1YF_14F23 1YF_04F20 1YF_04FAp S01_NW0R S01 RA 1YF_14FAp 1YF_22GR 1YF_An20_G1F 1YF_An20_G1R 1YF_Ap4790R 1YF_AST_F 1YF_AST_F1 1YF_AST_F2 1YF_AST_F2N23 1YF_AST_F2R23 1YF_AST_F8 1YF_AST_R 1YF_AST_R2 1YF_AST_R3 1YF_AST_R4 1YF_AST_R4N20 1YF_AST_R4N23 1YF_AST_R6 1YF_IR5523F 1YF_CYM137F 1YF_CYM551R 1YF_LY_1370F 1YF_MF1N06 1YF_MF1N22 1YF_MF4R22 1YF_MF4 1Y F 03 1Y F 03 AL 1Y F 11B 4CYM02B_11 An20_S2CF0 An22_S02CF An22_S02CF1 An22_S02CR An23_116047F An23_118153R TG AC ACC T CCC AC G C T CCC A G C TG ACC A A T T A GT CC G C A T CCC G CC AA T CC G CCAC A T CA GT C G T CCC A TG CACCACC TG A GTG C T TT A G TG CACCACC A G C CCCC A G CC AAA C TG AAC G C AC T CCCCA G AA GT A G AA TG CCCC G AAAACC Sequence TG AA G C TT T CRC TG CAC TT CC A G CAC GTGG ACCRC TG A G C T CC C TG A G TGT CA G C GGTT A T CC TG A G CCA TG C GTT GG A GG CACCCA G AC TT ACC TG CACC TGG ACA G A TTT C G T CC ACC TGTGTYGGTTT C G ACA AA ACACACC G CCC GT C TGGT T T CCC CC GT CACCC A AC G TT CAC T CCA GT C A G CA CC GTTT CCA T CCAA A G C CCCC TG ACACACC G CCC GT CACAC TTTT CAAC T CCCC G AA C ACC T TT A ACCAAC TG A G C T T A AAC G C GTT ACC Y TTTT CA GT CC T C TG T CC TGG AC TTG AACCA G A AC G A TG AC G ACA CCA C TTGT C TTGTT A G C T CA GYGGT GT C T TGGTT CAA CCA GG A C T G AACC TG ACA C T TTT CCA GYTGTTGTY CCCC T CCC G C T C TGG T CA GG A GG A G C T CCCA CCAC T C G AACCCA A C T G AC A G A AA CC T G C GG AC T CC G A GG AAACC TTTG C D T CCCACCCCAA G A G C TG CA GTG C T G A A G C GTT CA GGT C TGG AAAC GGYTG T G CC T C G A GTTGT CA G AACCA A ACC T C CCC GTG GT GTGG C GG A G A GT CCA GGTT C G AACA GG A GT G C TT GTGG AC G AA C GG A G CC A GTT TT C TGT CCA GGTG CA GGT GT C TTG CA CAA G T CCC CA G A GG GTT C G A CC TG G AC ACA CCA G CC TTGT C TTG G AAC GT G C T GTGGT Short primer list used in this study. P rimer An_S01_05 An_S01_08 An_S01_03 An_S01_04 An_S01_06 An_S01_07 An_S01_09 An_S01_02 An_S01_01 Table S1. Table An_S01_00 An_S01_10 An_S01_14 An_S01_11 An_S01_12 An_S01_13 An_S01_15 An_S01_16 An_S01_17 An_S01_19 An_S01_18 An_S01_20 IR_S01F1 S01_01NR S01_07F18T S01_07R S01_07R18 S01_14N S01_01N S01_07NF18 S01_07R18F S01_10FE S01_15N S01_20R S01_NW0 S01_00R S01_08R 01_10N09F S01_10R18 S01_16R S01_17N S01_03N S01_06R S01_05FC17 S01_04N S01_07N 84 Journal of Species Research Vol. 6, No. 1 TT CC TT CC TT CC A A A ACCC ACA G TG TGG T CC YTGG YTGG T CC TS C TG C A G A G T A TTGG A ACA GG T C G A TTGT C A GGS C TG C TG CC A T TT C G AC AACC AACCAC TGT CC AACCAC A ACACCC A Y CAA G ARC TT T TT CA TT AAA TT TT CA TG AA TT T CACA G C A AA GG CC TT A A TG A G T CA GT G TT R GG CC AACCC T A G ACC T AA A TT T C G T C GYT TGG A A T TT CCA T C G CCA TTGG ACCA G C Sequence TY AAAAA T CA A G CAC TG C TT CC T CA T C G N A A G C TG TT CA T CCC G AA T C TGT A AACC G A CC A TYGG RA G AC T T A D G C TTG AA T CC TG A T CCCAA A A T RA TGT TGK AACCC W TGT T A T CCCA G AAA AC T C G CAC GT T T CCA A A A A T AAACA TGTTY A G C TG TT CA A K AA G AAA D CC TG AA TG AA TG A TGT T T C G A T TG CA A A A TG AA TT T C TT T CA G AA T A AAA T C G A AA T CAA TG C T TGTT C T T TTTTTTT CCA A G C T TT C TTT CA GG A G AAC T AAC T AAC T A TTG A AAA T A T T T C YG T TT CA TG CC G CCAC T C GG AC TGTGTT C GTGT T A GTTG A ACC GTYT CAA AC GTG CA A GG AA G CA GTG C T AA AAAAA G C T CC TT ACC GT C T CAA T T T A A A A GT CCAA ACAAA G A GT A G CCCAA GT CCAAA G AA C TK ACR C TK AC GTG CA G A C TT CCA CCA C TT G C TTGT C TTGY G C TTGT T C C TT T CCA GT G CCCAA G AA CA C T C T CA G A CCAA A G ACCC CCR G C TGTG A CACCA CCA GTG CA GGT T CAAC G AA CA T G CA ACA AA GTG C TTGTT T GGTG A G A GTGTGG C T GT C T CACA CC T CC T RA AA TT C T G AAC YG A P rimer S02B_27FN17 S02B_27 S02B_23FR02 S02B_25N97 S02B_25 S02B_25N11 S02B_25FC97 S02B_27N23 S02B_27N97 S02B_29 S02B_28 S02B_29A S02B_29B S02B_30 S02B_30A S02B_31 S02B_I11 S02B_I16 S02B_N15 S02B_N15R22 S02B_N22 S02B_I22 S02C_22MK1F S02B_N13R22 S02B_N14 S02B_N14R22 S02B_I27 S02C_22MK1R S02B_I28F S02B_N07R06 S02C_22RE S02C_2456FE S02B_N07F22 S02C_3091RE S02C_4100FE S02C_5259FE 2YF_1908FC55B An23_89873F An23_90320R S03A_01 An23C_89639F S03A_03 S03A_07 S03A_07N23 S03A_08 A G Y CC AC T CC TT CCC TGG T CC A G C T A G C T C ACC A G C TTG C T CCC ACC ACC AC G AAC TTGG C A G C AA T T TTGG AC TTTGG ACA GTTG YTG CAC T C TG AC G TG A AA ACAACC ACAACC A T RAA TGTG AA G T A AAC G A AACAAC G TT C G AACC TGGTTMGG AC TTT T T TTTGG AC AC TTT TGTY A G AA AC TTT T CC GT CCC A TGTG AA T C TTGTTG A G CR A G CR AC GG A A A ACAC G AACAC T TGGTT TGT C TGTT CC TG AAA Sequence TTT T HCCR TT CAACA G A AAA T AA GT TYG C TTGTG TG AAA A A TT TTT T CAAC TT C CC AAA A A AC T T ACA Y TGG AC TYT T C TT A GG T C AA YGGYGTT C TT G T C TYTT A G AACA TT CC K AC T T CAC AC TT RAAC TGTT T A TT CAACA G ACCC AC TTG AAC TGTT C G A G C TG TT MG TTTGG AA TY T CAC Y T TTG AC TGTG AACC TG CA G C TTY TT CCAAA T TGY A A A TT A GTT AAA G A AA G A TTG A A T CCAAC TG CA YGGD A A A GG ACA TT TTY TT CA T ARA GT CCA A AAA GT R GTG A T CCA AAAA G AA AAA T C A GT V G C T T A G C TTT A TGTT T TT CRCA T A A AACA GTTT AC TTG AAA TTY T TT C KK AC T AC TT C M CA AA A G AACACA G CA GT CCCCAA GT C TT CACA T A G AC T CAC TT CACA GTG CAA A T CAA A CA GTT G A G A TTT CAAC G A C TTG AAA C TT CAA G T H C TT CAA G T H C W CAACAA G A GGT C T CACA C T GT CCAAA CAAC YGT CAAC TGT A GY C G AAA GGT C G A GY AAA G CCCAA C G TG AA CA T T CA GT C TT GGMTT CA GTTGT GG A G A G AC T CACA GG A G C T T T TT C K GYGGT CCA G AA P rimer S02A_MK12D S02A_MK12DE S02A_N22R17 S02A_N01 S02B_01 S02B_01A S02B_01N11 S02B_01R06 S02B_01RLL S02B_02 S02B_03 S02B_04 S02B_05 S02B_05I02 S02B_11 S02B_05I05R S02B_05IR_17 S02B_06 S02B_06A S02B_07 S02B_10 S02B_10R S02B_11R22A S02B_07E S02B_09R22 S02B_14 S02B_09 S02B_09N17 S02B_15 S02B_14R S02B_15A S02B_16N11 S02B_16R22 S02B_17 S02B_17FR97 S02B_19N02N S02B_18R17_20 S02B_19 S02B_18 S02B_18N22 S02B_19N23 S02B_19R22 S02B_21 S02B_22 S02B_23 AC T C G T C A ACC A T CC AAC TG C T AC TT C T TTT CCCC AC G AACCC TGT C TG TGTMTG AA AC GG C AA GTGG TT C TG AC TT CCC TTGG T C GYGG T C TG AC T TGT TT C G A A T T C GTGG AACA G CC A A TG ACAAC G C A T T T T T AA AAC TGT CC AA T CCCC CCC T Y TGGWGTTGGTG AA AA G AACA AA G ARCA T CA TG ACAAC G C T TG C G CCC CCAC Sequence AA TGTT CA AA A TTGGK CAC A A A G AA T T T T T TTG A TTG A AA ACCAA AA A G AA GT AC T CCCC CCC A TG A G C CCCC TG A G C TGY CCC AA A A A GG AA G CA GTG A G AA GT T T CA GTT T T TG A A T ACAA A ACAACC TTTT TT C TGG A T AC T TGT C T CAA Y A ACC TTTGTT TY T CA AACA A G AAA AA T C TG ACCAAC TTG C T TTT CCC T TT T TTTG A G CACAA TT CC T TT A A AAAAACCA A GT A T T T YTGGT CA TTT CCC T TTGGT CA TT AC GTTTYTTTGG RAC TG C AC GTTT C TTTGG AACC G CC ACAA AA G ARA 1 CA G C T ACC T CA GGTTGGTT G A G C TG CCCAA GT TTTTG A GTTTG AAAAACC T C TT TG ACC GGT GT CC GGT G A CAC TG C TT CC T G CA GTT CCAAAAAAAC GT CC TTTT G AAA AC T CA CAC TG C TT CC T C TGYT TT G CCA GTY CCAAARAAAC GT CCA G ACA C TTTT T CAAA G AAAC C T CCAC G CA CCAC G CA AAA G AA GT CCC CCCC G AAAAA AA GT CCC CC CACA TG A CC Y C TYG TTGTTTTTGGT G ACCAAAAACAA CRA R GG G ACCAAAAACAR C A GG AA GG AA T CCA GTT CACAC GG CC TGTTG C TG G AACA G A C G ACCAA G AACA C T G A C T C ontinued. P rimer Table S1. Table S02A_03N02 S02A_04 S02A_07R22 S02A_07R97 S02A_03R02N S02A_07R22N S02A_08 S02A_07R02 S02A_08E S02A_04I S02A_04F06 S02A_07R06 S02A_06 S02A_06F11R11 S02A_06F1E S02A_06N22 S02A_06R S02A_06RF06 S02A_06FFEN S02A_06FF06 S02A_07 S02A_08FE S02A_09RE S02A_10F1NE S02A_10F1E S02A_10F22 S02A_10F23 S02A_10FE_19 S02A_12MKFE S02A_10FE_20 S02A_12MKE S02A_13 S02A_13R S02A_13R100 S02A_14 S02A_14F06 S02A_14R06 S02A_22MK2F S02A_D03 S02A_22MK2R S02A_H13F S02A_I03 S02A_I12 S02A_I01 S02A_I11 February 2017 Park et al.-Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae cp-genome 85 AC A G C AC T CC A G A G A G T T C T C A GTG T CC A GG TTGTG T CC TTTGTG TTTGTG T A GG G T CCAC AAA G AC T C T TG CCC T TGTGTTG YGG AA G TTTGTG TMG A G C A TGGMTG T CC G C TG A GTT CC TK A GTT C A G CA TGG AA GG T A A T AA G CA AAA ACA G C T AARA AA TT CCA T CC G CA A G CA AA G C GT CC TG A G CCAAC T TG AAAAA GG C A T A GTGG Sequence TT AAA AC G AACR AA C TTGT CCACC TTT TT C G AACC TT C G AACCRCCC TT C G AACCAC TT C G AACCRC T T A G ACCA A GT A A A A TGYGG CA AC GTGTTT CC G T C TTT G AA AA A TTT TT C T CCCAA YTT CCAC TGT T TG CC TT AA GG CA AA GG CA ACC T A GGT TTTG A TTG AAAC TYG C T T TYTT TT AA TGG ACRAA A A GTGTGYG AC T C TT C T CCCAA T CCAC RCC TT RA TG C T TG C T TG C T TG C T A AA GGY T ACCAA GT C TG AAACC T A G C T TT R ACA GTGG AAR T CCA G C CC TT C GT G CC TT C GT G CC TT C GT G CC TG CCRCA TG C GG A TY A A T CCAAA G AACCA GT CAA AC GB ACAA A G A G A G A G AC TT CAACC G A TG C TT AACCCNAAAA G AACCA CCC TT CCA G A G A C TT CCAA G A GT CRCACAC T T C T CA G AACCCA CACCC TT CCA GT GT TTG A TTG A G CAAA GTG AAAA C Y T G AAC T CA G C Y A G C K A GTTGT C G AAAA CAA A A G G AC C TT GT C TG CR G AACCC TGT GT TTG A C T GTTGG C T C GT G CC GG A CACAA GYGGTT C G AA GT G C TT YGTT GT CACAAA G A GYGGTT C AA GGT ACACC T CC T CA K CCA CAC T CAACACA G AAA P rimer S04_13F06R S04_13F20 S04_13FF20 S04_13R11 S04_14 S04_14N11 S04_15A S04_15F22 S04_17 S04_17N17 S04_07 S04_08A S04_09R S04_09R06 S04_10R06 S04_12N06 S04_05NF20 S04_08B S04_08FAL14 S04_09 S04_13 S04_13F06 S04_05FR S04_17N22 S04_01R S04_05FF20N S04_17N23 S04_04RF20 S04_05FF20 S04_04N22A S04_05F FA N S11 FAR N S11 S04_17N23R S04_17R23 S04_20R S04_20R23 S04_20 S04_21 S04_21F06 S04_22 S04_22R S04_23 S04_23R S04_24 A G T CC TG C TG C TG C TG CA G ACC T CC G T CCC T TGG T CC G TGG A G TGG TT CC TGG AC A AAA G C T CA G TT C G AC A T C A A G GG A T CCC T CCA G A T CAC TG C ACACCC T T CA T CA T TT C G AC A A G CA A G CA AC TG C AC TG CA G T CAACCC TG AACCC A A A TT T T TT T T CCACACC T TGG CA GG C A A AC T TT CA A T T TT C G A T C G CCA Sequence TGG ACA TGGTT T CCA AC G AA GG A GTG ACC T C Y CAA G TT CC GGT C TG A T CAA T T C T T CC TG A TGG CA G A GG C A AC T CC G ACA C AC T CC G ACA C AC T CC G ACA C AC GG A TT CC T C A G A A AC GG A T C TGTT CC G TGT C G AA A T TTT CAAA T TTTG AA TTTG AAA TGT TGT C T YT AA A A G CA A G ARAA TGT ACA G A CCAA AC T CAA TTTTG A GT C T G TT CCCCAA TG A TT CCCCAA T T T T A AC T C AAA T CC TTT T CC TTT T CC TTT TT C GT G YGT T A GTTG AACCC T TTT C TT T TGG C TG AA AAC T CCC G A AAC T CCC G A A ACC G C TG A GTT ACAAA G A GT A A GT T CA TGT GT CAC GY C G A GGT G C TTTT CC TTGTGT R A C T CA G CCC TMTTGTT CC A G CCC TMTTGTT CC A CC TG AC GT AAA G CAAC AC TGG A GTGG C T RAC CCCAC CCA G G CCC T R G A C G A AC T CAAAA CC TT CCC G A C T C G A GT G A GTG A G C TT A CA C G A GT CCA GG AA C T CACCAAA G CAC AAA CC C T AA G A C T TGG A G CA GTG A C G A G CC TG CCA TTG A GT CAC GY C G A GGT A TT C TGGTGTGG A G A CAAAAC T CCA TT GT C T CC T C T TG A CC YT C T TG A CA AC TT C T P rimer S03B_07 S03B_08 S03B_09 S03B_10 S03B_10S S03B_11 S03B_12 S03B_13 S03B_14 S03B_15 S03B_16 S03B_16R S03B_D05F S03B_I04F S03B_I04R S03B_I07F S03B_I13R S03B_I14F S03B_IN01F S03B_IN01F2 S03B_IN03F S03B_IN05R S03B_IN06R S03B_IN07R S03B_N01 S03B_N02 S03B_N04 S03B_N04R S03B_N05 S03B_N13 S04 R 02 S03B_N07 S03B_N10R S03B_N14 S03B_NN02F S03B_N11F S03B_NN04R AN23_89873F An23_90320R An23C_89639F AP04_01RF AP04_05F AP04_11 N S04 F 14 N S04 FAL TT C G TG AA G AC TGG AC G T C G AC T CC G AA G A K G T CC T CC G T CCC A A YGT TTY C T A A G CC T CA M CCC A GG G TG A GG CCC A YT A G C T CC A G GTG ARCC TT C TG T T TTY C T A GTTG TT CCCC T T A G T C TGGTG A GTTG AC TT TG ACC G T C GT ACA G TTGG AACC A T A T TT CACA AA Y C T CCCAA G TTTG A YG A Sequence A G ACAC C YTT YGG A TGG A GG AAC ACC T CCCAA G A T C CACACC AC T C Y A A A ACCAA T T TTG A T A AC TT TT CC TT CC T C T T T T A AAC T CA TT CCA TGG ACAA A AA GG ACC G C T TGT C T CC TTG AA GT AA G CC TT C AA TTGTT CCA G A C T C YGGG AAAA G CC A A T T CC GTYTTT C RC TTGT CCA T TGGT TG A GTT T CAA T A G C TGG ACAA A TG A AA T TGT A AR AC G A TTG CCCCA T C AC G A T A A T C GTG CA T C GG A GTTTG AA G TTG C TTGTTG AACCC TG T TGTG A ACR TTGGT C TG A GGTT T CCC G C TTT CCCA TG AC TT CCACCAC GT C TTT CA A G CAC TT AA AAA GTTG CCA G A GT ACR 2 G A G A RAA C TT C TGT C TMT M C TT T C TTKTTTGT G A T AC TT GT CAAC T GG AA K A RAARCAA GGG AA K A KG GT C G GT G C TT AC T CA G A T C GTYG A G AA CC GTT C T C G A AACC G A CC GG CA T C TTG A G C T TGG AACAA C T CC GTGG AA GT G A C G A G C T GGTT T CCA C T CC TTT A G CCC YT C TT CAAAC T CC G A G AA GTG AAA G A G CA AACCAA GT CAA A CAA G A C T GT CAA CC TT CCC G A CC TT CCC G A G AC TTGGTT C TG TT CC T GTTT C T C ontinued. P rimer Table S1. Table S03A_08N22 S03A_13 S03A_14 S03A_10RAL14 S03A_10RR S03A_13RE S03A_09 S03A_10 S03A_14R23 S03A_15 S03A_16 S03A_17RC97 S03A_17 S03A_17R22 S03A_14N18 S03A_17RFC97 S03A_20 S03A_18 S03A_I00 S03A_I07 S03A_I08 S03A_I12R S03A_I18 S03A_I12 S03A_21 S03A_I15 S03A_I22 S03A_N02 S03A_N06 S03A_N09F23 S03A_N19N22 S03B_02N09 S03 AR S03B_02 S03A_N07 S03A_N17 S03A_N19R S03B_01 S03B_03N10 S03B_04 S03B_05 S03B_05F23 S03B_05F09 S03B_06F09 S03B_05FF02 86 Journal of Species Research Vol. 6, No. 1 TTG C A G AC AAA G C T A G C TGG A G A TG AA G AC T C TGG A G C TGG ACAAC T TG CA T C A TGT C ACC A ACC G A A TTG A TTG CC AC TG T C GT T A GTG A ACC ACAC AC T C GG A T C G CC A GTTGG T C G AC T T C G AACC T YTT ACC T AA G CCC GTG T T RCCA G A AAA TTG CC G T CCAACAC T C G A GT A GT T T T TGG C TT TG CC T TTGTT ACC TT CCC A ACA GT TWT AA TTT CA TG A GT TTG AACCC A G AA TTG AACCC T C G A T C G A ACC T T CCCCAAC G Sequence T TGTT ACAAC T CA A AAC YG CA TT AA T TTTGG AA T TTG AACAA GT TG CR GTT TG A A A G A G ACC TT C CCAC TTG CCA A G C T ACC TG AAA G AACC C A G C T AC T T TTT C TG ACCV GG TGTT C TG A TGTT C TG A TGG CAA AAC T CC CAACC TG T C G A TT TT A A A A T CA G AACR AAR AA GT CCC T TT T A A T CAA T AC TM AA T AC G A C TTGT AC T CA TG CACCC GGTG CC GT T TG CA T TTT T CACAR G AA TG ACCA A ACCA GYT T A A A T C Y CCCAACA AC TTGTT CAA T T TTTT CRCA TGYG AAAA TTYT CACA T T T A GG CA TT A A TG AC T T TGTT TT CCC TTG AC T C GT TMGTMTTTTTG CCC TGG TG A A A G CA T CAACCCACCC TT G C TT CR C TT G C T C MGGTTG A GG GTT CCA GT CCC T CC G A GT GT CACCA M AAACA G A AC T G CAA C TG GTG A G AAA GTG CC GT GT C T A GG C G A CCA T CAC T G CCA CC BGGT CA G AAA G A CA G A TT CC MGG RAA CA G ACA G AA CCA C GG CAA TG A G AC T CAA CAA CAA CCA T CA CC G C GG CCCCC TT CA CACCA G C TTTG AA G A CAA T G AA CC G A GTTGT GTTGT GTTTTTYT CCAA P rimer S06A_H03RF S06A_H04R S06A_I00 S06A_I00R S06AB_NFR55B S06AB_NR S06A_I03R S06AB_NF S06B_02 S06B_01 S06B_02FN06 S06B_02F1N06 S06B_02FF06 S06B_02R S06B_05 S06B_08 S06B_08R22 S06B_10 S06B_14 S06B_14FR06 S06B_14R S06B_15F20 S06B_16FAp S06B_18 S06B_16 S06B_17FR97 S06B_16R11 S06B_17R06 S06B_17R06R S06B_18F06 S06B_19 S06B_19R17 S06B_23 S06B_22 S06B_23F23 S06B_23F06 S06B_23R S06C_02FRC97 S06B_O18F S06C_01A S06C_01 S06C_03F22 S06C_03F23 S06C_04 S06C_05FF22 T C TG TTG AA G A A GG AC TT CC T A G AC G AC T TG AAC A T A TGG T CR GG ACCC T A TM CC AAC GG TT CCC T C TT CCCC T T CC TG AACCAC T C Y CC AA GG C T C TG T CC C TG TG A G T T CCC G CA TTG ACCC A A AA G A C A G C BGTTG A TY CC T C A TT CAR T C CC AAACAR GG T CCC AA G ACCC T T TG A AC T CA G A TG A GT AA TTG A G TT AAA GT H T A AAC GT Sequence A G CA A G CA T TT CAAR A T A A GT C T G AC AC T C TT CCA AACCAACCC G C AA ACCACCC TT CC ACA T TGG AA GTG A AAA ACC G C YTTTG T T A AA A GTT CA C GG T AC GT T TG CC TTGTTT TT C GG AA T CR TT A GTT CCV G CAAC T C TT RC CA G ACC AAAAR GT CA T A TGTTTTTG C YGGT TGG AA T A TG A GTGTGTG AC TTG T A G C GG TTT YTTG AA A AA GT CCC T A TT CC G AA T T TT C TGTTG CACCAA T CC TGT TG A A GT A T C CAA TTG A T A GG CA T CAC TT CCA T A AAA G ACAAC TG A CCAAC A A D AC TTT AC T TT C T TTGTT T T CAAA TT CC T C T AA AA TG A TG CC C Y AC YG A G ACA GG A ACCACA CAACV G C T C GG R G A CA CA G A GTTTTTG C TGGT ACCR G CAAAAACA CAAAR G C GGT G CC TT CAC TG AA CAAA GGTT C TT CCA CC T CA C G R G A C T CCA G AAA G A GG AA CAA GT CACACAC T CA A T CC YG A G CAC TGTT G C AACCA CC T CC T G A G C T TT GT CCAAAC GT C T G ACA A CCAAAC GT C T CCAA G ACAAC TTT C AC CCC T C TG AC G AA A GT C T C G AAA CAA G C Y TT C TTT TTGT CAA G A GG RA CC GGG A G C T GT P rimer S05_18R S05_19 S05_19R S05_19RFE S05_20 S05_20N20 S05_20R S05_22 S05_22RN S05_24N06 S05_24F06 S05_24NR S05_27 S05_27R S05_28 S05_28F22 S05_29N23 S05_29R06 S05_30F22 S05_30N20 S05_31N20 S05_32 S05_33R22 S05_33 S05_34R23 S05_34RF22 S05_35N22 S05F_10F23 S05 FR 11 S05_36B S05_C10F 55B06B_01R 55B06B_02F S05_A10FR AP06B_06 AP06B_17R AP06C_03 AP06C_05 AP06C_06 S06A_00R S06A_00RC97 S06A_02N06 S06A_03 S06A_03R S06A_05 AC G TG T CC AC A ACCAC TG AR G C T ACC G C AC G C T C TG T CCC G TTT C TT C G TT C G T AC T C G T C TGG A TG CCC TTTT A TTT CC A AAACC TT TGGM A G T CAC C TT A G AC A T ACAACCC A AAA A T C GTG A T A TTTGT C TGTGGT T ACCAA G A T CCC G CA T TG A TT AACAC G CC A T TGTT CC A AARCAAC T Y T AA YGT CAACCC AC GTG AACC A GTT Sequence T TT ACCAA AC GT CAACCC A TTG CC G C TT T A TT CCC T CAC G C T AA ACA AAAC T CA TT A AC GTGTTT C TG A A TG AA G CC T CCC AA ACC G V TTGTG A TTG AA T C TTTT GT T AA G C TGTG ACAC TT AACC GTT T TG CCCAA A TG C TY CCA TG C TT CCA T T CCACAAAC G RC A TTTGT CCA TT C TGG ACAAA A GT ACCAA GGY AA GT T C GK CA T TGT T A AA TGG RA G CA TT CAA G RC T AAC T TG CC TT C G CCA A G CA T T A TTT C T CC GG CCAA G TT CCA GTT CA G C GT CAC TG ACCA G AA AA TG AACAC G A A G AA TTTGTG CAA GT ACCCAAAACAAAC G C AA A AC TT CAACC G A A TG CCAAC T A GG GT 3 G AAA C TK CCA T C G AACCCA GTTT CA G AC TTGGT C GT CCA T GG C TTT GTG TTTGGTG A G G CAC TGTT C T C T AA G GT C G CAC T CAC TTTTGT C TGTTGT C G AC T G A GTG C G AA G C T CA CACCC T CAA A GG AAA G CAC TT CA GT G C GTTTGTTTTGGGT TGG AA A G C ACC TTTT TT CCAAAA CAA G C A T C GY GTTTGTGG A GT G ACAAA GGT C GT T GG A G AC T G ACAAA GT C G CAC T GGTTT RCC TTGGT CAC G A GT C T G A GTTT C TTGG CA G T GTTG C BGG AAC T C ontinued. P rimer S04_24N20 S04_24R20 Table S1. Table S04_25R22 S04_IN07RR S04_I10 S05_34R23 S04_D15 S04_I21 S04_IN01F06 S04_D05 S05_04F55B AP05_14 AP05_29 PH05_16 AP05_03 S05_05 S05_06 S05_07 S05_09 S05_09FE S05_06FE S05_08 S05_08F23 S05_03A S05_03R22 S05_04 S04_24E S05_00 S05_00R S05_03FAP S05_06R97 S05_10F22 S05_12FR22 S05_13F100 S05_13F22 S05_13FFCT S05_12F22 S05_12F06A S05_14 S05_16 S05_16RE S05_16R S05_17R22 S05_16RF97 S05_18 February 2017 Park et al.-Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae cp-genome 87 TG C A GG Y C TG A G TG AC TTG T CCC TG C TGG TTG C T C TG A GG TG A GTG T C G A TG CC A TG A A A T CCAC TT CCC AA AA T C GG T C A T TG CA TT C GTTG YY CA G CC A GT TTT AC T C GT G AACC T C TG T CCAA G CAC TG AC T CCC A TTT AC G A GTG TGG CAR GG TG C T CA A G CA AAA GT C TTG T CAA AAA TTG C TGT TTTT CA GT C T A TG C GT AAA Sequence TT CCRCCCA G T CAAAR A TG AAC T TGGT CA AC T CAA G C YG TT AC TG C TTTT AA GT C TYG TTGG AA GTYT C G TTGG AA GT C T G TTGG AC T T TTG A G CA TG CACAAAAA TG CC G A A GT T T CCNA GTTTTG C TGT CCCC T A TG C Y CAAAAC TYGT A A A AA WG C T TT CCA TTT CAA GG A AC T ACA A GT A GT A GT TT TTTG AACCA G C GT ACAA G A A A G TGY CC CCAA G C TGT T T T TT CC TG A AAC G A TT C GTT CRCC GG AA AAA G CA CCCAA C AAA G CA CCCAA C T T T A TG C G A A A A T A TY A T T T T TG RA TT TT A AA G CA AAAA GT TT TTTG AACCAA T C TTT T C G ACAC AA GT CCC TGT T Y AA AAA A GTT CC T TG C G A G AAA G AA T CCA TTGG CA G A G ACAC A GG G A G A CCCAA CAAC TTT GTTGTGG CAA ACA GTTG C T CC TG CC YG CCCAA G ARA A ACCC CA GG ACCCCAC T AA A G GMT G AC TTT CA C T GT CCHA G A CAA G C TTG A GT A C TGT C TTG A G CC CCA G A CAC TGTTG A C T C TT GTGT G A G A G A G AC T CAC A AA CCC TTT CAC T C GT C G A CCCC GT CA CCC AC GG A GTTG AC G A T CA GG AA GTG AA CCA GG A GG A CCA C TT CCCCA G AC GG TGT C TGG A P rimer S07C_08F22 S07C_08F02 S07C_07RE S07C_08B S AA 1 S07C_09 S07 F S78_03F S AA 2 S AA 6 S AA 5 S AA 4 S A B1 S AA 8 S A B2 S AA 7 S A B3 S A B4 S A B8 Tugu_FSP S A B7 S A B6 Tugu_RSP An23C_36128F An23C_36623R AP08A_01F AP08A_04FR AP08A_02F AP08A_04 AP08A_04F AP08A_04R AP 08 F DEN_TS1A_F0 DEN_TS1A_RB S08A_01 S08A_01F23 S08A_01F23A S08A_M01 S08A_02F23 S08A_I02 S08A_N01 S08A_N01RR S08A_N02 S08B_02 S08B_01 T T C AC T CC T C A G AC T C T C AC T C A A GTG TG A A G TG C TG C AC A A G C A G C T T C G T CAC G TTGG A GTG TTTGT TT T CC TGG A GGTG A G C TTT TG ACCC AC T C A A T CC GTT TYGGT T AA G TT AC GTG AA G TG ACCA TTTGGT T T C TT CCAC A T T CCA A G CA A T CAA G CC C TG AC T TT A ACCCA G AC ACC TTT CA G T C G AAAC AC G AA AAA G CCCC Sequence T C G CA T A T C G CA T TTTG AAC G A GT C TGT T C GTT TT CAC T A TT TGT CR G C T CAA AC T TG ACA G A AC T TG AA TG CAC GTGGTT C T ACA A A GTT TT CC G ACAAC C T T AA AC G A GT AA A G CA KTT CCAA AC TT CC TTGGT T A GT T CCC C TTT CC G TG CC T C TTTTT TG CC T C TTTTT T CA AA AA TGG C G AAA T A G TT CA Y T TG ACCA T C TGY CA A G CA A A G GGG AC TTG AAC AC G AAA A GTT TT A T C G AACC A T T YTTTG A T A T CC G AACAC TTG CCCC TG CC TYTTTTT C T TG A TTG A G C YG ACA TTG A GT C T TG CACC AAA AAC GG A AAA ACA A T C G AA G C TTGG RCA GG GTT GT CA GTTT C TTY CCC T GT CC T C TTT GG ACAAC A GTGTT C TTG A G AAA CCAAA G C TTT GG C YTGTTT CCAA AA G AA G C AA GTT CAC GG GT GGTT G CAC GT GTTB AA GG C GT GG A CC G A C T G ACAACAAACA GT GT G A G A GTG A CC G A G C TTGGTTYG A T CA T C G AA GTT CAA GT CCC T C G AC T CCCCA GG A CCC G CACCC CA CA G A CA GG AC TG AAAA C G AACR GT C G AA C T CC GG AAAC G AAAAA GTTT C TG TTY G A GTTT C CACC T C G A P rimer S07_YCF3Ap3R S07A_06R S07A_06RF23A S07_YCF3Ap3F S07A_06RFF23A S07A_10F06 S07A_10F1E S07A_10F22 S07A_10FRE S07A_11N06 S07A_15R17 S07A_17FAL S07B_01 S07B_05N97 S07B_06FE S07B_06FEN S07B_07 S07B_01F23 S07B_05 S07B_08 S07B_09 S07B_11 S07B_12F06 S07B_13N22 S07B_12RAp S07B_18FAp S07B_13R09 S07B_14 S07B_14F06 S07B_15A S07C_00F06 S07B_A04F S07C_01 S07C_01F22 S07C_01R S07C_01RF1E S07C_01RF22 S07C_02 S07C_04 S07C_04N23 S07C_05F22 S07C_06 S07C_06F23 S07C_06FR20 S07C_07 T C ACC TT C TG TG C G T CC ACC TT C A G AC C T C CC TG C T CC TGG C TT C TTG C T C CCC ACCAC T CCC T CR GG A AA G C AA GT C A T C G TG C T A T T C TGG T T C TT CAAA G C AAA A G TT AA A A G CCC TTTT A TY CA T TG CCCA G T C CC TG A G CC T CCAAC G T A G CCCC TT A A G C T CA T CCAA GTG A GG R A ACA TTGGT TT YT C G AACC T ACA T C TT CAACC Sequence A G C T CA GG A G GT R TT CAAR AACCAC TG A G ACRA TGT CR G C T CAA AA G AAA T CAA TTGT A G AAA TTT CA G AA T A AC TGG AA GG A T CC C GTGT CACC T CR TTT C G CCA TT CC G ACAAC C TTT AC GG A AC TGG AA GG A TT TG C TY CCA T CCCAR GT T AC GTG C G T A AC T C TG C T CAA A A G AAC GG A G GGG AC TTG AACC TG CC T C TTTTT AA AC T T T Y TG CA GTT T TT TTT C T CC GG CCAA G T AC T AC TTGTGTGG A AACC T C TG A G TT TGG C G AAA T TG CA AAC GG A A A T TTTT CA GT CC T C TG T A GGTT CCA G AA AAA ACCAA TG A TTTG AAC TGGTG ACAC G A ACA GG A 4 G CAA A G AACA CCCC T GG AA C G A C T CA GTGGTT G CAA C T CC GG AAAC G AAAAA GTG A G CCC C TT GTT C G A GT CC TGTG CCCA GG RC T CA GG TGG CA AC G CC T C GTG A C TTG T GT CA GTTTTGTT C MT CCC T G CC CCC YG AAA TTT CC GG A GTKTT C G ARA GTTGG R A GGG A G A CCC C TT C T GGTT CAA GT CCC T C C TG AAAA C T CC G CAA G A GT G ACC T CAA GGTT TGG CAAA G A AAA G A G A AACCAC T C GG CCA GT C T G ACAAA GTTT C TTGG CA G T T CCA C G AA GT C GT C GTT C ontinued. P rimer S06C_08 S06C_07 Table S1. Table S06C_08FR06A S06C_08F23 S06C_08N18 AP07A_07F S07C_05F22 S06 FA S06 FAR An23_49470R An23_54693R S06 F AP07A_07FR AP07A_09R AP07B_01 AP07B_01F AP07B_01F1R AP07B_06 BR_LFF0 BR_LFF1 AP07C_04 BR_LFF2 BR_LFF4 BR_LFR1 AP07C_06F BR_LFR3 BR_LFR4 CTR_3YCF3R CTR_ndhCR CTR_psaAR gcc R IR_S01F1 f CAUR IR_S01R2 S05_10F22 PH07B_11 Lcaa_AR S05_12F22 S05_17R22 S05_33R22 S07_08R S07_YCF3Ap1R S07_YCF3Ap2F S07_YCF3Ap1F S07_YCF3Ap2R 88 Journal of Species Research Vol. 6, No. 1 AC TG Y T C T C G A G CC T CC T CC A G C TGG A G T T CC C TT CC TT CC A A AA TT C TG A GT C T C Y T TTGG A GT C TTGGT C AC TG C T C G A TT CCRC T TGT A TG AC C AC G A C T C TG A A T CCA GT CC T CCA GT A T C TG AC T T CARC GTT C T ACACAA G C A G C Y TTT CCA A AA A G TG AA A TTTG AAC TGG TTTG AR GG TTG A AACA MGTG C TTT CA Y CC T T CC AA AA YGGT C TTG A TT CC G C TG Sequence TT A G C T A A G C T A MG AA G ACC TTGG CAA G A GG ACACAACAACC A T TT CAA G A TGT ACA G CA TG AA TGG A TTGK A TTGT A TTGT A Y TT TTTGTG C TTGTGG T CCA TY CA A TT CA TGT TGT A A TTT T TTT C TG CC G TT A A TM CAA A A AAACC G AAA ACCCC A TT C G AACCCA T T CAA T T TT CC A GT A GG ACA K GGT C TT ACC TGTT C TT CC T T TT CCC T CA T TY TT C GG A GTTGTTG A GG TT CCAAA TT CA GG AACA G A T CCCC G CC A A G TT TT CA TTGGTT AAA ACC T CCA A TG ACCAACA GTDGTT C G T CA G A A GGTG AA GG GT AA GTG A G C T GT C G AA CAA G ACCR TT CA G A GTT CC T GYGTTT G R G CVA C T TT CA G AA G C T CA G AAA AA ACCCC TTTG C CC Y C TTG CCAA G AA ACC TMTGT CC T TGG A G AA ACC TMTGT CC T TG AA G A GTTGGT CAA GGT CAC TG A G C GTTT CC TT CAAA C G ACACCCR A A CC YT CAAA C G A CCAA C G A CA GGTTGYTGTGT GG A C TT CCCA G A GT G AC T G CAC KTGTT G ACA GT CCC G AC TT CACC T C C T C TG ACCC TTTT T CCACAA G CACAAA A GYGG AA C TG ACCC TTTT GT P rimer S09A_12FFF23 S09A_12N22 S09A_14R S09A_12R23 S09A_14 S09A_13 S09A_15 S09A_16 S09A_17 S09A_18 S09A_18F23 S09A_18R S09A_18FR22 S09A_19 S09A_19R S09A_19RF S09A_19F02 S09A_I05F S09A_N16R_21 S09A_I06 S09B_01R11 S09B_00 S09B_01 S09B_01R S09B_03 S09B_12R23 S09B_03N20 S09B_04 S09B_06R S09B_09F2N22 S09B_09F3N22 S09B_09FAp S09B_11 S09B_13F20 S09B_13FR22 S09B_14F100 S09B_03R S09B_06 S09B_11F06A S09B_16F23 S09B_17A S09B_21 S09B_22F22 S09B_21R S09B_22R22 AC T C TG T T CCC TT C G TG C T CCC T CC C T C G A ACCAC T CCA G A GG TT R G C TGG A T T CCC G C AA G CCC AAAA G C T C CAA G A G CAAC AA T C CC A T T AA TT CCA G C A T T T CCA G CA AA G CC C AA TT C TG A T ACC T C TT TTT C T CC TG ACAA G AA GG A ACAC G ACC A Sequence T T TT CAAAACC G T AAACAA ACC G A CC GT C TTTT T TTT A G CAACAAA A G T CAAA G C GG ACC TG AA A T CAAC GTT CC A A TG CA G CAA AR G CC C GG T T AC TT CC CACC TG A G CC T AA A G CAA AA T C CC TG G A A G AA GT CC TT C T TT T T T TT C G A CC AC TTT C G A T TTG AC T C G AAAC TG A A A AAAA GTGTG A A AA T ACRACCCAA G AA T TTTT ACCAA TY C TTT T CACAC TTTT T A G TGT A A GTTTT C G AC TTTT A TTTGG C T CAC G AAACCC G AAAC T CCC TT TTG C TT T C TGTT A T TTT TTT C T CCCCACACCCC ACA G CCAA ACACCCA TTG C TG TGG A AA TGT T CAA ACC G A TT T CCA TTG AA A G CC CACC AC AA A AAA G C TT CCA A G AA T TT CCCC T T T CC G C A A AACCA TTTTTG A TT CCAA T CAC CACA TTT TT CA AA A CCC T AA GT GT T G CA GT AC G AA AC GT C T A G AC TG ACCC TTTT CA GTTT C G A GT CAA G AA G AA TG AA A GTGGT T C G AA A GTG CACCAA G CRA GTTT A GTY G AA GT T C TTGT CA C G TT G CAA C TGT CA GT CA G CA A GTT A GT CCAC T CA G CCA S R A G CC C GG YT CACC T G A GTT GTT CC G A GGT CA G AA A GT CC T AC G A CAAC T C G CACACAC CCC A GTG A GT GGTTTG C TG A P rimer AP09A_05F AP09A_07 AP09A_08 AP09A_09 AP09A_11 AP09A_12F AP09A_18RF AP09A_19F AP09A_19FN AP09B_11R AP09B_22F AP09A_12 AP09A_11F AP09A_16F AP09A_18 AP09A_19FR AP 09 A B F AP 09 A B R AP09B_03R AP09B_04 AP09B_08 AP09B_18 AP09B_32 S09A_02FF06 S09A_04 S09A_04F20 S09A_01RF22 S09A_02F06 S09A_02FF22 AP10B_G01F PH09_ES1F S09A_01 S09A_05 S09A_05R17 S09A_05R18 S09A_06 S09A_07 S09A_08 S09A_08F22 S09A_08FR22 S09A_09 S09A_11 S09A_12 S09A_12F22 S09A_12FF22 AC TGG AC ACC A G CC T C G T C G T C GG T C GG AC G T TG AC AC TG T CC TG AC TT CC AAA G C T CC AA T CC TTTG C Y CC G A AA GG A GG G TTG A G A GG G A A YTGG T C TTG T CA TT CA TYG A TGGT C TGG ACACAA G C T CC TTT ACC T C G CC ACC TT T CA A A GGTGT TG A GYG C T TG A Y CCAA AA GT CA AA GT CA Sequence TGGT T CC CA G ACC T AACAA ACA GT CC C AC G CC TT AAC T T CC TTT H CCC T C G A CAA T CA ACAAA GGTTGT TT R G C TGTTTTTG TTT CCAA AA A AAAA G CA TTG AA A TTT T TGG A ACAA TGG A TT YTTGT TTG A TT CCC G C T TT C G AACCCA A AAC T TT C T CA A T C TTT CAA GG AA G CC T C CCA ACC AA G CC T C Y CCA ACC T CCCC GYTG CC ACAC T TT TT CC TG A AAA G A C GTTT CCAC T C TTT CAA GG TG AC TT TT CAA G A A TT AA T CCCC G CC AAC G CCA AA GG C GT AA GG C GT TT AACCAAC TT C T ARCCAAC TT C T A A G TG CC GGTTTT CAA G AC TTT CCCC TT T TG AA GTT A ACA A G C TGTT GG AACCCAC A T 5 G ACA GG ACA T C G AA GT C G AA A GT C TG ACCCA TTGT C G A CC G A G C T G C T G A GGT C GT Y CCA GTGG AAAC G C T TTT TTG AACA G A CACCA GTTG A GTG AACCA G CC T CA A C GGTTT C GYG CA TTG AAAAA GG AA G AC TT C TGT CAA GT C T G AACCC CA TT CC CAAC G AA G AC TG CAAA GG A C TT CC G A G C TTT CCAA GTT C G A GG A G C T CC GGT TTG AAAACC C T CAA GT GGT C T T C TT G AAA AC T C TTGGT CC T C TTTT G A C T C ontinued. P rimer S08B_05 S08B_03 S08B_03N17 S08B_04F22N S08B_04 S08B_05FC17 Table S1. Table S08B_05FE S08B_11 S08B_11N17 S08B_06 S08B_10N05 S08B_14 S08B_14FE S08B_13R S08B_14F06 S08B_14F22 S08B_07 S08B_12 S08B_13 S08B_14F22N S08B_08 S08B_10 S08B_14FEF S08B_14RN17 S08B_I11F S08 FA S09B_09F2N22 S09B_09F3N22 S08B_09 02 S08 FAF S08 FN S09 RF 23 S08B_18F S08B_18 S08B_17F06 S08B_CT11F S08B_I05 S08B_17 S08B_16 04_S09A_12FF S08B_18F55B An20_23850F S08B_19 An20_24301R AP09A_03 February 2017 Park et al.-Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae cp-genome 89 TG AA A G AA G ACC TGG AC AA G C TT CC A G AC A T CCCC A GTGG YG CA G ACCAC TT A TGT TG A ACCC G C AAAAACC T T C CC T C CC AAACCCAC T AACA G AC TTGT C T ACA GTTTGG TGTGGT TGTT A AC TT C GG T TGT CA G C AACA G AC T C CCCC T CA A GTTT T T CCA A Sequence T TTG CC YG A G TT TT CA A A G ACCA ACA G CA C TTG A A G A T T CAAA TGT C T T C TGG A G C T TGG C TG A GTGG AC T CAACAAAAAC GG AAAC T AA G CA AA AA G CA A G ACA TT TG A TG AC T T CAAACC G AAA ACCCC A AC T C CAAAC N TTYG TT AACA T TGG AA T A T A G C GGGT A S T CCAC CA G CCA ACCAC T A GG CANC GGGTTTTGGT CC GTKTGG CAA G C TG TGY CAA GT CA C G AAAAC TT C G AANA GTTTG A GT G A GGTTT GT CC TT CAA C G CAC GTTG C GTTT RAAAC G A CCAAAACCC G N TG CC TT C TT G CCAAA A G G C TT GT CCAC T CA G CCA CC T C TGT C G CAC GTTG YTT T CCAA G ACCAA C TM TT C G AA GT R GT A G C TG ACA CCA T G AAAA C GT CCA GG A G CCAC T CA G CCA C T G A CCA K AA G C TTGT G AACCC WGT GT GG A TG AA P rimer S10B_08 S10B_08R06 S10B_09 S10B_07 S10B_08F22 S10B_09F22 S10B_04R S10B_04R11 S10B_05 S10B_06 S10B_06F18 S10B_09F23 S10B_09RFR17 S10B_09R S10B_09RFF02 S10B_10 S10B_10FR06 S10B_G00 S10B_Ap_F S10B_Ap_R S10B_G01 S10B_G01F55B S10B_G01FRC17 S10B_G02 S10B_G03R97 S10B_I10 S10B_G02F17F S10B_G03 S11_03F S11_N05F S10B_I10R23 S11_01 S10B_G02F22 AC G TTGG T C YG TG A G TG A A G CAC TG AC TT C AR T ACCCA G A G AC TT C G TG C G T CAA GG A G AAACC T C G TTGT CAC T R TTT A TG CA Y C K AAC TTG A YGGT ACCAA G A AC T CCC G A ACC T RAC A T T T TT CA YG A T CA T T TG CA A A AAA Sequence T TTG A TGGTT C YTTGG A GGT TGT C T ACACCA G C T TG A T AAAA G CC A TGT AACCCC G A CCC AA T CCAACACAA GY CC AAA T CCAA T AAAACACCRAACC TTT CCC T C T T CCAACACAA G CCC TTG CAA TG CA AAC T CAA TGTT AC TT CCA T CAAAA G A C A G AAR CAAC GTG A A G AAC TTTGG C T TY A AAA AA T CA T C GTTG CAA TGG AA GTW T TW TT A AAC T CAAC GGT AACCA G CACC AAAACC AAACCA T CA T TTTT CC TTG A TTTT CC TTG A T CAA TGT T C GTTG CAA GGT C T CA G CA GTG CCAA CC G AA GTG C T CCAAR G AACCA G A C G AA G A AC C AAA GYG G A C T G AACCC GG AAC C TT CCAA G A G A G AA C GT TTTT G CA TTT C TTT CA GG A GT G C T GTTG C T A GYG CA CA CC G CAC TT GTG C T CA TTTTYT CAACCCAA CAAAA C G AA TG CCAA A CC G AA GT GTGGT P rimer S10A_01 S10A_01E S10A_02 S10A_02F20 S10A_02F22 S10A_03 S10A_03R S10A_04 S10A_04F22 S10A_05A S10A_06F22 S10A_07 S10A_07F06 S10A_10 S10A_10A S10A_10F06 S10A_10R20 S10A_12N06 S10A_13B S10A_14 S10A_14NPHA S10A_H12 S10B_01 S10A_15 S10A_CH12 S10A_CH12F22 S10A_H12F S10A_H14F S10B_02 S10B_02F06 S10B_02N02 S10B_04 S10B_03 A G TT C G AC TGG TT C A TGTG AC G TT C G T A GG CC ACCAC T C Y T CAC TTG A T CCA G AC G AAC ACCC G C TT C GTT A G AAA CAAC ACCCAC TGTT TTG ACA G T C G AAC T TYG AAC G TTGG A AC T T T CRA T A A TGTG A G C A AA T CC TTGTG TTTGG AA G A Sequence A A G T TT AC TG C G A TTG AC T CC TG T T TTG CAAC G A T T CAA Y CAA A AC G A A G AAC TTG ACCC ARAAC TTG ACC GG A TTGGTTG AAA GG AC TTG A TGTGGT TTG C TG A G T CCC C TTT CC AAAC T T C G A TT TT AACA T C ACA G CA GT AC TG C TGT ACCA T C CA G CAA T CAA T T A GT TT CC TTG AC T C G AAAAC TT C GTTTG AAAC T C YTG A AAC T T CAAACC G AAA ACCCC T C G CA GT ACAA G AA CC A GT TYG A TKG AA TTG AA T C TGTYT CCA GG T C AAAA GTGTG A TT A A A A T T AAA AA G A T TGGT ACCAC T 6 C GT GG AACA CC TTT CAACCAA G C AA KG CCA AAC T G A CAA GTG A G A C TT C T TTTG A GTT C GT G AACAA G AACAA G CA G A GT C TTT GT R G A A GGT G A C TG ACA GTT C G AA T T CA G AA CCA TG AA A CACA GT CA G A CACC CCC TGT C G CA GT CCCCC CC TT G AAAC A GG CC T G AACA C ontinued. P rimer S09B_27 S09B_27R S09B_27F22 S09B_23FR22 S09B_23R09 S09B_24F22 S09B_28 S09B_23F23 S09B_28N09 Table S1. Table S09B_31 S09B_30A S09B_30F22 S09B_32 S09B_28N23 S09B_28N100 PH10A_01FRN AP10B_08RN AP10B_G01F AP10B_G03 S09B_32F20 S09B_32R AP10B_G01 Gucc1R_02 S09 RAF 06 A S10B_G02F22 S09B_I01R rps16_MF S09B_I20F S09 R S09 RA rps16_MF1 S09B_I20FR rps16_MR1 90 Journal of Species Research Vol. 6, No. 1 A G TG AC AAA G C ACAC ACACA G TG CC ACC ACACA G A G ACCC T C CC AC T C TG AACC AC G T TG C G TT T TTG C T TT T TGT CCCC AAA A A TTGG C G A ACCAC TTG T CAAAC G T AA TTGTT TTGTT TT A TT C G TG TT T CCA TT C T AA TT T CCA G C GG CCC A A GGT TT C G CCA ACC AC TG A T AAA AAA TT T T CAA T A T T TGT C TGTT CC T C TT CC CCCC TGTG C G TTG A A TTTT C TTTTG ACCC T CAC TT C GG CA A A A AA A G AA AA TT T T AA A TGTG AA Sequence T TGT T C TT T C G AA GTT T R G CA TTG C GG A TTGGTT G AC TTG A TT C T T C ACA A A T CCA T T C TT CAACCAA A GT CCAC T CA G CCA TTTTTGT T A G AA TG A T CAA AA A T C TGT A T A ACC TGTG AACCA G CC T AACC G AA GTG CAAAAA T CCA AC G C TGGTT CAAA AC T C CAAAC TTTT GTTT TT CCA TTGG C TGTTTTTG CA T C TT A GGTGT AC T T CCC TT C TG AAA T TT C TTT TTTT CCA TTTG CA GT CCCCC G CC TT AAACCCCA G AACA AAACCCCA G AACA A GT C AC TT CA GGT C TGG G AA C T CC T C GTG A C G CACCA CCA G A G A C TT GT C T GTTGT CAA C T G A AAC T CCAAAA G AA G C TT T CCAC G CA CACA GT C T CC TT TG A G A GT GT CAA T C TT CC GT CAA G CCC TG A G AC C TTT G A P rimer L07G_An06_F1 L07G_An06_R L07G_An22_FQ L07G_An22_FQ2 L07G_An22_FQ3 L07G_An22_RQ L07G_An22_RQ1 L08ABN_FR23 L08ABN_R L08B_14F22 L08B_17F20 L08B_17FAp 22 L 08 FAF L 09 FCF 23 L 09 RR 23 L10B_08FF20 L22_MKF L22_MKR L2C_G20F1 L2C_G20R1 L7B_GR22 L89_GF22 L89_GR20 L89_GR22 LC97_G1NF LC97_G2NR T CCC G T CC T C G TG CCC AC G A TT C T A TTG T CCAA G T A AA T CC G C TGT C T T CC G T CCA A AAA GTG A G CAACCC AAR G C TTGTG T CCCC ACCC G C A G CAC T AA ACC TT C TG T A T CCA T YT ACA T A TTT A A G C T TT TT CC T C TTTGG TT A TG C T AAC TG C T TGGTG A GTGG AAAA T CCAAAAAC TG C T CCAAC C G A AAAC T TG C G AA T AAC T CC CAACC A A GGTT CCA G A TT T T Sequence AC G AACCAC GGTGT C GG AC TT CAACC G A A TTT C G CCA TGT T C GT ACC GTTG A GTT A G GT C AAA AA GGY TTG CC T T C T CCCC GTTG CC TTG TTG A GT C T TG CACC A T CCAC TTGG C Y T CA G A C CAA ACCAC T TY T AACAAA AC TGG AA GG A TGG C TG A GTGG T A G GGG AC TTG AACCC T CA ACCRA TT CC G A GT T AC T C AAAA GT T CR G CA A G GG AAC M ACACCAA AC T AAACCA T C GG CCACA TG CACCC GGTG CC GT T AC G AA TT CC G A GT C TG CC TT RA CRCRC TTTT GG A G CAA GTGG A GG C GT G A CAC GTGG C T CAA G CCA G AAA CAC TTG AA GTG CAC TTTTT AC T C TT CCCC TT C TTT CACCC CCA AAA G AA G A GGT CC GTTTG G AA G AA GT C GG AC T C G AACC A G AAA C YG A G CA CA G C TT CCA G A CA TGGGG A A G C GT T C TTT P rimer An_L10B_F An_L10F An_L10R An_L10RA An_L11FA An_LRF An_LRFA An20_L2B03F An20_L4GF1 An22_L2B31F An22_L2CR An22_L2CR1 An22_L4GF An22_L4GR An23_L4GR C97_SSC_G3R C97_LuucR L02B_27F17 L06B_R L06B_GF06 L 06 NF L07B_01F22 L07B_F L07B_R L07B_RA L07B_RAF22 AC T CC TT C A ACC T CCC A TT C G TT TG AAC G C TG AC ACCA ACCAC TT CA G C T C CC T TG A G CC T C CC A AAACC TTTGG T CC C TG A G AAA G C CCC T CRAAC C CC A GG AA G CA GTG AA AACCA AACAAARAAACC T A G GTTTM ACCACC A G C T CAA GG TGGTT AAAA GTGYG A TTTG AACCAA YT C G AACC T CCAC Sequence ACCCAAAACAAAC G C AA G A CA C GTGT T T CCCAA T CC TTT H CCCCR GTT C T CC TGG C CA GG A A G C GTTTGTTTTGGGT A G AA ACC TMTGT CC T A AC GGG AAA G AAR T A GTGGT TTGG A T CA GTT C G A CC TG A GT CCAC T CA G CCA A TGG C TG AA TTTTGT T CC TG A G CCA GG TTTG CA GT CCCCC G CC TT A G CCAC GTG C T AC T A GG ACA K GGT C TT T A GTTT TT CACC T T T CCA A G ACAC C TGYT TT T T C GT CACC G CA TG A GTTGGG C G TTT TTGGT CA G A CACC CCC TGT CAA GG A AAA GGTTT A G CA GTTTGGT A TTTG AAA A ACC T GG AA GT CA G A GTT C TT C GT GT CAC TG C TT CC T GGT CC TTG AA G A GG TT C GTT CA G CA G AA GTG ACA T G CA C TTGGT G AACC YGT RACC T CAA GGTT T GG AC TG CAAA C T G AACCC CA TT CC TTG ACA GT G HC C YTT C G YTTMGT CCAC T CA CCA GT R GG A C Y AA AA GG A L ong PCR primer list used in this study. P rimer An_L01F Table S2. Table An_L01FA An_L01R An_L01RA An_L02AR An_L02BF An_L03BF An_L03F An_L03R An_L04F An_L04R An_L05FA An_L05R An_L06R An_L07FA An_L07R An_L08F An_L08FA An_L08R An_L09F An_L09F20 An_L09FA An_L09FB An_L09FBR An_L09R An_L09RA